CN115386388B - Device for preparing mixed fuel gas and biomass carbon by biomass pyrolysis - Google Patents

Device for preparing mixed fuel gas and biomass carbon by biomass pyrolysis Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115386388B
CN115386388B CN202211081172.7A CN202211081172A CN115386388B CN 115386388 B CN115386388 B CN 115386388B CN 202211081172 A CN202211081172 A CN 202211081172A CN 115386388 B CN115386388 B CN 115386388B
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reaction chamber
pyrolysis reaction
biomass
water cooling
chamber
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CN202211081172.7A
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CN115386388A (en
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邴领
顾明
金铭
杨琪
闫光泽
王健
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Shaanxi Xiwei Intelligent Environment Technology Co ltd
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Shaanxi Xiwei Intelligent Environment Technology Co ltd
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10BDESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B53/00Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
    • C10B53/02Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of cellulose-containing material
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10BDESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B57/00Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10JPRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/20Apparatus; Plants
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10JPRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72Other features
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/10Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a device for preparing mixed fuel gas and biomass carbon by biomass pyrolysis, which can be used for on-site treatment of agricultural and forestry waste into mixed fuel gas and biomass carbon base fertilizer for industrial and agricultural application.

Description

Device for preparing mixed fuel gas and biomass carbon by biomass pyrolysis
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of environmental protection, and particularly relates to a device for preparing mixed fuel gas and biomass carbon by biomass pyrolysis.
Background
Biomass pyrolysis generally refers to a process of producing biomass gas and biomass carbon by heating biomass to raise the temperature to cause molecular decomposition in an anaerobic or hypoxic environment, and is an important utilization form of biomass energy. The biomass pyrolysis device can simultaneously generate biomass gas and biomass carbon, and the biomass gas can be used for burning heat supply and power generation to replace fossil fuels such as coal, fuel oil, natural gas and the like; the biomass carbon has high porosity and high content of nutrient substances such as carbon, potassium and the like, is a natural carbon-based fertilizer, and has the effects of carbon fixation, emission reduction, soil improvement, agricultural yield increase and the like. Under the current large background of the revolution of energy sources and the realization of carbon peak and carbon neutralization targets in China, biomass pyrolysis can solve the problem of on-site treatment of biomass wastes such as straws, fruit branches and the like, and provides a solution for realizing the substitution of fossil energy sources, the complementation of multiple functions in small and medium industrial parks, rural heating and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a device for preparing mixed fuel gas and biomass carbon by biomass pyrolysis, which can be used for in-situ treatment of agriculture and forestry waste into mixed fuel gas and biomass carbon base fertilizer for industrial and agricultural application.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides a device for preparing mixed fuel gas and biomass carbon by biomass pyrolysis, which comprises a pyrolysis reaction chamber, a rotating air chamber, a water cooling system and a secondary air/steam system, wherein the pyrolysis reaction chamber adopts a jacket structure, a feeding port and a fuel gas collecting pipe are arranged in the pyrolysis reaction chamber, the rotating air chamber adopts a water cooling structure and comprises a plurality of water cooling bins, a primary air port is formed in a gap between the adjacent water cooling bins, the rotating air chamber is rotatably arranged at the bottom of the pyrolysis reaction chamber, the water cooling system is connected with the jacket of the pyrolysis reaction chamber and the water cooling bins of the rotating air chamber in series, the secondary air/steam system comprises a secondary air/steam pipeline and a plurality of pyrolysis reaction chamber nozzles, the pyrolysis reaction chamber nozzles are arranged close to the bottom of the pyrolysis reaction chamber, one part of the pyrolysis reaction chamber nozzles is used as a secondary air port, and the other part of the pyrolysis reaction chamber nozzles is used as a steam port.
Further, the pyrolysis reaction chamber comprises an upper bin, a middle bin and a lower bin which are sequentially arranged along the up-down direction.
Further, the rotary plenum and the overgrate air/steam system are disposed in the lower plenum, and the feed port and the gas header are disposed in the upper plenum.
Further, the pyrolysis reaction chamber is provided with an explosion-proof device.
Further, a plurality of pyrolysis reaction chamber nozzles of the secondary air/steam system are arranged in layers in the lower bin, the upper layer is the secondary air port, and the lower layer is the steam port.
Further, a plurality of water cooling cabins of the rotating air chamber are arranged in a layered mode, and gaps among the water cooling cabins of each layer form a primary air opening.
Further, the shape of the rotating air chamber is a tooth-shaped structure.
