CN115364622B - Mars surface carbon dioxide capturing and converting system and method thereof - Google Patents
Mars surface carbon dioxide capturing and converting system and method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115364622B CN115364622B CN202211024318.4A CN202211024318A CN115364622B CN 115364622 B CN115364622 B CN 115364622B CN 202211024318 A CN202211024318 A CN 202211024318A CN 115364622 B CN115364622 B CN 115364622B
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- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 156
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 75
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 claims description 61
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007809 chemical reaction catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241001398967 Colonia Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011358 absorbing material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;hydrate Chemical compound C.O VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036632 reaction speed Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002336 sorption--desorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
- B01D53/06—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with moving adsorbents, e.g. rotating beds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/50—Carbon oxides
- B01D2257/504—Carbon dioxide
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/80—Water
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2259/00—Type of treatment
- B01D2259/40—Further details for adsorption processes and devices
- B01D2259/40083—Regeneration of adsorbents in processes other than pressure or temperature swing adsorption
- B01D2259/40088—Regeneration of adsorbents in processes other than pressure or temperature swing adsorption by heating
- B01D2259/40096—Regeneration of adsorbents in processes other than pressure or temperature swing adsorption by heating by using electrical resistance heating
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02C—CAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
- Y02C20/00—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases
- Y02C20/40—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases of CO2
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a Mars surface carbon dioxide capturing and converting system and a Mars surface carbon dioxide capturing and converting method. The invention designs a carbon dioxide trapping system based on an adsorption principle based on the low-temperature characteristic of Mars atmosphere, which utilizes a rotating wheel adsorber to realize efficient trapping of carbon dioxide in Mars atmosphere, utilizes Sabatier reaction heat as a regeneration heat source of the rotating wheel adsorber, does not need to be provided with an additional heating system, realizes efficient coupling of carbon dioxide trapping and converting systems, and can continuously acquire methane propellant required by return Mars detection. The system of the invention is also provided with the condenser and the water collector which utilize the cold energy of the Mars atmosphere, so as to realize the separation of carbon dioxide and water vapor in the regenerated gas, and an additional water vapor adsorber is not required, and meanwhile, the collection of valuable water resources can be realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of Mars detection, in particular to a Mars surface carbon dioxide capturing and converting system and a Mars surface carbon dioxide capturing and converting method.
Background
The in-situ preparation of the Mars propellant refers to the in-situ preparation of carrier rocket propellant on Mars by exploring, acquiring and utilizing natural resources of Mars, and is a key technology for realizing the detection of underground manned people and the underground activities of future space colonia and the like. The main component of the Mars surface atmosphere is carbon dioxide, which accounts for 95.32% of the total amount, and the propellant can be obtained through reduction reaction. Carbon dioxide reduction has a variety of technical routes, comprehensively considering various factors such as maturity, operability, economy, long-term stability and the like, and carbon dioxide hydromethanation (Sabatier reaction) has become the current mainstream technology and has been successfully applied in international space stations. The Sabatier reaction is a strongly exothermic process limited by thermodynamic equilibrium, and to increase the Sabatier reaction rate, the reactor must be maintained at a high temperature, while to increase the conversion requires the reactor to be at a lower temperature, so it is difficult to achieve the goals of both high reaction rate and reaction rate. In addition, the Mars atmosphere is very thin, the annual pressure fluctuates between 680 and 1000Pa, and the average temperature of Mars is about 216K and the day-night temperature difference is as high as 80K, which is less than one percent of the earth atmospheric pressure. Therefore, the conventional carbon dioxide capturing method of the earth is difficult to adapt to the low-temperature and low-pressure environment of the Mars surface, and a Sabatier reaction system for carbon dioxide conversion needs to be specifically designed so as to be efficiently coupled with the carbon dioxide capturing system.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a Mars surface carbon dioxide capturing and converting system, which utilizes a rotating wheel adsorber to realize high-efficiency capturing of carbon dioxide in Mars atmosphere, utilizes Sabatier reaction heat as a regeneration heat source of the rotating wheel adsorber, and can continuously acquire methane propellant required by return Mars detection.
