CN115385632A - Salt-freezing-resistant concrete, highway guardrail and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Salt-freezing-resistant concrete, highway guardrail and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115385632A CN115385632A CN202211060055.2A CN202211060055A CN115385632A CN 115385632 A CN115385632 A CN 115385632A CN 202211060055 A CN202211060055 A CN 202211060055A CN 115385632 A CN115385632 A CN 115385632A
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 title description 28
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 16
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 7
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- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- ITCAUAYQCALGGV-XTICBAGASA-M sodium;(1r,4ar,4br,10ar)-1,4a-dimethyl-7-propan-2-yl-2,3,4,4b,5,6,10,10a-octahydrophenanthrene-1-carboxylate Chemical compound [Na+].C([C@@H]12)CC(C(C)C)=CC1=CC[C@@H]1[C@]2(C)CCC[C@@]1(C)C([O-])=O ITCAUAYQCALGGV-XTICBAGASA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims description 4
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- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 7
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
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- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011083 cement mortar Substances 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
- C04B28/04—Portland cements
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01F—ADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, OR THE LIKE
- E01F15/00—Safety arrangements for slowing, redirecting or stopping errant vehicles, e.g. guard posts or bollards; Arrangements for reducing damage to roadside structures due to vehicular impact
- E01F15/02—Continuous barriers extending along roads or between traffic lanes
- E01F15/08—Continuous barriers extending along roads or between traffic lanes essentially made of walls or wall-like elements ; Cable-linked blocks
- E01F15/081—Continuous barriers extending along roads or between traffic lanes essentially made of walls or wall-like elements ; Cable-linked blocks characterised by the use of a specific material
- E01F15/083—Continuous barriers extending along roads or between traffic lanes essentially made of walls or wall-like elements ; Cable-linked blocks characterised by the use of a specific material using concrete
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/20—Resistance against chemical, physical or biological attack
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/76—Use at unusual temperatures, e.g. sub-zero
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/50—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Road Paving Structures (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses salt-frost-resistant concrete, a highway guardrail and a preparation method thereof, wherein the concrete comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of cement, 8-11 parts of fly ash, 5-8 parts of coal-series metakaolin, 160-200 parts of fine aggregate, 240-270 parts of coarse aggregate, 38-42 parts of water and 1-1.3 parts of water reducing agent, wherein the coal-series metakaolin is prepared by crushing, grinding, dehydrating and decarbonizing coal-series kaolin. Under the combined action of physical adsorption and chemical combination of coal series metakaolin, the combination property of chloride ions in the cement paste is improved, so that the transmission of aggressive chloride ions is hindered, and the anti-deicing salt ion corrosion property of concrete is improved. On the basis of the concrete, the preparation method of the concrete guardrail provided by the invention utilizes the concrete combined with the aggregate throwing and filling process, thereby prolonging the service life of the concrete guardrail in ice salt spreading and cold regions.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of building materials, in particular to salt-frost-resistant concrete, a highway guardrail and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The cement concrete pavement occupies a large part of traffic infrastructure, and in severe cold areas in northern China, the driving safety of the pavement can be ensured by spreading deicing salt. However, some cement concrete barriers suffer from premature deterioration of the joint with the road surface (manifested primarily as cracking and spalling) after the salting operation, which can seriously affect their aesthetics and useful life. This is because under the combined action of freeze-thaw cycle and deicing salt ion corrosion, calcium hydroxide and calcium chloride in concrete react with water to form hydrated calcium oxychloride, and the expansion pressure generated by crystal transformation can cause the material to generate salt-freeze coupling deicing salt corrosion damage.
There are many technical measures for solving the freezing damage and salt corrosion of the concrete structure, wherein the main technical approach is to adopt expensive additives, and simultaneously adopt the composition of regulating and controlling materials and improve the production process, and the technical scheme without increasing the production cost is quite rare. The invention is a technical scheme which has the advantages of material, process and cost and can obviously enhance the salt freezing resistance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides salt-freezing-resistant concrete, a highway guardrail and a preparation method thereof, and aims to solve the technical problem that the existing concrete is easy to be damaged by salt-freezing-coupled deicing salt erosion in severe cold areas.
According to one aspect of the invention, the concrete comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of cement, 8-11 parts of fly ash, 5-8 parts of coal-series metakaolin, 160-200 parts of fine aggregate, 240-270 parts of coarse aggregate, 38-42 parts of water and 1-1.3 parts of water reducing agent, wherein the coal-series metakaolin is prepared by crushing, grinding, dehydrating and decarbonizing coal-series kaolin.
Further, the coal series metakaolin is prepared by crushing and grinding coal series metakaolin, dehydrating and decarbonizing at 700-900 ℃, wherein the specific surface area of the coal series metakaolin is not less than 1110m 2 The loss on ignition is not more than 0.97 percent per kg.
