CN115366501A - 用于汽车内饰材料的椰棕纤维复合材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种用于汽车内饰材料的椰棕纤维复合材料及其制备方法,属于汽车内饰材料技术领域。本发明提供的用于汽车内饰材料的椰棕纤维复合材料,包括椰棕纤维毡层;其中,所述椰棕纤维毡层为椰棕纤维与有油/无油聚丙烯短纤维经开松、打散、充分混合梳理形成二者互相勾连在一起的纤维网,然后通过针刺而成的密实毡材。本发明提供的用椰棕纤维与无油聚丙烯短纤维生产所得的椰棕纤维复合板材防腐、不霉变、抗菌、透气并且价格便宜,相比用麻纤维或玻璃纤维与普通聚丙烯短纤维生产的复合材料而言,对人体无害且在气味方面具有显著优势。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于汽车内饰材料技术领域,尤其涉及到一种用于汽车内饰材料的椰棕纤维复合材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
目前,汽车内饰材料主要是麻纤板和玻纤板,麻纤板是用麻纤维与聚丙烯短纤维混合,针刺成麻纤毡,然后用压板机压成的板材;玻纤板是用玻璃纤维与聚丙烯短纤维混合,针刺成玻纤毡,然后用压板机压成的板材。麻纤维价格较高、易产生霉变、产生霉味,影响环境和板材性能;玻璃纤维比重大,不利于汽车轻量化,且玻璃纤维难降解,不利于环保,此外,玻璃纤维对人体皮肤和呼吸道有刺激作用,对人体有害。二者虽为常用材料,但对人体容易产生危害。因此,如何提供一种对人体无害且在气味方面都明显好于用麻纤维或玻璃纤维与普通聚丙烯短纤维生产的复合材料,还能够在物理性能上完全满足汽车内饰材料的要求,这将是本领域亟需解决的重要问题。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种用于汽车内饰材料的椰棕纤维复合材料及其制备方法,用椰棕纤维与有油/无油聚丙烯短纤维生产所得的椰棕纤维复合材料防腐、不霉变、抗菌、透气并且价格便宜,相比用麻纤维或玻璃纤维与普通聚丙烯短纤维生产的复合材料而言,对人体无害且在气味方面具有显著优势。
为了达到上述目的,本发明提供了一种用于汽车内饰材料的椰棕纤维复合材料,包括椰棕纤维毡层;
其中,所述椰棕纤维毡层为椰棕纤维与有油/无油聚丙烯短纤维经开松、打散、充分混合梳理形成互相勾连在一起的纤维网,然后通过针刺的密实毡材。
在上述方案中,所使用的无油聚丙烯短纤维为吉林省华纺静电材料科技有限公司生产的2D-10D无油聚丙烯短纤维,对于不同线密度的纤维而言,需要满足的不同技术要求如表1所示。
表1无油聚丙烯短纤维的技术要求
作为优选,所述椰棕纤维毡层的至少一面覆有无纺布或水刺布。
作为优选,所述椰棕纤维毡层的至少一面覆有可针刺的无纺布时,可针刺的无纺布通过针刺的方式刺在椰棕纤维毡层上。
作为优选,所述椰棕纤维毡层的至少一面覆有不可针刺的无纺布或水刺布时,椰棕纤维毡层与无纺布或水刺布之间覆有胶膜层。
在上述方案中,根据汽车内饰件制造商的需要,大多需要提供的是椰棕纤维板材,这就需要把椰棕纤维毡用压板机压成一定厚度的板材,板材表面要求有无纺布或水刺布,然后用板材再去压型。此时,根据客户的不同要求,可以选用可针刺的无纺布,把无纺布针刺到毡材上,然后压板;当然,也可以选用不可针刺的无纺布或水刺布,这就同时需要胶膜,以通过胶膜将无纺布或水刺布粘到椰棕纤维毡上。
作为优选,所述椰棕纤维毡层中,所加入的椰棕纤维的重量为椰棕纤维和无油聚丙烯短纤维总重量的30-70%,所加入的无油聚丙烯短纤维的重量为总重量的70-30%。
在上述方案中,椰棕纤维与有油/无油聚丙烯短纤维混合时,若椰棕纤维占比过低,则椰棕纤维的优异性能难以发挥作用;若聚丙烯短纤维占比过低,则压板后板材中椰棕纤维之间的粘结力不够,板材强度低。而如果在上述设定范围内,则既能保证椰棕纤维板具有一定的防潮、防蛀虫、防腐、透气、抑菌等功能,又能保证椰棕纤维板具有一定的强度,可有效满足汽车内饰件生产商的需求。
作为优选,对于克重为1800g/m2、厚度为5.0mm的椰棕纤维复合板材,其抗弯强度≥8.9MPa、拉伸强度≥7.5MPa、尺寸变化率≤0.08%、吸水率≤9%、气味≤3.0级。
