CN115385645B - High-performance autoclaved aerated concrete plate, preparation method thereof and building - Google Patents
High-performance autoclaved aerated concrete plate, preparation method thereof and building Download PDFInfo
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- CN115385645B CN115385645B CN202211139864.2A CN202211139864A CN115385645B CN 115385645 B CN115385645 B CN 115385645B CN 202211139864 A CN202211139864 A CN 202211139864A CN 115385645 B CN115385645 B CN 115385645B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/14—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing calcium sulfate cements
- C04B28/142—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing calcium sulfate cements containing synthetic or waste calcium sulfate cements
- C04B28/144—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing calcium sulfate cements containing synthetic or waste calcium sulfate cements the synthetic calcium sulfate being a flue gas desulfurization product
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B22/00—Use of inorganic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. accelerators, shrinkage compensating agents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/50—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
Abstract
The disclosure provides a high-performance autoclaved aerated concrete plate, a preparation method thereof and a building, and relates to the technical field of building materials. The high-performance autoclaved aerated concrete plate comprises the following components in parts by mass: 72-80 parts of solid waste materials, 7-13 parts of cement, 7-13 parts of lime, 0.2-2 parts of water reducer, 0.02-0.08 part of aluminum powder paste and 0.1-1 part of crystal nucleus inducer. Wherein the solid waste material comprises tail mud, tail sand, slag and desulfurized gypsum; the crystal nucleus inducer is used for promoting other substances to crystallize in the hydrothermal synthesis reaction process to form tobermorite. The high-performance autoclaved aerated concrete slab disclosed by the invention improves the strength of autoclaved aerated concrete and meets the requirements for improving the flowability and mechanical properties of autoclaved aerated concrete.
Description
Technical Field
The disclosure relates to the technical field of building materials, in particular to a high-performance autoclaved aerated concrete plate, a preparation method thereof and a building.
Background
The autoclaved aerated concrete slab is a novel wall material, is produced by taking a calcareous material and a siliceous material as main raw materials through preparation procedures such as pouring, autoclaved curing and the like, and has the advantages of light weight, heat preservation, heat insulation, sound insulation, noise reduction and the like.
However, the autoclaved aerated concrete products in the related art have low strength and poor toughness, are easy to be subjected to edge and corner breakage in the preparation process, are only limited to the application of inner partition walls at present, and are greatly limited in the aspect of building panels.
Disclosure of Invention
The disclosure provides a high-performance autoclaved aerated concrete plate, a preparation method thereof and a building, and can solve the problems of low strength and poor toughness of the autoclaved aerated concrete plate.
The technical scheme is as follows:
in one aspect, a high-performance autoclaved aerated concrete plate is provided, and comprises the following components in parts by mass: 72-80 parts of solid waste materials, 7-13 parts of cement, 7-13 parts of lime, 0.2-2 parts of water reducer, 0.02-0.08 part of aluminum powder paste and 0.1-1 part of crystal nucleus inducer.
Wherein the solid waste material comprises tail mud, tail sand, slag and desulfurized gypsum; the crystal nucleus inducer is used for promoting other substances to crystallize in the hydrothermal synthesis reaction process to form tobermorite.
In some embodiments, the nucleation inducing agent comprises a hydrated calcium silicate nanocrystal nucleating agent, wherein the molar ratio of elemental calcium to elemental silicon is 5:6.
In some embodiments, the high-performance autoclaved aerated concrete slab further comprises 0.1-2 parts of reinforcing fiber powder, wherein the reinforcing fiber powder is prepared by mixing basalt fiber powder, glass fiber powder and carbon fiber powder according to the mass ratio of 1 (0.1-0.5) (0.1-1).
In some embodiments, the basalt fiber powder, the glass fiber powder, and the carbon fiber powder have fiber sizes ranging from 0.5 to 1mm.
In some embodiments, the high performance autoclaved aerated concrete slab further comprises 1.5-5 parts of a toughening agent; the toughening agent comprises hot melt adhesive powder, polysiloxane-polyalkoxy ether copolymer and silane coupling agent which are mixed according to the mass ratio of (0.1-5) to (0.1-5).
In some embodiments, the hot melt adhesive powder comprises polyurethane hot melt adhesive powder, copolyamide hot melt adhesive powder and copolyester hot melt adhesive powder mixed according to the mass ratio of 1 (0.5-5) (0.1-5).
In some embodiments, a mesh cage is embedded in the high-performance autoclaved aerated concrete slab, the mesh cage comprises two mesh bodies and a reinforcement body, the two mesh bodies are arranged in parallel and at intervals, and the reinforcement body is positioned between the two mesh bodies;
at least one of the net sheet body and the reinforcement body adopts a composite thread reinforcement material, and the material of the composite thread reinforcement material comprises a fiber material and a resin material.
In another aspect, a method of making is provided that is suitable for making the high performance autoclaved aerated concrete panels of the present disclosure;
the preparation method comprises the following steps:
wet-milling the solid waste material to prepare solid waste slurry;
adding the water reducer and the crystal nucleus inducer into the solid waste slurry according to the mass parts, and stirring for 30-40s; adding the cement, the lime and the aluminum powder paste into the solid waste slurry according to the mass parts, and stirring for 30-40s to form slurry;
pouring the pouring slurry into a mold;
burying a net cage into the mould, and immersing the net cage into the pouring slurry;
standing the pouring slurry in a constant temperature environment to generate gas for initial setting, and obtaining a plate blank body after a set time;
demolding, processing and shaping the plate blank body to obtain a semi-finished product blank body;
and carrying out constant-temperature autoclaved curing on the semi-finished product blank to obtain the high-performance autoclaved aerated concrete plate.
In some embodiments, the performing the constant temperature autoclaved curing on the semi-finished blank includes:
placing the semi-finished product blank into an autoclave;
vacuumizing the autoclave;
injecting steam into the autoclave;
maintaining the air pressure and temperature conditions in the autoclave;
after the set time, controlling the steam discharge of the autoclave;
and finishing the semi-finished blank body constant-temperature autoclaved curing.
