CN115386067B - 一种无溶剂厚涂型防火涂料用环氧树脂、制备方法及其应用 - Google Patents
一种无溶剂厚涂型防火涂料用环氧树脂、制备方法及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN115386067B CN115386067B CN202211039528.0A CN202211039528A CN115386067B CN 115386067 B CN115386067 B CN 115386067B CN 202211039528 A CN202211039528 A CN 202211039528A CN 115386067 B CN115386067 B CN 115386067B
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- epoxy resin
- solvent
- free thick
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- epoxy
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- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
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- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
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- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzyl alcohol Chemical compound OCC1=CC=CC=C1 WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 54
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 235000019445 benzyl alcohol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- PZBFGYYEXUXCOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N TCEP Chemical compound OC(=O)CCP(CCC(O)=O)CCC(O)=O PZBFGYYEXUXCOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- IBDMRHDXAQZJAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichlorophosphorylbenzene Chemical compound ClP(Cl)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 IBDMRHDXAQZJAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
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- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 claims description 4
- LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N haloperidol Chemical compound C1CC(O)(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)CCN1CCCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001588 bifunctional effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003700 epoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000325 methylidene group Chemical group [H]C([H])=* 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007142 ring opening reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- WVDDGKGOMKODPV-ZQBYOMGUSA-N phenyl(114C)methanol Chemical compound O[14CH2]C1=CC=CC=C1 WVDDGKGOMKODPV-ZQBYOMGUSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 8
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 8
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- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 31
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- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
