CN115385632B - Salt-freezing-resistant concrete, highway guardrail and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Salt-freezing-resistant concrete, highway guardrail and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 237
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 title abstract description 25
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 12
- -1 salt ion Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 9
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 25
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 18
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 15
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 14
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 7
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 7
- GRWPEXLRROVDML-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ca].ClOCl Chemical compound [Ca].ClOCl GRWPEXLRROVDML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 5
- ITCAUAYQCALGGV-XTICBAGASA-M sodium;(1r,4ar,4br,10ar)-1,4a-dimethyl-7-propan-2-yl-2,3,4,4b,5,6,10,10a-octahydrophenanthrene-1-carboxylate Chemical compound [Na+].C([C@@H]12)CC(C(C)C)=CC1=CC[C@@H]1[C@]2(C)CCC[C@@]1(C)C([O-])=O ITCAUAYQCALGGV-XTICBAGASA-M 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012615 aggregate Substances 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UWBXKISLLOASRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium dihypochlorite hydrate Chemical compound O.[Ca++].[O-]Cl.[O-]Cl UWBXKISLLOASRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011083 cement mortar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005429 filling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009746 freeze damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009938 salting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005185 salting out Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010257 thawing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
- C04B28/04—Portland cements
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01F—ADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, OR THE LIKE
- E01F15/00—Safety arrangements for slowing, redirecting or stopping errant vehicles, e.g. guard posts or bollards; Arrangements for reducing damage to roadside structures due to vehicular impact
- E01F15/02—Continuous barriers extending along roads or between traffic lanes
- E01F15/08—Continuous barriers extending along roads or between traffic lanes essentially made of walls or wall-like elements ; Cable-linked blocks
- E01F15/081—Continuous barriers extending along roads or between traffic lanes essentially made of walls or wall-like elements ; Cable-linked blocks characterised by the use of a specific material
- E01F15/083—Continuous barriers extending along roads or between traffic lanes essentially made of walls or wall-like elements ; Cable-linked blocks characterised by the use of a specific material using concrete
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/20—Resistance against chemical, physical or biological attack
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/76—Use at unusual temperatures, e.g. sub-zero
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/50—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
Abstract
The application discloses anti-salt-freezing concrete, a highway guardrail and a preparation method thereof, wherein the concrete comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of cement, 8-11 parts of fly ash, 5-8 parts of coal-series metakaolin, 160-200 parts of fine aggregate, 240-270 parts of coarse aggregate, 38-42 parts of water and 1-1.3 parts of water reducer, wherein the coal-series metakaolin is prepared by crushing, grinding, dehydrating and decarbonizing the coal-series metakaolin. Under the combined action of physical adsorption and chemical combination of coal-series metakaolin, the combination property of chloride ions in cement paste is improved, so that the transmission of aggressive chloride ions is blocked, and the anti-deicing salt ion erosion property of concrete is improved. On the basis of the concrete, the preparation method of the concrete guardrail provided by the application utilizes the concrete combined with aggregate throwing and filling technology, so that the service life of the concrete guardrail in the ice salt scattering and severe cold areas is prolonged.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of building materials, in particular to salt-freezing-resistant concrete, a highway guardrail and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Cement concrete pavement occupies a large part of traffic infrastructure, and in the northern severe cold region of China, the traffic safety of the pavement can be ensured by scattering ice and salt. However, some cement concrete barriers exhibit premature damaging deterioration (mainly manifested as cracking and flaking) at the junction with the road surface after the salting operation, which seriously affects the aesthetics and the service life thereof. This is because under the combined action of freeze thawing cycle and deicing salt ion erosion, calcium hydroxide and calcium chloride in concrete react with water to form calcium oxychloride hydrate, and expansion pressure generated by crystal form transformation can lead to salt freezing coupling deicing salt erosion damage of the material.
There are many technical measures for solving the freeze injury and salt corrosion of a concrete structure, wherein the main technical approach is to adopt an expensive additive, and the technical proposal of regulating and controlling the material composition and improving the production process without increasing the production cost is very rare. The application is a technical scheme which can obviously enhance the salt freezing resistance and has the advantages of materials, process and cost.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides anti-salt-freezing concrete, a highway guardrail and a preparation method thereof, which aim to solve the technical problem that the existing concrete is easy to erode and destroy salt-freezing coupling deicing salt in severe cold areas.
According to one aspect of the application, there is provided a concrete comprising the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of cement, 8-11 parts of fly ash, 5-8 parts of coal-series metakaolin, 160-200 parts of fine aggregate, 240-270 parts of coarse aggregate, 38-42 parts of water and 1-1.3 parts of water reducer, wherein the coal-series metakaolin is prepared by crushing, grinding, dehydrating and decarbonizing the coal-series metakaolin.