In another aspect, a building is provided comprising the high performance autoclaved aerated concrete panel of the present disclosure.
The beneficial effects that this disclosure provided technical scheme brought include at least:
according to the high-performance autoclaved aerated concrete slab disclosed by the invention, the crystal nucleus inducer is doped, so that the crystal nucleus inducer can be used for reducing the nucleation barrier for forming tobermorite crystals in the hydrothermal reaction process of autoclaved aerated concrete, the formation of tobermorite is promoted, the crystallization conversion rate is improved, the strength of the autoclaved aerated concrete is improved, and the requirements for improving the flowability and mechanical properties of the autoclaved aerated concrete are met.
Detailed Description
The implementations described in the following exemplary examples are not representative of all implementations consistent with the present disclosure. Rather, they are merely examples of apparatus and methods consistent with some aspects of the present disclosure as detailed in the accompanying claims.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical terms used in the embodiments of the present disclosure have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art.
In the related art, aiming at the problems of low strength and poor toughness of autoclaved aerated concrete slabs, one scheme is to configure corresponding steel bar trusses in the aerated concrete to form an integrated high-strength slab, so that the requirement of the bearing performance of a floor slab is met, but only the internal steel bar trusses are changed, and the performance of the concrete is not improved. In addition, in the scheme, the problem that the plate is easy to crack can be caused due to the large expansion coefficient of the steel bars.
The other proposal is to replace part of ordinary silicate cement by alkali-activated cement to strengthen the toughness of autoclaved aerated concrete, but the actual verification proves that the plate adopting the proposal has very little toughness improvement effect and still can not solve the problems of low strength and poor toughness of autoclaved aerated concrete plates.
Therefore, the high-performance autoclaved aerated concrete slab provided by the disclosure can promote the formation of tobermorite and improve the crystallization conversion rate, so that the strength of autoclaved aerated concrete is improved, and the requirements for improving the flowability and mechanical properties of autoclaved aerated concrete are met.
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present disclosure more apparent, the embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in further detail with reference to examples.
In one aspect, the embodiment provides a high-performance autoclaved aerated concrete plate, which comprises the following components in parts by mass:
72-80 parts of solid waste materials, 7-13 parts of cement, 7-13 parts of lime, 0.2-2 parts of water reducer, 0.02-0.08 part of aluminum powder paste and 0.1-1 part of crystal nucleus inducer.
Wherein the solid waste material comprises tail mud, tail sand, slag and desulfurized gypsum; the crystal nucleus inducer is used for promoting other substances to crystallize in the hydrothermal synthesis reaction process to form tobermorite.
According to the high-performance autoclaved aerated concrete slab, the crystal nucleus inducer is doped, so that the crystal nucleus inducer can be used for reducing the nucleation barrier of tobermorite crystals formed in the hydrothermal reaction process of autoclaved aerated concrete, the formation of tobermorite is promoted, the crystallization conversion rate is improved, the strength of the autoclaved aerated concrete is improved, and the requirements for improving the flowability and mechanical properties of the autoclaved aerated concrete are met.
In this embodiment, tobermorite (Tobermorite) is a hydrated calcium silicate mineral, which has the characteristics of layered structure, low density and light weight, contains a microporous structure with strong adsorption capacity, and has a positive effect on the strength of autoclaved aerated concrete materials.
The crystal nucleus inducer is used for improving the crystallization forming rate of the tobermorite, and is beneficial to improving the component content of the tobermorite in the autoclaved aerated concrete slab, so that the strength of the autoclaved aerated concrete material can be greatly enhanced.
In some possible implementations, the mass part ratio of the tail mud, the tail sand, the slag and the desulfurized gypsum in the solid waste material is (1-1.5): (1-1.5): (0.3-0.6): (0.2-0.5). The high-performance autoclaved aerated concrete slab has the solid waste material mixing amount of 72-80%, is beneficial to fully utilizing the waste material, promotes the recycling of the solid waste material, and can greatly reduce the raw material cost.
Optionally, in the autoclaved aerated concrete slab disclosed by the disclosure, the tail mud is an industrial byproduct in the exploitation process of quartz sand ore, the grain size is 0.01-0.3mm, and the SiO therein 2 The content of Al is more than or equal to 85 percent 2 O 3 The content of Fe is less than or equal to 15 percent 2 O 3 The content of (2%) is less than or equal to 2%.
The tailing is an industrial byproduct in the quartz ore exploitation process, the grain size is 0.01-0.5mm, and the SiO therein 2 The content of Al is more than or equal to 75 percent 2 O 3 The content of Fe is less than or equal to 1 percent 2 O 3 The content of (2%) is less than or equal to 2%.
The slag is the slag of the furnace bottom of the coal-fired power plant, the grain diameter is 0.5-50mm, and the SiO therein 2 The content of (2) is more than or equal to 50%, the content of CaO is more than or equal to 15%, al 2 O 3 The content of Fe is less than or equal to 8 percent 2 O 3 The content of (2) is less than or equal to 6 percent.
The desulfurized gypsum belongs to one of the solid wastes of the coal-fired power plant and comprises the main component of CaSO 4 ·2H 2 O。
The cement is P.O 425 ordinary silicate cement or P.II 525 silicate cement meeting the requirements of general silicate cement GB/T175-2020, wherein the content of calcium silicate mineral is more than or equal to 66 percent, and CaO and SiO 2 The mass ratio is more than or equal to 2.0.
Lime is lime powder after crushing and grinding treatment, the particle diameter is 20-25% of 80um screen residue, the effective calcium is not less than 75%, the digestion rate is 5-15min, and the digestion temperature is 70-100 ℃.