Further, the water cooling system comprises a pipeline, and the pipeline is connected with the jacket of the pyrolysis reaction chamber and the water cooling bin of the rotating air chamber and then is connected with the deoxygenating water system.
Further, the pipeline is connected with a circulating water pump.
Further, the pipe is provided with a temperature measuring device.
Compared with the prior art, the pyrolysis reaction chamber of the device adopts a jacket structure, the water cooling system is connected in series with the jacket of the pyrolysis reaction chamber and the water cooling bin of the rotating air chamber, the pyrolysis reaction chamber and the rotating air chamber are both in a water cooling mode, the rotating air chamber is rotationally arranged at the bottom of the pyrolysis reaction chamber, the rotating mode is beneficial to discharging biomass carbon, the rotating air chamber comprises a plurality of water cooling bins, gaps between the adjacent water cooling bins form a primary air opening, gasified primary air enters the pyrolysis reaction chamber from the rotating air chamber to play a combustion supporting role, a plurality of pyrolysis reaction chamber nozzles of the secondary air/steam system are used as secondary air openings and steam interfaces, the heights of an oxidation layer and a reduction layer in the pyrolysis reaction chamber can be adjusted, the biomass raw materials can be fully pyrolyzed, and the pyrolysis reaction effect is ensured. The device has small occupied area and large treatment capacity, and can meet the on-site treatment requirements of agricultural and forestry wastes such as straw and fruit branches in the first-level rural areas of the general villages, towns and counties; has the characteristic of a distributed energy source, the device is suitable for solving the small energy consumption requirement of rural heating and medium and small industrial parks; biomass waste is used as a raw material, so that scattered coal and natural gas are replaced, and environmental pollution and carbon dioxide emission are reduced; the device has the characteristics of simple structure, low maintenance requirement, adoption of a water-cooling structure, few moving parts, few equipment fault points, capability of effectively improving the working environment of the equipment, improvement of the reliability of the equipment, stable operation, high thermal efficiency and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a second embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention;
wherein, 1 is pyrolysis reaction chamber, 2 is rotatory plenum, 3 is water-cooling system, 4 is overgrate air/steam system, 5 is explosion-proof equipment, 6 is temperature measuring device, 7 is pyrolysis reaction chamber nozzle, 8 is overgrate air/steam pipe, 9 is gas collection pipe, 10 is overgrate air mouth, 11 is steam interface, 12 is the feed inlet, 13 is circulating water pump.
Detailed Description
The present application will be further illustrated by the following description of the drawings and specific embodiments, wherein it is apparent that the embodiments described are some, but not all, of the embodiments of the application. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the application without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the application.
The invention provides a device for preparing mixed fuel gas and biomass carbon by biomass pyrolysis, which is a device for preparing mixed fuel gas and biomass carbon base fertilizer by on-site biomass pyrolysis, and particularly referring to fig. 1 and 2, the device comprises a pyrolysis reaction chamber 1, a rotary air chamber 2, a water cooling system 3 and a secondary air/steam system 4, wherein the pyrolysis reaction chamber 1 adopts a jacket structure, a feeding port 12 and a fuel gas collecting pipe 9 are arranged in the pyrolysis reaction chamber 1, the rotary air chamber 2 adopts a water cooling structure and comprises a plurality of water cooling bins, gaps between adjacent water cooling bins form a primary air port, the rotary air chamber 2 is rotatably arranged at the bottom of the pyrolysis reaction chamber 1, the water cooling system 3 is connected with the jacket of the pyrolysis reaction chamber 1 and the water cooling bins of the rotary air chamber 2 in series, the secondary air/steam system 4 comprises a secondary air/steam pipeline 8 and a plurality of pyrolysis reaction chamber nozzles 7 which are connected, the pyrolysis reaction chamber nozzles 7 are arranged near the bottom of the pyrolysis reaction chamber 1, one part of the pyrolysis reaction chamber nozzles 7 serves as a secondary air port 10, and the other part of the pyrolysis reaction chamber nozzles 7 serves as a steam interface 11.
The pyrolysis reaction chamber 1 of the device adopts a jacket structure, the water cooling system 3 is connected with the jacket of the pyrolysis reaction chamber 1 and the water cooling bin of the rotating air chamber 2 in series, the pyrolysis reaction chamber 1 and the rotating air chamber 2 are both in a water cooling mode, the rotating air chamber 2 is rotatably arranged at the bottom of the pyrolysis reaction chamber 1, the rotating mode is beneficial to discharging biomass carbon, the rotating air chamber 2 comprises a plurality of water cooling bins, gaps between the adjacent water cooling bins form a primary air opening, gasified primary air enters the pyrolysis reaction chamber 1 from the rotating air chamber 2 to play a combustion supporting role, a plurality of pyrolysis reaction chamber nozzles 7 of the secondary air/steam system 4 are used as secondary air openings 10 and steam interfaces 11, the heights of an oxidation layer and a reduction layer in the pyrolysis reaction chamber 1 can be adjusted, the biomass raw materials can be fully pyrolyzed, and the pyrolysis reaction effect is ensured.
