CN115389565A - Water-injected chicken judgment and detection method - Google Patents
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- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 172
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 130
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- 235000013330 chicken meat Nutrition 0.000 claims description 160
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- 206010034203 Pectus Carinatum Diseases 0.000 claims description 24
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 210000002435 tendon Anatomy 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 11
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- 239000008213 purified water Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229930003347 Atropine Natural products 0.000 description 1
- RKUNBYITZUJHSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hyosciamin-hydrochlorid Natural products CN1C(C2)CCC1CC2OC(=O)C(CO)C1=CC=CC=C1 RKUNBYITZUJHSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 alum Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 229940037003 alum Drugs 0.000 description 1
- RKUNBYITZUJHSG-SPUOUPEWSA-N atropine Chemical compound O([C@H]1C[C@H]2CC[C@@H](C1)N2C)C(=O)C(CO)C1=CC=CC=C1 RKUNBYITZUJHSG-SPUOUPEWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000396 atropine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 description 1
- STJMRWALKKWQGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N clenbuterol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)NCC(O)C1=CC(Cl)=C(N)C(Cl)=C1 STJMRWALKKWQGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001117 clenbuterol Drugs 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种注水鸡判断检测方法，具体步骤如下，获取非注水鸡肉样品，并对非注水鸡肉样品进行预处理；通过电测法对非注水鸡肉样品进行检测；并获得非注水鸡肉的水分含量区间值；获取注水鸡肉样品，并对注水鸡肉样品进行预处理，并对注水鸡肉样品进行分组。该注水鸡判断检测方法，通过交流阻抗法实现对鸡肉水分含量的简便、准确、快速的测量，且设置多组注水鸡样本，通过在不同环境温度对多组样本的检测，并设计相应的补偿电路，来降低环境温度对注水鸡水分含量检测时产生的误差，相比较传统电测法，该方法同样具备快速便捷的特点，且准确率具有大幅度提高。
The invention discloses a method for judging and detecting water-injected chicken. The specific steps are as follows: obtain a non-water-injected chicken sample, and perform pretreatment on the non-water-injected chicken sample; detect the non-water-injected chicken sample by an electric measurement method; and obtain the non-water-injected chicken sample Moisture content interval value; obtain water-injected chicken samples, pre-treat water-injected chicken samples, and group water-injected chicken samples. The water-injected chicken judgment and detection method realizes the simple, accurate and rapid measurement of the water content of the chicken through the AC impedance method, and sets up multiple groups of water-injected chicken samples, and designs the corresponding compensation through the detection of multiple groups of samples at different ambient temperatures The circuit is used to reduce the error caused by the ambient temperature when detecting the moisture content of the water-filled chicken. Compared with the traditional electrical measurement method, this method is also fast and convenient, and the accuracy rate is greatly improved.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及食品检测相关技术领域，具体为一种注水鸡判断检测方法。The invention relates to the technical field related to food detection, in particular to a method for judging and detecting water-injected chickens.
背景技术Background technique
“注水肉”是近年来常见的一种劣质产品。有些商贩或业主，为了增加鸡重获取更大的私利，通过屠宰后向肉内注水制成，注水后可增加净重量的15％-22％。众多肉类专家指出，“注水肉”危害并不比“瘦肉精”低。在“注水肉”里，可能添加了阿托品、矾水、卤水、工业色素和防腐剂等。注水使鸡肉品质降低，并易造成病原微生物污染，对人体潜在危害很大。"Water-injected meat" is a common low-quality product in recent years. Some traders or owners, in order to increase the weight of chickens to obtain greater self-interest, make it by injecting water into the meat after slaughter, and the net weight can be increased by 15%-22% after water injection. Many meat experts pointed out that "water-injected meat" is no less harmful than "clenbuterol". In "water-injected meat", atropine, alum, brine, industrial pigments and preservatives may be added. Water injection reduces the quality of chicken and easily causes pathogenic microorganism contamination, which is potentially harmful to the human body.
目前，市面上并无对针对注水鸡进行专业检测，而现有的肉类检测机构对注水鸡采用的检测方法可分为两种，分别为烘干称重法和电测法，电测法由可分为：直流电阻交流电容法，烘干称重法操作比较复杂，且费时费点，且仅使用于实验室使用，不能够用于现场检测，局限性较大，现有的电测法所需仪器不便于现场携带，而电测法在检测时，因稳定性较差，会导致精度较低，且检测信号易受到干扰，易造成重复性误差大，不能满足快速、精准地对鸡肉水分进行检测的要求。At present, there is no professional testing for water-injected chickens on the market, and the existing meat testing institutions use two detection methods for water-injected chickens, which are drying weighing method and electrical measurement method. It can be divided into: DC resistance and AC capacitance method, drying and weighing method are more complicated to operate, and time-consuming, and only used in the laboratory, not for on-site detection, with large limitations, the existing electrical measurement method The instrument required by the method is not easy to carry on site, and the electrical measurement method has poor stability during detection, which will lead to low accuracy, and the detection signal is easily interfered, which is likely to cause large repeatability errors, which cannot meet the needs of fast and accurate detection. Chicken moisture testing requirements.