Further, the coal-based metakaolin is prepared by crushing and grinding coal-based metakaolin, and then dehydrating and decarbonizing at 700-900 ℃, wherein the specific surface area of the coal-based metakaolin is not less than 1110m 2 And/kg, the loss on ignition is not more than 0.97%.
Further, the components of the concrete also comprise 0.2 to 0.5 part of sodium abietate air entraining agent.
Further, the cement is Portland cement; and/or the fine aggregate is river sand; and/or the coarse aggregate is crushed stone with 5-31.5 mm continuous grading; and/or the water reducer is a polycarboxylic acid high-efficiency water reducer, and the solid content is not less than 20%; and/or the apparent density of the fly ash is not less than 2280kg/m 3 Specific surface area is not less than 366m 2 /kg。
According to another aspect of the present application, there is also provided a method for preparing concrete, comprising the steps of:
(1) Stirring cement, fly ash and coal-series metakaolin for the first time to obtain mixed powder;
(2) Adding fine aggregate and coarse aggregate into the mixed powder, and stirring for the second time to obtain a mixture;
(3) Adding water and a water reducing agent into the mixture, stirring for the third time to obtain the concrete,
wherein, the water reducing agent is added within 1 min.
According to another aspect of the present application, there is also provided a method for preparing a concrete guard rail, comprising the steps of:
s1, dividing a concrete guardrail die into an upper part and a lower part, wherein the lower part of the concrete die is contacted with a pavement;
s2, preparing the concrete and the throwing aggregate into the lower half part of the concrete guardrail by utilizing a lower half part concrete guardrail die, wherein the throwing aggregate is crushed stone with the average particle size of more than 5mm, and the throwing aggregate accounts for 5-20% of the mass of coarse aggregate in the concrete;
s3, on the lower half part of the concrete guardrail, other concrete or the concrete is manufactured into the upper half part of the concrete guardrail by utilizing an upper half part concrete guardrail die;
and S4, demolding and curing after the member is hardened, so as to obtain the concrete guardrail.
Further, the concrete guardrail die is an upright forming die, and the concrete is poured from the upper part of the die during forming; after hardening, demolding is performed from both sides of the mold.
Further, the throwing aggregate is crushed stone with 5-20 mm continuous grading.
Further, the step (2) of preparing the lower half part of the concrete guardrail by the concrete and the throwing aggregate together comprises the following steps:
1) Dividing the throwing and filling aggregate into a plurality of parts;
2) Paving one part of throwing aggregate into a mould; pouring primary concrete into the mould; performing the operations of inserting, tamping and vibrating;
3) And (2) circulating the step (2) until the lower half part concrete guardrail forming die is filled.
According to another aspect of the present application, there is also provided a concrete guard rail prepared by the above method.
The application has the following beneficial effects:
the fly ash and the coal-series metakaolin admixture are simultaneously used in the concrete formula, and the change of the pore structure and the porosity of the cement paste is influenced by two factors of particle accumulation and hydration product formation by virtue of the pozzolan effect and the micro aggregate filling effect of the two mineral admixtures, so that an optimal binding point is formed, the porosity of the material is reduced, the time for the material to reach critical water saturation is prolonged, and the salt freezing resistance of the material is improved; meanwhile, the addition of the coal-series metakaolin can generate secondary hydration reaction with calcium hydroxide serving as a cement hydration product to generate C-S-H gel, so that on one hand, the reactant calcium hydroxide for generating hydrated calcium oxychloride is reduced, and the generation amount of erosion products is reduced; on the other hand, the generation amount of the C-S-H gel is increased, so that the physical adsorption of chloride ions is enhanced, the coal-series metakaolin has higher aluminum phase and can react with chloride ions to generate Friedel salt, the chemical binding capacity of the cementing material is improved, and the combination property of the chloride ions in the cement slurry is improved under the combined action of the physical adsorption and the chemical combination of the coal-series metakaolin, so that the transmission of corrosive chloride ions is blocked, and the anti-deicing salt ion corrosion performance of the concrete is improved.
According to the preparation method of the concrete guardrail, provided by the application, the throwing aggregate which is 5-20% of the mass of the coarse aggregate in the concrete is used together with the concrete to prepare the lower half part of the concrete guardrail (throwing aggregate process), so that the interface performance of the concrete is further optimized, the thickness of a mortar film in the concrete can be remarkably reduced, the interlocking degree among aggregates is enhanced, and the interface transition area is optimized to further improve the salt freezing resistance and physical mechanical property of the material. The cement concrete embodiment of the application has excellent salt freezing resistance and deicing salt ion erosion resistance, and can greatly improve the service life of the concrete guardrail in the ice salt scattering and severe cold areas.
