CN115385645A - High-performance autoclaved aerated concrete plate, preparation method thereof and building - Google Patents
High-performance autoclaved aerated concrete plate, preparation method thereof and building Download PDFInfo
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- CN115385645A CN115385645A CN202211139864.2A CN202211139864A CN115385645A CN 115385645 A CN115385645 A CN 115385645A CN 202211139864 A CN202211139864 A CN 202211139864A CN 115385645 A CN115385645 A CN 115385645A
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- autoclaved aerated
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/14—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing calcium sulfate cements
- C04B28/142—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing calcium sulfate cements containing synthetic or waste calcium sulfate cements
- C04B28/144—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing calcium sulfate cements containing synthetic or waste calcium sulfate cements the synthetic calcium sulfate being a flue gas desulfurization product
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B22/00—Use of inorganic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. accelerators, shrinkage compensating agents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/50—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
Abstract
The invention provides a high-performance autoclaved aerated concrete plate, a preparation method thereof and a building, and relates to the technical field of building materials. The high-performance autoclaved aerated concrete plate comprises the following substances in parts by weight: 72-80 parts of solid waste material, 7-13 parts of cement, 7-13 parts of lime, 0.2-2 parts of water reducing agent, 0.02-0.08 part of aluminum paste and 0.1-1 part of crystal nucleus inducer. Wherein the solid waste material comprises tail mud, tailings, furnace slag and desulfurized gypsum; the crystal nucleus inducer is used for promoting crystallization of other substances to form tobermorite in the hydrothermal synthesis reaction process. The high-performance autoclaved aerated concrete plate disclosed by the invention improves the strength of autoclaved aerated concrete and meets the requirements on improvement of the flow property and the mechanical property of the autoclaved aerated concrete.
Description
Technical Field
The disclosure relates to the technical field of building materials, in particular to a high-performance autoclaved aerated concrete plate, a preparation method thereof and a building.
Background
The autoclaved aerated concrete slab is a novel wall material, is produced by taking a calcareous material and a siliceous material as main raw materials through the preparation procedures of pouring, autoclaved curing and the like, and has the advantages of light weight, heat preservation, heat insulation, sound insulation, noise reduction and the like.
However, in the related art, the autoclaved aerated concrete product has low strength and poor toughness, is easy to be broken in edges and corners in the preparation process, is only limited to the application of inner partition walls at present, and is greatly limited to the application of floor panels.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a high-performance autoclaved aerated concrete plate, a preparation method thereof and a building, which can solve the problems of low strength and poor toughness of the autoclaved aerated concrete plate.
The technical scheme is as follows:
on the one hand, the high-performance autoclaved aerated concrete plate comprises the following substances in parts by weight: 72-80 parts of solid waste material, 7-13 parts of cement, 7-13 parts of lime, 0.2-2 parts of water reducing agent, 0.02-0.08 part of aluminum paste and 0.1-1 part of crystal nucleus inducer.
Wherein the solid waste material comprises tail mud, tailings, furnace slag and desulfurized gypsum; the crystal nucleus inducer is used for promoting crystallization of other substances to form tobermorite in the hydrothermal synthesis reaction process.
In some embodiments, the nucleation inducing agent comprises a calcium silicate hydrate nanocrystal nucleating agent, wherein the molar ratio of calcium element to silicon element is 5:6.
In some embodiments, the high-performance autoclaved aerated concrete plate further comprises 0.1-2 parts of reinforcing fiber powder, wherein the reinforcing fiber powder comprises mixed basalt fiber powder, glass fiber powder and carbon fiber powder according to the mass ratio of 1 (0.1-0.5) to (0.1-1).
In some embodiments, the basalt fiber powder, the glass fiber powder, and the carbon fiber powder have a fiber size ranging from 0.5 to 1mm.
In some embodiments, the high-performance autoclaved aerated concrete slab further comprises 1.5-5 parts of a toughening agent; the toughening agent comprises hot melt adhesive powder, polysiloxane-polyalkoxy ether copolymer and silane coupling agent which are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1 (0.1-5) to (0.1-5).
In some embodiments, the hot melt adhesive powder comprises polyurethane hot melt adhesive powder, copolyamide hot melt adhesive powder and copolyester hot melt adhesive powder which are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1 (0.5-5) to (0.1-5).
In some embodiments, a net cage is embedded in the high-performance autoclaved aerated concrete plate, and comprises two net sheets and a reinforcement body, wherein the two net sheets are arranged in parallel at intervals, and the reinforcement body is positioned between the two net sheets;
at least one of the net body and the reinforcing body adopts a composite threaded rib material, and the material of the composite threaded rib material comprises a fiber material and a resin material.
On the other hand, a preparation method is provided, and the preparation method is suitable for preparing the high-performance autoclaved aerated concrete plate disclosed by the disclosure;
the preparation method comprises the following steps:
wet grinding and pulping the solid waste material to prepare solid waste slurry;
adding the water reducing agent and the crystal nucleus inducer into the solid waste slurry according to the mass parts, and stirring for 30-40s; adding the cement, the lime and the aluminum powder paste into the solid waste slurry according to the mass part, and stirring for 30-40s to form slurry;
pouring the pouring slurry into a mold;
embedding a net cage into the mould, and enabling the net cage to be immersed into the pouring slurry;
standing the pouring slurry in a constant temperature environment to generate gas for initial setting, and setting time to obtain a plate blank;
demolding the plate blank body, and processing and shaping to obtain a semi-finished blank body;
and carrying out constant-temperature autoclaved curing on the semi-finished blank to obtain the high-performance autoclaved aerated concrete plate.
In some embodiments, the constant-temperature autoclave curing of the semi-finished blank includes:
putting the semi-finished blank into a still kettle;
vacuumizing the autoclave;
injecting steam into the autoclave;
maintaining the conditions of air pressure and temperature in the autoclave;
after the time is set, controlling the steam discharge of the still kettle;
and finishing constant-temperature steam-pressure curing of the semi-finished blank.