针对上述问题，我们提出一种注水鸡判断检测方法。Aiming at the above problems, we propose a method for judging and detecting water-injected chickens.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于提供一种注水鸡判断检测方法，以解决上述背景技术中提出现有的检测方法不够全面，无法在保证快速检测的同时确保检测的准确性的问题。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for judging and detecting water-injected chickens, so as to solve the problem that the existing detection methods in the above-mentioned background technology are not comprehensive enough to ensure the accuracy of detection while ensuring rapid detection.
为实现上述目的，本发明提供如下技术方案：一种注水鸡判断检测方法，具体步骤如下：In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a method for judging and detecting water-injected chickens, the specific steps are as follows:
1)获取非注水鸡肉样品，并对非注水鸡肉样品进行预处理；1) Obtain a non-water-injected chicken sample, and pretreat the non-water-injected chicken sample;
2)通过电测法对非注水鸡肉样品进行检测，并获得非注水鸡肉的水分含量区间值。2) Detect the non-water-injected chicken samples by electrical measurement, and obtain the interval value of the moisture content of the non-water-injected chicken.
3)获取注水鸡肉样品，并对注水鸡肉样品进行预处理，并对注水鸡肉样品进行分组。3) Obtain water-injected chicken samples, pretreat the water-injected chicken samples, and group the water-injected chicken samples.
优先的，所述步骤1)中所述非注水鸡肉样品为鸡胸肌样品，所述步骤3)中的待测鸡肉样品为4组，且每组3-5份样品。Preferably, the non-water-injected chicken sample in the step 1) is a chicken breast muscle sample, and the chicken samples to be tested in the step 3) are 4 groups, and each group has 3-5 samples.
优先的，所述步骤1)和步骤3)中鸡肉样品检测前均需预处理，处理方法为：Preferably, the chicken sample in step 1) and step 3) needs to be pretreated before detection, and the processing method is:
a)剔除所述鸡胸肌样品表面的筋、腱、膜和脂肪；a) removing the tendon, tendon, membrane and fat on the surface of the chicken breast muscle sample;
b)将处理后的鸡胸肌放置绞肉机中，并通过高速挡进行绞至无颗粒状肉糜。b) Place the processed chicken breast muscle in a meat grinder, and grind it through a high-speed gear until there is no granular meat.
优先的，所述步骤1)非注水鸡肉样品为活鸡屠宰后取鸡胸肌作为样本，且非注水鸡肉样本为3-5组。Preferably, the step 1) the non-water-injected chicken sample is a chicken breast muscle sample taken after slaughtering a live chicken, and the non-water-injected chicken sample is 3-5 groups.
优先的，所述步骤2)中电测法具体为交流阻抗法：交流阻抗检测系统包括(信号发生器、水分传感器、调节放大电路、滤波电路、单片机系统)；Preferably, the electric measurement method in the step 2) is specifically the AC impedance method: the AC impedance detection system includes (signal generator, moisture sensor, adjusting amplifier circuit, filter circuit, single-chip microcomputer system);
水分传感器采用针状多电极结构，由多对电极同时取样，并通过单片机系统去除最大值和最小值和取平均数；The moisture sensor adopts a needle-shaped multi-electrode structure, which is sampled by multiple pairs of electrodes at the same time, and the maximum and minimum values are removed and averaged by the single-chip computer system;
通过对鸡肉制品在无线电频率范围内的导电特性研究，得出鸡肉的水分阻抗特性呈对数关系：Zx＝a+logb m；Through the research on the conductivity of chicken products in the radio frequency range, it is concluded that the moisture impedance of chicken has a logarithmic relationship: Z x ＝a+log b m ;
Zx为鸡肉的阻抗，M为肉制品水分含量，a、b均为常数，且0<b<1；Z x is the impedance of chicken, M is the moisture content of meat products, a and b are constant, and 0<b<1;
由上式可得M＝bzx-a。From the above formula, M=b zx-a can be obtained.
优先的，所述被测肉类的水分含量M与肉类阻抗Zx呈指数关系，当施加的激励信号为100kHz时，交流阻抗特性曲线可线性化逼近，近似为一条直线。Preferably, the moisture content M of the meat to be measured has an exponential relationship with the meat impedance Zx, and when the applied excitation signal is 100 kHz, the AC impedance characteristic curve can be linearized and approximated to a straight line.