Furthermore, the concrete also comprises 0.2-0.5 part of sodium abietate air entraining agent.
Further, the cement is portland cement; and/or the fine aggregate is river sand; and/or the coarse aggregate is crushed stone with 5-31.5 mm continuous gradation; and/or the water reducing agent is a polycarboxylic acid high-efficiency water reducing agent, and the solid content is not lower than 20 percent; and/or the apparent density of the fly ash is not less than 2280kg/m 3 Specific surface area of not less than 366m 2 /kg。
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is also provided a method for preparing concrete, comprising the steps of:
(1) Stirring cement, fly ash and coal series metakaolin for the first time to obtain mixed powder;
(2) Adding fine aggregate and coarse aggregate into the mixed powder, and stirring for the second time to obtain a mixture;
(3) Adding water and a water reducing agent into the mixture, stirring for the third time to obtain the concrete,
wherein the water reducing agent is added within 1 min.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is also provided a method of manufacturing a concrete guardrail, including the steps of:
s1, dividing a concrete guardrail mould into an upper part and a lower part, wherein the lower part of the concrete mould is in contact with a road surface;
s2, utilizing a lower half part concrete guardrail mold to jointly manufacture the concrete and the cast and filled aggregate into a lower half part of the concrete guardrail, wherein the cast and filled aggregate is broken stone with the average particle size of more than 5mm, and the cast and filled aggregate accounts for 5-20% of the mass of the coarse aggregate in the concrete;
s3, on the lower half part of the concrete guardrail, making other concrete or the concrete into the upper half part of the concrete guardrail by utilizing the upper half part of the concrete guardrail mold;
and S4, demolding and maintaining after the member is hardened to obtain the concrete guardrail.
Further, the concrete guardrail mold is an upright forming mold, and during forming, the concrete is poured from the upper side of the mold; after hardening, the mold was released from both sides of the mold.
Further, the cast and fill aggregate is crushed stone with 5-20 mm continuous gradation.
Further, the step (2) of making the lower half part of the concrete guardrail by the concrete and the cast and filled aggregate comprises the following steps:
1) Dividing the cast and filled aggregate into a plurality of parts;
2) Paving and filling one part of the cast and filled aggregate in the mould; pouring concrete into the mould for the first time; carrying out inserting and tamping operations;
3) And (5) circulating the step 2) until the lower half portion concrete guardrail forming mold is filled.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is also provided a concrete guard rail, which is prepared by the above method.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the fly ash and coal metakaolin admixture are simultaneously used in the concrete formula provided by the invention, and due to the volcanic ash effect and the micro-aggregate filling effect of the two mineral admixtures, the change of the pore structure and the porosity of the cement paste is influenced by two factors of particle accumulation and hydration product formation to form an optimal binding point, so that the porosity of the material is reduced, the time for the material to reach the critical water saturation is prolonged, and the salt freezing resistance of the material is improved; meanwhile, the coal series metakaolin is doped into the cement paste to perform secondary hydration reaction with the cement hydration product calcium hydroxide to generate C-S-H gel, so that the calcium hydroxide which is a reactant for generating hydrated calcium oxychloride is reduced, and the generation amount of an erosion product is reduced; on the other hand, the physical chloride ion adsorption performance is enhanced due to the increase of the generation amount of the C-S-H gel, the coal-series metakaolin has higher aluminum phase and can react with chloride ions to generate Friedel salt, the chemical binding capacity of the cementing material is improved, and the chloride ion binding performance in the cement slurry is improved under the combined action of the physical adsorption and the chemical binding of the coal-series metakaolin, so that the transmission of erosive chloride ions is hindered, and the anti-deicing salt ion erosion performance of the concrete is improved.
According to the preparation method of the concrete guardrail, the lower half part of the concrete guardrail is prepared by the cast-fill aggregate which additionally accounts for 5-20% of the mass of the coarse aggregate in the concrete and the concrete (cast-fill aggregate process), so that the interface performance of the concrete is further optimized, the thickness of a mortar film in the concrete can be obviously reduced, the interlocking degree among the aggregates is enhanced, and the interface transition area is optimized so as to further improve the salt freezing resistance and the physical and mechanical properties of the material. The cement concrete embodiment of the invention has excellent salt freezing resistance and deicing salt ion corrosion resistance, and can greatly improve the service life of the concrete guardrail in deicing salt spreading and severe cold areas.
According to the process for throwing and filling the aggregates, the throwing and filling aggregates which additionally account for 5-20% of the mass of the coarse aggregates in the concrete are jointly used on the lower half part of the concrete guardrail and are made with the concrete, so that the content of mortar is correspondingly reduced, namely the consumption of cement is reduced, the cement is the highest in price in the bulk raw materials of the concrete, the consumption of the cement is reduced, and the material cost of the concrete is reduced.