The invention aims at realizing the aim by adopting the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, the invention provides a Mars surface carbon dioxide capturing and converting system, which comprises a Mars atmosphere pipeline, a regeneration gas pipeline, a mixed gas pipeline, a rotating wheel adsorber, a condenser and a loop heat pipe;
the circulating channel of the runner adsorber comprises a runner adsorption channel and a runner desorption channel, and the runner adsorber enables the runner adsorbing water and carbon dioxide gas to reciprocally rotate between the runner adsorption channel and the runner desorption channel through continuous rotation, so that adsorption and desorption regeneration are synchronously carried out; the outer side of the rotating wheel desorption channel is provided with a sealing cover for isolating the external atmosphere and the rotating wheel desorption channel; the loop heat pipe is formed by connecting a loop heat pipe evaporation section, a loop heat pipe heat insulation section and a loop heat pipe condensation section;
the condenser is provided with a first passage and a second passage which form heat exchange;
the inlet end of the Mars atmosphere pipeline is used for introducing Mars atmosphere, and the pipeline is sequentially communicated with the low-temperature stop valve, the filter, the low-temperature fan and the runner adsorption channel of the runner adsorber, and then the outlet end is vented, so that water and carbon dioxide gas in the Mars atmosphere introduced into the Mars atmosphere pipeline are adsorbed and trapped in the runner adsorption channel;
the inlet end of the regenerated gas pipeline is communicated with a sealing cover outside the rotating wheel desorption channel, the pipeline is sequentially communicated with a constant pressure valve, a first passage of a condenser, a water collector and an outlet end of a compressor, the outlet end of the condenser is connected into a mixer, and a second passage of the condenser flows through Mars atmosphere for cooling the first passage, so that carbon dioxide and water vapor adsorbed by the rotating wheel adsorber are desorbed, separated and pressurized, and then are introduced into the mixer in a pure carbon dioxide form; the constant pressure valve automatically controls the opening and closing states according to the pressure, and is in a closing state when the pressure is lower than a pressure set value, and is in an opening state when the pressure is higher than the pressure set value;
the inlet end of the mixed gas pipeline is used for introducing hydrogen, and the pipeline is sequentially connected with the mixer, the electric heater and the Sabatier reactor, so that the carbon dioxide and the hydrogen react to generate product gas; the second half section of the reaction cavity of the Sabatier reactor is connected with the rotating wheel adsorption channel through a loop heat pipe and is used for conducting reaction heat in the Sabatier reactor to the rotating wheel desorption channel for regeneration desorption.
As a preferable aspect of the above first aspect, the device further comprises a wind power generation device for generating electric energy by using wind energy of the Mars surface, and a solar power generation device for generating electric energy by solar energy of the Mars surface, both of which transmit electric energy to the electric heater through the power line, thereby completing temperature rise of the mixture.
As a preferable aspect of the first aspect described above, the filter employs an electrostatic dust removing device.
Preferably, in the first aspect, the adsorbent in the rotary adsorber is silica gel or zeolite 13X.
As a preferable aspect of the first aspect, the water collector is a centrifugal separation water removing device or a wire mesh water blocking device for removing liquid droplets.
Preferably, in the first aspect, the condenser is a fin-tube heat exchanger.
Preferably, in the first aspect, the Sabatier reactor is externally coated with a heat insulating material, and the internal reaction chambers are all filled with a catalyst.
Preferably, the mixer is connected to a hydrogen gas output line in the electrolytic water system.