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- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- BIKXLKXABVUSMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trizinc;diborate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]B([O-])[O-].[O-]B([O-])[O-] BIKXLKXABVUSMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- AGLSQWBSHDEAHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;boric acid Chemical compound N.OB(O)O AGLSQWBSHDEAHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
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- AHDSRXYHVZECER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,6-tris[(dimethylamino)methyl]phenol Chemical compound CN(C)CC1=CC(CN(C)C)=C(O)C(CN(C)C)=C1 AHDSRXYHVZECER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000004114 Ammonium polyphosphate Substances 0.000 description 7
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- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 description 6
- JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- HQUQLFOMPYWACS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate Chemical compound ClCCOP(=O)(OCCCl)OCCCl HQUQLFOMPYWACS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Aminoethan-1-ol Chemical compound NCCO HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 2
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- SNAAJJQQZSMGQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum magnesium Chemical compound [Mg].[Al] SNAAJJQQZSMGQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXKLMJQFEQBVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol F Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 PXKLMJQFEQBVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004359 castor oil Substances 0.000 description 2
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- ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N glycerol triricinoleate Natural products CCCCCC[C@@H](O)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@@H](O)CCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@H](O)CCCCCC ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- -1 phenolic amine Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- XFZRQAZGUOTJCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O.NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 XFZRQAZGUOTJCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XHXFXVLFKHQFAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoryl trichloride Chemical compound ClP(Cl)(Cl)=O XHXFXVLFKHQFAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N salicylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- VILCJCGEZXAXTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,2-tetramine Chemical compound NCCNCCNCCN VILCJCGEZXAXTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RPNUMPOLZDHAAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethylenetriamine Chemical compound NCCNCCN RPNUMPOLZDHAAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane Chemical compound CCC(CO)(CO)CO ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- DZHMRSPXDUUJER-UHFFFAOYSA-N [amino(hydroxy)methylidene]azanium;dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound NC(N)=O.OP(O)(O)=O DZHMRSPXDUUJER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- IMUDHTPIFIBORV-UHFFFAOYSA-N aminoethylpiperazine Chemical compound NCCN1CCNCC1 IMUDHTPIFIBORV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].OP(O)([O-])=O LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000387 ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004982 aromatic amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000008429 bread Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001680 brushing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- QGBSISYHAICWAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N dicyandiamide Chemical compound NC(N)=NC#N QGBSISYHAICWAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethanolamine Chemical compound OCCNCCO ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 1
- XXBDWLFCJWSEKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylbenzylamine Chemical compound CN(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 XXBDWLFCJWSEKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006012 monoammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
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- FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N papa-hydroxy-benzoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenol group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=C1)O ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVJYHZQHDMNONA-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O.NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1.NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 QVJYHZQHDMNONA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FQLQNUZHYYPPBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium;azane Chemical compound N.[K+] FQLQNUZHYYPPBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007665 sagging Methods 0.000 description 1
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- OBSZRRSYVTXPNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraphosphorus Chemical compound P12P3P1P32 OBSZRRSYVTXPNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- WYXIGTJNYDDFFH-UHFFFAOYSA-Q triazanium;borate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]B([O-])[O-] WYXIGTJNYDDFFH-UHFFFAOYSA-Q 0.000 description 1
- UNXRWKVEANCORM-UHFFFAOYSA-I triphosphate(5-) Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O UNXRWKVEANCORM-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G59/00—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule; Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups
- C08G59/18—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing
- C08G59/20—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing characterised by the epoxy compounds used
- C08G59/32—Epoxy compounds containing three or more epoxy groups
- C08G59/3254—Epoxy compounds containing three or more epoxy groups containing atoms other than carbon, hydrogen, oxygen or nitrogen
- C08G59/3272—Epoxy compounds containing three or more epoxy groups containing atoms other than carbon, hydrogen, oxygen or nitrogen containing phosphorus
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G59/00—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule; Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups
- C08G59/18—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing
- C08G59/40—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing characterised by the curing agents used
- C08G59/44—Amides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D163/00—Coating compositions based on epoxy resins; Coating compositions based on derivatives of epoxy resins
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
- C09D5/08—Anti-corrosive paints
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- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
- C09D5/18—Fireproof paints including high temperature resistant paints
- C09D5/185—Intumescent paints
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- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
- C09D7/40—Additives
- C09D7/45—Anti-settling agents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
- C09D7/40—Additives
- C09D7/60—Additives non-macromolecular
- C09D7/61—Additives non-macromolecular inorganic
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
- C09D7/40—Additives
- C09D7/70—Additives characterised by shape, e.g. fibres, flakes or microspheres
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G2150/00—Compositions for coatings
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/38—Boron-containing compounds
- C08K2003/387—Borates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2201/00—Properties
- C08L2201/02—Flame or fire retardant/resistant
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种无溶剂厚涂型防火涂料用环氧树脂,具有以下式(I)的通式结构,其在原有双酚A的基础上,引入了含有磷基团的结构,能够起到很好的化学阻燃作用,而且结构中引入分子量较高的韧性基团,能够显著提升树脂的韧性。利用本发明的环氧树脂制备的无溶剂厚涂型防火涂料,具有阻燃效果好、韧性好、不容易开裂的特点,而且官能度高、涂层致密,防火时形成的碳层结构强度高,不容易坍塌、分层脱落等。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于环氧树脂技术领域,具体涉及一种无溶剂厚涂型防火涂料用的环氧树脂及制备方法,以及此种树脂用于钢结构的无溶剂厚涂型防火涂料。
背景技术
钢结构通常在450~650℃温度中就会失去承载能力、发生很大的形变、导致钢柱、钢梁弯曲,结果因过大的形变而不能继续使用,一般不加保护的钢结构的耐火极限为15分钟左右,特别对于烃类着火时,温度会迅速升高到1000℃,而且会经常伴有爆炸冲击等,造成钢结构失去承重能力而发生坍塌,造成人员伤亡和财产损失等。