The aluminum powder paste is mainly used as a gas generating material and is commonly used in the industry, the solid content is more than or equal to 65%, and the aluminum content in solid matters is more than 90%. The aluminum powder paste is exemplified by an oil-type aluminum powder paste with the code of GLY-75 or GLY-65 and an aqueous aluminum powder paste with the code of GLS-70 or GLS-65 which meet the requirements of JC/T407-2000 of aluminum powder paste for aerated concrete.
The aluminum powder in the aluminum powder paste can react with silicon dioxide and quicklime to release gas, so that the produced concrete block forms a porous structure, and the produced autoclaved aerated concrete slab has the general weight of 500-700kg/m 3 The weight of the concrete is reduced by more than 40% compared with the weight of the concrete structure building of the common brick. In addition, the autoclaved aerated concrete plate also has the advantages of good sound insulation effect, strong shock resistance, good heat preservation effect and the like.
Another exemplary water reducer is a polycarboxylate water reducer, which is prepared by grafting polyethers with different side chain lengths by taking acrylic acid or methacrylic acid as a main chain, and meets the standard required by the polycarboxylate high-performance water reducer JG/T223-2007, wherein the water reduction rate is more than or equal to 25% and the bleeding rate is less than or equal to 60%.
In some embodiments, the nucleation inducing agent comprises a hydrated calcium silicate nanocrystal nucleating agent, wherein the molar ratio of elemental calcium to elemental silicon is 5:6.
Illustratively, the hydrated calcium silicate nanocrystal core agent is micropowder containing nanometer tobermorite crystal nucleus, a crystal nucleus inducer is utilized to reduce a nucleation barrier for forming tobermorite crystals in the hydrothermal synthesis reaction process of autoclaved aerated concrete, and the crystallization conversion rate is improved.
In some possible implementations, the nucleus inducer is prepared as follows: adding 0.2-0.5mol/L calcium gluconate aqueous solution and 0.1-0.3mol/L water glass solution into a reaction vessel, mixing and stirring uniformly, adjusting the pH value to 10-14 by using sodium hydroxide solution, carrying out stirring pre-reaction for 0.5-2 h by using a high-speed dispersing machine under the water bath condition of 45-55 ℃, transferring the pre-reaction product in the reaction vessel into a small steam curing kettle after the reaction is completed, carrying out hydrothermal synthesis reaction for 4-6h at the constant temperature of about 200 ℃ under the pressure of 1.2-1.3MPa, and carrying out suction filtration, drying and grinding to obtain the hydrated calcium silicate nano-crystal nucleus agent.
When the hydrated calcium silicate nanocrystal core agent is prepared, the aqueous solution of the calcium source and the aqueous solution of the silicon source are mixed according to a specific molar ratio and under specific temperature and pH conditions, and stirring reaction is carried out, so that the purity of the raw materials is high, the agglomeration of the hydrated calcium silicate nanocrystal core can be reduced on the premise of greatly improving the nucleation rate of the hydrated calcium silicate nanocrystal core agent, and the preparation method is suitable for large-scale production.
By utilizing the hydrated calcium silicate nanocrystal core agent, the intermediate product in the preparation process is hydrated calcium silicate gel, so that the finally obtained hydrated calcium silicate nanocrystal core agent contains a large number of nanometer tobermorite crystal cores, is easier to nucleate when being used for preparing autoclaved aerated concrete, can greatly reduce the tobermorite nucleation barrier, improves the strength of the autoclaved aerated concrete, and meets the requirements for improving the flow property and mechanical property of the autoclaved aerated concrete.
In some embodiments, the high-performance autoclaved aerated concrete slab further comprises 0.1-2 parts of reinforcing fiber powder, wherein the reinforcing fiber powder is mixed with basalt fiber powder, glass fiber powder and carbon fiber powder according to the mass ratio of 1 (0.1-0.5) (0.1-1).
The reinforcing fiber powder can enhance the strength and toughness of the autoclaved aerated concrete body by utilizing the fiber characteristics of the reinforcing fiber powder. The basalt fiber powder and the glass fiber powder both contain high-content silicon dioxide components, the surface layer of the basalt fiber powder and the glass fiber powder can partially participate in the silicon-calcium hydrothermal synthesis reaction in the autoclaved aerated concrete plate autoclaved curing process, the integrity between the reinforced fiber and the autoclaved aerated concrete plate is further realized, and the reinforcing effect is further improved.
In some embodiments, the fiber sizes of basalt fiber powder, glass fiber powder and carbon fiber powder are in the range of 0.5-1mm, so as to avoid the problems of large surface of the cut steel wire embossed plate or easy breakage of steel wires in the cutting section caused by the doping of long fibers. Alternatively, commercial basalt fiber, glass fiber and carbon fiber with the size of 3-5mm are subjected to secondary ball milling for 5-30 minutes by a dry ball mill so as to shorten the fiber size to 0.5-1mm.
In some embodiments, the high performance autoclaved aerated concrete slab further comprises 1.5-5 parts of a toughening agent; the toughening agent comprises hot melt adhesive powder, polysiloxane-polyalkoxy ether copolymer and silane coupling agent which are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1 (0.1-5).
The hot melt adhesive powder is added during the batching, the grain diameter is close to that of the fine ground silica sand and the like, and the mixture is used as common inert aggregate below the melting temperature; in the autoclaved aerated process, the ambient temperature exceeds the melting temperature, so that the hot melt adhesive powder is melted, a toughening film layer is formed inside the plate after the temperature is reduced, and the autoclaved aerated concrete is restrained by the high elastic modulus of the hot melt adhesive powder to effectively delay and prevent the occurrence and the expansion of cracks.
The polysiloxane-polyalkoxyl ether copolymer can play roles in homogenizing the cell size and reducing the occurrence of the phenomenon of stringing in the initiating process, so that the strength of autoclaved aerated concrete is improved.
The silane coupling agent has the function of further improving cohesive force between organic and inorganic phases in the plate and bond strength between the autoclaved aerated concrete body and the net cage.