In addition to the objects, features and advantages described above, other objects, features and advantages of the present invention are also provided. The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the drawings.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic view of a concrete guard rail according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Illustration of the drawings:
1. the lower half part of the concrete guardrail; 2. the upper half of the concrete guardrail.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantageous technical effects of the present invention more clear, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the embodiments described in this specification are only for the purpose of explaining the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.
For the sake of brevity, only a few numerical ranges are explicitly disclosed herein. However, any lower limit may be combined with any upper limit to form ranges not explicitly recited; and any lower limit may be combined with any other lower limit to form a range not explicitly recited, and similarly any upper limit may be combined with any other upper limit to form a range not explicitly recited. Also, although not explicitly recited, each point or individual value between endpoints of a range is encompassed within the range. Thus, each point or individual value can form a range not explicitly recited as its own lower or upper limit in combination with any other point or individual value or in combination with other lower or upper limits.
In the description herein, it is noted that, unless otherwise specified, "above" and "below" are inclusive, and the meaning of "a plurality" of "one or more" is two or more.
An embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention provides a concrete, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of cement, 8-11 parts of fly ash, 5-8 parts of coal-series metakaolin, 160-200 parts of fine aggregate, 240-270 parts of coarse aggregate, 38-42 parts of water and 1-1.3 parts of water reducing agent, wherein the coal-series metakaolin is prepared by crushing, grinding, dehydrating and decarbonizing coal-series kaolin.
According to the embodiment of the application, 5-8 parts of coal-based metakaolin is added into concrete relative to 100 parts of cement, and the functions are as follows: (1) a certain amount of cement is replaced, so that the cost is reduced; (2) The compactness of the concrete is improved, so that the capability of the concrete for resisting external erosion is enhanced; (3) When the mixed metakaolin has good quality, the strength and the toughness of concrete can be improved; (4) The addition of a certain amount of coal series metakaolin has the effect of improving the frost resistance of concrete.
In the examples of the present application, the cement is portland cement, such as PO42.5 portland cement; and/or the fine aggregate is river sand, e.g., having a river sand modulus of 2.85; and/or the coarse aggregate is crushed stone with 5-31.5 mm continuous gradation; and/or the water reducing agent is a polycarboxylic acid high efficiency water reducing agent with the solid content not less than 20 percent, such as 25 percent, 30 percent or 40 percent of the solid content. The apparent density of the fly ash is not less than 2280kg/m 3 Specific surface area of not less than 366m 2 /kg。
In the embodiment of the application, the concrete further comprises 0.2-0.5 part of sodium abietate air entraining agent.
According to the embodiment of the application, the sodium abietate air entraining agent generates a large amount of fine bubbles in the stirring process, and the fine bubbles are uniformly and independently dispersed in concrete slurry, so that capillary channels in the slurry are blocked, and moisture is prevented from entering the interior of a concrete structure.
In the embodiment of the application, the coal-based metakaolin is amorphous white powder particles which are obtained by crushing and grinding coal-based metakaolin, dehydrating and decarbonizing the coal-based metakaolin at 700-900 ℃, wherein the specific surface area of the coal-based metakaolin is not less than 1110m 2 The loss on ignition is not more than 0.97 percent per kg. Thereby ensuring the precondition that the coal series metakaolin has high chemical activity and gap filling property. The specific surface area is almost three times of that of the cement particles, the gaps formed by the cement particles can be filled, good chemical activity is kept, and the salt corrosion resistance and the freezing resistance are beneficial. Controlling the ignition loss within 1 percent and controlling impurities such as carbon, moisture and the like as much as possible are also important conditions for ensuring the activity of the metakaolin.
Embodiments of the second aspect of the invention provide a method of preparing concrete, comprising the steps of:
(1) Stirring cement, fly ash and coal series metakaolin for the first time to obtain mixed powder;
(2) Adding fine aggregate and coarse aggregate into the mixed powder, and stirring for the second time to obtain a mixed material;
(3) Adding water and a water reducing agent into the mixture, stirring for the third time to obtain the concrete,
wherein the water reducing agent is added within 1 min.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the method is simple to operate, and the prepared concrete is uniform, fine and smooth and has a stable material system.
