CN115377698B - Frequency multiplexing super surface for regulating electromagnetic wave in transmission and reflection modes - Google Patents
Frequency multiplexing super surface for regulating electromagnetic wave in transmission and reflection modes Download PDFInfo
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- CN115377698B CN115377698B CN202211078967.2A CN202211078967A CN115377698B CN 115377698 B CN115377698 B CN 115377698B CN 202211078967 A CN202211078967 A CN 202211078967A CN 115377698 B CN115377698 B CN 115377698B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a frequency multiplexing super-surface for regulating electromagnetic waves in transmission and reflection modes, and belongs to the technical field of electromagnetic super-surfaces. The frequency multiplexing super surface is formed by arranging frequency multiplexing units, the frequency multiplexing units are of a multi-layer structure and comprise five metal layers and four dielectric layers, and adjacent metal layers are connected through the dielectric layers. The first metal layer comprises a deformed cross structure and two rectangular strip structures, the second metal layer comprises a square frame and a square patch, the third metal layer and the fifth metal layer both have double-arrow structures, and the fourth metal layer has a rectangular structure. The invention can realize independent beam control in different frequency bands, realize polarization change and polarization isolation of incident electromagnetic waves, solve the coupling of structures between frequency bands and the coupling between metal structures of different layers or the same layer, and has potential application value in the fields of communication antennas, integrated systems and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of electromagnetic super-surfaces, and relates to a frequency multiplexing super-surface for operating circularly polarized waves and linearly polarized waves in full space in transmission and reflection modes.
Background
The traditional super-surface mainly controls the transmitted wave and the reflected wave by introducing phase mutation among units, and the mechanism of phase mutation can be divided into two types of transmission phase super-surface and geometric phase super-surface. The transmission phase subsurface achieves phase abrupt changes by changing cell sizes. The geometrical phase super-surface is also called as a Pancharam-Berry phase (PB phase) super-surface, and the geometrical phase super-surface is easier to prepare due to the fact that the phase is flexibly regulated and controlled by the rotary unit. However, most of the traditional super-surface working modes are limited, such as single working frequency band and single function, which cannot meet the functions of the modern electronic system and are not beneficial to high integration. The multifunctional super-surface gradually goes into the field of view of people, such as dual-band, dual-polarized.
For example, m.b.xin et al realized dual-band efficient OAM reflection wave generation on a 2-bit single-layer supersurface, with cell structures having the ability to independently phase-modulate at two frequencies under linearly polarized incident waves, while the OAM reflection beam propagation modes generated by the supersurfaces are different. W.Han et al designed a multi-layer unit structure that could exhibit asymmetric transmission of dual circularly polarized and linearly polarized waves in the same frequency band, and could achieve electromagnetic wave regulation in the whole space. The g.y.shang et al uses a unit of three metal layer structure with the supersurface achieving independent holographic imaging functions of y polarized wave reflection and x polarized wave transmission over the full space. Meanwhile, the change of polarization state and operating band of the super surface can be achieved by introducing a reconfigurable device, however, this requires a complicated unit structure and an electronic control system. Although the existing super surface can realize multiple functions and multiple frequency bands, the problems of low integration level, complex design, high cost and the like still exist. However, by designing the composite frequency multiplexing super surface, multi-band, multifunctional and full-space beam regulation and control can be realized on the basis of a single structure, the purposes of miniaturization and low loss of devices are achieved, the information capacity of electromagnetic equipment is greatly improved, and the high integration of a system is facilitated.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention aims to provide a frequency multiplexing super-surface for modulating electromagnetic waves in transmission and reflection modes, which realizes that the super-surface can independently realize transmission and reflection in two frequency bands, and reduces coupling of transmission and reflection between layers of the super-surface.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
The frequency multiplexing super surface is formed by arranging frequency multiplexing units, wherein each frequency multiplexing unit comprises an I-V metal layer and four medium layers, and adjacent metal layers are connected through the medium layers.
Preferably, the I-th metal layer is of a deformed cross-shaped structure and comprises a main cross-shaped structure and two rectangular strip structures; the two arms of the cross-shaped structure are different in length, the two rectangular bar structures are equal in size, and the two rectangular bar structures are respectively positioned at two ends of the cross arm of the cross-shaped structure and are perpendicular to the cross arm; the first metal layer is used for realizing cross polarization conversion of u-polarized linear polarized waves and converting reflected waves into v-polarized linear polarized waves.
Preferably, the second metal layer comprises a square frame patch and a square patch; the square frame patch is overlapped with the outer edge of the adjacent dielectric layer, and the square patch is positioned at the geometric center of the II metal layer; the second metal layer is used to provide a reflective window and a transmissive window of the frequency multiplexed subsurface.
Preferably, the third metal layer and the fifth metal layer are both double-arrow structures with the same size, and the arrangement directions of the double-arrow structures of the two metal layers are parallel to each other; the III and V metal layers are used for converting linear polarized waves into circular polarized waves.
Preferably, the IV metal layer is of a rectangular structure, and the arrangement direction of the rectangular structure is mutually perpendicular to the arrangement direction of the double-arrow structure; the fourth metal layer is used for increasing the transmission of cross polarized waves in the transmitted waves.