As a preferable mode of the first aspect, the loop heat pipe is composed of a loop heat pipe evaporation section, a loop heat pipe heat insulation section and a loop heat pipe condensation section, the loop heat pipe evaporation section is in heat exchange contact with the latter half part of the reaction cavity of the Sabatier reactor, the loop heat pipe heat insulation section is located between the Sabatier reactor and the rotating wheel desorption channel, and the loop heat pipe condensation section is in heat exchange contact with a heat conduction structure inside the rotating wheel desorption channel.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a Mars surface carbon dioxide capturing and converting method using the system according to any one of the first aspects, comprising:
s1, a low-temperature stop valve is opened, a low-temperature fan is started to pump Mars atmosphere into a Mars atmosphere pipeline, impurities are removed through a filter and then enter a runner adsorption channel of a runner adsorber, carbon dioxide and water vapor components in the Mars atmosphere are adsorbed by an adsorbent in the runner adsorber, the rest Mars atmosphere is directly emptied, and a runner with saturated adsorption can rotate from the runner adsorption channel to a runner desorption channel;
s2, the reaction heat in the Sabatier reactor is conducted to the rotating wheel with saturated adsorption in the rotating wheel desorption channel through the loop heat pipe, so that the rotating wheel absorbs the heat provided by the loop heat pipe to carry out desorption regeneration, the regenerated gas containing carbon dioxide and water vapor enters the sealing cover to continuously raise the pressure in the cover, and after the pressure set value of the constant pressure valve is reached, the constant pressure valve is opened to enable the regenerated gas in the sealing cover to enter a regenerated gas pipeline; in a regenerated gas pipeline, the regenerated gas firstly enters a first passage of a condenser and absorbs the cold energy of Mars atmosphere continuously flowing through a second passage to liquefy water vapor, then enters a water collector to filter and remove liquid water, and the rest pure carbon dioxide enters a mixer after being further pressurized by a compressor and is mixed with hydrogen to form mixed gas;
s3, after the mixed gas from the mixer enters a mixed gas pipeline, heating to the starting temperature of the Sabat reaction by an electric heater, then entering the front half part of the Sabat reactor, carrying out the Sabat reaction under the action of a Sabat reaction catalyst filled in the inside, then continuing to flow through the rear half part of the Sabat reactor for continuous reaction, absorbing reaction heat by a loop heat pipe and conducting the reaction heat to a rotating wheel desorption channel for desorption regeneration of the rotating wheel desorption channel, thereby reducing the temperature of the rear half part of the Sabat reactor, improving the conversion rate of the reaction, and finally outputting Sabat reaction product gas by the Sabat reactor.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following outstanding and beneficial technical effects: based on the low-temperature characteristics of the Mars atmosphere, a carbon dioxide trapping system based on an adsorption principle is designed, and the carbon dioxide trapping efficiency of the system is improved by fully utilizing the low-temperature characteristics of the Mars atmosphere; the rotating wheel adsorber has the characteristic of synchronous carbon dioxide adsorption and desorption, and can continuously supply carbon dioxide gas for the Sabatier reactor; the condenser and the water collector utilizing the Mars atmospheric cold energy are designed to realize the separation of carbon dioxide and water vapor in the regenerated gas, an additional water vapor adsorber is not required to be arranged, and meanwhile, the collection of precious water resources can be realized; according to the reaction characteristics of the Sabatier, the front half part and the rear half part of the Sabatier reactor are insulated and cooled, and the targets of high reaction speed and high conversion efficiency are realized; the Sabatier reaction heat is used as a regeneration heat source of the adsorbent in the rotating wheel, and an additional heating system is not required to be configured, so that the efficient coupling of the carbon dioxide capturing and converting system is realized; the electric heater is powered by the combination of solar energy and wind energy on the surface of the Mars, so that the intermittence of the solar energy and the wind energy is effectively overcome.
The conception, specific structure, and technical effects of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings so as to fully understand the objects, features, and effects of the present invention.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a Mars surface carbon dioxide capture and conversion system in an embodiment.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of another exemplary Mars surface carbon dioxide capture and conversion system.