According to the process for throwing and filling the aggregate, which is adopted by the application, the throwing and filling aggregate which is 5-20% of the mass of the coarse aggregate in the concrete is used at the lower half part of the concrete guardrail to be prepared together with the concrete, so that the mortar content is correspondingly reduced, namely the consumption of cement is reduced, the unit price of cement in a bulk raw material of the concrete is highest, the consumption of cement is reduced, and the material cost of the concrete is also reduced.
In addition to the objects, features and advantages described above, the present application has other objects, features and advantages. The present application will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the application and together with the description serve to explain the application. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic view of a concrete guardrail structure in accordance with an embodiment of the present application.
Legend description:
1. the lower half part of the concrete guardrail; 2. the upper half of the concrete guardrail.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantageous technical effects of the present application clearer, the present application will be further described in detail with reference to examples. It should be understood that the examples described in this specification are for the purpose of illustrating the application only and are not intended to limit the application.
For simplicity, only a few numerical ranges are explicitly disclosed herein. However, any lower limit may be combined with any upper limit to form a range not explicitly recited; and any lower limit may be combined with any other lower limit to form a range not explicitly recited, and any upper limit may be combined with any other upper limit to form a range not explicitly recited. Furthermore, each point or individual value between the endpoints of the range is included within the range, although not explicitly recited. Thus, each point or individual value may be combined as a lower or upper limit on itself with any other point or individual value or with other lower or upper limit to form a range that is not explicitly recited.
In the description herein, unless otherwise indicated, "above" and "below" are intended to include the present number, "one or more" means two or more, and "one or more" means two or more.
An embodiment of the first aspect of the present application provides a concrete comprising the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of cement, 8-11 parts of fly ash, 5-8 parts of coal-series metakaolin, 160-200 parts of fine aggregate, 240-270 parts of coarse aggregate, 38-42 parts of water and 1-1.3 parts of water reducer, wherein the coal-series metakaolin is prepared by crushing, grinding, dehydrating and decarbonizing the coal-series metakaolin.
According to the embodiment of the application, 5-8 parts of coal-based metakaolin are added to 100 parts of cement, and the effect is that: (1) replacing a certain amount of cement, thereby reducing the cost; (2) The compactness of the concrete is improved, so that the capability of the concrete for resisting external erosion is enhanced; (3) When the quality of the doped metakaolin is good, the strength and toughness of the concrete can be improved; (4) The addition of a certain amount of coal-series metakaolin has the effect of improving the frost resistance of the concrete.
In an embodiment of the application, the cement is a portland cement, such as PO42.5 portland cement; and/or the fine aggregate is river sand, for example, a river sand modulus of 2.85; and/or the coarse aggregate is crushed stone with 5-31.5 mm continuous grading; and/or the water reducer is a polycarboxylic acid high-efficiency water reducer, the solid content is not less than 20%, for example, the solid content is 25%, 30% or 40%, etc. The apparent density of the fly ash is not less than 2280kg/m 3 Specific surface area is not less than 366m 2 /kg。
In the embodiment of the application, the components of the concrete also comprise 0.2 to 0.5 part of sodium abietate air entraining agent.
According to the embodiment of the application, the sodium abietate air entraining agent generates a large number of tiny bubbles in the stirring process, and is uniformly and mutually independent dispersed in the concrete slurry, so that capillary channels in the slurry are blocked, and moisture is prevented from entering the interior of the concrete structure.
In the embodiment of the application, the coal-based metakaolin is amorphous white powder particles formed by crushing and grinding the coal-based metakaolin, and dehydrating and decarbonizing the crushed coal-based metakaolin at the temperature of between 700 and 900 ℃, wherein the specific surface area of the coal-based metakaolin is not less than 1110m 2 And/kg, the loss on ignition is not more than 0.97%. Thereby ensuring the precondition that the coal-series metakaolin has high chemical activity and gap filling property. The specific surface area is almost three times of that of cement particles, gaps formed by the cement particles can be filled, good chemical activity is maintained, and the cement composite material has the advantages of salt corrosion resistance and freezing resistance. The loss on ignition is controlled within 1%, and impurities such as carbon and water are controlled as much as possible, which is also an important condition for ensuring the activity of metakaolin.