优先的，所述交流阻抗法检测时受环境温度的影响，需要设计相应补偿电路以确保检测结构的准确性：Preferably, the AC impedance method is affected by the ambient temperature during detection, and a corresponding compensation circuit needs to be designed to ensure the accuracy of the detection structure:
由实验得出温度越高阻抗越小，且温度对阻抗影响近似为线性，通过在检测系统中添加温度采集芯片，对检测环境的温度进行检测，并通过单片机进行补偿；It is found from the experiment that the higher the temperature, the smaller the impedance, and the influence of temperature on impedance is approximately linear. By adding a temperature acquisition chip to the detection system, the temperature of the detection environment is detected and compensated by a single-chip microcomputer;
该系统中采用DS1620芯片作为温度传感器芯片，其测温范围为－55℃～+125℃。The system adopts DS1620 chip as the temperature sensor chip, and its temperature measurement range is -55℃～+125℃.
优先的，所述步骤3)中四组分别注入纯净水，比例分别为a组0份，b组、c组和d组量为2-8份。Preferably, in the step 3), the four groups are respectively injected with purified water, and the proportions are 0 parts for group a, and 2-8 parts for groups b, c and d.
优先的，所述步骤3)中a组待检测鸡肉样品水分含量在70-74％之间，且b组、c组和d组中注入纯净水后待检测样品4组鸡肉水分含量为76-84％。Preferably, in the step 3), the moisture content of the chicken samples to be tested in group a is between 70-74%, and the moisture content of the chicken samples to be tested in group 4 after injecting pure water in groups b, c and d is 76-74%. 84%.
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：该注水鸡判断检测方法，通过交流阻抗法实现对鸡肉水分含量的简便、准确、快速的测量，且设置多组注水鸡样本，通过在不同环境温度对多组样本的检测，并设计相应的补偿电路，来降低环境温度对注水鸡水分含量检测时产生的误差，提高该检测方法的准确性；Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: the method for judging and detecting water-injected chickens realizes the simple, accurate and rapid measurement of the water content of chickens by means of AC impedance method, and sets multiple groups of water-injected chicken samples, through different The ambient temperature is used to detect multiple groups of samples, and the corresponding compensation circuit is designed to reduce the error caused by the ambient temperature when detecting the moisture content of the water-filled chicken, and improve the accuracy of the detection method;
1、通过多组预处理的鸡肉样品，以模拟市面可能会出现的不同注水鸡肉的情况，相比较不同的注水量，并通过多组样本在不同环境温度下进行检测，根据测试得出环境温度对测试结果的影响为近似为线性，设计相应补偿电路，来提高该方法对鸡肉注水判断的准确性，保证该方法对鸡肉水分检测的可靠性。1. Through multiple groups of pretreated chicken samples, to simulate different water-injected chicken situations that may appear in the market, compare different water injection volumes, and conduct tests at different ambient temperatures through multiple groups of samples, and obtain the ambient temperature according to the test The impact on the test results is approximately linear, and the corresponding compensation circuit is designed to improve the accuracy of the method for judging the chicken water injection and ensure the reliability of the method for chicken moisture detection.
2、交流阻抗法检测时通过鸡肉的阻抗决定导通电流，经数据处理后，即可计算得出鸡肉内的水分含量，并通过对不同水分含量的注水鸡进行检测对比，可计算出不同水分含量的注水鸡样本的具体导通电流的大小，相比较现有的电测法，具有更好的准确性和更好的重复性。2. During the detection of AC impedance method, the conduction current is determined by the impedance of the chicken. After data processing, the moisture content in the chicken can be calculated, and by comparing the water-filled chickens with different moisture content, the different moisture content can be calculated. Compared with the existing electrical measurement method, the specific conduction current of the water-injected chicken sample has better accuracy and better repeatability.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1交流阻抗检测法系统图；Fig. 1 system diagram of AC impedance detection method;
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
请参阅图1，本发明提供以下技术方案：Please refer to Fig. 1, the present invention provides following technical scheme:
实施例1Example 1
一种注水鸡判断检测方法，具体步骤如下：A method for judging and detecting water-injected chickens, the specific steps are as follows:
1)从市场购买15只鸡，屠宰后立即取样，留3份非注水鸡肉作为检测基准，并对非注水鸡肉样品进行预处理；所述非注水鸡肉样品为鸡胸肌样品，所述步骤1)非注水鸡肉样品为活鸡屠宰后取鸡胸肌作为样本，且非注水鸡肉样本为3组，并得出非注水鸡肉样本的含水量为70％-74％之间。1) Buy 15 chickens from the market, take samples immediately after slaughtering, leave 3 parts of non-water-injected chicken as a test standard, and pretreat the non-water-injected chicken sample; the non-water-injected chicken sample is a chicken breast muscle sample, and the step 1) The non-water-injected chicken samples are chicken breast muscle samples taken after slaughtering live chickens, and the non-water-injected chicken samples are divided into 3 groups, and the water content of the non-water-injected chicken samples is obtained to be between 70% and 74%.