In the figure: the system comprises a Mars atmospheric pipeline 1, a low-temperature stop valve 2, a filter 3, a low-temperature fan 4, a runner adsorber 5, a runner adsorption channel 6, a runner desorption channel 7, a sealing cover 8, a regeneration gas pipeline 9, a constant pressure valve 10, a condenser 11, a water collector 12, a compressor 13, a mixer 14, a mixed gas pipeline 15, an electric heater 16, a Sabatier reactor 17, a loop heat pipe 18, a loop heat pipe evaporation section 19, a loop heat pipe heat insulation section 20, a loop heat pipe condensation section 21, a power line 22, a wind power generation device 23 and a solar power generation device 24.
Detailed Description
In order that the above objects, features and advantages of the invention will be readily understood, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. The present invention may be embodied in many other forms than described herein and similarly modified by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention, whereby the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below. The technical features of the embodiments of the invention can be combined correspondingly on the premise of no mutual conflict.
In the description of the present invention, it will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or be indirectly connected with intervening elements present. In contrast, when an element is referred to as being "directly connected" to another element, there are no intervening elements present.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "first" and "second" are used solely for the purpose of distinguishing between the descriptions and not necessarily for the purpose of indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, there is provided a Mars surface carbon dioxide capturing and converting system, which includes a Mars atmospheric pipe 1, a low temperature cut-off valve 2, a filter 3, a low temperature fan 4, a rotary adsorber 5, a rotary adsorption passage 6, a rotary desorption passage 7, a seal cover 8, a regeneration gas pipe 9, a constant pressure valve 10, a condenser 11, a water collector 12, a compressor 13, a mixer 14, a gas mixture pipe 15, an electric heater 16, a Sabatier reactor 17, a loop heat pipe 18, a loop heat pipe evaporation section 19, a loop heat pipe insulation section 20, a loop heat pipe condensation section 21, and a power line 22.
Wherein the rotary adsorber 5 is an adsorption-desorption device in which an adsorbent is disposed on the rotary wheel. The wheel may be designed in the form of a honeycomb wheel to increase its specific surface area. The flow-through channels of the rotary adsorber 5 comprise a rotary adsorption channel 6 and a rotary desorption channel 7, the rotary being largely located in the rotary adsorption channel 6 and the other being located in the rotary desorption channel 7. The runner adsorber 5 makes the runner adsorbing water and carbon dioxide gas reciprocally revolve between the runner adsorbing channel 6 and the runner desorbing channel 7 by continuously rotating, so that the adsorption and desorption regeneration are synchronously performed. In actual operation, the gas enters the runner, is adsorbed by the adsorbent in the runner adsorption channel 6 and is discharged into the atmosphere, and when the runner part adsorbed with the target component is rotated to the runner desorption channel 7, the adsorbed target component can be desorbed from the runner again in a heating mode, so that the enrichment of the target component is realized. In order to ensure that the target components resolved in the rotating wheel desorption channel 7 can be collected, a sealing cover 8 for isolating the external atmosphere and the rotating wheel desorption channel 7 is arranged outside the rotating wheel desorption channel 7, and the desorbed target components enter the sealing cover 8 to prevent the external spark atmosphere from affecting the purity of the desorption gas of the rotating wheel adsorber. In the invention, the target component absorbed by the rotating wheel is carbon dioxide in Mars atmosphere, but part of water is absorbed at the same time, so that the absorbing material filled in the rotating wheel can be silica gel or zeolite 13X and other absorbing agents to increase the absorbing capacity of carbon dioxide.
The Sabatier reactor 17 was a reactor using Sabatier reaction Sabatier reaction. The specific structure of the reactor is not limited and may be implemented using any such reactor in the prior art. The Sabatier reaction is a non-exothermic reaction. In general, in order to avoid adverse effects of the low temperature of the Mars atmosphere on the Sabatier reaction, the Sabatier reactor 17 may be externally coated with a heat insulating material, and the internal reaction chamber is filled with a catalyst, and the catalyst may be an existing catalyst capable of catalyzing the Sabatier reaction.