常用的防火涂料,特别是烃类防火涂料,常采用热固性树脂。其中优选地的是环氧树脂,环氧树脂具有优异的附着力,硬度,耐化学腐蚀和耐盐雾能力,特别是在发生火灾时,能够经受住火的冲击不容易脱落,保持防火特性。
然而,目前的防火涂料中使用较多的小分子磷阻燃剂,其与环氧的相容性较差,而且时间久以后容易从环氧中迁移出去,从而失去效果。除此之外,常用的环氧防火涂料为厚涂型,一次成膜厚度达到10-30mm,脆性较大,容易出现开裂等,另外为了保证阻燃时碳层的强度,往往需要树脂结构具备较强的刚性。
发明内容
为克服现有技术环氧树脂存在的缺陷,本发明的目的在于提供一种无溶剂厚涂型防火涂料用环氧树脂,所述无溶剂厚涂型环氧树脂的阻燃、强度和韧性均有显著改善,且厚涂时涂层不易出现开裂,而且在防火测试中,碳层几乎不出现分层脱落。
本发明的另一目的在于提供这种无溶剂厚涂型防火涂料用环氧树脂的制备方法。
本发明的再一目的在于提供这种无溶剂厚涂型防火涂料用环氧树脂用作防火涂料的用途。
为实现上述发明目的,本发明采用如下的技术方案:
一种无溶剂厚涂型防火涂料用环氧树脂,具有以下式(I)的通式结构:
其中,R1为醚键结构,其重复结构为10-100个C-O-C结构;R2为C2~C4的亚甲基,R3为双酚A结构;优选地,R1为20-60个C-O-C重复结构,R2为CH2CH2的亚甲基,R3选自含有1-3个双酚A的结构重复单元。
另一方面,一种前述的无溶剂厚涂型防火涂料用环氧树脂的制备方法,包括以下步骤;
S1、将苯膦酰二氯与二官能度多元醇反应,制备式(II)末端为羟基的化学中间体,然后紧接着加三(2-羧乙基)膦,形成式(III)末端为羧基结构的产物;
S2、将步骤S1的产物与环氧树脂加到一起,进行开环反应,通过控制反应的酸值,得到式(I)末端为环氧的产物。
在一个具体的实施方案中所述步骤S1具体为:按比例先将苯膦酰二氯加入到反应体系中,升温到40-50℃,加入适量三乙胺催化剂,然后滴加或者分批加入二官能度多元醇,0.5小时内加完后,升温到70-100℃,反应2-3小时后,加入三(2-羧乙基)膦,反应过程中进行分水操作,继续反应2-3小时后,进行分液操作,然后干燥得到式(III)结构的目标产物。
所述的苯膦酰二氯、二官能度多元醇和三(2-羧乙基)膦的摩尔比为1:(1-1.2):(0.8-1);
所述步骤S2具体为:将步骤S1的产物加入到反应体系中,然后苯甲醇做溶剂稀释(苯甲醇与S1的产物的重量比例为1:5)、搅拌溶解,升温到50℃,再滴加用苯甲醇混好的环氧树脂(苯甲醇与环氧树脂的重量比例为1:5),升温到100-120℃反应1-2小时后,测酸值,当酸值降低到100mg/g KOH时,降温得到式(I)结构的目标产物。
所述环氧树脂选自环氧值为0.54mol、0.51mol、0.44mol、0.20mol的商业化环氧树脂中的至少任一种。
所述步骤S2中所述的步骤S1的产物与环氧树脂的反应基团摩尔比为1:(1.5-2),即步骤S1的产物的羧基和环氧树脂的环氧基的摩尔比为1:(1.5-2)。
再一方面,一种前述的无溶剂厚涂型防火涂料用环氧树脂在无溶剂厚涂型环氧防火涂料中的应用。
一种双组分防火涂料,由包括前述无溶剂厚涂型防火涂料用环氧树脂的树脂A组分和固化剂B组分组成,包括如下重量份的组分:
A组分
B组分
环氧树脂本身的性能、配方组成以及制备工艺对于防火涂料日常要求的性能有着重要的影响。环氧防火涂料不仅要保证常规条件下的附着力,耐化学药品,耐盐雾以及使用寿命等,还要求涂层着火时,碳化涂层的附着力、碳层强度、残炭量等性能。本发明一方面采用含卤非常低的改性环氧树脂,降低环氧树脂的粘度,增加更多的阻燃填料,同时起到增韧环氧树脂的作用,另一方面在体系中添加防沉降和防垂流助剂提高涂料的储存稳定性和一次成膜厚度,添加不同长度的玻璃纤维来增强涂层的强度。本发明所制备的环氧涂料具有无溶剂、低粘度、交联密度高、附着力好、耐腐蚀强、抗水性强、耐化学药品、耐盐雾性能好的特点。
A组分中,所选的式(I)结构的环氧树脂为本发明式(I)结构的环氧树脂或者本发明方法制备的式(I)结构的环氧树脂。
另一所述的环氧树脂为常规的环氧树脂,例如选自双酚A型环氧树脂、双酚F型环氧树脂、丙烯酸改性环氧树脂、有机硅改性环氧树脂、聚氨酯改性环氧树脂、酚醛改性环氧树脂中的至少一种,作为优选地,选取成本和性能适中的双酚A类环氧树脂。
所述的增强剂选自无机纤维和有机纤维类,优选性能较好,成本适中的玻璃纤维,更优选地长径比在1000-5000的短切玻璃纤维。
所述的防火填料选自硼酸锌,氢氧化镁,氢氧化铝、硼酸胺中的至少一种。
所述的成炭剂选自季戊四醇、三羟基丙烷、丙三醇、小分子多元醇中的至少一种。
所述的催化剂选自聚磷酸胺、磷酸二氢铵、磷酸尿素、聚磷酸胺钾、三聚磷酸钾、磷酸三氰胺中的至少一种。
所述的防沉剂选自气相二氧化硅、膨润土、高岭土、氢化蓖麻油、粉体聚酰胺蜡,纤维素、硅酸镁铝中至少一种。
B组分中,所述的固化剂选自聚酰胺、酚醛胺、乙二胺、二乙烯三安、三乙烯四胺、芳香胺、脂环胺中的至少一种。
所述的固化促进剂选自三乙醇胺、二乙醇胺、乙醇胺、三-(二甲胺基甲基)苯酚(DMP30)、苄基二甲胺、三乙胺、氨乙基哌嗪、水杨酸中的至少一种。
所述的防火填料选自硼酸锌,氢氧化镁,氢氧化铝、硼酸胺中的至少一种。
所述的增强剂选自无机纤维和有机纤维类,优选性能较好,成本适中的玻璃纤维,更优选地长径比在1000-2500的短切玻璃纤维。
所述的发泡剂选自三聚氰胺、双氰胺、三聚氰胺的磷酸盐、磷酸三氰胺、磷酸双三聚氰胺中的至少一种。
所述的防沉剂选自气相二氧化硅、膨润土、高岭土、氢化蓖麻油、粉体聚酰胺蜡,纤维素、硅酸镁铝中至少一种。
本发明的无溶剂厚涂型环氧防火涂料的制备方法,具体包括以下步骤:
A组分制备方法为:将环氧树脂、式(I)结构的环氧树脂以及增强剂加入到反应釜中,用转速1500-2000rpm/min打料0.5-1小时,打散增强剂,然后加入防火填料、成炭剂、催化剂后,然后打样,打样1小时后,加入防沉剂,继续打样升温到55-65℃,维持此温度0.5小时后,出料包装。
B组分制备方法为:将固化剂、固化促进剂以及增强剂加入到反应釜中,用转速1500-2000rpm/min打料0.5-1小时,打散增强剂,然后加入防火填料、发泡剂后,继续打样,打样1小时后,加入防沉剂,继续打样升温到55-65℃,维持此温度0.5小时后,出料包装。
本发明的防火涂料在使用时,将A,B组分混合使用,可以采用喷涂、刷涂、馒涂的方法进行施工。