In another aspect, a building is provided, which comprises the high-performance autoclaved aerated concrete slab disclosed by the disclosure.
The beneficial effect that technical scheme that this disclosure provided brought includes at least:
according to the high-performance autoclaved aerated concrete plate, the crystal nucleus inducer is doped, the crystal nucleus inducer can be used for reducing the nucleation barrier of tobermorite crystals formed in the hydrothermal reaction process of autoclaved aerated concrete, the formation of tobermorite is promoted, the crystallization conversion rate is improved, the strength of the autoclaved aerated concrete is improved, and the requirements for improving the flow property and the mechanical property of the autoclaved aerated concrete are met.
Detailed Description
The implementations described in the exemplary embodiments below are not intended to represent all implementations consistent with the present disclosure. Rather, they are merely examples of apparatus and methods consistent with certain aspects of the present disclosure, as detailed in the appended claims.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical terms used in the embodiments of the present disclosure have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art.
In the related technology, aiming at the problems of low strength and poor toughness of the autoclaved aerated concrete plate, one scheme is to configure corresponding steel bar trusses in the aerated concrete to form an integrated high-strength plate, so that the requirement of the bearing performance of a floor slab is met, but the steel bar trusses in the aerated concrete are only changed, and the performance of the concrete is not improved. In addition, the problem that the plate is easy to crack due to the large expansion coefficient of the steel bars in the scheme can also be caused.
The other scheme is that alkali is used for exciting cement to replace part of common portland cement to enhance the toughness of the autoclaved aerated concrete, but the problems of low strength and poor toughness of the autoclaved aerated concrete plate cannot be solved through practical verification that the plate toughness improvement effect adopting the scheme is very little.
Therefore, the high-performance autoclaved aerated concrete plate can promote the formation of tobermorite and improve the crystallization conversion rate, so that the strength of the autoclaved aerated concrete is improved, and the requirements on the improvement of the flow property and the mechanical property of the autoclaved aerated concrete are met.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present disclosure more clear, embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in further detail below with reference to examples.
On the one hand, the embodiment provides a high-performance autoclaved aerated concrete plate, which comprises the following substances in parts by mass:
72-80 parts of solid waste material, 7-13 parts of cement, 7-13 parts of lime, 0.2-2 parts of water reducing agent, 0.02-0.08 part of aluminum paste and 0.1-1 part of crystal nucleus inducer.
Wherein the solid waste material comprises tail mud, tailings, furnace slag and desulfurized gypsum; the crystal nucleus inducer is used for promoting crystallization of other substances to form tobermorite in the hydrothermal synthesis reaction process.
According to the high-performance autoclaved aerated concrete plate, the crystal nucleus inducer is doped, the crystal nucleus inducer can be used for reducing the nucleation barrier of tobermorite crystals formed in the hydrothermal reaction process of the autoclaved aerated concrete, the formation of the tobermorite is promoted, the crystallization conversion rate is improved, the strength of the autoclaved aerated concrete is improved, and the requirements on the improvement of the flow property and the mechanical property of the autoclaved aerated concrete are met.
In the embodiment, tobermorite (Tobermorite) is a calcium silicate hydrate mineral, has the characteristics of a layered structure, low density and light weight, contains a microporous structure with strong adsorption capacity, and has a positive influence on the strength of an autoclaved aerated concrete material.
The crystal nucleus inducer is used for improving the crystallization forming rate of tobermorite, and is beneficial to improving the component content of the tobermorite in the autoclaved aerated concrete plate, so that the strength of the autoclaved aerated concrete material can be greatly enhanced.
In some possible implementation modes, the mass part ratio of the tail mud, the tail sand, the furnace slag and the desulfurized gypsum in the solid waste material is (1-1.5): (0.3-0.6): (0.2-0.5). The mixing amount of the solid waste material in the high-performance autoclaved aerated concrete plate reaches 72-80%, so that the waste material is fully utilized, the recycling of the solid waste material is promoted, and the cost of raw materials can be greatly reduced.
Optionally, in the autoclaved aerated concrete panel of the present disclosure, the tail mud is an industrial byproduct in the process of mining quartz sand ore, the particle size of the particles is 0.01-0.3mm, wherein the SiO is 2 The content of Al is more than or equal to 85 percent, al 2 O 3 Content of (B) is less than or equal to 15%, fe 2 O 3 The content of (A) is less than or equal to 2 percent.
The tailings are industrial by-products in the process of mining quartz ores, the particle size of the particles is 0.01-0.5mm, and SiO in the tailings 2 Content of Al is not less than 75%, al 2 O 3 Content of (B) is less than or equal to 1%, fe 2 O 3 The content of (A) is less than or equal to 2 percent.
The slag is furnace bottom waste residue of coal-fired power plant, and has particle diameter of 0.5-50mm, wherein the SiO is 2 The content of the active component is more than or equal to 50 percent, the content of CaO is more than or equal to 15 percent, and Al 2 O 3 Content of (3) is less than or equal to 8%, fe 2 O 3 The content of (A) is less than or equal to 6 percent.
The desulfurized gypsum belongs to one of solid wastes of coal-fired power plants, and the main component of the desulfurized gypsum is CaSO 4 ·2H 2 O。
The cement is P.O 425 ordinary portland cement or P.II 525 portland cement meeting the requirements of general portland cement GB/T175-2020, wherein the content of calcium silicate minerals is not less than 66%, and CaO and SiO 2 The mass ratio is more than or equal to 2.0.
The lime is lime powder after crushing and grinding treatment, the particle diameter is 20-25% of 80um screen residue, the effective calcium is more than or equal to 75%, the digestion rate is 5-15min, and the digestion temperature is 70-100 ℃.