In addition, in order to analyze carbon dioxide and water adsorbed on the rotor in the rotor desorption passage 7, heat needs to be input into the rotor desorption passage 7. In the present invention, since the Sabatier reactor 17 generates heat, which is disadvantageous for improving the conversion efficiency of the Sabatier reaction, the heat in the Sabatier reactor 17 can be transferred to the rotor desorption channel 7 by providing a heat pipe. The invention may be provided with a loop heat pipe 18 for connecting the Sabatier reactor 17 and the rotor desorption channel 7. The loop heat pipe 18 is formed by connecting a loop heat pipe evaporation section 19, a loop heat pipe insulation section 20 and a loop heat pipe condensation section 21, and the principle of the heat pipe can be seen in the prior art, and the description thereof is omitted.
In addition, the invention also utilizes the low temperature characteristic of Mars atmosphere to design a condenser 11 to cool down the carbon dioxide and the water vapor so as to separate the water and the carbon dioxide. The condenser 11 has a first passage for heat exchange, which passes through the mixed gas of carbon dioxide and water vapor desorbed by the rotary adsorber 5, and a second passage for spark atmosphere. The average temperature of the Mars atmosphere is about 216K, and the temperature can be used as a cold source to cool the mixed gas of carbon dioxide and water vapor, so that the water vapor is condensed into liquid drops so as to be separated from the mixed gas. In the invention, the condenser 11 can be a fin-tube heat exchanger.
The inlet end of the Mars atmosphere pipeline 1 is directly exposed to Mars atmosphere and is used for introducing Mars atmosphere, and the Mars atmosphere pipeline 1 is sequentially communicated with the low-temperature stop valve 2, the filter 3, the low-temperature fan 4 and the rear outlet end of the runner adsorption channel 6 of the runner adsorber 5 to be exhausted, so that water and carbon dioxide gas in the Mars atmosphere introduced into the Mars atmosphere pipeline 1 are adsorbed and trapped by the adsorbent on the runner in the runner adsorption channel 6.
In the present invention, the filter 3 is used to remove dust in the Mars atmosphere, and may be a filter dust removing device, a cyclone dust removing device, or an electrostatic dust removing device. In view of the reliability of dust removal and dust removal efficiency, the filter 3 preferably removes dust from the raw gas by electrostatic dust removal.
In the present invention, the function of the cryogenic fan 4 is to power the input of the Mars atmosphere. As the day-night temperature difference of the Mars atmosphere is up to 80K, the temperature change range in summer is about 185K-244K, the temperature change range in winter is about 172K-252K, and the temperature in most time periods is lower than the low-temperature starting limit of a common fan, the low-temperature fan type capable of tolerating the atmospheric temperature of the Mars is needed.
The inlet end of the regenerated gas pipeline 9 is communicated with the sealing cover 8 outside the rotating wheel desorption channel 7, and the pipeline is sequentially communicated with the constant pressure valve 10, the first passage of the condenser 11, the water collector 12 and the rear outlet end of the compressor 13 to be connected into the mixer 14, and the second passage of the condenser 11 flows through Mars atmosphere for cooling the first passage, so that carbon dioxide and water vapor adsorbed by the rotating wheel adsorber 5 are desorbed, separated and pressurized and then introduced into the mixer 14 in the form of pure carbon dioxide.
The constant pressure valve 10 arranged at the outlet of the sealing cover 8 is a valve component capable of being opened under a set pressure, and when the pressure in the pipe exceeds a pressure set value after the valve is arranged on the pipeline, the valve is opened for pressure relief, otherwise, the valve is kept closed, so that the output gas pressure is ensured. The opening pressure of the constant pressure valve 10 is a pressure set value which can be optimally adjusted according to the actual gas consumption or gas outlet pressure, the constant pressure valve 10 automatically controls the opening and closing state according to the pressure in the sealing cover 8, the constant pressure valve is in a closed state when the pressure is lower than the pressure set value, the sealing cover 8 is continuously pressurized, the constant pressure valve is in an open state when the pressure is higher than the pressure set value, and the regenerated gas in the sealing cover 8 is discharged into the regenerated gas pipeline 9.