In some embodiments, the hot melt adhesive powder comprises polyurethane hot melt adhesive powder, copolyamide hot melt adhesive powder and copolyester hot melt adhesive powder mixed in a mass ratio of 1 (0.5-5) (0.1-5).
Optionally, the hot melting temperature of the hot melt adhesive powder is between 110 and 150 ℃, the particle size is 30 to 200 meshes, and the pre-curing and gas generating process and the cutting process of the autoclaved aerated concrete plate are not influenced. In the preparation process (specifically in the autoclaved curing stage) of the autoclaved aerated concrete slab, different components in the hot melt adhesive powder are sequentially melted from solid particles to liquid and uniformly dispersed on the surfaces of air holes in the autoclaved aerated concrete slab, and after the temperature is lowered and the temperature is cooled, the components are sequentially hardened again after the ambient temperature is lower than the solidifying point of each component of the hot melt adhesive powder, different components in the hot melt adhesive powder are overlapped to form a film, and a continuous multi-layer polymer film is formed on the surfaces of the air holes, so that the toughness in the autoclaved aerated concrete slab is further enhanced.
The polyurethane hot melt adhesive powder is thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer, also called thermoplastic polyurethane rubber (Thermoplastic polyurethanes, TPU), is (AB) n-type block linear polymer, A is polyester or polyether with high molecular weight (1000-6000), B is glycol with 2-12 straight-chain carbon atoms, and the chemical structure between AB chain segments is diisocyanate. TPU is crosslinked by intermolecular hydrogen bonds or slightly crosslinked between macromolecular chains, and the two crosslinking structures have reversibility along with the rise or fall of temperature. The intermolecular force is weakened in a molten state or a solution state, and the strong intermolecular force is connected together after cooling or solvent volatilization, so that the original solid performance is recovered. Typical TPUs are e.g. spandex etc.
The copolyamide is a polyamide formed by copolymerizing a plurality of kinds of dibasic acid with one or more kinds of diamine, copolymerizing a plurality of kinds of diamine with one or more kinds of dibasic acid, copolymerizing lactam with amino acid or copolymerizing a mixture of dibasic acid and diamine with lactam. Copolyamide is one of the Polyamides (PA).
For example: polyamide 6/66 made from caprolactam, hexamethylenediamine and adipic acid, having the formula: [ NH- (CH) 2 ) 6 -NH-CO-(CH 2 ) 4 -CO] n -[NH-(CH 2 ) 5 -CO] m 。
Alternatively, polyamide 66/610, made from hexamethylenediamine, adipic acid and sebacic acid, has the formula: [ NH- (CH) 2 ) 6 -NH-CO-(CH 2 ) 4 -CO] n -[NH-(CH 2 ) 6 -NH-CO-(CH 2 ) 8 -CO] m 。
The copolyester hot melt adhesive powder is a thermoplastic product obtained by esterifying dibasic acid and dihydric alcohol, and is generally prepared from dimethyl terephthalate, isophthalic acid, ethylene glycol, butanediol and the like serving as raw materials.
Polyethylene succinate (PES) is a chemically synthesized biodegradable polyester, also known as polyethylene succinate.
In other possible implementations, the polysiloxane-polyalkoxyether copolymer is a yellow or brown-yellow oily viscous transparent liquid having the chemical formula:
wherein R independently represents a hydrocarbon group having no aliphatic unsaturated bond; x is an integer from 2 to 4; m is an integer from 1 to 200; n is represented by (C x H 2x O) n The molecular weight of the polyether moiety represented is an integer in the range of 400 to 5000.
The polysiloxane-polyalkoxyl ether copolymer can have the functions of stabilizing foam, homogenizing foam, reducing the size of foam holes and increasing the closing rate in the preparation process (such as a gas-generating pre-curing stage), and can reduce the difference of the upper, middle and lower volume densities of autoclaved aerated concrete plates, so that the distribution of the densities of air holes and materials is more uniform, the structure of the air holes is obviously improved, and the function of stringing holes is reduced, thereby improving the strength of the autoclaved aerated concrete.
In other possible implementations, the silane coupling agent is a combination of one or more silane coupling agents having the structural formula Y-R-SiX; wherein Y represents an organic group, X represents a group which can be hydrolyzed to form Si-OH, and R is a carbon chain having a saturated or unsaturated bond.
The molecular structure of the main component of the silane coupling agent is provided with a hydrophilic functional group and a hydrophobic functional group, the hydrophilic functional group is a polar group, and after the silane coupling agent is doped into the self-hydrophobic autoclaved aerated concrete slab, the silane coupling agent can continuously generate silane hydrolysis reaction with solid waste materials and is adhered to the surface of the solid waste materials at each stage of the preparation process of the autoclaved aerated concrete slab, so that the silane coupling agent has the function of further improving the cohesion between organic and inorganic phases in the slab.
The silane coupling agent is a mixture of vinyl triethoxysilane and n-octyl triethoxysilane in a mass ratio of 1:1, and the third hydrophobic additive has the characteristics of high boiling point, high flash point and the like, so that the third hydrophobic additive has remarkable advantages in the aspects of safety and in the operation process.
Illustratively, vinyl groupsTriethoxysilane of the formula CH 2 ＝CHSi(OC 2 H 5 ) 3 Is in a liquid state; n-octyl triethoxysilane having the chemical formula CH 3 (CH 2 ) 7 Si(OC 2 H 5 ) 3 Is powdery.
In some embodiments, a mesh cage is embedded in the high-performance autoclaved aerated concrete slab, the mesh cage comprises two mesh bodies and a reinforcement body, the two mesh bodies are arranged in parallel and at intervals, and the reinforcement body is positioned between the two mesh bodies; at least one of the net sheet body and the reinforcement body adopts a composite thread reinforcement material, and the material of the composite thread reinforcement material comprises a fiber material and a resin material.