本发明可以做500-3000g/㎡之间的任何克重的椰棕纤维复合材料,厚度可以按照用户的要求来做,表2中列出了部分椰棕纤维复合材料所满足的技术指标。
表2常用椰棕纤维复合材料的技术指标
本发明提供了根据权利要求上述任一项技术方案所述的椰棕纤维复合板材的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
将椰棕纤维毡按要求放在压板机自动上料设备对应的转轴上,经切割成需要的长度后,自动落到输送帘上,输送帘将其先送入压板机热压区,聚丙烯短纤维遇热熔化,得到椰棕纤维互相粘结在一起的热板材,然后送入压板机冷压区进行冷却固化,得到椰棕纤维板材。
作为优选,在放置椰棕纤维毡层时,还包括根据需要放置可针刺的无纺布、或者胶膜和不可针刺的无纺布或水刺布的步骤。
作为优选,压板机热压区的温度为200-260℃,压板机冷压区的温度为5-30℃。
作为优选,所述椰棕纤维毡通过以下方法制备得到:
将椰棕纤维和有油/无油聚丙烯短纤维分别投入到开包机中,经打散后,将二者分别定量、重叠地落到开松机喂入帘上,经开松后,对混合在一起的椰棕纤维和有油/无油聚丙烯短纤维进行除尘,然后被风依次送入气压棉箱和储棉箱,得到混合纤维;
将混合纤维进行梳理后,形成互相勾连在一起的纤维网,将纤维网往复铺叠在铺网机底帘上,然后喂入针刺机,经针刺形成密实的毡材后,根据需要切成一定的幅宽和长度,成卷收集,得到椰棕纤维毡。
作为优选,所述无油聚丙烯短纤维采用CN109868515B中方法制备得到,具体为:
将聚丙烯原料加入到挤压机中,形成初生纤维后,初生纤维经过油剂辊、导丝辊、一道牵伸机、二道牵伸机、三道牵伸机、叠丝机、卷曲机、热定型机后得到纤维丝束,纤维丝束通过切断机,得到无油聚丙烯短纤维;其中,所述油剂辊处所上油剂用水替代,并在油剂辊和导丝辊之间、二道牵伸机处、三道牵伸机处、卷曲机前端分别加设喷水单元以向纤维丝束喷水以及在热定型机尾端加设喷雾单元以向纤维丝束喷水雾;
所述喷水单元包括水箱、水泵、接水槽和喷头,水箱中的水经由水泵泵送至喷头,利用喷头将水流喷向纤维丝束整体表面,未被纤维丝束带走的水经由接水槽返回水箱;所述喷雾单元包括水箱、水泵和喷头,水箱中的水经由水泵泵送至喷头,并在压缩空气作用下经由喷头将水雾喷向纤维丝束表面。
与现有技术相比,本发明的优点和积极效果在于:
1、椰棕纤维是从椰子外壳提取出来的丝状物质,是绿色环保的纯天然产品,椰棕纤维可以降解,有利于环保,椰棕纤维的使用是一种废物再利用的过程;
2、椰棕纤维是天然保健产品,具有防潮、透气、抑菌的功效,椰棕纤维复合材料有透气、防腐、不变形、防虫蛀、不闷热等优点,使用寿命长,对人体无害无刺激;
3、本发明用椰棕纤维与有油/无油聚丙烯短纤维按一定的比例混合,然后针刺成椰棕纤维复合毡材,通过压板机把毡材压成板材,可具有椰棕纤维的很多原始性能,例如防潮、防蛀虫、防腐、透气、抑菌等,且不会发霉,具有天然保健功能,比麻纤板和玻纤板有明显的优点,在物理性能上也可完全满足汽车内饰材料的要求,下游客户利用这种板材可以模压成各种形状的汽车内饰领域的成型件。
4、本发明提供的椰棕纤维材料使用的聚丙烯短纤维是无油剂的,是本公司自主研发的,其纤维气味低,在与椰棕纤维混合生产复合材料时,在气味方面明显好于用普通聚丙烯短纤维生产的复合材料,更符合汽车行业对气味的要求。
具体实施方式
下面将对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1椰棕纤维毡的制备
将椰棕纤维和无油聚丙烯短纤维分别投入到开包机中,椰棕纤维和无油聚丙烯短纤维被开包机打散后,按照工艺设定的比例,分别定量、重叠地落到开松机喂入帘上,经过开松,椰棕纤维和无油聚丙烯短纤维被进一步打散,并混合在一起,通过除尘器除尘,被风送到气压棉箱,在气流的作用下,椰棕纤维和无油聚丙烯短纤维得到充分混合,再被风送到储棉箱,为梳理机提供源源不断的混合纤维;
混合纤维经过梳理机梳理后,形成椰棕纤维和无油聚丙烯短纤维互相勾连在一起的纤维网,将纤维网往复铺叠在铺网机底帘上,然后喂入针刺机,通过针刺机后,被刺成密实的毡材,根据需要,切成一定的幅宽和长度,成卷收集,得到椰棕纤维毡。