In addition, any device capable of separating liquid water droplets from carbon dioxide gas may be used as the water collector 12 in the present invention, and liquid water may be obtained, for example, by centrifugal separation or a water blocking screen, so that the water collector 12 may employ a centrifugal separation water removing device or a screen water blocking device. In the centrifugal separation dewatering equipment, carbon dioxide gas carrying liquid water drops is rotated to form centrifugal force for throwing the liquid drops to the inner wall of the equipment, and a plurality of screens with fine pore diameters are arranged on an airflow channel in the screen water-blocking equipment, wherein the pore diameters of the screens are smaller than the conventional size of the liquid drops. Thereby, the regenerated gas forms carbon dioxide gas carrying liquid water drops after passing through the condenser 11, and high-purity carbon dioxide can be formed after the liquid drops are separated from the regenerated gas through the water collector 12. The high purity carbon dioxide is pressurized by the compressor 13 so that the pressure in the mixer 14 can meet the pressure required for the subsequent Sabatier reaction.
The inlet end of the gas mixture pipeline 15 is used for introducing hydrogen, and the pipeline is sequentially connected with the mixer 14, the electric heater 16 and the Sabatier reactor 17, so that the carbon dioxide and the hydrogen react to generate product gas. The reaction cavity of the Sabatier reactor 17 is divided into a first half section and a second half section, and the second half section of the reaction cavity of the Sabatier reactor 17 is connected with the runner adsorption channel 6 through a loop heat pipe 18 for conducting reaction heat in the Sabatier reactor 17 to the runner desorption channel 7 for regeneration and desorption.
In the invention, the loop heat pipe 18 is composed of a loop heat pipe evaporation section 19, a loop heat pipe heat insulation section 20 and a loop heat pipe condensation section 21, wherein the loop heat pipe evaporation section 19 is in heat exchange contact with the rear half part of the reaction cavity of the Sabatier reactor 17, the loop heat pipe heat insulation section 20 is positioned between the Sabatier reactor 17 and the rotating wheel desorption channel 7, and the loop heat pipe condensation section 21 is in heat exchange contact with a heat conduction structure inside the rotating wheel desorption channel 7. The heat conducting structure in the rotating wheel desorption channel 7 is various, for example, a high heat conducting unit can be arranged on the rotating wheel, and the high heat conducting unit can exchange heat with the loop heat pipe condensation section 21 in the rotating wheel desorption channel 7 with high efficiency when the rotating wheel rotates.
In the present invention, the electric heater 16 functions to heat the mixed gas of carbon dioxide and hydrogen to the start-up temperature of the Sabatier reaction before feeding the mixed gas into the Sabatier reactor 17. Wind power generation and solar power generation may be provided to provide the electric heater 16 with the required power in consideration of environmental conditions on the Mars. Therefore, as shown in fig. 2, a wind power generation device 23 and a solar power generation device 24 may be further provided in the present invention, the wind power generation device 23 is used for generating electric energy by using wind energy on the surface of the Mars, the solar power generation device 24 is used for generating electric energy by using solar energy on the surface of the Mars, and the electric energy is transmitted to the electric heater 16 through the power line 22, so as to complete the temperature rise of the mixed gas.
The hydrogen gas participating in the Sabatier reaction in the present invention may be derived from pre-stored hydrogen gas or directly prepared hydrogen gas, for example, the mixer 14 may be connected to a hydrogen gas output pipeline in an electrolysis water system on the spark, and the hydrogen gas formed by electrolysis water may be directly used to participate in the Sabatier reaction.