2)通过电测法对非注水鸡肉样品进行检测，并获得非注水鸡肉的水分含量区间值；所述步骤2)中电测法具体为交流阻抗法：交流阻抗检测系统包括(信号发生器、水分传感器、调节放大电路、滤波电路、单片机系统)；2) The non-water-injected chicken sample is detected by the electric measurement method, and the moisture content interval value of the non-water-injected chicken is obtained; the electric measurement method in the step 2) is specifically the AC impedance method: the AC impedance detection system includes (signal generator, Moisture sensor, adjusting amplifier circuit, filter circuit, single-chip microcomputer system);
水分传感器采用针状多电极结构，由多对电极同时取样，并通过单片机系统去除最大值和最小值和取平均数；The moisture sensor adopts a needle-shaped multi-electrode structure, which is sampled by multiple pairs of electrodes at the same time, and the maximum and minimum values are removed and averaged by the single-chip computer system;
通过对鸡肉制品在无线电频率范围内的导电特性研究，得出鸡肉的水分阻抗特性呈对数关系：Zx＝a+logb m；Through the research on the conductivity of chicken products in the radio frequency range, it is concluded that the moisture impedance of chicken has a logarithmic relationship: Z x ＝a+log b m ;
Zx为鸡肉的阻抗，M为肉制品水分含量，a、b均为常数，且0<b<1；Z x is the impedance of chicken, M is the moisture content of meat products, a and b are constant, and 0<b<1;
由上式可得M＝bzx-a；From the above formula, M=b zx-a can be obtained;
所述被测肉类的水分含量M与肉类阻抗Zx呈指数关系，当施加的激励信号为100kHz时，交流阻抗特性曲线可线性化逼近，近似为一条直线，所述交流阻抗法检测时受环境温度的影响，需要设计相应补偿电路以确保检测结构的准确性：The moisture content M of the meat to be tested has an exponential relationship with the meat impedance Zx. When the applied excitation signal is 100 kHz, the AC impedance characteristic curve can be approached linearly, which is approximately a straight line. Due to the influence of ambient temperature, it is necessary to design a corresponding compensation circuit to ensure the accuracy of the detection structure:
通过对步骤3)中准备得多组不同注水鸡样本在不同环境温度下进行检测，得出温度越高阻抗越小，且温度对阻抗影响近似为线性，通过在检测系统中添加温度采集芯片，对检测环境的温度进行检测，并通过单片机进行补偿；By testing multiple groups of different water-injected chicken samples prepared in step 3) at different ambient temperatures, it is concluded that the higher the temperature, the smaller the impedance, and the effect of temperature on impedance is approximately linear. By adding a temperature acquisition chip to the detection system, Detect the temperature of the detection environment and compensate through the single-chip microcomputer;
该系统中采用DS1620芯片作为温度传感器芯片，其测温范围为－55℃～+125℃。The system adopts DS1620 chip as the temperature sensor chip, and its temperature measurement range is -55℃～+125℃.
3)获取注水鸡肉样品，并对注水鸡肉样品进行预处理，并对注水鸡肉样品进行分组，所述步骤3)中的待测鸡肉：待测鸡肉样品为4组，且每组3份样品，四组样品内部分别注入纯净水，比例分别为a组0％，b组、c组和d组比例为25％-80％；具体注水比例为a组0份、b组3份、c组4份、d组7份，3) Obtain water-injected chicken samples, pretreat the water-infused chicken samples, and group the water-infused chicken samples, the chicken to be tested in the step 3): the chicken samples to be tested are 4 groups, and each group has 3 samples, The four groups of samples were injected with purified water, the proportions were 0% in group a, and 25%-80% in groups b, c and d; the specific water injection ratios were 0 parts in group a, 3 parts in group b, and 4 parts in group c. 7 copies of group d,
所述步骤1)和步骤3)中鸡肉样品检测前均需预处理，处理方法为：In the step 1) and step 3), the chicken sample needs to be pretreated before detection, and the processing method is:
a)剔除所述鸡胸肌样品表面的筋、腱、膜和脂肪；a) removing the tendon, tendon, membrane and fat on the surface of the chicken breast muscle sample;
3)b)将处理后的鸡胸肌放置绞肉机中，并通过高速挡进行绞至无颗粒状肉糜；3) b) the processed chicken breast muscle is placed in a meat grinder, and twisted through a high-speed gear until there is no granular meat;
所述步骤3)中a组待检测鸡肉样品水分含量在70-74％之间，且b组、c组和d组中注入纯净水后待检测样品4组鸡肉水分含量为76-84％；In the step 3), the moisture content of the chicken samples to be tested in group a is between 70-74%, and the moisture content of the chicken samples in group 4 to be tested after injecting pure water into groups b, c and d is 76-84%;
利用交流阻抗检测方法进行检测，预测正确个数为12份样品，预测正确率为100％。Using the AC impedance detection method to detect, the predicted correct number is 12 samples, and the predicted correct rate is 100%.