An embodiment of the second aspect of the present application provides a method for preparing concrete, comprising the steps of:
(1) Stirring cement, fly ash and coal-series metakaolin for the first time to obtain mixed powder;
(2) Adding fine aggregate and coarse aggregate into the mixed powder, and stirring for the second time to obtain a mixture;
(3) Adding water and a water reducing agent into the mixture, stirring for the third time to obtain the concrete,
wherein, the water reducing agent is added within 1 min.
According to the embodiment of the application, the method is simple to operate, and the prepared concrete is uniform and fine and has stable material system.
In some embodiments, the concrete preparation process described above is as follows: (1) 100 parts of cement, 8-11 parts of fly ash, 5-8 parts of coal-series metakaolin, 160-200 parts of fine aggregate, 240-270 parts of coarse aggregate, 38-42 parts of water and 1-1.3 parts of water reducer are weighed according to the mass parts of the raw materials; (2) Adding cement, fly ash and coal-series metakaolin into a stirrer for dry stirring for 1min, adding fine aggregate and coarse aggregate into the stirrer and stirring for 1min together with the powder, finally adding water and a water reducer, and stirring for 2min continuously, wherein the water reducer is uniformly added within 1min for uniform mixing, and thus the salt-freezing coupling deicing salt ion corrosion resistant cement concrete is prepared.
An embodiment of a third aspect of the present application provides a method for preparing a concrete guardrail, comprising the steps of:
s1, dividing a concrete guardrail die into an upper part and a lower part, wherein the lower part of the concrete die is contacted with a pavement;
s2, preparing the concrete and the throwing aggregate into the lower half part of the concrete guardrail by utilizing a lower half part concrete guardrail die, wherein the throwing aggregate is crushed stone with the average particle size of more than 5mm, and the throwing aggregate accounts for 5-20% of the mass of coarse aggregate in the concrete;
s3, on the lower half part of the concrete guardrail, other concrete or the concrete is manufactured into the upper half part of the concrete guardrail by utilizing an upper half part concrete guardrail die;
and S4, demolding and curing after the member is hardened, so as to obtain the concrete guardrail.
In the present application, the concrete type of the upper half part of the concrete guardrail prepared in the step S3 is not limited, and may be concrete including cement, water, aggregate and a water reducing agent, or may be commercially available concrete, or may be concrete provided by the embodiment of the first aspect of the present application.
How to reduce the hydrated calcium oxychloride which can be generated in the cementing material is the key to prevent and alleviate the ion erosion damage caused by deicing salts. Meanwhile, reducing the porosity among the cementing materials and improving the interfacial bonding performance among the concrete are important means for improving the salt-freezing resistance and the ion erosion resistance of the concrete. Aiming at the existing concrete guardrail forming process, an integral forming method such as inverted or lateral forming is generally adopted for pouring, but the contact surface of the guardrail and saline water is limited, the upper half part of the concrete guardrail is limited in influence by salt freezing damage, and the salt freezing resistance of the concrete guardrail can be pertinently improved by adopting an upright forming method to pour the concrete guardrail twice.
According to the preparation method of the concrete guardrail, provided by the application, the interface performance of the concrete is further optimized through the aggregate throwing and filling process, the thickness of a mortar film in the concrete can be obviously reduced, the interlocking degree among aggregates is enhanced, and the interface transition area is optimized so as to further improve the salt freezing resistance and deicing salt ion erosion resistance of the material. The cement concrete embodiment of the application has excellent salt freezing resistance and deicing salt ion erosion resistance, and can greatly improve the service life of the concrete in the ice salt scattering and severe cold areas.
In the embodiment of the application, the concrete guardrail die is an upright forming die, and the concrete is poured from the upper part of the die during forming; after hardening, demolding is performed from both sides of the mold.
In the conventional concrete guardrail forming process, the bottom of the guardrail die is upward, the upper part of the guardrail is downward due to the adoption of the turnover die, and the guardrail is lifted and separated from the die after the concrete guardrail is cured and reaches the specified strength. And the concrete guard rail is turned over to be in a normal state when in use.
The novel concrete guardrail provided by the application is a two-stage combined concrete guardrail, as shown in fig. 1, and consists of an upper layer and a lower layer along the height direction, wherein the lower part of the novel concrete guardrail is prepared from cast aggregate concrete, and the upper part of the novel concrete guardrail is prepared from common concrete. Correspondingly, the mould adopted by the application is a cis-position mould, namely the placing state (up-down orientation) of the mould is consistent with the service state of the concrete guardrail.
In some embodiments, the backfill aggregate is 5-20 mm continuous graded crushed stone.
In an embodiment of the present application, the forming of the lower half of the concrete guardrail with the concrete and the casting aggregate in the step (2) includes:
1) Dividing the throwing and filling aggregate into a plurality of parts;
2) Paving one part of throwing aggregate into a mould; pouring primary concrete into the mould; performing the operations of inserting, tamping and vibrating;
3) And (2) circulating the step (2) until the lower half part concrete guardrail forming die is filled.