In some embodiments, the concrete preparation process described above is as follows: (1) Weighing 100 parts of cement, 8-11 parts of fly ash, 5-8 parts of coal metakaolin, 160-200 parts of fine aggregate, 240-270 parts of coarse aggregate, 38-42 parts of water and 1-1.3 parts of a water reducing agent according to the mass parts of the raw materials; (2) And adding cement, fly ash and coal-based metakaolin into a stirrer, drying and stirring for 1min, adding fine aggregate and coarse aggregate into the stirrer, stirring together with the powder for 1min, finally adding water and a water reducing agent, and continuing stirring for 2min, wherein the water reducing agent is uniformly added within 1min to be uniformly mixed, so that the salt and freeze coupling deicing salt ion corrosion resistant cement concrete is prepared.
An embodiment of a third aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing a concrete guardrail, including the steps of:
s1, dividing a concrete guardrail mould into an upper part and a lower part, wherein the lower part of the concrete mould is in contact with a road surface;
s2, utilizing a lower half part concrete guardrail mold to jointly manufacture the concrete and the cast and filled aggregate into a lower half part of the concrete guardrail, wherein the cast and filled aggregate is broken stone with the average particle size of more than 5mm, and the cast and filled aggregate accounts for 5-20% of the mass of the coarse aggregate in the concrete;
s3, on the lower half part of the concrete guardrail, making other concrete or the concrete into the upper half part of the concrete guardrail by utilizing the upper half part of the concrete guardrail mold;
and S4, demolding and maintaining after the member is hardened to obtain the concrete guardrail.
In this application, the type of concrete for preparing the upper half portion of the concrete guardrail in step S3 is not limited, and may be concrete comprising several components of cement, water, aggregate and water reducing agent, or concrete purchased in the market, or concrete provided in the embodiment of the first aspect of this application.
How to reduce the amount of calcium oxychloride that can be formed in the cementitious material is critical to preventing and mitigating the ionic attack damage caused by deicing salts. Meanwhile, the reduction of the porosity among gelled materials and the improvement of the interface bonding performance among concrete are important means for improving the salt freezing resistance and the ion erosion resistance of the gelled materials. The existing concrete guardrail forming process is generally cast by adopting an integral forming method such as inverted forming or side lying forming, but the contact surface of the guardrail and salt water is limited, the upper half part of the concrete guardrail is limited by the damage of salt frost, and the salt frost resistance of the concrete guardrail can be improved pertinently by adopting the upright forming method to cast the concrete guardrail twice.
According to the preparation method of the concrete guardrail, the interface performance of the concrete is further optimized through the aggregate throwing and filling process, the thickness of a mortar film in the concrete can be obviously reduced, the interlocking degree among aggregates is enhanced, and the interface transition area is optimized so as to further improve the salt freezing resistance and deicing salt ion corrosion resistance of the material. The cement concrete disclosed by the embodiment of the invention has excellent salt freezing resistance and deicing salt ion corrosion resistance, and can greatly prolong the service life of concrete in deicing salt sprinkling and severe cold areas.
In the embodiment of the application, the concrete guardrail mold is an upright forming mold, and during forming, the concrete is poured from the upper part of the mold; after hardening, the mold was released from both sides of the mold.
In the conventional concrete guardrail forming process, because a turnover type mold is adopted, the bottom of the guardrail mold faces upwards, the upper part of the guardrail faces downwards, and the guardrail is lifted up and separated from the mold after the concrete guardrail is maintained and reaches the specified strength. And the concrete guardrail turns over into normal condition again when using.
The novel concrete guardrail provided by the invention is a two-stage combined concrete guardrail, as shown in figure 1, the novel concrete guardrail consists of an upper layer and a lower layer along the height direction, the lower part of the novel concrete guardrail is prepared by throwing and filling aggregate concrete, and the upper part of the novel concrete guardrail is prepared by common concrete. Correspondingly, the mould adopted by the invention is an in-line mould, namely the placing state (vertical direction) of the mould is consistent with the service state of the concrete guardrail.
In some embodiments, the cast aggregate is crushed stone of 5-20 mm continuous gradation.
In the embodiment of the application, the step (2) of making the lower half part of the concrete guardrail by the concrete and the cast and filled aggregate comprises the following steps:
1) Dividing the cast and filled aggregate into a plurality of parts;
2) Paving one part of the cast aggregate in the mould; pouring concrete into the mould for the first time; carrying out inserting and tamping operations;
3) And (5) circulating the step 2) until the lower half portion concrete guardrail forming mold is filled.
And adding the final part of the cast aggregate into the mould in the last pouring operation process, and applying vibration to enable the concrete mixture to be compact and uniform.