实施例2Example 2
一种注水鸡判断检测方法，具体步骤如下：A method for judging and detecting water-injected chickens, the specific steps are as follows:
1)从市场购买23只鸡，屠宰后立即取样，留3份非注水鸡肉作为检测基准，并对非注水鸡肉样品进行预处理；所述非注水鸡肉样品为鸡胸肌样品，所述步骤1)非注水鸡肉样品为活鸡屠宰后取鸡胸肌作为样本，且非注水鸡肉样本为3组，并得出非注水鸡肉样本的含水量为70％-74％之间。1) Purchase 23 chickens from the market, take samples immediately after slaughtering, leave 3 parts of non-water-injected chicken as a test standard, and pretreat the non-water-injected chicken sample; the non-water-injected chicken sample is a chicken breast muscle sample, and the step 1) The non-water-injected chicken samples are chicken breast muscle samples taken after slaughtering live chickens, and the non-water-injected chicken samples are divided into 3 groups, and the water content of the non-water-injected chicken samples is obtained to be between 70% and 74%.
2)通过电测法对非注水鸡肉样品进行检测，并获得非注水鸡肉的水分含量区间值；所述步骤2)中电测法具体为交流阻抗法：交流阻抗检测系统包括(信号发生器、水分传感器、调节放大电路、滤波电路、单片机系统)；2) The non-water-injected chicken sample is detected by the electric measurement method, and the moisture content interval value of the non-water-injected chicken is obtained; the electric measurement method in the step 2) is specifically the AC impedance method: the AC impedance detection system includes (signal generator, Moisture sensor, adjusting amplifier circuit, filter circuit, single-chip microcomputer system);
水分传感器采用针状多电极结构，由多对电极同时取样，并通过单片机系统去除最大值和最小值和取平均数；The moisture sensor adopts a needle-shaped multi-electrode structure, which is sampled by multiple pairs of electrodes at the same time, and the maximum and minimum values are removed and averaged by the single-chip computer system;
通过对鸡肉制品在无线电频率范围内的导电特性研究，得出鸡肉的水分阻抗特性呈对数关系：Zx＝a+logb m；Through the research on the conductivity of chicken products in the radio frequency range, it is concluded that the moisture impedance of chicken has a logarithmic relationship: Z x ＝a+log b m ;
Zx为鸡肉的阻抗，M为肉制品水分含量，a、b均为常数，且0<b<1；Z x is the impedance of chicken, M is the moisture content of meat products, a and b are constant, and 0<b<1;
由上式可得M＝bzx-a；From the above formula, M=b zx-a can be obtained;
所述被测肉类的水分含量M与肉类阻抗Zx呈指数关系，当施加的激励信号为100kHz时，交流阻抗特性曲线可线性化逼近，近似为一条直线，所述交流阻抗法检测时受环境温度的影响，需要设计相应补偿电路以确保检测结构的准确性：The moisture content M of the meat to be tested has an exponential relationship with the meat impedance Zx. When the applied excitation signal is 100 kHz, the AC impedance characteristic curve can be approached linearly, which is approximately a straight line. Due to the influence of ambient temperature, it is necessary to design a corresponding compensation circuit to ensure the accuracy of the detection structure:
通过对步骤3)中准备得多组不同注水鸡样本在不同环境温度下进行检测，得出温度越高阻抗越小，且温度对阻抗影响近似为线性，通过在检测系统中添加温度采集芯片，对检测环境的温度进行检测，并通过单片机进行补偿；By testing multiple groups of different water-injected chicken samples prepared in step 3) at different ambient temperatures, it is concluded that the higher the temperature, the smaller the impedance, and the effect of temperature on impedance is approximately linear. By adding a temperature acquisition chip to the detection system, Detect the temperature of the detection environment and compensate through the single-chip microcomputer;
该系统中采用DS1620芯片作为温度传感器芯片，其测温范围为－55℃～+125℃。The system adopts DS1620 chip as the temperature sensor chip, and its temperature measurement range is -55℃～+125℃.