And adding the last part of casting aggregate into the mould in the last casting operation process, and applying vibration to compact and uniformly mix the concrete.
In some embodiments, in the forming process, concrete pouring flow of the lower half part of the guardrail is as follows: 1) Dividing the thrown aggregate into 3 parts averagely, firstly spreading a layer of aggregate at the bottom of a die; 2) Pouring the mixed salt-resistant coupled ice salt-removing concrete at about 1/2 of the lower half part, namely 1/4 of the whole die, uniformly inserting and tamping 10 times along the edge of the test die by using a concrete tamping rod, and starting a vibrating table for 5-10 s for vibrating; 3) After the bottom is vibrated, a layer of coarse aggregate is paved, concrete which is resistant to salt freezing coupling deicing salt corrosion is continuously poured to the rest lower half part of the die, namely 1/2 part of the whole die, and the method is used for inserting and tamping; 4) And finally, starting a vibrating table for 20-30 s, uniformly adding the last layer of aggregate into the die in the vibrating process, and standing for 1min to discharge bubbles.
When the concrete guardrail is cast and formed, firstly casting the concrete at the bottom, and casting the concrete to a certain height (1/3-1/2 of the total height of the guardrail), casting and filling stones into the die and vibrating. The additional added throwing and filling aggregate accounts for 5-20% of the mass of the coarse aggregate in the concrete. Stopping vibrating when the stone to be thrown and filled is just submerged by the cement mortar, and pouring concrete again until the mould is full.
The application adopts a two-stage combined concrete guardrail structure form from the two aspects of improving the frost resistance and salt corrosion resistance of the concrete guardrail and improving the production efficiency of the guardrail. In the molding process, the upper half concrete pouring flow adopts a common molding process to pour the rest of the mold once.
The lower part of the concrete guardrail is additionally added with a certain proportion of stones because the lower structure is more contacted with rain and snow and is more influenced by the deicing salt, so that the damage of freezing and salting out are more easy to occur. The application adopts the aggregate throwing and filling technology to improve the physical and mechanical properties, especially the frost resistance, of the concrete at the lower part. The cast aggregate concrete is characterized in that on the basis of the concrete mixing proportion, cast aggregate accounting for 5-20% of the mass of coarse aggregate in the original concrete is additionally added, mortar with corresponding volume is replaced, so that the proportion of stones in the concrete is increased, and the distances among stone particles are close to or in a mutually interlocking state.
An embodiment of the third aspect of the present application provides a concrete guard rail divided into an upper half and a lower half, the lower half being made of the concrete provided by the embodiment of the first aspect of the present application, and the method of preparation being as described in the embodiment of the third aspect of the present application. The throwing and filling aggregate further optimizes the interface performance of the concrete, can obviously reduce the thickness of a mortar film in the concrete, enhances the interlocking degree among the aggregates, optimizes the interface transition area to further improve the salt-freezing resistance and deicing salt ion erosion resistance of the material, ensures that the lower part of the concrete guardrail has excellent salt-freezing resistance and deicing salt ion erosion resistance, and can greatly improve the service life of the concrete in ice-salt scattering and severe cold regions. The upper part of the guardrail is limited in influence of salt freezing damage because the guardrail is not contacted with the road surface, and the guardrail can be formed by conventional pouring of ordinary cement.
Examples
The present disclosure is more particularly described in the following examples that are intended as illustrations only, since various modifications and changes within the scope of the present disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Unless otherwise indicated, all parts, percentages, and ratios reported in the examples below are by weight, and all reagents used in the examples are commercially available or were obtained synthetically according to conventional methods and can be used directly without further treatment, as well as the instruments used in the examples.
Example 1
The embodiment provides concrete, which comprises the following components in parts by mass: 100 parts of cement, 42 parts of water, 11 parts of fly ash, 5 parts of coal-series metakaolin, 200 parts of fine aggregate, 270 parts of coarse aggregate and 1.1 parts of water reducer. Wherein, river sand is selected as the fine aggregate, and the modulus is 2.85; the coarse aggregate is crushed stone with continuous grading of 5-31.5 mm; coal-series metakaolin is formed by crushing and grinding coal-series metakaolin screened in the coal production process, and dehydrating and decarbonizing at a proper temperature (700-900 ℃); the water reducer is a polycarboxylic acid high-efficiency water reducer.