The composite thread rib material made of the limiting material and the resin material has the advantages of light weight, small expansion coefficient and the like, and can prevent the expansion cracking of the autoclaved aerated concrete plate.
In some possible implementations, the composite thread bar is a novel composite material formed by impregnating a fiber material with a resin material (such as epoxy resin, polyethylene resin, polypeptide-amino resin, etc.), and then thermoplastic extruding and drawing the fiber material with a proper amount of auxiliary agent through a special die.
The composite thread bar is made of carbon fiber, and the heat-resistant temperature of the composite thread bar is 500 ℃, so that the composite thread bar can still have good working performance at a higher steam curing temperature.
Wherein, the net sheet body and the reinforcement body are bound and connected by adopting a fiber bandage, and the high-temperature resistant epoxy resin glue is coated outside to ensure the structural strength of the net cage.
Optionally, the standard diameters of the net sheet body and the reinforcement body in the net cage are more than or equal to 4mm, and the reinforcement standard of the national autoclaved aerated concrete plate (GB/T15762-2020) is met.
On the other hand, the embodiment of the disclosure provides a preparation method, which is suitable for preparing the high-performance autoclaved aerated concrete plate.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
step one, wet grinding the solid waste material to prepare solid waste slurry.
Illustratively, measuring the moisture content of tail mud, tail sand, slag and desulfurized gypsum, and calculating the proportion of each solid waste material; the material mixing ratio is measured by a belt scale, the solid waste material is wet-milled by a wet ball mill to prepare pulp, the water content of the solid waste pulp is 35-41%, and the grain size is 80um screen residue 20-30%.
And secondly, preheating the pouring stirrer for 10s by utilizing steam, adding the metered solid waste slurry, and stirring for 20-30s. Adding a water reducing agent and a crystal nucleus inducer into the solid waste slurry according to the mass parts, and stirring for 30-40s; adding cement, lime and aluminum powder paste into the solid waste slurry according to the mass parts, and stirring for 30-40s to form slurry.
Optionally, adding the crystal nucleus inducer into the solid waste slurry, and adding the reinforced fiber powder and the toughening agent.
Pouring the pouring slurry into a mould; wherein the mold is made of carbon steel and is internally smeared with mold release oil before pouring.
And fourthly, embedding a net cage into the die, and immersing the net cage into the pouring slurry.
Illustratively, the net cage is fixed on an automatic circulation saddle with steel bars by using a buckle, a binding belt and the like, and then is inserted into a mould for containing pouring slurry; after the gas generation and the pre-culture are completed, the steel drill rod is pulled out, and the net cage is reserved in the blank body.
And fifthly, standing the pouring slurry in a constant temperature environment to form initial gas forming (or gas forming pre-curing) for a set time to obtain a plate blank body.
Optionally, immediately moving the casting slurry and the carbon steel mould inserted into the mesh cage into a pre-curing static stop chamber, wherein the temperature of the pre-curing static stop chamber is constant at 40-55 ℃, standing the casting slurry in the pre-curing static stop chamber for initial setting, and obtaining a slab blank of autoclaved aerated concrete after setting time (for example, 2-3 h).
Step six, demolding, processing and shaping the plate blank body to obtain a semi-finished product blank body; wherein, the processing shaping comprises milling groove, longitudinal cutting and transverse cutting, and the plate blank body is turned over by a crane after the cutting is completed, and the upper surface, the lower surface and the periphery of the plate blank body are removed.
And seventhly, carrying out constant-temperature autoclaved curing on the semi-finished blank to obtain the high-performance autoclaved aerated concrete plate.
In some embodiments, the semi-finished green body is autoclaved at constant temperature, comprising:
and step seven-1, placing the semi-finished product blank into an autoclave. A plurality of semi-finished products can be put into an autoclave together after being grouped so as to improve the yield of the plates.
And seventh-2, vacuumizing the autoclave so that the air pressure in the autoclave is lower than-0.06 Mpa.
After the semi-finished blank body enters the kettle, closing the kettle door interlocking handle, and plugging into the safety limiting block; closing two kettle bottom drain valves; confirming the locking in the display kettle on the control box; removing accumulated water in the vacuum pump, starting the vacuum pump, opening a cooling water valve, opening a vacuumizing split cylinder main valve, opening a valve of a vacuumizing kettle, vacuumizing for about 30min, and vacuumizing for 20min after the negative pressure reaches-0.06 MPa; after the vacuumizing is finished, the valve of the vacuumizing kettle is closed, and then the air dividing cylinder main valve (the air dividing cylinder main valve can be normally open), the cooling water valve and the vacuum pump are sequentially closed.
And seventhly, injecting steam into the autoclave until the air pressure in the autoclave is 1.2Mpa and the temperature is 200 ℃.
In the initial stage of air guide, namely the first 40 minutes of air guide, slow air inlet is maintained, and the steam inlet flow is 500 kg; after 40 minutes, the air inflow is gradually increased in stages, the air inflow of 1000 kg is increased every 30 minutes, and the maximum steam air inflow is 4000 kg.
Before the pressure is 0.5MPa, the steam inlet flow is not more than 6000 kg; the duration is controlled to be 4 to 4 half hours from kettle feeding to boosting to 1.20 MPa; when the pressure is increased to 1.20MPa, continuing to enter air until the pressure reaches 1.25MPa; when the pressure exceeds 1.20MPa, the constant pressure duration is started to be measured, and the constant temperature and constant pressure duration of the plate is 7 hours.
In the early stage of steam guide, the drain valve needs to be fully opened; when the pressure in the kettle is reduced to 0.01MPa, closing one third of the blow-down valve; when the pressure in the kettle is 0.07MPa, closing two thirds of the blow-down valve; when the pressure in the kettle is increased to 0.55MPa, all the blow-down valves are closed.
And seventhly, maintaining the air pressure in the autoclave at 1.2Mpa and the temperature at 200 ℃ for 7 hours.