3)获取注水鸡肉样品，并对注水鸡肉样品进行预处理，并对注水鸡肉样品进行分组，所述步骤3)中的待测鸡肉：待测鸡肉样品为4组，且每组5份样品，四组样品内部分别注入纯净水，比例分别为a组0％，b组、c组和d组比例为25％-80％；具体注水比例为a组0份、b组2份、c组5份、d组6份；3) Obtain water-injected chicken samples, pretreat the water-infused chicken samples, and group the water-infused chicken samples, the chicken to be tested in the step 3): the chicken samples to be tested are 4 groups, and each group has 5 samples, The four groups of samples were injected with purified water, the proportions were 0% in group a, and 25%-80% in groups b, c and d; the specific water injection ratios were 0 parts in group a, 2 parts in group b, and 5 parts in group c. 6 copies in group d;
所述步骤1)和步骤3)中鸡肉样品检测前均需预处理，处理方法为：In the step 1) and step 3), the chicken sample needs to be pretreated before detection, and the processing method is:
a)剔除所述鸡胸肌样品表面的筋、腱、膜和脂肪；a) removing the tendon, tendon, membrane and fat on the surface of the chicken breast muscle sample;
4)b)将处理后的鸡胸肌放置绞肉机中，并通过高速挡进行绞至无颗粒状肉糜；4) b) the processed chicken breast muscle is placed in a meat grinder, and twisted until there is no granular minced meat through a high-speed gear;
所述步骤3)中a组待检测鸡肉样品水分含量在70-74％之间，且b组、c组和d组中注入纯净水后待检测样品4组鸡肉水分含量为76-84％；In the step 3), the moisture content of the chicken samples to be tested in group a is between 70-74%, and the moisture content of the chicken samples in group 4 to be tested after injecting pure water into groups b, c and d is 76-84%;
利用交流阻抗检测方法进行检测，预测正确个数为20份样品，预测正确率为100％。Using the AC impedance detection method to detect, the predicted correct number is 20 samples, and the predicted correct rate is 100%.
实施例3Example 3
一种注水鸡判断检测方法，具体步骤如下：A method for judging and detecting water-injected chickens, the specific steps are as follows:
1)从市场购买29只鸡，屠宰后立即取样，留4份非注水鸡肉作为检测基准，并对非注水鸡肉样品进行预处理；所述非注水鸡肉样品为鸡胸肌样品，所述步骤1)非注水鸡肉样品为活鸡屠宰后取鸡胸肌作为样本，且非注水鸡肉样本为3组，并得出非注水鸡肉样本的含水量为70％-74％之间。1) Purchase 29 chickens from the market, take samples immediately after slaughtering, leave 4 parts of non-water-injected chicken as a test standard, and pretreat the non-water-injected chicken samples; the non-water-injected chicken samples are chicken breast muscle samples, and the step 1) The non-water-injected chicken samples are chicken breast muscle samples taken after slaughtering live chickens, and the non-water-injected chicken samples are divided into 3 groups, and the water content of the non-water-injected chicken samples is obtained to be between 70% and 74%.
2)通过电测法对非注水鸡肉样品进行检测，并获得非注水鸡肉的水分含量区间值；所述步骤2)中电测法具体为交流阻抗法：交流阻抗检测系统包括(信号发生器、水分传感器、调节放大电路、滤波电路、单片机系统)；2) The non-water-injected chicken sample is detected by the electric measurement method, and the moisture content interval value of the non-water-injected chicken is obtained; the electric measurement method in the step 2) is specifically the AC impedance method: the AC impedance detection system includes (signal generator, Moisture sensor, adjusting amplifier circuit, filter circuit, single-chip microcomputer system);
水分传感器采用针状多电极结构，由多对电极同时取样，并通过单片机系统去除最大值和最小值和取平均数；The moisture sensor adopts a needle-shaped multi-electrode structure, which is sampled by multiple pairs of electrodes at the same time, and the maximum and minimum values are removed and averaged by the single-chip computer system;
通过对鸡肉制品在无线电频率范围内的导电特性研究，得出鸡肉的水分阻抗特性呈对数关系：Zx＝a+logb m；Through the research on the conductivity of chicken products in the radio frequency range, it is concluded that the moisture impedance of chicken has a logarithmic relationship: Z x ＝a+log b m ;
Zx为鸡肉的阻抗，M为肉制品水分含量，a、b均为常数，且0<b<1；Z x is the impedance of chicken, M is the moisture content of meat products, a and b are constant, and 0<b<1;
由上式可得M＝bzx-a；From the above formula, M=b zx-a can be obtained;
所述被测肉类的水分含量M与肉类阻抗Zx呈指数关系，当施加的激励信号为100kHz时，交流阻抗特性曲线可线性化逼近，近似为一条直线，所述交流阻抗法检测时受环境温度的影响，需要设计相应补偿电路以确保检测结构的准确性：The moisture content M of the meat to be tested has an exponential relationship with the meat impedance Zx. When the applied excitation signal is 100 kHz, the AC impedance characteristic curve can be approached linearly, which is approximately a straight line. Due to the influence of ambient temperature, it is necessary to design a corresponding compensation circuit to ensure the accuracy of the detection structure:
通过对步骤3)中准备得多组不同注水鸡样本在不同环境温度下进行检测，得出温度越高阻抗越小，且温度对阻抗影响近似为线性，通过在检测系统中添加温度采集芯片，对检测环境的温度进行检测，并通过单片机进行补偿；By testing multiple groups of different water-injected chicken samples prepared in step 3) at different ambient temperatures, it is concluded that the higher the temperature, the smaller the impedance, and the effect of temperature on impedance is approximately linear. By adding a temperature acquisition chip to the detection system, Detect the temperature of the detection environment and compensate through the single-chip microcomputer;
该系统中采用DS1620芯片作为温度传感器芯片，其测温范围为－55℃～+125℃。The system adopts DS1620 chip as the temperature sensor chip, and its temperature measurement range is -55℃～+125℃.