The aluminum powder paste is mainly used as a gas generating material and is selected from materials commonly used in the industry, the solid content is more than or equal to 65 percent, and the aluminum content in the solid content is more than 90 percent. Illustratively, the aluminum powder paste is oil type aluminum powder paste with the code of GLY-75 or GLY-65 and aqueous type aluminum powder paste with the code of GLS-70 or GLS-65, which meet the requirements of aluminum powder paste for aerated concrete JC/T407-2000.
The aluminum powder in the aluminum powder paste can react with the silicon dioxide and the quicklime to release gas, so that a porous structure is formed in the produced concrete block, and the produced autoclaved aerated concrete plate generally has the weight of 500-700kg/m 3 The weight of the building is only 1/4-1/5 of that of a clay brick and 1/5 of that of common concrete, and the weight of the building is reduced by more than 40 percent compared with that of a building with a common brick concrete structure. In addition, the autoclaved aerated concrete plate also has the advantages of good sound insulation effect, strong shock resistance, good heat preservation effect and the like.
In another example, the water reducing agent is a polycarboxylate water reducing agent, acrylic acid or methacrylic acid is used as a main chain, polyethers with different side chain lengths are grafted, and the standard required by "polycarboxylate-type high-performance water reducing agent" JG/T223-2007 is met, wherein the water reducing rate is more than or equal to 25%, and the bleeding rate is less than or equal to 60%.
In some embodiments, the nucleation inducing agent comprises a calcium silicate hydrate nanocrystal nucleating agent, wherein the molar ratio of calcium element to silicon element is 5:6.
Illustratively, the calcium silicate hydrate nano crystal nucleus agent is micro powder containing nano tobermorite crystal nuclei, and the crystal nucleus inducer is used for reducing the nucleation barrier of tobermorite crystals formed in the hydrothermal synthesis reaction process of autoclaved aerated concrete and improving the crystallization conversion rate.
In some possible implementations, the crystal nucleus inducer is prepared by the following method: adding calcium gluconate aqueous solution with the molar concentration of 0.2-0.5mol/L and 0.1-0.3mol/L water glass solution into a reaction vessel, mixing and stirring uniformly, adjusting the pH value to 10-14 by using sodium hydroxide solution, stirring and pre-reacting for 0.5-2 h by using a high-speed dispersion machine under the condition of water bath at 45-55 ℃, further transferring pre-reaction products in the reaction vessel into a small-sized steam curing kettle after the reaction is finished, carrying out hydrothermal synthesis reaction for 4-6h at the constant temperature of about 200 ℃ under the pressure of 1.2-1.3MPa, carrying out suction filtration, drying and crystal nucleus grinding to obtain the calcium silicate hydrate nano-agent.
When the calcium silicate hydrate nano crystal nucleus agent is prepared, the aqueous solution of the calcium source and the aqueous solution of the silicon source are mixed according to a specific molar ratio under specific conditions of temperature and pH, and are stirred for reaction, so that the purity of the raw materials is high, the agglomeration of the calcium silicate hydrate nano crystal nucleus can be reduced on the premise of greatly improving the nucleation rate of the calcium silicate hydrate nano crystal nucleus agent, and the calcium silicate hydrate nano crystal nucleus agent is suitable for large-scale production.
By utilizing the calcium silicate hydrate nano crystal nucleus agent and the calcium silicate hydrate gel as an intermediate product in the preparation process, the finally obtained calcium silicate hydrate nano crystal nucleus agent contains a large number of nano tobermorite crystal nuclei, is easier to nucleate when used for preparing autoclaved aerated concrete, can greatly reduce the nucleation barrier of tobermorite, improves the strength of the autoclaved aerated concrete, and meets the requirements on improvement of the flow property and the mechanical property of the autoclaved aerated concrete.
In some embodiments, the high-performance autoclaved aerated concrete plate further comprises 0.1-2 parts of reinforcing fiber powder, wherein the reinforcing fiber powder comprises basalt fiber powder, glass fiber powder and carbon fiber powder which are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1 (0.1-0.5) to (0.1-1).
The reinforced fiber powder can enhance the strength and toughness of the autoclaved aerated concrete body by utilizing the characteristics of the fiber. The basalt fiber powder and the glass fiber powder both contain high-content silicon dioxide, and the surface layers of the basalt fiber powder and the glass fiber powder can partially participate in a silicon-calcium hydrothermal synthesis reaction in the autoclaved aerated concrete plate autoclaved curing process, so that the integrity between the reinforcing fibers and the autoclaved aerated concrete plate is further realized, and the reinforcing effect is further improved.
In some embodiments, the fiber sizes of the basalt fiber powder, the glass fiber powder and the carbon fiber powder are in the range of 0.5-1mm, and the purpose of the method is to avoid the problems that the long fibers are doped to cause large surfaces of the cut steel wire garland plate in the cutting section or the steel wire is easy to break and the like. Alternatively, the basalt fiber, the glass fiber and the carbon fiber which are sold in the market and have the length of 3-5mm are secondarily ball-milled for 5-30 minutes by a dry ball mill, so that the fiber size is shortened to 0.5-1mm.
In some embodiments, the high-performance autoclaved aerated concrete slab further comprises 1.5-5 parts of a toughening agent; the toughening agent comprises hot melt adhesive powder, polysiloxane-polyalkoxy ether copolymer and silane coupling agent which are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1 (0.1-5) to (0.1-5).
The hot melt adhesive powder is added during compounding, the particle size is close to that of finely ground silica sand and the like, and the hot melt adhesive powder is used as common inert aggregate below the melting temperature; in the autoclaved aerated process, the environment temperature exceeds the melting temperature, so that the hot melt adhesive powder is melted, a toughening film layer is formed in the plate after the temperature is reduced, and the high elastic modulus of the autoclaved aerated concrete is utilized to restrain the autoclaved aerated concrete to effectively delay and prevent the occurrence and the expansion of cracks.