The preparation method of the concrete provided by the embodiment comprises the following steps: 100 parts of cement, 11 parts of fly ash, 5 parts of coal-series metakaolin, 200 parts of fine aggregate, 270 parts of coarse aggregate, 42 parts of water and 1.1 parts of water reducer are weighed according to the parts by weight of the raw materials; (2) Adding cement, fly ash and coal-series metakaolin into a stirrer, stirring for 1min, adding fine aggregate and coarse aggregate into the stirrer, stirring for 1min together with the powder, adding water and a water reducer, and stirring for 2min, wherein the water reducer is uniformly added within 1min to be uniformly mixed.
In the embodiment, the concrete is manufactured into the lower half part of the concrete guardrail, and the preparation method is as follows: taking the concrete and the throwing aggregate to jointly form a lower half part component of the concrete guardrail by using a lower half part concrete guardrail forming die, wherein the concrete is specifically as follows: 1) Dividing the thrown aggregate into 3 parts averagely, firstly spreading a layer of aggregate at the bottom of a die; 2) Pouring the mixed salt-resistant coupled ice salt-removing concrete at about 1/2 of the lower half part, namely 1/4 of the whole die, uniformly inserting and tamping 10 times along the edge of the test die by using a concrete tamping rod, and starting a vibrating table for 5-10 s for vibrating; 3) After the bottom is jolted, a layer of coarse aggregate is paved, concrete which is resistant to salt freezing, coupled with deicing salt corrosion is continuously poured to the rest lower half part of the die, namely 1/2 part of the whole die, and the method is used for carrying out the insertion and tamping; 4) And finally, starting the vibrating table for 20-30 s, uniformly adding the last layer of aggregate into the die in the vibrating process, and standing for 1min to discharge bubbles, so as to prepare the lower half part component of the concrete guardrail.
Wherein, the throwing aggregate is broken stone with continuous grain diameter of 5-20 mm, and the consumption of the broken stone is 6 percent of the volume of the finished concrete in the lower half part. The strength of the concrete 28d at the lower half part after molding is 42.8MPa, the content of hydrated calcium oxychloride in a cementing material system is 19.18g/100g, the content of calcium hydroxide is 11.83g/100g, and the mass fraction of CaCl is 20 percent 2 The mass loss after 60 and 120 freeze-thaw cycles in salt solution was 1.84% and 5.61%. The test method is the same as that described below with reference to the quick freezing method in general concrete Long-term Performance and durability test method (GB/T50082-2009).
The upper half part of the guardrail is poured by common concrete and comprises the following components in parts by mass: 100 parts of cement, 42 parts of water, 200 parts of fine aggregate, 270 parts of coarse aggregate and 1 part of water reducer. Wherein, river sand is selected as the fine aggregate, and the modulus is 2.85; the coarse aggregate is crushed stone with continuous grading of 5-31.5 mm. And the upper half part of the concrete pouring process adopts ordinary cement to pour the upper half part of the die at one time, so that the upper half part of the concrete guardrail component is manufactured. The strength of the concrete 28d at the upper half part after molding is 39.3Mpa, the content of hydrated calcium oxychloride in a cementing material system is 27.38g/100g, the content of calcium hydroxide is 15.94g/100g, and the mass fraction of CaCl is 20 percent 2 The mass loss after 60 and 120 freeze-thaw cycles in salt solution was 2.15% and 7.62%.
Example 2
The embodiment provides concrete, which comprises the following components in parts by mass: 100 parts of cement, 42 parts of water, 11 parts of fly ash, 5 parts of coal-series metakaolin, 200 parts of fine aggregate, 270 parts of coarse aggregate and 1.1 parts of water reducer. The content and properties of the raw materials used were the same as in example 1.
Concrete was prepared as described in example 1.
The concrete was made into the lower half of the concrete guardrail according to the preparation method described in example 1, wherein 5-20 mm continuous particle size crushed stone was used as the casting aggregate, which was used in an amount of 12% of the volume of the finished concrete in the lower half.
The strength of the concrete 28d in the lower half after molding is 45.2MPa, and CaCl with mass fraction of 20 percent 2 The mass loss after 60 and 120 freeze-thaw cycles in salt solution was 1.63% and 5.15% (test method was the same as in example 1).
The upper half part of the guardrail is poured by common concrete, the formula and the preparation method are the same as those of the embodiment 1, and the performance of the concrete of the upper half part after molding is equivalent to that of the embodiment 1.
Example 3
The embodiment provides concrete, which comprises the following components in parts by mass: 100 parts of cement, 42 parts of water, 11 parts of fly ash, 5 parts of coal-series metakaolin, 200 parts of fine aggregate, 270 parts of coarse aggregate and 1.1 parts of water reducer. The content and properties of the raw materials used were the same as in example 1.