Seventhly, after the constant pressure time is over, controlling the air pressure in the autoclave to slowly drop to 0.9Mpa from 1.2Mpa, and controlling the time to be 30 minutes; when the pressure is reduced from 0.9MPa to 0.3MPa, the time is controlled to be 40 minutes; and fully opening a valve below 0.3MPa to exhaust steam or pouring steam pressure into a new kettle, and fully opening the valve to exhaust steam.
And seventhly, taking the plate out of the autoclave to finish the constant-temperature autoclaved curing of the semi-finished blank.
Further, the curing steam of the preparation method disclosed by the invention is waste steam of a coal-fired power plant, and particularly is supersaturated steam with the temperature exceeding 240 ℃.
In order to further illustrate the performance of the high-performance autoclaved aerated concrete plate provided by the disclosure under different component proportions, namely different preparation process parameters, the following comparative examples are designed:
example 1
1088kg of tail mud, 750kg of tail sand, 560kg of slag and 93kg of desulfurized gypsum are respectively placed in a ball mill for wet grinding to form solid waste slurry, and the water content of the obtained solid waste slurry is 38%, and the grain size of the obtained solid waste slurry is 80um and 22% of screen residue.
Sequentially adding 16kg of polycarboxylate water reducer, 3.1kg of crystal nucleus inducer, 3.1kg of reinforcing fiber powder and 47kg of toughening agent into the solid waste slurry, and stirring again for 40s; then adding 404kg of cement and 218kg of lime, stirring for 40s, finally adding 3kg of aluminum powder paste, uniformly dispersing for 35s to form slurry, and pouring the pouring slurry into a carbon steel die coated with the mold release oil.
The temperature of the precuring and resting chamber is constant at 45 ℃, and the curing time is 200min.
And (3) after demoulding, processing and shaping the blank body into a semi-finished blank body with the length, width and height of 2400mm by 600mm by 200mm respectively.
And (3) conveying the mixture into an autoclave, and autoclaved curing the mixture for 7 hours at the temperature of 200+/-10 ℃ and the pressure of 1.1 MPa+/-0.5 MPa, thereby obtaining an autoclaved aerated concrete slab finished product after curing.
The high-performance autoclaved aerated concrete plate prepared in example 1 is tested according to the standard GB/T15762-2020 of autoclaved aerated concrete plate, and the main performances are shown in Table 1.
Example 2
Respectively placing 750kg of tail mud, 1088kg of tail sand, 280kg of slag and 310kg of desulfurized gypsum into a ball mill for wet grinding to form solid waste slurry, wherein the water content of the obtained solid waste slurry is 36%, and the grain size of the obtained solid waste slurry is 80 mu m and 20% of screen residue.
Sequentially adding 32kg of polycarboxylate water reducer, 15kg of crystal nucleus inducer, 31kg of reinforcing fiber powder and 94kg of toughening agent into the solid waste slurry, and stirring again for 40s; then adding 218kg of cement and 404kg of lime, stirring for 40s, finally adding 3kg of aluminum powder paste, uniformly dispersing for 35s to form slurry, and pouring the pouring slurry into a carbon steel die coated with the mold release oil.
The temperature of the precuring and resting chamber is constant at 45 ℃, and the curing time is 200min.
And (3) after demoulding, processing and shaping the blank body into a semi-finished blank body with the length, width and height of 2400mm by 600mm by 200mm respectively.
And (3) conveying the mixture into an autoclave, and autoclaved curing the mixture for 7 hours at the temperature of 200+/-10 ℃ and the pressure of 1.1 MPa+/-0.5 MPa, thereby obtaining an autoclaved aerated concrete slab finished product after curing.
The high-performance autoclaved aerated concrete plate prepared in example 2 is tested according to the standard GB/T15762-2020 of autoclaved aerated concrete plate, and the main performances are shown in Table 1.
Example 3
Respectively placing 840kg of tail mud, 870kg of tail sand, 404kg of slag and 187kg of desulfurized gypsum in a ball mill for wet grinding to form solid waste slurry, wherein the water content of the obtained solid waste slurry is 39%, and the particle size of the obtained solid waste slurry is 80um and screen residue is 24%.
60kg of polycarboxylate water reducer, 31kg of crystal nucleus inducer, 62kg of reinforcing fiber powder and 155kg of toughening agent are sequentially added into the solid waste slurry, and the mixture is stirred again for 40s; then 280kg of cement and 280kg of lime are added, stirring is carried out for 40s, and finally 3kg of aluminum powder paste is added, the mixture is uniformly dispersed for 35s to form slurry, and then the slurry is poured into a carbon steel die coated with the mold release oil.
The temperature of the precuring and resting chamber is constant at 45 ℃, and the curing time is 200min.
And (3) after demoulding, processing and shaping the blank body into a semi-finished blank body with the length, width and height of 2400mm by 600mm by 200mm respectively.
And (3) conveying the mixture into an autoclave, and autoclaved curing the mixture for 7 hours at the temperature of 200+/-10 ℃ and the pressure of 1.1 MPa+/-0.5 MPa, thereby obtaining an autoclaved aerated concrete slab finished product after curing.
The high-performance autoclaved aerated concrete plate prepared in example 3 is tested according to the standard GB/T15762-2020 of autoclaved aerated concrete plate, and the main performances are shown in Table 1.
Example 4
1088kg of tail mud, 750kg of tail sand, 560kg of slag and 93kg of desulfurized gypsum are respectively placed in a ball mill for wet grinding to form solid waste slurry, and the water content of the obtained solid waste slurry is 39%, and the grain size of the obtained solid waste slurry is 80um and 25% of screen residue.
6kg of polycarboxylate water reducer, 3.1kg of crystal nucleus inducer, 3.1kg of reinforcing fiber powder and 155kg of toughening agent are sequentially added into the solid waste slurry, and the mixture is stirred for 40 seconds again; then adding 404kg of cement and 218kg of lime, stirring for 40s, finally adding 3kg of aluminum powder paste, uniformly dispersing for 35s to form slurry, and pouring the slurry into a carbon steel mold coated with the mold release oil.