In some embodiments, in the above forming process, the concrete pouring process of the lower half portion of the guardrail includes: 1) Evenly dividing the cast-filling aggregate into 3 parts, and firstly spreading a layer of aggregate at the bottom of a mould; 2) Pouring the mixed salt freezing-resistant coupling deicing salt concrete to about 1/2 of the lower half part, namely 1/4 of the integral mold, uniformly inserting and tamping the concrete tamping bar for 10 times along the edge of the test mold, and starting a vibrating table for 5-10 s to tamp; 3) After the bottom is compacted, a layer of coarse aggregate is paved, the salt freezing-resistant coupling deicing salt corrosion concrete is continuously poured to the remaining lower half part of the mould, namely 1/2 of the whole mould, and the inserting and tamping are carried out in the mode; 4) And finally, starting a vibration table for 20-30 s, uniformly adding the last layer of aggregate into the mold in the vibration process, and standing for 1min to discharge bubbles.
When the concrete guardrail is cast and formed, the concrete at the bottom is cast, when the concrete is cast to a certain height (1/3-1/2 of the total height of the guardrail), stones are thrown and filled into the mould, and the mould is vibrated. The extra-added cast-fill aggregate accounts for 5-20% of the mass of the coarse aggregate in the concrete. Stopping vibrating when the stones to be cast and filled are just submerged by cement mortar, and pouring concrete again until the mould is filled.
The invention adopts a two-stage combined concrete guardrail structure form by comprehensively considering two aspects of improving the frost resistance and salt corrosion resistance of the concrete guardrail and the production efficiency of the guardrail. In the molding process, the upper half part of the concrete pouring process adopts a common molding process to pour the rest of the molds at one time.
The reason why a certain proportion of stones are additionally added to the lower part of the concrete guard rail is that the lower structure is more exposed to rain and snow and more affected by deicing salts, and thus, freezing damage and salting-out damage are more likely to occur. The invention adopts the technology of throwing and filling the aggregates, so that the physical and mechanical properties, particularly the freezing resistance, of the lower concrete can be improved. The cast-filling aggregate concrete is characterized in that cast-filling aggregates accounting for 5-20% of the mass of the coarse aggregates in the original concrete are additionally added on the basis of the mix proportion of the concrete, mortar with corresponding volume is replaced, therefore, the proportion of stones in the concrete is increased, and the distance between stone particles is close to or in a mutual interlocking state.
Embodiments of a third aspect of the present invention provide a concrete barrier, the barrier being divided into an upper part and a lower part, the lower part being made of concrete as provided in embodiments of the first aspect of the present application, and the method of preparation being as described in embodiments of the third aspect of the present application. The interface performance of the concrete is further optimized by filling the aggregates, the thickness of a mortar film in the concrete can be obviously reduced, the interlocking degree among the aggregates is enhanced, and the interface transition region is optimized to further improve the salt freezing resistance and deicing salt ion corrosion resistance of the material, so that the lower half portion of the concrete guardrail has excellent salt freezing resistance and deicing salt ion corrosion resistance, and the service life of the concrete in a region where deicing salt is scattered and in a severe cold region can be greatly prolonged. The upper half part of the guardrail is not contacted with the road surface, is limited by the damage of salt frost, and can be formed by adopting common cement for conventional pouring.
Examples
The present disclosure is more particularly described in the following examples that are intended as illustrative only, since various modifications and changes within the scope of the present disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Unless otherwise indicated, all parts, percentages, and ratios reported in the following examples are on a weight basis, and all reagents used in the examples are commercially available or synthesized according to conventional methods and can be used directly without further treatment, and the equipment used in the examples is commercially available.
Example 1
The embodiment provides concrete which comprises the following components in parts by mass: 100 parts of cement, 42 parts of water, 11 parts of fly ash, 5 parts of coal-series metakaolin, 200 parts of fine aggregate, 270 parts of coarse aggregate and 1.1 parts of water reducing agent. Wherein the fine aggregate is river sand with a modulus of 2.85; the coarse aggregate is crushed stone with 5-31.5 mm continuous gradation; the coal-series metakaolin is amorphous white powder particles formed by crushing and grinding coal-series metakaolin screened in the coal production process and dehydrating and decarbonizing the coal-series metakaolin at a proper temperature (700-900 ℃); the water reducing agent is a polycarboxylic acid high-efficiency water reducing agent.
The preparation method of the concrete provided by the embodiment comprises the following steps: weighing 100 parts of cement, 11 parts of fly ash, 5 parts of coal-series metakaolin, 200 parts of fine aggregate, 270 parts of coarse aggregate, 42 parts of water and 1.1 parts of a water reducing agent according to the mass parts of the raw materials; (2) Adding cement, fly ash and coal-series metakaolin into a stirrer, stirring for 1min, adding fine aggregate and coarse aggregate into the stirrer, stirring together with the powder for 1min, finally adding water and a water reducing agent, and continuing stirring for 2min, wherein the water reducing agent is uniformly added within 1min to be uniformly mixed.