Concrete was prepared as described in example 1.
The concrete was made into the lower half of the concrete guardrail according to the preparation method described in example 1, wherein 5-20 mm continuous particle size crushed stone was used as the casting aggregate, with a volume of 18% of the volume of the finished concrete in the lower half.
The strength of the concrete 28d in the lower half after molding is 44.6MPa, and CaCl of 20% by mass 2 The mass loss after 60 and 120 freeze-thaw cycles in salt solution was 1.55% and 4.83% (test method was the same as in example 1).
The upper half part of the guardrail is poured by common concrete, the formula and the preparation method are the same as those of the embodiment 1, and the performance of the concrete of the upper half part after molding is equivalent to that of the embodiment 1.
Example 4
The embodiment provides concrete, which comprises the following components in parts by mass: 100 parts of cement, 38 parts of water, 8 parts of fly ash, 8 parts of coal-series metakaolin, 160 parts of fine aggregate, 240 parts of coarse aggregate and 1.3 parts of water reducer. The properties of the raw materials used were the same as in example 1.
Concrete was prepared as described in example 1.
The concrete was made into the lower half of the concrete guardrail according to the preparation method described in example 1, wherein 5-20 mm continuous particle size crushed stone was used as the casting aggregate, in an amount of 6% of the volume occupied in the finished concrete of the lower half.
The strength of the concrete 28d at the lower half part after molding is 56.8MPa, the content of hydrated calcium oxychloride in a cementing material system is 12.28g/100g, the content of calcium hydroxide is 10.11g/100g, and the mass fraction of CaCl is 20 percent 2 The mass loss after 60 and 120 freeze-thaw cycles in salt solution was 1.21% and 3.98% (test method was the same as in example 1).
The upper half part of the guardrail is poured by common concrete and comprises the following components in parts by mass: 100 parts of cement, 38 parts of water, 160 parts of fine aggregate, 240 parts of coarse aggregate and 1.2 parts of water reducer. Wherein, river sand is selected as the fine aggregate, and the modulus is 2.85; the coarse aggregate is crushed stone with continuous grading of 5-31.5 mm. And the upper half part of the concrete pouring process adopts ordinary cement to pour the upper half part of the die at one time, so that the upper half part of the concrete guardrail component is manufactured. The strength of the concrete 28d at the upper half part after molding is 54.2MPa, the content of hydrated calcium oxychloride in a cementing material system is 22.71g/100g, the content of calcium hydroxide is 13.37g/100g, and the mass fraction of CaCl is 20 percent 2 The mass loss after 60 and 120 freeze-thaw cycles in salt solution was 1.46% and 4.86% (test method was the same as in example 1).
Example 5
The embodiment provides concrete, which comprises the following components in parts by mass: 100 parts of cement, 38 parts of water, 8 parts of fly ash, 8 parts of coal-series metakaolin, 160 parts of fine aggregate, 240 parts of coarse aggregate and 1.3 parts of water reducer. The content and properties of the raw materials used were the same as in example 4.
Concrete was prepared as described in example 1.
The concrete was made into the lower half of the concrete guardrail according to the preparation method described in example 1, wherein 5-20 mm continuous particle size crushed stone was used as the casting aggregate, which was used in an amount of 12% of the volume of the finished concrete in the lower half.
The strength of the concrete 28d in the lower half after molding is 59.2MPa, caCl of 20% by mass 2 The mass loss after 60 and 120 freeze-thaw cycles in salt solution was 1.13% and 3.71% (test method was the same as in example 1).
The upper half part of the guardrail is poured by common concrete, the formula and the preparation method are the same as those of the embodiment 4, and the performance of the concrete of the upper half part after molding is equivalent to that of the embodiment 4.
Example 6
The embodiment provides concrete, which comprises the following components in parts by mass: 100 parts of cement, 38 parts of water, 8 parts of fly ash, 8 parts of coal-series metakaolin, 160 parts of fine aggregate, 240 parts of coarse aggregate and 1.3 parts of water reducer. The content and properties of the raw materials used were the same as in example 4.
Concrete was prepared as described in example 1.
The concrete was made into the lower half of the concrete guardrail according to the preparation method described in example 1, wherein 5-20 mm continuous particle size crushed stone was used as the casting aggregate, with a volume of 18% of the volume of the finished concrete in the lower half.
The strength of the concrete 28d in the lower half after molding is 57.6MPa, and CaCl with mass fraction of 20 percent 2 The mass loss after 60 and 120 freeze-thaw cycles in salt solution was 0.96% and 3.44% (test method was the same as in example 1).