Specifically, the pyrolysis reaction chamber 1 includes upper bin, middle bin and lower bin that set gradually along upper and lower direction, adopts the design of dividing the storehouse, and rotatory plenum 2 and overgrate air steam system 4 set up in the lower bin, and feed inlet 12 and gas collection pipe 9 set up in the upper bin. The pyrolysis reaction chamber 1 is a pyrolysis reaction place of biomass raw materials, the biomass raw materials in the pyrolysis reaction chamber 1 are divided into a drying layer, a pyrolysis layer, a reduction layer and an oxidation layer, biomass raw materials generate biomass mixed fuel gas in the reduction layer and the pyrolysis layer, the fuel gas rises to an upper bin position along the pyrolysis reaction chamber 1 to gather, and the biomass fuel gas enters an external fuel gas gathering pipeline 9 through a fuel gas outlet arranged in the upper bin and is led to combustion equipment. Preferably, an explosion-proof device 5 is arranged in the upper bin of the pyrolysis reaction chamber 1, and the explosion-proof device 5 adopts a physical water seal design, so that the safety is ensured.
Specifically, a plurality of water cooling bins of the rotary air chamber 2 are arranged in a layered mode, and a primary air opening is formed in a gap between each two layers of water cooling bins. The shape of the rotating air chamber 2 is a tooth-shaped structure. The rotating air chamber 2 is a rotating device, and the tooth-shaped design is used for discharging biomass carbon at the bottom of the pyrolysis reaction chamber 1. Meanwhile, the rotating air chambers 2 are arranged in a layered mode, the water cooling chambers are designed in a modular mode, and gasified primary air is led out from gaps among all layers of water cooling chambers.
Specifically, the water cooling system 3 comprises a pipeline and a circulating water pump 13 connected with the pipeline, and the pipeline is connected with a jacket of the pyrolysis reaction chamber 1 and a water cooling bin of the rotating air chamber 2 and then is connected with the deoxygenated water system. The cooling water flows through the jacket of the pyrolysis reaction chamber 1 and the water cooling bin of the rotating air chamber 2, and finally is connected into the deoxygenated water system. Preferably, the pipe is provided with a temperature measuring device 6, and the temperature fed back by the temperature measuring device 6 is used for adjusting the flow of the circulating water pump 13.
Specifically, the plurality of pyrolysis reaction chamber nozzles 7 of the secondary air/steam system 4 are arranged in layers in a lower chamber, wherein the upper layer is a secondary air port 10, and the lower layer is a steam port 11. The pyrolysis reaction chamber nozzles 7 are arranged independently in a layered manner, the upper layer is a secondary air port, the secondary air is from a gasification primary air branch, the lower layer is a steam interface 11, and the steam interface is connected with boiler steam or other steam generators.
Taking a 10 ton/hour system as an example, the embodiment of the invention occupies 1200 square meters of the floor area, can process 2.5 tons in one hour, provides 5700 cubic biomass fuel gas with the heat value of 1300 kilocalories, replaces 1060 tons of standard coal, and reduces 2544 tons of carbon dioxide emission.
The working principle of the invention is as follows:
Biomass raw materials enter a pyrolysis reaction chamber 1 through a top feeding port 12 of the pyrolysis device, the pyrolysis reaction chamber 1 is provided with a water seal explosion-proof device 5, and biomass fuel gas is led out through a fuel gas collecting pipe 9 and is sent to combustion equipment; the gasified primary air enters a bin at the lower part of the pyrolysis reaction chamber 1 from the rotating air chamber 2 to play a role in supporting combustion, and meanwhile, the rotation of the rotating air chamber 2 drives the output of biomass carbon, and secondary air/steam nozzles 7 which are arranged in a layered manner adjust the heights of an oxidation layer and a reduction layer in the gasification combustor. The water cooling system 3 is powered by a circulating water pump 13, is sent to the top of a jacket of an upper bin of the pyrolysis reaction chamber 1, passes through the jacket of the middle bin, is led to a water cooling bin of the rotating air chamber 2 by the jacket of a lower bin, is finally connected to a deoxygenated water system, and the circulating water pump 13 is controlled by the temperature fed back by the temperature measuring device 6.