In this embodiment, the concrete is made into the lower half part of the concrete guardrail, and the preparation method is as follows: utilize latter half concrete guardrail forming die, get above-mentioned concrete and throw and fill aggregate common shaping concrete guardrail latter half component, specifically do: 1) Evenly dividing the cast-filling aggregate into 3 parts, and firstly spreading a layer of aggregate at the bottom of a mould; 2) Pouring the mixed salt freezing-resistant coupling deicing salt concrete to about 1/2 of the lower half part, namely 1/4 of the integral mold, uniformly inserting and tamping the concrete tamping bar for 10 times along the edge of the test mold, and starting a vibrating table for 5-10 s to tamp; 3) After the bottom is compacted, paving a layer of coarse aggregate, continuously pouring the salt-freeze-resistant coupling deicing salt corrosion concrete to the remaining lower half part of the mould, namely 1/2 part of the integral mould according to the method, and continuously carrying out the inserting and tamping in the mode; 4) And finally, starting the vibration table for 20-30 s, uniformly adding the last layer of aggregate into the mold in the vibration process, and standing for 1min to discharge bubbles to obtain the lower half part of the concrete guardrail.
Wherein, the throwing and filling aggregate adopts crushed stone with continuous grain diameter of 5-20 mm, and the dosage of the crushed stone accounts for 6 percent of the volume of the finished concrete of the lower half part. The 28d strength of the concrete of the lower half part after molding is 42.8MPa, the content of hydrated calcium oxychloride in a cementing material system is 19.18g/100g, the content of calcium hydroxide is 11.83g/100g, and the mass fraction of CaCl is 20 percent 2 The mass loss after 60 and 120 cycles of freeze-thaw in salt solution was 1.84% and 5.61%. The test method refers to a quick freezing method in the test method for the long-term performance and the durability of the common concrete (GB/T50082-2009), and the following steps are carried out.
The upper half part of the guardrail is cast by adopting common concrete and comprises the following components in parts by mass: 100 parts of cement, 42 parts of water, 200 parts of fine aggregate, 270 parts of coarse aggregate and 1 part of water reducing agent. Wherein the fine aggregate is river sand with a modulus of 2.85; the coarse aggregate is crushed stone with 5-31.5 mm continuous gradation. And the upper half concrete pouring process adopts the mode that common cement is poured into the upper half part at one time to prepare the upper half component of the concrete guardrail. The 28d strength of the upper half part of the formed concrete is 39.3Mpa, the content of hydrated calcium oxychloride in a cementing material system is 27.38g/100g, the content of calcium hydroxide is 15.94g/100g, and the mass fraction of CaCl is 20 percent 2 The mass loss after 60 and 120 cycles of freeze-thaw in the salt solution was 2.15% and 7.62%.
Example 2
The embodiment provides concrete which comprises the following components in parts by mass: 100 parts of cement, 42 parts of water, 11 parts of fly ash, 5 parts of coal-series metakaolin, 200 parts of fine aggregate, 270 parts of coarse aggregate and 1.1 parts of water reducing agent. The contents and properties of the raw materials used were the same as in example 1.
Concrete was prepared according to the preparation method described in example 1.
The concrete is made into the lower half part of the concrete guardrail according to the preparation method of the embodiment 1, wherein the throwing and filling aggregate is crushed stone with continuous particle size of 5-20 mm, and the consumption of the crushed stone accounts for 12% of the volume of the finished concrete of the lower half part.
The strength of the lower half part of the concrete after molding is 45.2MPa after 28d, and the mass fraction of CaCl is 20 percent 2 The mass loss after 60 and 120 cycles of freezing and thawing in the salt solution was 1.63% and 5.15% (test method same as example 1).
The upper half part of the guardrail is cast by adopting common concrete, the formula and the preparation method are the same as those of the embodiment 1, and the performance of the concrete of the upper half part after molding is equivalent to that of the embodiment 1.
Example 3
The embodiment provides concrete which comprises the following components in parts by mass: 100 parts of cement, 42 parts of water, 11 parts of fly ash, 5 parts of coal-series metakaolin, 200 parts of fine aggregate, 270 parts of coarse aggregate and 1.1 parts of water reducing agent. The contents and properties of the raw materials used were the same as in example 1.
Concrete was prepared according to the preparation method described in example 1.
The concrete is made into the lower half part of the concrete guardrail according to the preparation method of the embodiment 1, wherein the throwing and filling aggregate is crushed stone with continuous grain diameter of 5-20 mm, and the consumption of the crushed stone accounts for 18% of the volume of the finished concrete of the lower half part.
The strength of the lower half part of the concrete after molding is 44.6MPa after 28d and is 20 percent of CaCl by mass fraction 2 The mass loss after 60 and 120 cycles of freezing and thawing in salt solution was 1.55% and 4.83% (test method same as example 1).