实施例2
在实施例1制备方法中,所加入的椰棕纤维的重量为椰棕纤维和无油聚丙烯短纤维总重量的30%,所加入的无油聚丙烯短纤维的重量为总重量的70%。
实施例3
在实施例1制备方法中,所加入的椰棕纤维的重量为椰棕纤维和无油聚丙烯短纤维总重量的50%,所加入的无油聚丙烯短纤维的重量为总重量的50%。
实施例4
在实施例1制备方法中,所加入的椰棕纤维的重量为椰棕纤维和无油聚丙烯短纤维总重量的60%,所加入的无油聚丙烯短纤维的重量为总重量的40%。
实施例5
在实施例1制备方法中,所加入的椰棕纤维的重量为椰棕纤维和无油聚丙烯短纤维总重量的70%,所加入的无油聚丙烯短纤维的重量为总重量的30%。
对比例1
在实施例1制备方法中,所加入的椰棕纤维的重量为椰棕纤维和无油聚丙烯短纤维总重量的20%,所加入的无油聚丙烯短纤维的重量为总重量的80%。
对比例2
在实施例1制备方法中,所加入的椰棕纤维的重量为椰棕纤维和无油聚丙烯短纤维总重量的80%,所加入的无油聚丙烯短纤维的重量为总重量的20%。
实施例6椰棕纤维复合板材的制备
将实施例2制备的椰棕纤维毡放在压板机自动上料设备对应的转轴上,经切割成需要的长度后,自动落到输送帘上,输送帘将其先送入压板机热压区于200-260℃高温下,将聚丙烯短纤维熔化,形成椰棕纤维互相粘结在一起的热板材,然后送入压板机冷压区于5-30℃进行冷却固化,得到椰棕纤维板材。
实施例7
制备方法同实施例6,区别在于,采用的是实施例3制备的椰棕纤维毡。
实施例8
制备方法同实施例6,区别在于,采用的是实施例4制备的椰棕纤维毡。
实施例9
制备方法同实施例6,区别在于,采用的是实施例5制备的椰棕纤维毡。
对比例3
制备方法同实施例6,区别在于,采用的是对比例1制备的椰棕纤维毡。
对比例4
制备方法同实施例6,区别在于,采用的是对比例2制备的椰棕纤维毡。
实施例10
制备方法同实施例6,区别在于,将椰棕纤维毡、可针刺的无纺布按顺序分别放在压板机自动上料设备对应的转轴上。
实施例11
制备方法同实施例6,区别在于,按椰棕纤维毡、胶膜、不可针刺的无纺布或水刺布的顺序分别放在压板机自动上料设备对应的转轴上。
实施例12
制备方法同实施例6,区别在于,按胶膜、椰棕纤维毡、可针刺的无纺布的顺序分别放在压板机自动上料设备对应的转轴上
实施例13
制备方法同实施例6,区别在于,按胶膜、椰棕纤维毡、胶膜、不可针刺的无纺布或水刺布的顺序分别放在压板机自动上料设备对应的转轴上。
性能测试
1、以克重为1800g/㎡,厚度为5.0mm板材为例,对实施例6-11制备的椰棕纤维板材的物理性能进行对比,对比数据如表3所示。
表3不同实施例制备的椰棕纤维板性能对比
说明:因为椰棕纤维复合板材没有国家或行业标准,本发明参考的是麻纤板的有关行业标准。
基于表3数据可知,在本申请椰棕纤维与无油聚丙烯短纤维的重量设定范围内制备得到的椰棕纤维复合材料的物理性能对比参考标准来看,具有显著改善,聚丙烯短纤维含量越高,板材抗弯强度和拉伸强度越高,尺寸变化率越低,吸水率越低;而未在设定范围内制备得到的椰棕纤维复合材料的物理性能则在某些方面并不能完全满足汽车内饰材料的要求,对比例1制备的板材,抗弯强度、拉伸强度、尺寸变化率、吸水率等指标非常好,但椰棕纤维含量太低,聚丙烯短纤维含量太高,聚丙烯短纤维熔化后,其所占空间体积急剧变小,椰棕纤维无法撑起足够的空间,所以,板材厚度偏低,无法达到要求;对比例2制备的板材,抗弯强度、拉伸强度、尺寸变化率、吸水率等指标很差,因为聚丙烯短纤维含量太低,椰棕纤维含量太高,聚丙烯短纤维熔化后,不足以把椰棕纤维充分的粘结在一起,大部分椰棕纤维处于自由松散状态,无法压实,板材厚度偏高,不能满足要求,同时由于椰棕纤维含量高,板材的气味主要取决于椰棕纤维的气味,气味相应增大。
2、以克重为1800g/㎡,厚度为5.0mm板材为例,对麻纤板、玻纤板、椰棕纤维板的物理性能进行对比,对比数据如表4所示,其中:
麻纤板:无油聚丙烯短纤维50%,麻纤维50%;
玻纤板:无油聚丙烯短纤维50%,玻璃纤维50%;
椰棕纤维板:无油聚丙烯短纤维50%,椰棕纤维50%;