本发明制备无溶剂厚涂型防火涂料,不含有可挥发性有机物,而且具有优良的储存稳定性和一次成膜厚度较高的优点,制备出的涂层具有优秀的耐酸性、耐碱性、耐水性、耐老化以及耐盐雾等性能,特别适用于一些大气中盐雾成分中比较高、环境比较恶劣的环境上的钢结构的防护。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下有益效果:
本发明采用含磷酰氯的分子与低分子量的双官能度的多元醇反应,制备出末端为羟基的中间体,然后用三(2-羧乙基)膦进行单个封端,制备两个末端各有两个羧基的中间体,再与环氧开环,制备得到末端含有四个环氧基团的含磷的环氧树脂,以此环氧树脂作为防火涂料的树脂,制备无溶剂厚涂型防火涂料。通过化学接枝的方式在树脂结构中引入磷元素,能够避免物理添加带来的迁移问题,而且配合环氧胺类固化剂,能够很好的起到磷-氮协同阻燃的作用,除此之外,在环氧结构上引入韧性的多重复单元的醚键结构,能够显著改善环氧树脂的刚性,避免厚涂层带来的开裂问题,并且有助于降低或阻止防火阻燃时形成的碳层分层脱离基体的问题。
具体实施方式
为了更好的理解本发明的技术方案,下面的实施例将对本发明所提供的方法予以进一步的说明,但本发明不限于所列出的实施例,还应包括在本发明的权利要求范围内其他任何公知的改变。
主要原料来源:
环氧树脂E51购自陶氏化学;
短切丝玻璃纤维购自泰山玻纤;
硼酸锌和硼酸铵购自昆山升恒化学材料有限公司;
季戊四醇购自湖北宜化;
聚磷酸铵购自美国PAG;
高岭土购自巴斯夫;
气相二氧化硅A200购自赢创;
聚酰胺650购自江苏三木;
三聚氰胺购自沧州大化;
三-(二甲胺基甲基)苯酚购自江苏德泓新材料。
实施例1
一种改性环氧树脂的制备:
所选用的原材料为苯膦酰二氯、二官能度多元醇选自R1重复单元C-O-C为20个重复单元,三(2-羧乙基)膦的摩尔比为1:1:0.8;
步骤S1的反应条件为按照上述配比先将1mol的苯膦酰二氯加入到反应瓶中,升温到40℃,加入适量三乙胺催化剂,然后滴加或者分批加入1.1mol的二官能度多元醇,0.5小时加完后,升温到70℃,反应2小时后,加入0.9mol的三(2-羧乙基)膦,反应过程中进行分水操作,继续反应3小时后,进行分液操作,干燥得到目标产物式III。
然后选自S1的产物与商业化的E51环氧树脂按照反应基团摩尔比为1:1.5进行反应;
步骤S2的反应条件为将S1加入到反应瓶中,然后加入S1重量的1/5的苯甲醇做溶剂稀释剂进行搅拌溶解,升温到50℃,再滴加用苯甲醇混好的环氧树脂E51(苯甲醇与环氧树脂的重量比例为1:5),升温到100℃反应1小时后,测酸值,当酸值降低到100mg/g KOH时,降温得到式(I)结构的目标产物。
进一步制备一种无溶剂厚涂型环氧树脂防火涂料,组分如下:
A组分
B组分
本实施例玻璃纤维选择长度为10mm,长径比为1000的短切玻璃纤维。
无溶剂厚涂型环氧防火涂料制备方法:
A组分制备方法为:将环氧树脂E54、改性环氧树脂、氯化石蜡、三(氯乙基)磷酸酯以及玻璃纤维加入到反应釜中,用转速1800rpm/min打料0.8小时,打散玻璃纤维,然后加入硼酸锌、硼酸胺、聚磷酸铵、季戊四醇后,然后打样,打样1小时后,加入高岭土、气相二氧化硅,继续打样升温到60℃,维持此温度0.5小时后,出料包装。
B组分制备方法为:将聚酰胺650、DMP30以及玻璃纤维加入到反应釜中,用转速2000rpm/min打料0.5小时,打散玻璃纤维,然后加入硼酸锌、硼酸胺、三聚氰胺后,继续打样,打样1小时后,加入高岭土、气相二氧化硅,继续打样升温到65℃,维持此温度0.5小时后,出料包装。
A/B重量混合比例为2/1,制备的性能如表1所示。
实施例2
一种改性环氧树脂的制备:
所选用的原材料为苯膦酰二氯、二官能度多元醇选自R1重复单元C-O-C约为40个重复单元,三(2-羧乙基)膦的摩尔比为1:1.2:1;
步骤S1的反应条件为按照上述配比先将1mol的苯膦酰二氯加入到反应瓶中,升温到40℃,加入适量三乙胺催化剂,然后滴加或者分批加入1.1mol的二官能度多元醇,0.5小时加完后,升温到90℃,反应2.5小时后,加入0.9mol的三(2-羧乙基)膦,反应过程中进行分水操作,继续反应2.5小时后,进行分液操作,干燥得到目标产物式III。
然后选自S1的产物与商业化的E51环氧树脂按照摩尔比为1:1.5进行反应;
步骤S2的反应条件为将S1加入到反应瓶中,然后加入S1重量的1/5的苯甲醇做溶剂稀释剂进行搅拌溶解,升温到50℃,再滴加用苯甲醇混好的环氧树脂E51(苯甲醇与环氧树脂的重量比例为1:5),升温到110℃反应1.5小时后,测酸值,当酸值降低到100mg/g KOH时,降温得到式(I)结构的目标产物。
进一步制备了一种无溶剂厚涂型环氧树脂防火涂料,组分如下:
A组分
B组分
本实施例玻璃纤维选择长度为10mm,长径比为1000的短切玻璃纤维。
无溶剂厚涂型环氧防火涂料制备方法:
A组分制备方法为:将环氧树脂E51、改性环氧树脂、氯化石蜡、三(氯乙基)磷酸酯以及玻璃纤维加入到反应釜中,用转速1800rpm/min打料0.8小时,打散玻璃纤维,然后加入硼酸锌、硼酸胺、聚磷酸铵、季戊四醇后,然后打样,打样1小时后,加入高岭土、气相二氧化硅,继续打样升温到60℃,维持此温度0.5小时后,出料包装。
B组分制备方法为:将聚酰胺650、DMP30以及玻璃纤维加入到反应釜中,用转速2000rpm/min打料0.5小时,打散玻璃纤维,然后加入硼酸锌、硼酸胺、三聚氰胺后,继续打样,打样1小时后,加入高岭土、气相二氧化硅,继续打样升温到65℃,维持此温度0.5小时后,出料包装。
A/B重量混合比例为2/1,制备的性能如表1所示。
实施例3
一种改性环氧树脂的制备:
所选用的原材料为苯膦酰二氯、二官能度多元醇选自R2重复单元C-O-C约为100个重复单元,三(2-羧乙基)膦的摩尔比为1:1.2:1;
步骤S1的反应条件为按照上述配比先将1mol的苯膦酰二氯加入到反应瓶中中,升温到40℃,加入适量三乙胺催化剂,然后滴加或者分批加入1.1mol的二官能度多元醇,0.5小时加完后,升温到100℃,反应3小时后,加入0.9mol的三(2-羧乙基)膦,反应过程中进行分水操作,继续反应2小时后,进行分液操作,干燥得到目标产物式III。
然后选自S1的产物与商业化的E51环氧树脂按照摩尔比为1:2进行反应;
步骤S2的反应条件为将S1加入到反应瓶中,然后加入S1重量的1/5的苯甲醇做溶剂稀释剂进行搅拌溶解,升温到50℃,再滴加用苯甲醇混好的环氧树脂E51(苯甲醇与环氧树脂的重量比例为1:5),升温到120℃反应2小时后,测酸值,当酸值降低到100mg/g KOH时,降温得到式(I)结构的目标产物。进一步制备一种无溶剂厚涂型环氧树脂防火涂料,组分如下:
A组分
B组分
本实施例玻璃纤维选择长度为10mm,长径比为1000的短切玻璃纤维。
无溶剂厚涂型环氧防火涂料制备方法:
A组分制备方法为:将环氧树脂E44、改性环氧树脂、氯化石蜡、三(氯乙基)磷酸酯以及玻璃纤维加入到反应釜中,用转速1800rpm/min打料0.8小时,打散玻璃纤维,然后加入硼酸锌、硼酸胺、聚磷酸铵、季戊四醇后,然后打样,打样1小时后,加入高岭土、气相二氧化硅,继续打样升温到60℃,维持此温度0.5小时后,出料包装。
B组分制备方法为:将聚酰胺650、DMP30以及玻璃纤维加入到反应釜中,用转速2000rpm/min打料0.5小时,打散玻璃纤维,然后加入硼酸锌、硼酸胺、三聚氰胺后,继续打样,打样1小时后,加入高岭土、气相二氧化硅,继续打样升温到65℃,维持此温度0.5小时后,出料包装。
A/B重量混合比例为2/1,制备的性能如表1所示。
对比例1
与实施2相比,将改性的式(I)结构的环氧树脂替换为环氧树脂E51,其他条件完全相同,制备的性能如表1所示。
A组分
B组分
本实施例玻璃纤维选择长度为10mm,长径比为1000的短切玻璃纤维。
无溶剂厚涂型环氧防火涂料制备方法:
A组分制备方法为:将环氧树脂E51、氯化石蜡、三(氯乙基)磷酸酯以及玻璃纤维加入到反应釜中,用转速1800rpm/min打料0.8小时,打散玻璃纤维,然后加入硼酸锌、硼酸胺、聚磷酸铵、季戊四醇后,然后打样,打样1小时后,加入高岭土、气相二氧化硅,继续打样升温到60℃,维持此温度0.5小时后,出料包装。
B组分制备方法为:将聚酰胺650、DMP30以及玻璃纤维加入到反应釜中,用转速2000rpm/min打料0.5小时,打散玻璃纤维,然后加入硼酸锌、硼酸胺、三聚氰胺后,继续打样,打样1小时后,加入高岭土、气相二氧化硅,继续打样升温到65℃,维持此温度0.5小时后,出料包装。
A/B重量混合比例为2/1,制备的性能如表1所示。
表1防火涂料性能测试表
由此可见,通过实施例与对比例比较来看,实施例中改性环氧环氧随着柔性基团的增加,涂层的柔韧性得到提升,这说明改性后的环氧树脂能够显著提升涂层的柔韧性,而且涂层经过防火测试后,其防火阻燃效果较好,碳层均没有出现大面积的脱落分层情况,而对比例中没有加入改性的环氧树脂,其柔韧性较差,而且防火测试后,碳层出现脱落。与普通含磷阻燃剂加入到体系中相比,避免了物理添加阻燃剂影响树脂韧性的问题,相反还对环氧防火体系进行增韧,改变涂层本身韧性及防火时碳层韧性强度。
尽管本发明的内容已经通过上述优选实施例作了详细介绍,但应当认识到上述的描述不应被认为是对本发明的限制。本领域技术人员可以理解,在本说明书的教导之下,可对本发明做出一些修改或调整。这些修改或调整也应当在本发明权利要求所限定的范围之内。
Claims (12)
1.一种无溶剂厚涂型防火涂料用环氧树脂,其特征在于,具有以下式(I)的通式结构:
其中,R1为醚键结构,其重复结构为10-100个C-O-C结构;R2为CH2CH2的亚甲基,R3为双酚A结构。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种无溶剂厚涂型防火涂料用环氧树脂,其特征在于,R1为20-60个C-O-C重复结构,R3选自含有1-3个双酚A的结构重复单元。
3.权利要求1或2所述的一种无溶剂厚涂型防火涂料用环氧树脂的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
S1、将苯膦酰二氯与二官能度多元醇反应,制备式(II)末端为羟基的化学中间体,然后紧接着加三(2-羧乙基)膦,形成式(III)末端为羧基结构的产物;
S2、将步骤S1的产物与环氧树脂加到一起,进行开环反应,通过控制反应的酸值,得到式(I)末端为环氧的产物。
4.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤S1中,所述的苯膦酰二氯、二官能度多元醇和三(2-羧乙基)膦的摩尔比为1:(1-1.2):(0.8-1)。
5.根据权利要求3或4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤S1具体为:按比例先将苯膦酰二氯加入到反应体系中,升温到40-50℃,加入适量三乙胺催化剂,然后滴加或者分批加入二官能度多元醇,0.5小时内加完后,升温到70-100℃,反应2-3小时后,加入三(2-羧乙基)膦,反应过程中进行分水操作,继续反应2-3小时后,进行分液操作,然后干燥得到式(III)结构的目标产物。
6.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,所述环氧树脂选自环氧值为0.54mol、0.51mol、0.44mol、0.20mol的商业化环氧树脂中的至少任一种。
7.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤S2中所述的步骤S1的产物与环氧树脂的环氧基团摩尔比为1:(1.5-2)。
8.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤S2具体为:将步骤S1的产物加入到反应体系中,然后加入苯甲醇做溶剂稀释、搅拌溶解,升温到50℃,再滴加用苯甲醇混好的环氧树脂,升温到100-120℃反应1-2小时后,测酸值,当酸值降低到100mg/g KOH时,降温得到式(I)结构的目标产物。
9.根据权利要求8所述的制备方法,其特征在于,加入苯甲醇做溶剂稀释的苯甲醇与S1的产物的重量比例为1:5;用苯甲醇混好的环氧树脂中苯甲醇与环氧树脂的重量比例为1:5。
10.权利要求1或2所述的一种无溶剂厚涂型防火涂料用环氧树脂在无溶剂厚涂型环氧防火涂料中的应用。
11.一种双组分防火涂料,其特征在于,由包含权利要求1或2所述的无溶剂厚涂型防火涂料用环氧树脂或权利要求3-9任一项所述方法制备的无溶剂厚涂型防火涂料用环氧树脂的树脂A组分和固化剂B组分组成,包括如下重量份的组分:
A组分
B组分
12.根据权利要求11所述的一种双组分防火涂料,其特征在于,式(I)结构的环氧树脂为10-20份。
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