The upper half part of the guardrail is cast by adopting common concrete, the formula and the preparation method are the same as those of the embodiment 1, and the performance of the concrete of the upper half part after molding is equivalent to that of the embodiment 1.
Example 4
The embodiment provides concrete which comprises the following components in parts by mass: 100 parts of cement, 38 parts of water, 8 parts of fly ash, 8 parts of coal-series metakaolin, 160 parts of fine aggregate, 240 parts of coarse aggregate and 1.3 parts of water reducing agent. The properties of the starting materials used were the same as in example 1.
Concrete was prepared according to the preparation method described in example 1.
The concrete is made into the lower half part of the concrete guardrail according to the preparation method of the embodiment 1, wherein the throwing and filling aggregate is crushed stone with continuous grain diameter of 5-20 mm, and the dosage of the crushed stone accounts for 6% of the volume of the finished concrete of the lower half part.
The 28d strength of the concrete of the lower half part after molding is 56.8MPa, the content of hydrated calcium oxychloride in a cementing material system is 12.28g/100g, the content of calcium hydroxide is 10.11g/100g, and the mass fraction of CaCl is 20 percent 2 The mass loss after 60 and 120 cycles of freezing and thawing in salt solution was 1.21% and 3.98% (test method same as example 1).
The upper half part of the guardrail is cast by adopting common concrete and comprises the following components in parts by mass: 100 parts of cement, 38 parts of water, 160 parts of fine aggregate, 240 parts of coarse aggregate and 1.2 parts of water reducing agent. Wherein the fine aggregate is river sand with a modulus of 2.85; the coarse aggregate is crushed stone with 5-31.5 mm continuous gradation. And the upper half concrete pouring process adopts the mode that common cement is poured into the upper half part at one time to prepare the upper half component of the concrete guardrail. The 28d strength of the concrete in the upper half part after molding is 54.2MPa, the content of hydrated calcium oxychloride in a cementing material system is 22.71g/100g, the content of calcium hydroxide is 13.37g/100g, and the mass fraction of CaCl is 20 percent 2 The mass loss after 60 and 120 cycles of freezing and thawing in salt solution was 1.46% and 4.86% (test method same as example 1).
Example 5
The embodiment provides concrete which comprises the following components in parts by mass: 100 parts of cement, 38 parts of water, 8 parts of fly ash, 8 parts of coal-series metakaolin, 160 parts of fine aggregate, 240 parts of coarse aggregate and 1.3 parts of water reducing agent. The contents and properties of the raw materials used were the same as in example 4.
Concrete was prepared according to the preparation method described in example 1.
The concrete is made into the lower half part of the concrete guardrail according to the preparation method of the embodiment 1, wherein the throwing and filling aggregate is crushed stone with continuous grain diameter of 5-20 mm, and the consumption of the crushed stone accounts for 12% of the volume of the finished concrete of the lower half part.
The strength of the lower half part of the concrete after molding is 59.2MPa after 28d, and the mass fraction of CaCl is 20 percent 2 The mass loss after 60 and 120 cycles of freezing and thawing in the salt solution was 1.13% and 3.71% (test method same as example 1).
The upper half part of the guardrail is cast by adopting common concrete, the formula and the preparation method of the guardrail are the same as those in the embodiment 4, and the performance of the concrete of the upper half part after molding is equivalent to that in the embodiment 4.
Example 6
The embodiment provides concrete which comprises the following components in parts by mass: 100 parts of cement, 38 parts of water, 8 parts of fly ash, 8 parts of coal-series metakaolin, 160 parts of fine aggregate, 240 parts of coarse aggregate and 1.3 parts of water reducing agent. The contents and properties of the raw materials used were the same as in example 4.
Concrete was prepared according to the preparation method described in example 1.
The concrete is made into the lower half part of the concrete guardrail according to the preparation method of the embodiment 1, wherein the throwing and filling aggregate is crushed stone with continuous particle size of 5-20 mm, and the dosage of the crushed stone accounts for 18% of the volume of the finished concrete of the lower half part.
The strength of the lower half part of the concrete after molding is 57.6MPa after 28d, and the concrete is 20% of CaCl by mass fraction 2 The mass loss after 60 and 120 cycles of freezing and thawing in salt solution was 0.96% and 3.44% (test method same as example 1).
The upper half part of the guardrail is cast by adopting common concrete, the formula and the preparation method of the guardrail are the same as those in the embodiment 4, and the performance of the concrete of the upper half part after molding is equivalent to that in the embodiment 4.
Example 7
The embodiment provides concrete which comprises the following components in parts by mass: 100 parts of cement, 38 parts of water, 8 parts of fly ash, 8 parts of coal metakaolin, 160 parts of fine aggregate, 240 parts of coarse aggregate, 1.3 parts of water reducing agent and 0.3 part of sodium abietate air entraining agent. The content and properties of the other raw materials except for the sodium abietate air entraining agent were the same as those of example 4.