Preferably, the dielectric layer has a dielectric constant of 3.5, a loss tangent of 0.001, and a thickness of 2mm.
Preferably, the geometric centers of the metal layer structure and the dielectric layer are both coaxially arranged.
Preferably, the frequency multiplexing super surface can independently realize the regulation and control of the transmitted wave and the reflected wave in two frequency bands, converts the linear polarization wave into the circular polarization wave in the low frequency band of 6.3 GHz-8 GHz, and realizes the linear polarization cross polarization conversion of the reflected wave in the high frequency band of 16.4 GHz-16.8 GHz and 16.9 GHz-17.2 GHz.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the invention, independent beam control can be realized in different frequency bands, linear polarization incident waves are converted into circularly polarized transmission waves in a low frequency band, linear polarization cross polarization conversion of reflected waves is realized in a high frequency band, variable polarization and polarization isolation of incident electromagnetic waves are realized, and the coupling of structures between frequency bands and the coupling between metal structures in different layers or the same layer are solved; meanwhile, the super surface designed by the invention can provide a design method for designing a multifunctional full-space surface, can realize more full-space beam control functions by a similar method, and has potential application value in the fields of communication antennas, integrated systems and the like.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention. The objects and other advantages of the invention may be realized and obtained by means of the instrumentalities and combinations particularly pointed out in the specification.
Drawings
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in the following preferred detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a frequency multiplexing unit;
fig. 2 is a three-dimensional structure diagram of a frequency multiplexing unit;
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of each metal layer of the frequency multiplexing unit, fig. 3 (a) is a plan view structure of the i-th metal layer, fig. 3 (b) is a plan view structure of the ii-th metal layer, fig. 3 (c) is a plan view structure of the iii-th metal layer, fig. 3 (d) is a plan view structure of the iv-th metal layer, and fig. 3 (e) is a plan view structure of the v-th metal layer;
Fig. 4 is an S-parameter graph of the frequency multiplexing unit in a transmission operation mode, fig. 4 (a) is a transmission coefficient of the unit under a linearly polarized incident wave, fig. 4 (b) is a transmission phase and a phase difference of the unit, and fig. 4 (c) is an axial ratio and a transmission coefficient of a circularly polarized transmitted wave;
FIG. 5 is a graph of S-parameters of the frequency multiplexing unit in a reflective mode, wherein FIG. 5 (a) is the reflection coefficient of the unit under u-polarized incident waves, and FIG. 5 (b) is the cross polarization conversion efficiency of linear polarized waves;
FIG. 6 shows the surface current distribution of the metal II layer at low and high frequencies, respectively;
Fig. 7 shows a frequency multiplexing super surface formed by arranging frequency multiplexing units.
Detailed Description
Other advantages and effects of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following disclosure, which describes the embodiments of the present invention with reference to specific examples. The invention may be practiced or carried out in other embodiments that depart from the specific details, and the details of the present description may be modified or varied from the spirit and scope of the present invention. It should be noted that the illustrations provided in the following embodiments merely illustrate the basic idea of the present invention by way of illustration, and the following embodiments and features in the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
Wherein the drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are shown in schematic, non-physical, and not intended to limit the invention; for the purpose of better illustrating embodiments of the invention, certain elements of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced and do not represent the size of the actual product; it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that certain well-known structures in the drawings and descriptions thereof may be omitted.
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the overall structure of the frequency multiplexing unit is a schematic diagram, the unit is a multi-layer structure, and comprises five metal layers and four dielectric layers, adjacent metal layers are connected through the dielectric layers, geometric centers of the metal layers and the dielectric layers are coaxially arranged, and polarization conversion functions of transmitted waves and reflected waves of incident waves can be respectively realized in different frequency bands. In this embodiment, the metal layer is made of metallic copper material, the thickness is t=0.035 mm, the dielectric layer is set as a dielectric plate with a dielectric constant of 3.5 and a loss tangent of 0.001, the thickness of the dielectric plate is d=2 mm, and the width of the dielectric plate is p=15 mm.
As shown in fig. 3 (a), the structure of the metal layer i is schematically shown, in which the lengths of the two arms of the deformed cross-shaped metal structure are not equal, in this embodiment, the lengths are l x＝5.4mm,ly =4.2 mm, and the widths are w d =0.8 mm, respectively; two rectangular metal strips with the same size are respectively positioned at two ends of the cross arm, and the lengths of the two rectangular metal strips are S 3 = 0.4mm. Fig. 3 (b) shows a schematic structural diagram of the metal layer ii, wherein the square frame metal patch has a width w 1 =0.4 mm, and the square metal patch has a side length S 2 =5.4 mm. Fig. 3 (c) and fig. 3 (e) show schematic structural diagrams of the iii and v metal layers, in this embodiment, the double arrow structure is disposed at an angle of 45 °, the length of the strip structure in the double arrow is l 1 =12 mm, and the length of the arrow portion connected to the two ends of the strip structure is S 1 =4.4mm. Fig. 3 (d) shows a schematic structural diagram of the metal layer iv, wherein the rectangular structures have a side length of a=0.4mm and b=3mm, respectively, and are arranged coaxially with the double-arrow structure but at 90 °.