The upper half part of the guardrail is poured by common concrete, the formula and the preparation method are the same as those of the embodiment 4, and the performance of the concrete of the upper half part after molding is equivalent to that of the embodiment 4.
Example 7
The embodiment provides concrete, which comprises the following components in parts by mass: 100 parts of cement, 38 parts of water, 8 parts of fly ash, 8 parts of coal-series metakaolin, 160 parts of fine aggregate, 240 parts of coarse aggregate, 1.3 parts of water reducer and 0.3 part of sodium abietate air entraining agent. The content and properties of the other raw materials were the same as in example 4, except for the sodium abietate air entraining agent.
Concrete was prepared as described in example 1.
The concrete was made into the lower half of the concrete guardrail according to the preparation method described in example 1, wherein 5-20 mm continuous particle size crushed stone was used as the casting aggregate, in an amount of 15% of the volume of the finished concrete in the lower half.
The strength of the concrete 28d in the lower half after molding is 50.5MPa, and CaCl with mass fraction of 20% 2 The mass loss after 60 and 120 freeze-thaw cycles in salt solution was 0.42% and 2.38% (test method same as in example 1).
The upper half part of the guardrail is poured by common concrete, the formula and the preparation method are the same as those of the embodiment 4, and the performance of the concrete of the upper half part after molding is equivalent to that of the embodiment 4.
While the application has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, various modifications may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope of the application, and in particular, the technical features set forth in the various embodiments may be combined in any manner so long as there is no structural conflict. The present application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, but encompasses all technical solutions falling within the scope of the claims.
Claims (6)
1. The preparation method of the concrete guardrail is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, dividing a concrete guardrail die into an upper part and a lower part, wherein the lower part of the concrete die is contacted with a pavement;
s2, preparing concrete and a throwing aggregate into the lower half part of the concrete guardrail by utilizing a lower half part concrete guardrail die, wherein the throwing aggregate is crushed stone with the average particle size of more than 5mm, and the throwing aggregate accounts for 5-20% of the mass of coarse aggregate in the concrete; the concrete comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of cement, 8-11 parts of fly ash, 5-8 parts of coal-series metakaolin, 160-200 parts of fine aggregate, 240-270 parts of coarse aggregate, 38-42 parts of water and 1-1.3 parts of water reducer, wherein the coal-series metakaolin is prepared by crushing, grinding, dehydrating and decarbonizing the coal-series metakaolin;
the lower half part of the concrete guardrail is made of concrete and throwing and filling aggregate together comprises:
1) Dividing the throwing and filling aggregate into a plurality of parts, wherein the throwing and filling aggregate is crushed stone with 5-20 mm continuous grading;
2) Paving one part of throwing aggregate into a mould; pouring primary concrete into the mould; performing the operations of inserting, tamping and vibrating;
3) Cycling step 2) until the lower half concrete guardrail forming mold is filled;
s3, manufacturing the concrete or other concrete into an upper half part of the concrete guardrail by using an upper half part concrete guardrail die on a lower half part component of the concrete guardrail;
and S4, demolding and curing after the member is hardened, so as to obtain the concrete guardrail.
2. The method for preparing a concrete guard rail according to claim 1, wherein the concrete guard rail mold is an upright molding mold, and the concrete is poured from above the mold during molding; after hardening, demolding is performed from both sides of the mold.
3. The method for preparing a concrete guardrail according to claim 1, wherein the coal-based metakaolin is prepared by crushing and grinding coal-based metakaolin, and dehydrating and decarbonizing at 700-900 ℃, wherein the specific surface area of the coal-based metakaolin is not less than 1110m 2 And/kg, the loss on ignition is not more than 0.97%.
4. The method of preparing a concrete guardrail according to claim 1, characterized in that the cement is portland cement; and/or
The fine aggregate is river sand; and/or
The coarse aggregate is crushed stone with continuous grading of 5-31.5 mm; and/or
The water reducer is a polycarboxylic acid high-efficiency water reducer, and the solid content is not less than 20%; and/or
The apparent density of the fly ash is not less than 2280kg/m 3 Specific surface area is not less than 366m 2 /kg。
5. The method for preparing a concrete guard rail according to claim 1, wherein the method for preparing the concrete comprises the steps of:
(1) Stirring cement, fly ash and coal-series metakaolin for the first time to obtain mixed powder;
(2) Adding fine aggregate and coarse aggregate into the mixed powder, and stirring for the second time to obtain a mixture;
(3) Adding water and a water reducing agent into the mixture, stirring for the third time to obtain the concrete,
wherein, the water reducing agent is added within 1 min.
6. A concrete guard rail prepared by the method of any one of claims 1 to 5.
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