Concrete was prepared according to the preparation method described in example 1.
The concrete is made into the lower half part of the concrete guardrail according to the preparation method of the embodiment 1, wherein the throwing and filling aggregate is crushed stone with continuous grain diameter of 5-20 mm, and the consumption of the crushed stone accounts for 15% of the volume of the finished concrete of the lower half part.
The strength of the lower half part of the concrete after molding is 50.5MPa after 28d, and the mass fraction of CaCl is 20 percent 2 The mass loss after 60 and 120 cycles of freezing and thawing in salt solution was 0.42% and 2.38% (test method same as example 1).
The upper half part of the guardrail is cast by adopting common concrete, the formula and the preparation method of the guardrail are the same as those in the embodiment 4, and the performance of the concrete of the upper half part after molding is equivalent to that in the embodiment 4.
While the present application has been described with reference to preferred embodiments, various modifications may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope of the present application, and in particular, features shown in the various embodiments may be combined in any manner as long as there is no structural conflict. The present application is not intended to be limited to the particular embodiments disclosed herein but is to cover all embodiments that may fall within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The concrete is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of cement, 8-11 parts of fly ash, 5-8 parts of coal-series metakaolin, 160-200 parts of fine aggregate, 240-270 parts of coarse aggregate, 38-42 parts of water, 1-1.3 parts of water reducing agent,
wherein the coal series metakaolin is prepared by crushing, grinding, dehydrating and decarbonizing coal series metakaolin.
2. The concrete according to claim 1, wherein the coal-based metakaolin is prepared by crushing and grinding coal-based metakaolin, and then dehydrating and decarbonizing the crushed coal-based metakaolin at 700-900 ℃, wherein the coal-based metakaolin is prepared by crushing and grinding coal-based metakaolinThe specific surface area of metakaolin is not less than 1110m 2 The loss on ignition is not more than 0.97 percent per kg.
3. The concrete according to claim 1, wherein the concrete further comprises 0.2-0.5 part of sodium abietate air entraining agent.
4. The concrete according to claim 1, wherein the cement is portland cement; and/or
The fine aggregate is river sand; and/or
The coarse aggregate is crushed stone with 5-31.5 mm continuous gradation; and/or
The water reducing agent is a polycarboxylic acid high-efficiency water reducing agent, and the solid content is not lower than 20%; and/or
The apparent density of the fly ash is not less than 2280kg/m 3 Specific surface area of not less than 366m 2 /kg。
5. A method for the preparation of a concrete according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
(1) Stirring cement, fly ash and coal metakaolin for the first time to obtain mixed powder;
(2) Adding fine aggregate and coarse aggregate into the mixed powder, and stirring for the second time to obtain a mixed material;
(3) Adding water and a water reducing agent into the mixture, stirring for the third time to obtain the concrete,
wherein the water reducing agent is added within 1 min.
6. A preparation method of a concrete guardrail is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, dividing a concrete guardrail mold into an upper part and a lower part, wherein the lower part of the concrete guardrail mold is in contact with a pavement;
s2, utilizing a lower half part concrete guardrail mold to make the concrete and the throwing and filling aggregate of any one of claims 1 to 4 into the lower half part of the concrete guardrail, wherein the throwing and filling aggregate is broken stone with the average particle size of more than 5mm, and the throwing and filling aggregate accounts for 5 to 20 percent of the mass of the coarse aggregate in the concrete of any one of claims 1 to 4;
s3, on the lower half part component of the concrete guardrail, making other concrete or the concrete of any one of claims 1 to 4 into the upper half part of the concrete guardrail by utilizing an upper half part concrete guardrail mold;
and S4, demolding and maintaining after the member is hardened to obtain the concrete guardrail.
7. The method for preparing a concrete guardrail according to claim 6, wherein the concrete guardrail mold is an erecting molding mold, and the concrete is poured from above the mold during molding; after hardening, the mold was released from both sides of the mold.
8. The method of manufacturing a concrete fence according to claim 7, wherein the cast-and-fill aggregate is crushed stone of 5-20 mm continuous gradation.
9. The method for preparing a concrete guardrail according to claim 7, wherein the step (2) of making the lower half of the concrete guardrail by the concrete and the cast and filled aggregate comprises:
1) Dividing the cast and filled aggregate into a plurality of parts;
2) Paving one part of the cast aggregate in the mould; pouring concrete into the mould for the first time; carrying out inserting and tamping operations;
3) And 3) circulating the step 2) until the lower half concrete guardrail forming mold is filled.
10. A concrete barrier manufactured by the method of any one of claims 6 to 9.
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