The polysiloxane-polyalkoxy ether copolymer can homogenize the size of cells and reduce the occurrence of the phenomenon of hole string in the initiating process, thereby improving the strength of the autoclaved aerated concrete.
The silane coupling agent has the functions of further improving the cohesion between organic and inorganic phases in the plate and the bond between the autoclaved aerated concrete body and the net cage.
In some embodiments, the hot melt adhesive powder includes polyurethane hot melt adhesive powder, copolyamide hot melt adhesive powder and copolyester hot melt adhesive powder mixed in a mass ratio of 1 (0.5-5) to (0.1-5).
Optionally, the hot melting temperature of the hot melt adhesive powder is 110-150 ℃, the particle size of the particles is 30-200 meshes, and the pre-curing gas-forming process and the cutting process of the autoclaved aerated concrete plate are not influenced. In the preparation process (specifically, the autoclaved curing stage) of the autoclaved aerated concrete plate, different components in the hot melt adhesive powder are sequentially melted from solid particles into liquid, and are uniformly dispersed on the surface of air holes in the autoclaved aerated concrete plate, and are sequentially hardened after the ambient temperature is lower than the freezing point of each component in the hot melt adhesive powder in the cooling stage to be cooled, and different components in the hot melt adhesive powder are overlapped to form a film, so that a continuous multi-layer polymer film is formed on the surface of the air holes, and the toughness in the autoclaved aerated concrete plate is further enhanced.
The polyurethane hot melt adhesive powder is Thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer (TPU), which is also called Thermoplastic polyurethane rubber (TPU), and is An (AB) n type block linear polymer, wherein A is polyester or polyether with high molecular weight (1000-6000), B is diol containing 2-12 straight chain carbon atoms, and the chemical structure between AB chain segments is diisocyanate. TPU relies on intermolecular hydrogen bond crosslinking or macromolecular interchain slight crosslinking, and the two crosslinking structures have reversibility along with the increase or decrease of temperature. The intermolecular force is weakened in a molten state or a solution state, and the intermolecular force is strongly connected together after cooling or solvent volatilization, so that the performance of the original solid is recovered. Typical TPU's such as spandex and the like.
The copolyamide is polyamide formed by copolymerizing a plurality of dibasic acids and one or more kinds of diamine, copolymerizing a plurality of kinds of diamine and one or more kinds of dibasic acids, copolymerizing lactam and amino acid or copolymerizing a mixture of the dibasic acids and the diamine and the lactam. The copolyamide is one of the polyamides (Polyamide, PA).
For example: polyamide 6/66 made from caprolactam, hexamethylenediamine and adipic acid and having the formula: [ NH- (CH) 2 ) 6 -NH-CO-(CH 2 ) 4 -CO] n -[NH-(CH 2 ) 5 -CO] m 。
Alternatively, polyamide 66/610 made from hexamethylenediamine, adipic acid and sebacic acid,the chemical formula is as follows: [ NH- (CH) 2 ) 6 -NH-CO-(CH 2 ) 4 -CO] n -[NH-(CH 2 ) 6 -NH-CO-(CH 2 ) 8 -CO] m 。
The copolyester hot melt adhesive powder is a thermoplastic product obtained by esterifying dibasic acid and dihydric alcohol, and is generally prepared from dimethyl terephthalate, isophthalic acid, ethylene glycol, butanediol and the like.
Polyethylene glycol succinate (PES) is a chemically synthesized biodegradable polyester, also known as polyethylene glycol succinate.
In other possible implementations, the polysiloxane-polyalkoxy ether copolymer is a yellow or tan oil-like viscous transparent liquid having the chemical formula:
wherein R independently represents a hydrocarbon group having no aliphatic unsaturated bond; x is an integer from 2 to 4; m is an integer of 1 to 200; n is represented by (C) x H 2x O) n The molecular weight of the polyether moiety is 400 to 5000.
The polysiloxane-polyalkoxy ether copolymer can stabilize and homogenize bubbles, reduce the size of bubbles and increase the closed pore rate in the preparation process (such as a gas forming pre-curing stage), and can reduce the volume density difference of the upper, middle and lower parts of an autoclaved aerated concrete plate, so that the density distribution of air holes and materials is more uniform, the air hole structure is obviously improved, and the effect of hole stringing is reduced, thereby improving the strength of the autoclaved aerated concrete.
In other possible implementations, the silane coupling agent is a combination of one or more silane coupling agents having the formula Y-R-SiX; wherein Y represents an organic group, X represents a group which can be hydrolyzed to form Si-OH, and R is a carbon chain having a saturated or unsaturated bond.
The molecular structure of the main component of the silane coupling agent simultaneously has a hydrophilic functional group and a hydrophobic functional group, wherein the hydrophilic functional group is a polar group, and after the silane coupling agent is doped into the self-hydrophobic autoclaved aerated concrete slab, the silane coupling agent can continuously perform silane hydrolysis reaction with the solid waste material and be attached to the surface of the solid waste material at each stage of the preparation process of the autoclaved aerated concrete slab, so that the silane coupling agent has the function of further improving the cohesion between organic and inorganic phases in the slab.
The silane coupling agent is a mixture of vinyl triethoxysilane and n-octyl triethoxysilane in a mass ratio of 1:1, and the third hydrophobic additive has the characteristics of high boiling point, high flash point and the like, so that the third hydrophobic additive has obvious advantages in safety and operation processes.
Illustratively, vinyltriethoxysilane has the formula CH 2 ＝CHSi(OC 2 H 5 ) 3 Is in a liquid state; n-octyl triethoxysilane having the formula CH 3 (CH 2 ) 7 Si(OC 2 H 5 ) 3 In the form of powder.