普通椰棕纤维板:有油聚丙烯短纤维50%,椰棕纤维50%。
表4 1800g/㎡不同板材的物理性能指标
结合表4数据可知,椰棕纤维板在抗弯强度、拉伸强度、尺寸变化率、吸水率等方面与麻纤板、玻纤板和普通混合纤维板非常接近,椰棕纤维复合材料在性能上可与麻纤维复合材料相媲美,但普通椰棕纤维板气味大,原因是有油聚丙烯短纤维含有油剂,油剂本身有一定的气味。而未在设定范围内制备得到的椰棕纤维复合材料的物理性能则在某些方面并不能完全满足汽车内饰材料的要求,对比例3存在的问题同对比例1,对比例4存在的问题同对比例2,对比例3和对比例4制备的复合材料均不符合要求。
因此,从性能上看,椰棕纤维板对人体无害且在气味方面具有显著优势,因此可完全可以替代麻纤板和玻纤板,用于汽车内饰。从经济效益看,椰棕纤维的价格大约是麻纤维的1/2,根据原料配比不同,椰棕纤维板的原料成本要比麻纤板低10%-30%,如果用椰棕纤维板替代麻纤板,对于生产企业来说,也将会带来可观的经济效益。
Claims (10)
1.用于汽车内饰材料的椰棕纤维复合材料,其特征在于,包括椰棕纤维毡层;
其中,所述椰棕纤维毡层为椰棕纤维与有油/无油聚丙烯短纤维经开松、打散、充分混合梳理形成二者互相勾连在一起的纤维网,然后通过针刺而成的密实毡材。
2.根据权利要求1所述的椰棕纤维复合材料,其特征在于,所述椰棕纤维毡层的至少一面覆有无纺布或水刺布。
3.根据权利要求2所述的椰棕纤维复合材料,其特征在于,所述椰棕纤维毡层的至少一面覆有可针刺的无纺布时,可针刺的无纺布通过针刺的方式刺在椰棕纤维毡层上。
4.根据权利要求2所述的椰棕纤维复合材料,其特征在于,所述椰棕纤维毡层的至少一面覆有不可针刺的无纺布或水刺布时,椰棕纤维毡层与无纺布或水刺布之间覆有胶膜层。
5.根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的椰棕纤维复合材料,其特征在于,所述椰棕纤维毡层中,所加入的椰棕纤维的重量为椰棕纤维和无油聚丙烯短纤维总重量的30-70%,所加入的无油聚丙烯短纤维的重量为总重量的70-30%。
6.根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的椰棕纤维复合材料,其特征在于,对于克重为1800g/m2、厚度为5.0mm的椰棕纤维复合板材,其抗弯强度≥8.9MPa、拉伸强度≥7.5MPa、尺寸变化率≤0.08%、吸水率≤9%、气味≤3.0级。
7.根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的椰棕纤维复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
将椰棕纤维毡层按要求放在压板机自动上料设备对应的转轴上,经切割成需要的长度后,自动落到输送帘上,输送帘将其先送入压板机热压区,聚丙烯短纤维遇热熔化,得到椰棕纤维互相粘结在一起的热板材,然后送入压板机冷压区进行冷却固化,得到椰棕纤维板材。
8.根据权利要求7所述的制备方法,其特征在于,在放置椰棕纤维毡层时,还包括根据需要放置可针刺的无纺布、或者胶膜和不可针刺的无纺布或水刺布的步骤。
9.根据权利要求7或8所述的制备方法,其特征在于,压板机热压区的温度为200-260℃,压板机冷压区的温度为5-30℃。
10.根据权利要求9所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述椰棕纤维毡层通过以下方法制备得到:
将椰棕纤维和有油/无油聚丙烯短纤维分别投入到开包机中,经打散后,将二者分别定量、重叠地落到开松机喂入帘上,经开松后,对混合在一起的椰棕纤维和有油/无油聚丙烯短纤维进行除尘,然后被风依次送入气压棉箱和储棉箱,得到混合纤维;
将混合纤维进行梳理后,形成互相勾连在一起的纤维网,将纤维网往复铺叠在铺网机底帘上,然后喂入针刺机,经针刺形成密实的毡材后,根据需要切成一定的幅宽和长度,成卷收集,得到椰棕纤维毡。
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