The temperature of the precuring and resting chamber is constant at 45 ℃, and the curing time is 200min.
And (3) after demoulding, processing and shaping the blank body into a semi-finished blank body with the length, width and height of 2400mm by 600mm by 200mm respectively.
And (3) conveying the mixture into an autoclave, and autoclaved curing the mixture for 7 hours at the temperature of 200+/-10 ℃ and the pressure of 1.1 MPa+/-0.5 MPa, thereby obtaining an autoclaved aerated concrete slab finished product after curing.
The high-performance autoclaved aerated concrete plate prepared in example 4 is tested according to the standard GB/T15762-2020 of autoclaved aerated concrete plate, and the main performances are shown in Table 1.
Example 5
1088kg of tail mud, 750kg of tail sand, 560kg of slag and 93kg of desulfurized gypsum are respectively placed in a ball mill for wet grinding to form solid waste slurry, and the water content of the obtained solid waste slurry is 39%, and the grain size of the obtained solid waste slurry is 80um and 25% of screen residue.
Sequentially adding 16kg of polycarboxylate water reducer, 3.1kg of crystal nucleus inducer and 31kg of reinforcing fiber into the solid waste slurry, and stirring again for 40s; then adding 404kg of cement and 218kg of lime, stirring for 40s, finally adding 3kg of aluminum powder paste, uniformly dispersing for 35s to form slurry, and pouring the slurry into a carbon steel mold coated with the mold release oil.
The temperature of the precuring and resting chamber is constant at 45 ℃, and the curing time is 200min.
And (3) after demoulding, processing and shaping the blank body into a semi-finished blank body with the length, width and height of 2400mm by 600mm by 200mm respectively.
And (3) conveying the mixture into an autoclave, and autoclaved curing the mixture for 7 hours at the temperature of 200+/-10 ℃ and the pressure of 1.1 MPa+/-0.5 MPa, thereby obtaining an autoclaved aerated concrete slab finished product after curing.
The high-performance autoclaved aerated concrete plate prepared in example 5 is tested according to the standard GB/T15762-2020 of autoclaved aerated concrete plate, and the main performances are shown in Table 1.
Example 6
1088kg of tail mud, 750kg of tail sand, 560kg of slag and 93kg of desulfurized gypsum are respectively placed in a ball mill for wet grinding to form solid waste slurry, and the water content of the obtained solid waste slurry is 39%, and the grain size of the obtained solid waste slurry is 80um and 22% of screen residue.
Sequentially adding 16kg of polycarboxylate water reducer, 31kg of crystal nucleus inducer, 3.1kg of reinforcing fiber powder and 47kg of toughening agent into the solid waste slurry, and stirring again for 40s; then adding 404kg of cement and 218kg of lime, stirring for 40s, finally adding 3kg of aluminum powder paste, uniformly dispersing for 35s to form slurry, and pouring the slurry into a carbon steel mold coated with the mold release oil.
The temperature of the precuring and resting chamber is constant at 45 ℃, and the curing time is 200min.
And (3) after demoulding, processing and shaping the blank body into a semi-finished blank body with the length, width and height of 2400mm by 600mm by 200mm respectively.
And (3) conveying the mixture into an autoclave, and autoclaved curing the mixture for 7 hours at the temperature of 200+/-10 ℃ and the pressure of 1.1 MPa+/-0.5 MPa, thereby obtaining an autoclaved aerated concrete slab finished product after curing.
The high-performance autoclaved aerated concrete plate prepared in example 6 is tested according to the standard GB/T15762-2020 of autoclaved aerated concrete plate, and the main performances are shown in Table 1.
Comparative example
The comparative example is based on example 1, and the crystal nucleus inducer, the reinforced fiber powder and the toughening agent are not doped on the premise of not changing the proportion of other raw materials and the technological process.
1088kg of tail mud, 750kg of tail sand, 560kg of slag and 93kg of desulfurized gypsum are placed in a ball mill for wet grinding to form solid waste slurry, and the water content of the obtained solid waste slurry is 39%, and the grain size of the obtained solid waste slurry is 80um and the screen residue is 22%.
Sequentially adding 16kg of polycarboxylate water reducer, 404kg of cement and 218kg of lime into the solid waste slurry, stirring for 40s, finally adding 3kg of aluminum powder paste, uniformly dispersing for 35s to form slurry, and pouring the slurry into a carbon steel mold coated with release oil.
The temperature of the precuring and resting chamber is constant at 45 ℃, and the curing time is 200min.
And (3) after demoulding, processing and shaping the blank body into a semi-finished blank body with the length, width and height of 2400mm by 600mm by 200mm respectively.
And (3) carrying out constant-temperature autoclaved curing on the cut autoclaved aerated concrete blank by using an autoclave, wherein the temperature is 200+/-5 ℃, the pressure is 1.2+/-0.1 MPa, the autoclaved curing time is 7 hours, and the autoclaved aerated concrete slab finished product is obtained after curing.
The autoclaved aerated concrete plate prepared by the comparative example is tested according to the standard GB/T15762-2020 of autoclaved aerated concrete plate, and the main performances are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 comparative table of properties of boards prepared in examples 1 to 6 and comparative examples
It can be seen from the above table that in examples 1 to 3 of the present disclosure, the density of the autoclaved aerated concrete slab is not significantly changed, and the compressive strength and the flexural strength are gradually increased along with the increase of the crystal nucleus inducer, the reinforcing fiber powder and the toughening agent under the mixture ratio of the raw materials and the process flow.