In some embodiments, a net cage is embedded in the high-performance autoclaved aerated concrete plate, the net cage comprises two net sheet bodies and a reinforcement body, the two net sheet bodies are arranged in parallel at intervals, and the reinforcement body is positioned between the two net sheet bodies; at least one of the net sheet body and the reinforcement body adopts composite threaded reinforcement, and the material of the composite threaded reinforcement comprises a fiber material and a resin material.
The composite threaded rib material prepared from the limiting material and the resin material has the advantages of light weight, small expansion coefficient and the like, and can prevent the autoclaved aerated concrete plate from expanding and cracking.
In some possible implementations, the composite thread rib material is a novel composite material formed by impregnating a fiber material with a resin material (such as epoxy resin, polyethylene resin, polypeptide ammonia resin, and the like), and then adding a proper amount of an auxiliary agent to the fiber material and performing thermoplastic extrusion and drawing through a special die.
Illustratively, the composite threaded rib material is a composite threaded rib made of carbon fibers, the heat-resistant temperature of the composite threaded rib material is as high as 500 ℃, and the composite threaded rib material can still have good working performance at a higher steam-curing temperature.
Wherein, the net sheet body and the reinforcement body adopt the fiber bandage to bind and connect, and brush on high temperature resistant epoxy glue outside to guarantee the structural strength of cylinder mould.
Optionally, the standard diameter of the mesh body and the reinforcement body in the mesh cage is more than or equal to 4mm, and the mesh cage conforms to the reinforcement standard of national autoclaved aerated concrete plates (GB/T15762-2020).
On the other hand, the embodiment of the disclosure provides a preparation method, and the preparation method is suitable for preparing the high-performance autoclaved aerated concrete plate.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
step one, wet grinding and pulping solid waste materials to prepare solid waste slurry.
Exemplarily, measuring the moisture content of the tail mud, the tail sand, the slag and the desulfurized gypsum, and calculating the proportion of each solid waste material; the material mixing ratio is measured by a belt weigher, the solid waste material is wet-milled and pulped by a wet ball mill, the water content of the solid waste slurry is 35-41%, and the particle size is 20-30% of 80um screen residue.
And step two, preheating the casting stirrer for 10s by using steam, adding the metered solid waste slurry, and stirring for 20-30s. Adding a water reducing agent and a crystal nucleus inducer into the solid waste slurry according to the mass parts, and stirring for 30-40s; adding cement, lime and aluminum powder paste into the solid waste slurry according to the mass part, and stirring for 30-40s to form slurry.
Optionally, the crystal nucleus inducer is added into the solid waste slurry, and simultaneously, the reinforcing fiber powder and the toughening agent are added.
Pouring the pouring slurry into the mold; wherein the mould is made of carbon steel and is coated with demoulding oil before pouring.
And step four, embedding the net cage into the mold, and enabling the net cage to be immersed into the pouring slurry.
Illustratively, a mesh cage is fixed on an automatic circulation saddle frame with a steel chisel by using a buckle, a binding band and the like, and then is inserted into a mold for containing pouring slurry; and after the gas generation precuring is finished, the steel drill rod is pulled out, and the mesh cage is reserved in the blank.
And step five, standing the pouring slurry in a constant temperature environment for gas generation and initial setting (or called gas generation pre-curing), and setting time to obtain the plate blank.
Optionally, immediately moving the casting slurry inserted into the mesh cage and the carbon steel mould into a pre-curing static stop chamber, wherein the temperature of the pre-curing static stop chamber is constant at 40-55 ℃, standing the casting slurry in the pre-curing static stop chamber for gas formation and initial setting, and obtaining a slab body of the autoclaved aerated concrete after a set time (for example, 2-3 h).
Step six, demolding the plate blank body, and processing and shaping to obtain a semi-finished product blank body; the processing and shaping comprises groove milling, longitudinal cutting and transverse cutting, and after the cutting is finished, the upper surface, the lower surface and the peripheral scrap materials are removed by utilizing a turnover plate blank of a crane.
And seventhly, performing constant-temperature autoclaved curing on the semi-finished blank to obtain the high-performance autoclaved aerated concrete plate.
In some embodiments, the semi-finished blank is subjected to constant-temperature autoclave curing, which includes:
and step seven-1, putting the semi-finished blank into a still kettle. A plurality of semi-finished blanks can be grouped and then put into the autoclave together, so that the yield of the plate is improved.
And seventhly-2, vacuumizing the autoclave to ensure that the air pressure in the autoclave is lower than-0.06 MPa.
After the semi-finished blank is put into the kettle, closing the kettle door interlocking handle, and plugging the safety limiting block; closing the drain valves at the bottoms of the two kettles; confirming the display kettle locking on the control box; removing accumulated water in the vacuum pump, starting the vacuum pump, opening a cooling water valve, opening a main valve of a vacuumizing cylinder, opening a valve of a kettle to be vacuumized, vacuumizing for about 30min, and vacuumizing for 20min after the negative pressure reaches-0.06 MPa; after the vacuum pumping is finished, the valve of the vacuum pumping kettle is closed, and then the branch cylinder main valve (which can be normally opened), the cooling water valve and the vacuum pump are closed in sequence.
And seventhly-3, injecting steam into the autoclave until the air pressure in the autoclave is 1.2Mpa and the temperature is 200 ℃.
In the initial stage of air guiding, namely the first 40 minutes of air guiding, slow air inlet is maintained, and the steam inlet flow is 500 kilograms; after 40 minutes, the air inflow is gradually increased in stages, 1000 kilograms of air inflow is increased every 30 minutes, and the maximum steam air inflow is 4000 kilograms.