3)获取注水鸡肉样品，并对注水鸡肉样品进行预处理，并对注水鸡肉样品进行分组，所述步骤3)中的待测鸡肉：待测鸡肉样品为4组，且每组5份样品，四组样品内部分别注入纯净水，比例分别为a组0％，b组、c组和d组比例为25％-80％；具体注水比例为a组0份、b组2份、c组5份、d组6份，3) Obtain water-injected chicken samples, pretreat the water-infused chicken samples, and group the water-infused chicken samples, the chicken to be tested in the step 3): the chicken samples to be tested are 4 groups, and each group has 5 samples, The four groups of samples were injected with purified water, the proportions were 0% in group a, and 25%-80% in groups b, c and d; the specific water injection ratios were 0 parts in group a, 2 parts in group b, and 5 parts in group c. 6 copies of group d,
所述步骤1)和步骤3)中鸡肉样品检测前均需预处理，处理方法为：In the step 1) and step 3), the chicken sample needs to be pretreated before detection, and the processing method is:
a)剔除所述鸡胸肌样品表面的筋、腱、膜和脂肪；a) removing the tendon, tendon, membrane and fat on the surface of the chicken breast muscle sample;
5)b)将处理后的鸡胸肌放置绞肉机中，并通过高速挡进行绞至无颗粒状肉糜；5) b) the processed chicken breast muscle is placed in the meat grinder, and twisted to no granular meat by high-speed gear;
所述步骤3)中a组待检测鸡肉样品水分含量在70-74％之间，且b组、c组和d组中注入纯净水后待检测样品4组鸡肉水分含量为76-84％；In the step 3), the moisture content of the chicken samples to be tested in group a is between 70-74%, and the moisture content of the chicken samples in group 4 to be tested after injecting pure water into groups b, c and d is 76-84%;
利用交流阻抗检测方法进行检测，预测正确个数为24份样品，预测正确率为96％。Using the AC impedance detection method to detect, the predicted correct number is 24 samples, and the predicted correct rate is 96%.
实施例4Example 4
一种注水鸡判断检测方法，具体步骤如下：A method for judging and detecting water-injected chickens, the specific steps are as follows:
1)从市场购买25只鸡，屠宰后立即取样，留5份非注水鸡肉作为检测基准，并对非注水鸡肉样品进行预处理；所述非注水鸡肉样品为鸡胸肌样品，所述步骤1)非注水鸡肉样品为活鸡屠宰后取鸡胸肌作为样本，且非注水鸡肉样本为3组，并得出非注水鸡肉样本的含水量为70％-74％之间。1) Purchase 25 chickens from the market, take samples immediately after slaughtering, leave 5 parts of non-water-injected chicken as a test standard, and pretreat the non-water-injected chicken sample; the non-water-injected chicken sample is a chicken breast muscle sample, and the step 1) The non-water-injected chicken samples are chicken breast muscle samples taken after slaughtering live chickens, and the non-water-injected chicken samples are divided into 3 groups, and the water content of the non-water-injected chicken samples is obtained to be between 70% and 74%.