The invention has the advantages that:
1) The invention has small occupied area and large treatment capacity, and can meet the on-site treatment requirements of agricultural and forestry wastes such as straw and fruit branches in the first-level rural areas of the general villages, towns and counties;
2) The system has the characteristic of distributed energy sources, and is suitable for solving the small energy consumption requirement of rural heating and small and medium-sized industrial parks;
3) The system takes biomass waste as a raw material, so that scattered coal and natural gas are replaced, and environmental pollution and carbon dioxide emission are reduced;
4) The system has simple structure and low maintenance requirement, the pyrolysis reaction chamber 1 and the rotating air chamber 2 are both in a water-cooling structure, the moving parts are few, the equipment fault points are few, the working environment of the equipment can be effectively improved, and the reliability of the equipment is improved;
5) The secondary air/steam nozzle 7 arranged in the lower bin of the pyrolysis reaction chamber 1 plays a role in adjusting the heights of an oxidation layer and a reduction layer, and has a certain adjusting effect on combustible components in biomass fuel gas;
6) The rotary air chamber 2 with the tooth-shaped design is beneficial to discharging biomass carbon in the rotation process, effectively avoids the generation of bridging problem of the biomass carbon at the bottom of the pyrolysis reaction chamber 1, and ensures continuous output of biomass fuel gas and biomass carbon.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and not for limiting the same; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some or all of the technical features thereof can be replaced with equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the technical solutions according to the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. The device for preparing the mixed fuel gas and the biomass carbon by biomass pyrolysis is characterized by comprising a pyrolysis reaction chamber (1), a rotating air chamber (2), a water cooling system (3) and a secondary air/steam system (4), wherein the pyrolysis reaction chamber (1) adopts a jacket structure, a feeding port (12) and a fuel gas collecting pipe (9) are arranged on the pyrolysis reaction chamber (1), the rotating air chamber (2) adopts a water cooling structure, the device comprises a plurality of water cooling bins, gaps between the adjacent water cooling bins form a primary air port, the rotating air chamber (2) is rotatably arranged at the bottom of the pyrolysis reaction chamber (1), the water cooling system (3) is connected with the jacket of the pyrolysis reaction chamber (1) and the water cooling bin of the rotating air chamber (2) in series, the secondary air/steam system (4) comprises a secondary air/steam pipeline (8) and a plurality of pyrolysis reaction chamber nozzles (7) which are connected, the pyrolysis reaction chamber nozzles (7) are arranged near the bottom of the pyrolysis reaction chamber (1), one part of the pyrolysis reaction chamber nozzles (7) is used as a secondary air port (10), and the other pyrolysis reaction chamber nozzle (7) is used as another pyrolysis reaction chamber (7); the pyrolysis reaction chamber (1) comprises an upper bin, a middle bin and a lower bin which are sequentially arranged along the up-down direction; the rotary air chamber (2) and the overgrate air/steam system (4) are arranged in the lower chamber, and the feed opening (12) and the fuel gas collecting pipe (9) are arranged in the upper chamber;
A plurality of pyrolysis reaction chamber nozzles (7) of the secondary air/steam system (4) are arranged in the lower bin in a layered manner, wherein the upper layer is the secondary air port (10), and the lower layer is the steam port (11); the water cooling bins of the rotating air chamber (2) are arranged in a layered mode, and gaps among the water cooling bins of each layer form a primary air opening; the shape of the rotating air chamber (2) is a tooth-shaped structure.
2. The device for preparing mixed fuel gas and biomass carbon by biomass pyrolysis according to claim 1, wherein the pyrolysis reaction chamber (1) is provided with an explosion-proof device (5).
3. The device for preparing mixed fuel gas and biomass carbon by biomass pyrolysis according to claim 1, wherein the water cooling system (3) comprises a pipeline, and the pipeline is connected with a jacket of the pyrolysis reaction chamber (1) and a water cooling bin of the rotating air chamber (2) and then is connected with an oxygen removal water system.
4. The device for preparing mixed fuel gas and biomass carbon by biomass pyrolysis according to claim 1, wherein the pipeline is connected with a circulating water pump (13).
5. The device for preparing mixed fuel gas and biomass carbon by biomass pyrolysis according to claim 4, characterized in that the pipeline is provided with a temperature measuring device (6).
CN202211081172.7A 2022-09-06 2022-09-06 Device for preparing mixed fuel gas and biomass carbon by biomass pyrolysis Active CN115386388B (en)

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