Before the pressure is 0.5MPa, the steam inlet flow rate is not more than 6000 kg; from the kettle entering to the pressure rising to 1.20MPa, the time duration should be controlled to be 4 hours to 4 half hours; when the pressure is increased to 1.20MPa, air is continuously fed until the pressure reaches 1.25MPa; when the pressure exceeds 1.20MPa, the constant-pressure time duration is started, and the constant-temperature and constant-pressure time duration of the plate is 7 hours.
In the initial stage of steam guiding, the blow-down valve needs to be fully opened; when the pressure in the kettle is reduced to 0.01MPa, closing one third of the blow-down valve; when the pressure in the kettle is 0.07MPa, closing two thirds of the blow-down valve; when the pressure in the kettle rises to 0.55MPa, all the blow-off valves are closed.
And step seven-4, maintaining the pressure in the autoclave at 1.2Mpa and the temperature at 200 ℃ for 7 hours.
Seventhly-5, after the constant pressure time is finished, controlling the air pressure in the autoclave to slowly decrease from 1.2Mpa to 0.9Mpa, and controlling the time to be 30 minutes; when the pressure is reduced from 0.9MPa to 0.3MPa, the time is controlled to be 40 minutes; fully opening a valve below 0.3MPa to exhaust steam or pouring steam pressure to the new kettle, and then fully opening to exhaust steam.
And seventhly-6, taking the plate out of the autoclave to finish the constant-temperature autoclave curing of the semi-finished blank.
Furthermore, the curing steam of the preparation method disclosed by the invention is waste residual steam of a coal-fired power plant, in particular supersaturated steam with the temperature of over 240 ℃.
In order to further illustrate the performance of the high-performance autoclaved aerated concrete plate provided by the disclosure under different component proportions, namely different preparation process parameters, the following comparative examples are designed:
example 1
1088kg of tail mud, 750kg of tail sand, 560kg of furnace slag and 93kg of desulfurized gypsum are respectively put into a ball mill for wet milling pulping to form solid waste slurry, the water content of the obtained solid waste slurry is 38%, and the particle size of the obtained solid waste slurry is 22% of 80um screen residue.
Sequentially adding 16kg of polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent, 3.1kg of crystal nucleus inducer, 3.1kg of reinforcing fiber powder and 47kg of toughening agent into the solid waste slurry, and stirring for 40s again; then 404kg of cement and 218kg of lime are added and stirred for 40s, finally 3kg of aluminum paste is added and evenly dispersed for 35s to form slurry, and then the pouring slurry is poured into the carbon steel mould coated with the demolding oil.
The temperature of the pre-curing stilling chamber is constant at 45 ℃, and the stilling time is 200min.
And (3) processing and shaping a semi-finished blank with the length, width and height of 2400mm x 600mm x 200mm after demoulding the blank body.
And (3) conveying the mixture to an autoclave for autoclave curing for 7 hours at the temperature of 200 +/-10 ℃ and under the pressure of 1.1 +/-0.5 MPa, and obtaining an autoclaved aerated concrete slab finished product after curing.
The high-performance autoclaved aerated concrete plate prepared in example 1 is detected according to the standard GB/T15762-2020 of autoclaved aerated concrete slab, and the main performances are detailed in Table 1.
Example 2
750kg of tail mud, 1088kg of tail sand, 280kg of furnace slag and 310kg of desulfurized gypsum are respectively put into a ball mill for wet grinding and pulping to form solid waste slurry, the water content of the obtained solid waste slurry is 36%, and the particle size is 20% of 80um screen residue.
Sequentially adding 32kg of polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent, 15kg of crystal nucleus inducer, 31kg of reinforcing fiber powder and 94kg of toughening agent into the solid waste slurry, and stirring for 40 seconds again; then adding 218kg of cement and 404kg of lime, stirring for 40s, finally adding 3kg of aluminum paste, uniformly dispersing for 35s to form slurry, and pouring the pouring slurry into the carbon steel mold coated with the demolding oil.
The temperature of the pre-curing stilling chamber is constant at 45 ℃, and the stilling time is 200min.
And (3) processing and shaping a semi-finished blank with the length, width and height of 2400mm x 600mm x 200mm after demoulding the blank body.
And (3) conveying the mixture to an autoclave for autoclave curing for 7 hours at the temperature of 200 +/-10 ℃ and under the pressure of 1.1 +/-0.5 MPa, and obtaining an autoclaved aerated concrete slab finished product after curing.
The high-performance autoclaved aerated concrete plate prepared in example 2 is detected according to the standard GB/T15762-2020 of autoclaved aerated concrete slab, and the main performances are detailed in Table 1.
Example 3
840kg of tail mud, 870kg of tail sand, 404kg of slag and 187kg of desulfurized gypsum are respectively put into a ball mill for wet grinding and pulping to form solid waste slurry, the water content of the obtained solid waste slurry is 39%, and the particle size is 24% of 80um screen residue.
Sequentially adding 60kg of polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent, 31kg of crystal nucleus inducer, 62kg of reinforcing fiber powder and 155kg of toughening agent into the solid waste slurry, and stirring for 40 seconds again; then 280kg of cement and 280kg of lime are added, stirred for 40s, finally 3kg of aluminum paste is added, and evenly dispersed for 35s to form slurry, and then the slurry is poured into a carbon steel mould coated with the demolding oil.
The temperature of the pre-curing stilling chamber is constant at 45 ℃, and the stilling time is 200min.
And (3) processing and shaping a semi-finished blank with the length, width and height of 2400mm x 600mm x 200mm after demoulding the blank body.
And (3) conveying the mixture to an autoclave for autoclave curing for 7 hours at the temperature of 200 +/-10 ℃ and under the pressure of 1.1 +/-0.5 MPa, and obtaining an autoclaved aerated concrete slab finished product after curing.
The high-performance autoclaved aerated concrete plate prepared in example 3 is detected according to the standard GB/T15762-2020 of autoclaved aerated concrete slab, and the main properties are detailed in Table 1.