In examples 4-6 of the present disclosure, the solid waste material, the nucleus inducer and the reinforcing fiber powder were the same as in example 1, but the toughening agent addition ratio in example 4 was increased compared to example 1, and the flexural strength was also increased to a significant extent compared to example 1; example 5 has an increased proportion of reinforcing fiber powder compared to example 1, with a significant increase in compressive strength compared to example 1; example 6 has an increased proportion of nucleus inducer compared with example 1, and has a significantly increased compressive strength compared with example 1.
Compared with the comparative example in the embodiment 1, the proportions of the raw materials except the crystal nucleus inducer, the reinforcing fiber powder and the toughening agent are not changed, and the compressive strength and the flexural strength of the plate are reduced in different degrees from the data, so that the influence of the crystal nucleus inducer, the reinforcing fiber powder and the toughening agent on the compressive strength and the flexural strength of the autoclaved aerated concrete plate is larger.
In addition, the composite thread bar materials disclosed in the embodiments 1-6 are all adopted, and the common steel bars are adopted in the comparative examples, so that the dead weight (the density of the plate is reduced) of the plate can be greatly reduced by replacing the steel bars with the composite thread bar materials, and the strength of the plate is not affected.
In another aspect, embodiments of the present disclosure provide a building including an autoclaved aerated concrete slab of the present disclosure, thereby having all of the beneficial technical effects of the present disclosure.
In the description of this specification, the terms "first," "second," and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more features. In the description of the present disclosure, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more, unless explicitly defined otherwise.
The description with reference to the terms "certain embodiments," "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "illustrative embodiments," "examples," "specific examples," or "some examples" means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present disclosure.
The foregoing description of the embodiments of the present disclosure is not intended to limit the present disclosure, but rather, any modifications, equivalents, improvements, etc. that fall within the principles of the present disclosure are intended to be included within the scope of the present disclosure.
Claims (7)
1. The high-performance autoclaved aerated concrete plate is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by mass:
72-80 parts of solid waste materials, 7-13 parts of cement, 7-13 parts of lime, 0.2-2 parts of water reducer, 0.02-0.08 part of aluminum powder paste and 0.1-1 part of crystal nucleus inducer;
wherein the solid waste material comprises tail mud, tail sand, slag and desulfurized gypsum; the crystal nucleus inducer is used for promoting other substances to crystallize and form tobermorite in the hydrothermal synthesis reaction process; the crystal nucleus inducer comprises a hydrated calcium silicate nanometer crystal nucleus agent, wherein the molar ratio of the calcium element to the silicon element is 5:6;
the crystal nucleus inducer is prepared by the following steps:
mixing and stirring 0.2-0.5mol/L calcium gluconate aqueous solution and 0.1-0.3mol/L water glass solution uniformly, adjusting the pH value to 10-14 by using sodium hydroxide solution, stirring and pre-reacting for 0.5-2 h under the water bath condition of 45-55 ℃, carrying out hydrothermal synthesis reaction on the pre-reacted product at the constant temperature of 200 ℃ for 4-6h under the constant pressure of 1.2-1.3MPa after the reaction is completed, and carrying out suction filtration, drying and grinding to obtain the hydrated calcium silicate nanocrystal nucleating agent;
the high-performance autoclaved aerated concrete plate also comprises 0.1-2 parts of reinforcing fiber powder, wherein the reinforcing fiber powder comprises basalt fiber powder, glass fiber powder and carbon fiber powder which are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1 (0.1-0.5) (0.1-1);
the high-performance autoclaved aerated concrete slab further comprises 1.5-5 parts of a toughening agent; the toughening agent comprises hot melt adhesive powder, polysiloxane-polyalkoxy ether copolymer and silane coupling agent which are mixed according to the mass ratio of (0.1-5) to (0.1-5).
2. The high performance autoclaved aerated concrete slab of claim 1 wherein the fiber dimensions of said basalt fiber powder, said glass fiber powder, and said carbon fiber powder range from 0.5mm to 1mm.
3. The high-performance autoclaved aerated concrete slab as recited in claim 1, wherein the hot melt adhesive powder comprises polyurethane hot melt adhesive powder, copolyamide hot melt adhesive powder and copolyester hot melt adhesive powder mixed according to the mass ratio of 1 (0.5-5) (0.1-5).
4. The high-performance autoclaved aerated concrete slab of claim 1, wherein a net cage is embedded in the high-performance autoclaved aerated concrete slab, the net cage comprises two net bodies and a reinforcement body, the two net bodies are arranged in parallel and at intervals, and the reinforcement body is positioned between the two net bodies;
at least one of the net sheet body and the reinforcement body adopts a composite thread reinforcement material, and the material of the composite thread reinforcement material comprises a fiber material and a resin material.
5. A method for preparing the high performance autoclaved aerated concrete slab as recited in any of claims 1-4, characterized in that the preparation method comprises:
wet-milling the solid waste material to prepare solid waste slurry;
adding the water reducer, the crystal nucleus inducer, the reinforcing fiber powder and the toughening agent into the solid waste slurry according to the mass parts, and stirring for 30-40s; adding the cement, the lime and the aluminum powder paste into the solid waste slurry according to the mass parts, and stirring for 30-40s to form slurry;
pouring the slurry into a mold;
burying a net cage into the mould, and immersing the net cage into the slurry;
allowing the slurry to stand in a constant temperature environment for initial setting of gas generation, and obtaining a plate blank body after a set time;
demolding, processing and shaping the plate blank body to obtain a semi-finished product blank body;
and carrying out constant-temperature autoclaved curing on the semi-finished product blank to obtain the high-performance autoclaved aerated concrete plate.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the performing the constant temperature autoclaved curing of the semi-finished blank comprises:
placing the semi-finished product blank into an autoclave;
vacuumizing the autoclave;
injecting steam into the autoclave;
maintaining the air pressure and temperature conditions in the autoclave;
after the set time, controlling the steam discharge of the autoclave;
and finishing the constant-temperature autoclaved curing of the semi-finished blank.
7. A building comprising a high performance autoclaved aerated concrete slab as recited in any of claims 1-4.
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