2)通过电测法对非注水鸡肉样品进行检测，并获得非注水鸡肉的水分含量区间值；所述步骤2)中电测法具体为交流阻抗法：交流阻抗检测系统包括(信号发生器、水分传感器、调节放大电路、滤波电路、单片机系统)；2) The non-water-injected chicken sample is detected by the electric measurement method, and the moisture content interval value of the non-water-injected chicken is obtained; the electric measurement method in the step 2) is specifically the AC impedance method: the AC impedance detection system includes (signal generator, Moisture sensor, adjusting amplifier circuit, filter circuit, single-chip microcomputer system);
水分传感器采用针状多电极结构，由多对电极同时取样，并通过单片机系统去除最大值和最小值和取平均数；The moisture sensor adopts a needle-shaped multi-electrode structure, which is sampled by multiple pairs of electrodes at the same time, and the maximum and minimum values are removed and averaged by the single-chip computer system;
通过对鸡肉制品在无线电频率范围内的导电特性研究，得出鸡肉的水分阻抗特性呈对数关系：Zx＝a+logb m；Through the research on the conductivity of chicken products in the radio frequency range, it is concluded that the moisture impedance of chicken has a logarithmic relationship: Z x ＝a+log b m ;
Zx为鸡肉的阻抗，M为肉制品水分含量，a、b均为常数，且0<b<1；Z x is the impedance of chicken, M is the moisture content of meat products, a and b are constant, and 0<b<1;
由上式可得M＝bzx-a；From the above formula, M=b zx-a can be obtained;
所述被测肉类的水分含量M与肉类阻抗Zx呈指数关系，当施加的激励信号为100kHz时，交流阻抗特性曲线可线性化逼近，近似为一条直线，所述交流阻抗法检测时受环境温度的影响，需要设计相应补偿电路以确保检测结构的准确性：The moisture content M of the meat to be tested has an exponential relationship with the meat impedance Zx. When the applied excitation signal is 100 kHz, the AC impedance characteristic curve can be approached linearly, which is approximately a straight line. Due to the influence of ambient temperature, it is necessary to design a corresponding compensation circuit to ensure the accuracy of the detection structure:
通过对步骤3)中准备得多组不同注水鸡样本在不同环境温度下进行检测，得出温度越高阻抗越小，且温度对阻抗影响近似为线性，通过在检测系统中添加温度采集芯片，对检测环境的温度进行检测，并通过单片机进行补偿；By testing multiple groups of different water-injected chicken samples prepared in step 3) at different ambient temperatures, it is concluded that the higher the temperature, the smaller the impedance, and the effect of temperature on impedance is approximately linear. By adding a temperature acquisition chip to the detection system, Detect the temperature of the detection environment and compensate through the single-chip microcomputer;
该系统中采用DS1620芯片作为温度传感器芯片，其测温范围为－55℃～+125℃。The system adopts DS1620 chip as the temperature sensor chip, and its temperature measurement range is -55℃～+125℃.
3)获取注水鸡肉样品，并对注水鸡肉样品进行预处理，并对注水鸡肉样品进行分组，所述步骤3)中的待测鸡肉：待测鸡肉样品为4组，且每组4份样品，四组样品内部分别注入纯净水，比例分别为a组0％，b组、c组和d组比例为25％-80％；具体注水比例为a组0份、b组4份、c组5份、d组8份，3) Obtain water-injected chicken samples, pretreat the water-infused chicken samples, and group the water-infused chicken samples, the chicken to be tested in the step 3): the chicken samples to be tested are 4 groups, and each group has 4 samples, The four groups of samples were injected with purified water, the proportions were 0% in group a, and 25%-80% in groups b, c and d; the specific water injection ratios were 0 parts in group a, 4 parts in group b, and 5 parts in group c. 8 copies of group d,
所述步骤1)和步骤3)中鸡肉样品检测前均需预处理，处理方法为：In the step 1) and step 3), the chicken sample needs to be pretreated before detection, and the processing method is:
a)剔除所述鸡胸肌样品表面的筋、腱、膜和脂肪；a) removing the tendon, tendon, membrane and fat on the surface of the chicken breast muscle sample;
6)b)将处理后的鸡胸肌放置绞肉机中，并通过高速挡进行绞至无颗粒状肉糜；6) b) the processed chicken breast muscle is placed in a meat grinder, and twisted through a high-speed gear until there is no granular meat;
所述步骤3)中a组待检测鸡肉样品水分含量在70-74％之间，且b组、c组和d组中注入纯净水后待检测样品4组鸡肉水分含量为76-84％；In the step 3), the moisture content of the chicken samples to be tested in group a is between 70-74%, and the moisture content of the chicken samples in group 4 to be tested after injecting pure water into groups b, c and d is 76-84%;
利用交流阻抗检测方法进行检测，预测正确个数为20份样品，预测正确率为100％。Using the AC impedance detection method to detect, the predicted correct number is 20 samples, and the predicted correct rate is 100%.
尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例，对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以理解在不脱离本发明的原理和精神的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型，本发明的范围由所附权利要求及其等同物限定。Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, those skilled in the art can understand that various changes, modifications and substitutions can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principle and spirit of the present invention. and modifications, the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
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