Fig. 4 (a) and 4 (b) are graphs of S-parameters of a frequency multiplexing unit under a linearly polarized incident wave, which is incident along the-z axis, where t xy and t yy are defined as the transmission coefficients of cross polarization (y-x) and co-polarization (y-y), respectively,And/>Representing the transmission phase of the cross-polarized and co-polarized waves, respectively,/>And/>The phase difference between the cross polarized wave and the co-polarized wave at y-polarized and x-polarized incidence, respectively. the transmission coefficients of t xy and t yy in the low frequency band are not greatly different, and the transmission phase/>, corresponding to the low frequency bandGreater than/>About 90 deg.. According to the left-hand rule, the super surface converts the linearly polarized incident wave into the left-hand circularly polarized transmitted wave in the low frequency band. Fig. 4 (c) shows the transmittance (T) and the Axial Ratio (AR) of the low-frequency circularly polarized wave, and it can be seen that the AR is less than 3dB in the low-frequency range, the linearly polarized wave is effectively converted into the standard circularly polarized wave, and at the same time, the total transmittance of the frequency multiplexing unit can reach 0.8, and the transmitted wave energy reaches 80% of the incident energy.
Fig. 5 (a) shows an S-parameter graph of a frequency multiplexing unit when a u-polarized wave is incident along the +z axis, r vu and r uu are respectively defined as reflection coefficients of cross polarization (u-v) and co-polarization (u-u), and in the figure, r vu has a larger value, but r uu has a smaller value, which means that the u-polarized electromagnetic wave is effectively converted into a v-polarized electromagnetic wave. Fig. 5 (b) shows the linear polarization conversion efficiency of the frequency multiplexing unit in the high frequency band, and the conversion efficiency is close to 1, which further indicates that the frequency multiplexing unit performs polarization conversion on the linear incident wave and the conversion efficiency is higher.
The surface current distribution of the ii metal layer shown in fig. 6 when operated in the low frequency band and the high frequency band, respectively, can be seen that the metal layer provides a transmission aperture in the low frequency band for transmission of circularly polarized waves, and increases the reflection amplitude of electromagnetic waves incident from the +z direction in the high frequency band.
Fig. 7 shows a frequency multiplexing super-surface formed by arranging frequency multiplexing units, in this embodiment, the frequency multiplexing units are extended by 21 units along the vertical and horizontal directions respectively, so as to form a super-surface array antenna structure of 21×21.
Finally, it is noted that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications and equivalents may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which is intended to be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A frequency reuse subsurface for modulating electromagnetic waves in transmission and reflection modes, characterized by: the frequency multiplexing super surface is formed by arranging frequency multiplexing units, wherein each frequency multiplexing unit comprises an I-V metal layer, and adjacent metal layers are connected through a medium layer;
The first metal layer is of a deformed cross-shaped structure and comprises a main cross-shaped structure and two rectangular strip structures, and is used for realizing cross polarization conversion of u-polarized linear polarized waves and converting reflected waves into v-polarized linear polarized waves; in the first metal layer, two rectangular bar structures are respectively positioned at two ends of a cross arm of the main cross structure and are vertical to the cross arm;
The second metal layer comprises a square frame patch and a square patch, and is used for providing a reflection window and a transmission window of the frequency multiplexing super surface; the square frame patch is overlapped with the outer edge of the adjacent dielectric layer; the square patch is positioned at the geometric center of the II metal layer;
the third metal layer and the V metal layer are of double-arrow structures and are used for converting linear polarized waves into circular polarized waves;
The fourth metal layer is of a rectangular structure and is used for increasing transmission of cross polarized waves in the transmitted waves; the rectangular structure is coaxial with the double-arrow structure and is vertically arranged.
2. The frequency reuse subsurface according to claim 1, wherein: the length of the two arms of the main cross structure is unequal, and the sizes of the two rectangular strips are equal.
3. The frequency reuse subsurface according to claim 1, wherein: the arrangement directions of double-arrow structures in the III metal layer and the V metal layer are parallel to each other.
4. A frequency reuse subsurface according to claim 3, characterised in that: the double arrow structures in the III and V metal layers are the same size.
5. The frequency reuse subsurface according to claim 1, wherein: the geometric centers of the metal layer and the dielectric layer are coaxially arranged.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211078967.2A CN115377698B (en) | 2022-09-05 | Frequency multiplexing super surface for regulating electromagnetic wave in transmission and reflection modes |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202211078967.2A CN115377698B (en) | 2022-09-05 | Frequency multiplexing super surface for regulating electromagnetic wave in transmission and reflection modes |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN115377698A CN115377698A (en) | 2022-11-22 |
| CN115377698B true CN115377698B (en) | 2024-06-25 |
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Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| "An FSS-Backed Dual-Band Reflective Polarization Conversion Metasurface";Mingbao Yan等;《IEEE Access》;20190729;全文 * |
| "宽入射角高效宽带超表面太赫兹线极化转换器";尹波等;《太赫兹科学与电子信息学报》;20190331;第19卷(第03期);全文 * |
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