Example 4
1088kg of tail mud, 750kg of tail sand, 560kg of furnace slag and 93kg of desulfurized gypsum are respectively put into a ball mill for wet grinding and pulping to form solid waste slurry, the water content of the obtained solid waste slurry is 39%, and the particle size is 25% of 80um screen residue.
Sequentially adding 6kg of polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent, 3.1kg of crystal nucleus inducer, 3.1kg of reinforcing fiber powder and 155kg of flexibilizer into the solid waste slurry, and stirring for 40s again; then 404kg of cement and 218kg of lime are added and stirred for 40s, finally 3kg of aluminum paste is added and evenly dispersed for 35s to form slurry, and then the slurry is poured into a carbon steel mould coated with the demolding oil.
The temperature of the pre-curing stilling chamber is constant at 45 ℃, and the stilling time is 200min.
And (3) processing and shaping a semi-finished blank with the length, width and height of 2400mm x 600mm x 200mm after demoulding the blank body.
And (3) conveying the mixture to an autoclave for autoclave curing for 7 hours at the temperature of 200 +/-10 ℃ and under the pressure of 1.1 +/-0.5 MPa, and obtaining an autoclaved aerated concrete slab finished product after curing.
The high-performance autoclaved aerated concrete plate prepared in the example 4 is detected according to the standard GB/T15762-2020, and the main performances are detailed in the table 1.
Example 5
1088kg of tail mud, 750kg of tail sand, 560kg of furnace slag and 93kg of desulfurized gypsum are respectively put into a ball mill for wet grinding and pulping to form solid waste slurry, the water content of the obtained solid waste slurry is 39%, and the particle size is 25% of 80um screen residue.
Sequentially adding 16kg of polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent, 3.1kg of crystal nucleus inducer and 31kg of reinforcing fiber into the solid waste slurry, and stirring for 40 seconds again; then 404kg of cement and 218kg of lime are added and stirred for 40s, finally 3kg of aluminum paste is added and evenly dispersed for 35s to form slurry, and then the slurry is poured into a carbon steel mould coated with the demolding oil.
The temperature of the pre-curing stilling chamber is constant at 45 ℃, and the stilling time is 200min.
And (3) processing and shaping a semi-finished blank with the length, width and height of 2400mm x 600mm x 200mm after demoulding the blank body.
And (3) conveying the mixture to an autoclave for autoclave curing for 7 hours at the temperature of 200 +/-10 ℃ and under the pressure of 1.1 +/-0.5 MPa, and obtaining an autoclaved aerated concrete slab finished product after curing.
The high-performance autoclaved aerated concrete plate prepared in example 5 is detected according to the standard GB/T15762-2020 of autoclaved aerated concrete slab, and the main performances are detailed in Table 1.
Example 6
1088kg of tail mud, 750kg of tail sand, 560kg of furnace slag and 93kg of desulfurized gypsum are respectively put into a ball mill for wet grinding and pulping to form solid waste slurry, the water content of the obtained solid waste slurry is 39%, and the particle size is 22% of 80um screen residue.
Sequentially adding 16kg of polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent, 31kg of crystal nucleus inducer, 3.1kg of reinforcing fiber powder and 47kg of toughening agent into the solid waste slurry, and stirring for 40 seconds again; then 404kg of cement and 218kg of lime are added and stirred for 40s, finally 3kg of aluminum paste is added and evenly dispersed for 35s to form slurry, and then the slurry is poured into a carbon steel mould coated with the demolding oil.
The temperature of the pre-curing stilling chamber is constant at 45 ℃, and the stilling time is 200min.
And (3) processing and shaping a semi-finished blank with the length, width and height of 2400mm x 600mm x 200mm after demoulding the blank body.
And (3) conveying the mixture to an autoclave for autoclave curing for 7 hours at the temperature of 200 +/-10 ℃ and under the pressure of 1.1 +/-0.5 MPa, and obtaining an autoclaved aerated concrete slab finished product after curing.
The high-performance autoclaved aerated concrete plate prepared in example 6 is detected according to the standard GB/T15762-2020 of autoclaved aerated concrete slab, and the main performances are detailed in Table 1.
Comparative example
The comparative example is based on example 1, and does not add a crystal nucleus inducer, reinforcing fiber powder and a toughening agent on the premise of not changing the proportion of other raw materials and the process flow.
1088kg of tail mud, 750kg of tail sand, 560kg of furnace slag and 93kg of desulfurized gypsum are put into a ball mill for wet grinding and pulping to form solid waste slurry, the water content of the obtained solid waste slurry is 39%, and the particle size is 80um, and the residue is 22% after sieving.
And sequentially adding 16kg of polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent, 404kg of cement and 218kg of lime into the solid waste slurry, stirring for 40s, finally adding 3kg of aluminum powder paste, uniformly dispersing for 35s to form slurry, and pouring the slurry into a carbon steel mold coated with the demolding oil.
The temperature of the pre-curing stilling chamber is constant at 45 ℃, and the stilling time is 200min.
And (3) processing and shaping a semi-finished blank with the length, width and height of 2400mm x 600mm x 200mm after demoulding the blank body.
And (3) carrying out constant-temperature autoclaved curing on the cut autoclaved aerated concrete blank by using an autoclave, wherein the temperature is 200 +/-5 ℃, the pressure is 1.2 +/-0.1 MPa, and the autoclaved curing time is 7h, and obtaining the finished autoclaved aerated concrete slab after curing.
The autoclaved aerated concrete plate prepared according to the comparative ratio is detected according to the GB/T15762-2020 Standard, and the main properties are detailed in Table 1.
TABLE 1 comparison of the Properties of the sheets prepared in examples 1-6 and comparative examples
As can be seen from the above table, in examples 1 to 3 of the present disclosure, in the proportion and the process flow of each raw material, the density of the autoclaved aerated concrete slab does not change significantly with the increase of the crystal nucleus inducer, the reinforcing fiber powder and the toughening agent, and the compressive strength and the flexural strength are gradually increased.
In examples 4 to 6 of the present disclosure, the solid waste material, the crystal nucleus inducer and the reinforcing fiber powder are the same as in example 1, but the addition ratio of the toughening agent in example 4 is increased compared to example 1, and the flexural strength is also increased to a significant extent compared to example 1; example 5 compared with example 1, the proportion of the reinforcing fiber powder is increased, and the compressive strength is obviously increased compared with example 1; example 6 the proportion of the nucleus inducer was increased compared to example 1, and the compressive strength was increased to a significant extent compared to example 1.
Compared with the embodiment 1, the proportion of the other raw materials except the crystal nucleus inducer, the reinforced fiber powder and the toughening agent is not changed, and the compression strength and the breaking strength of the plate and the single square bearing capacity are reduced to different degrees from the data, so that the influence of the crystal nucleus inducer, the reinforced fiber powder and the toughening agent on the compression strength and the breaking strength of the autoclaved aerated concrete plate is larger.
In addition, the composite threaded rib material disclosed by the invention is adopted in the embodiments 1-6, and the common reinforcing steel bars are adopted in the comparative examples, so that the deadweight of the plate (the density of the plate is reduced) can be greatly reduced by replacing the reinforcing steel bars with the composite threaded rib material, and the strength of the plate is not influenced.
In another aspect, embodiments of the present disclosure provide a building including the autoclaved aerated concrete slab of the present disclosure, thereby having all the advantageous technical effects of the present disclosure.
In the description of the present specification, the terms "first", "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implying any number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more features. In the description of the present disclosure, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically limited otherwise.
Reference to the description of the terms "certain embodiments," "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "illustrative embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples" means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the disclosure.
The above description is intended only to illustrate the present disclosure, and not to limit the present disclosure, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements, etc. made within the principle of the present disclosure should be included in the scope of the present disclosure.
Claims (10)
1. The high-performance autoclaved aerated concrete plate is characterized by comprising the following substances in parts by weight:
72-80 parts of solid waste material, 7-13 parts of cement, 7-13 parts of lime, 0.2-2 parts of water reducing agent, 0.02-0.08 part of aluminum paste and 0.1-1 part of crystal nucleus inducer;
wherein the solid waste material comprises tail mud, tail sand, furnace slag and desulfurized gypsum; the crystal nucleus inducer is used for promoting crystallization of other substances to form tobermorite in the hydrothermal synthesis reaction process.
2. The high-performance autoclaved aerated concrete panel according to claim 1, wherein the crystal nucleus inducing agent comprises calcium silicate hydrate nano crystal nucleus agent, wherein the molar ratio of calcium element and silicon element is 5:6.
3. The high-performance autoclaved aerated concrete plate according to claim 1, further comprising 0.1-2 parts of reinforcing fiber powder, wherein the reinforcing fiber powder comprises basalt fiber powder, glass fiber powder and carbon fiber powder which are mixed according to a mass ratio of 1 (0.1-0.5) to (0.1-1).
4. The high-performance autoclaved aerated concrete panel according to claim 3, wherein the fiber sizes of the basalt fiber powder, the glass fiber powder and the carbon fiber powder are in the range of 0.5-1mm.
5. The high-performance autoclaved aerated concrete slab according to claim 1, further comprising 1.5-5 parts of a toughening agent; the toughening agent comprises hot melt adhesive powder, polysiloxane-poly alkoxy ether copolymer and silane coupling agent which are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1 (0.1-5) to (0.1-5).
6. The high-performance autoclaved aerated concrete plate as claimed in claim 5, wherein the hot melt adhesive powder comprises polyurethane hot melt adhesive powder, copolyamide hot melt adhesive powder and copolyester hot melt adhesive powder which are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1 (0.5-5) to (0.1-5).
7. The high-performance autoclaved aerated concrete panel according to claim 1, wherein a net cage is embedded in the high-performance autoclaved aerated concrete panel, the net cage comprises two net sheets and a reinforcement body, the two net sheets are arranged in parallel at intervals, and the reinforcement body is positioned between the two net sheets;
at least one of the net body and the reinforcing body adopts a composite threaded rib material, and the material of the composite threaded rib material comprises a fiber material and a resin material.
8. A preparation method, which is suitable for preparing the high-performance autoclaved aerated concrete plate as described in any one of claims 1-7;
the preparation method comprises the following steps:
wet grinding and pulping the solid waste material to prepare solid waste slurry;
adding the water reducing agent and the crystal nucleus inducer into the solid waste slurry according to the mass parts, and stirring for 30-40s; adding the cement, the lime and the aluminum powder paste into the solid waste slurry according to the mass part, and stirring for 30-40s to form slurry;
pouring the pouring slurry into a mold;
embedding a net cage into the mould, and enabling the net cage to be immersed into the pouring slurry;
standing the pouring slurry in a constant temperature environment to generate gas for initial setting, and setting time to obtain a plate blank;
demolding the plate blank body, and processing and shaping to obtain a semi-finished blank body;
and carrying out constant-temperature autoclaved curing on the semi-finished blank to obtain the high-performance autoclaved aerated concrete plate.
9. The preparation method according to claim 8, wherein the constant-temperature autoclave curing of the semi-finished blank comprises:
putting the semi-finished blank into a still kettle;
vacuumizing the autoclave;
injecting steam into the autoclave;
maintaining the conditions of air pressure and temperature in the autoclave;
after the time is set, controlling the steam discharge of the still kettle;
and finishing constant-temperature steam-pressure curing of the semi-finished blank.
10. A building comprising the high performance autoclaved aerated concrete slab of any one of claims 1 to 7.
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