In another embodiment of the present invention, based on the above-mentioned sparks surface carbon dioxide capturing and converting system, a sparks surface carbon dioxide capturing and converting method is further provided, which comprises the following specific steps:
(1) The preparation process comprises the following steps: starting a wind power generation device 23 and a solar power generation device 24, and transmitting electric energy generated by the operation of the wind power generation device and the solar power generation device to the electric heater 16 through a power line 22; the Mars air flows through the second passage of the condenser 11 under the action of a fan and other devices, and is used for condensing and desorbing regenerated water vapor.
(2) Adsorption flow: the low-temperature stop valve 2 is opened, the low-temperature fan 4 is started to pump Mars atmosphere into the Mars atmosphere pipeline 1, impurities such as dust and the like are removed through the filter 2, then the Mars atmosphere enters the runner adsorption channel 6 of the runner adsorber 5 through the low-temperature fan 4, carbon dioxide and water vapor components in the Mars atmosphere are adsorbed by the adsorbent in the runner adsorber 5, the rest Mars atmosphere is directly emptied, and the runner with saturated adsorption can rotate from the runner adsorption channel 6 to the runner desorption channel 7;
(3) And (3) analyzing and regenerating processes: the compressor 13 is turned on, the reaction heat in the Sabatier reactor 17 is conducted to the rotating wheel in the rotating wheel desorption channel 7 which is saturated by adsorption through the loop heat pipe 18, so that the rotating wheel absorbs the heat provided by the loop heat pipe 18 to carry out desorption regeneration, the regenerated gas containing carbon dioxide and water vapor enters the sealing cover 8 to continuously raise the pressure in the cover, and after the pressure set value of the constant pressure valve 10 is reached, the constant pressure valve 10 is turned on to enable the regenerated gas in the sealing cover 8 to enter the regenerated gas pipeline 9; in the regenerated gas pipeline 9, the regenerated gas firstly enters a first passage of a condenser 11 and absorbs the cold energy of Mars atmosphere continuously flowing through the second passage to liquefy water vapor, then enters a water collector 12 to filter and remove liquid water, and the rest high-purity carbon dioxide is further pressurized by a compressor 13 and then enters a mixer 14 to be mixed with hydrogen to form mixed gas.
(4) Sabatier reaction scheme: after the mixed gas from the mixer 14 enters the mixed gas pipeline 15, the mixed gas is firstly heated to the starting temperature of the Sabat reaction by the electric heater 16, then enters the front half part of the Sabat reactor 17, the Sabat reaction is carried out under the action of the Sabat reaction catalyst filled in the inside, then the mixed gas continuously flows through the rear half part of the Sabat reactor 17 to continue the reaction, the reaction heat is absorbed by the loop heat pipe 18 and is conducted into the rotating wheel desorption channel 7 for desorption regeneration of the rotating wheel desorption channel 7, thereby reducing the temperature of the rear half part of the Sabat reactor 17 and improving the conversion rate of the reaction, and finally the Sabat reaction product gas is output by the Sabat reactor 17.
In the Sabatier reaction process, the Sabatier reaction in the first half of the Sabatier reactor 17 has a higher reaction rate due to the higher temperature of the first half, and then continuously flows through the second half of the Sabatier reactor 17, the reaction heat is absorbed by the loop heat pipe evaporation section 19 of the loop heat pipe 18 and is used for regenerating the rotating wheel desorption channel 7, so that the temperature of the second half of the Sabatier reactor 17 can be obviously reduced, the Sabatier reaction has a higher conversion rate, the reaction rate and the conversion rate of the Sabatier reaction are both considered, and meanwhile, the reaction waste heat is also utilized, so that the power consumption during rotating wheel analysis is saved.
The above embodiment is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but it is not intended to limit the present invention. Various changes and modifications may be made by one of ordinary skill in the pertinent art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, all the technical schemes obtained by adopting the equivalent substitution or equivalent transformation are within the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. The Mars surface carbon dioxide capturing and converting method is characterized by being realized by adopting a Mars surface carbon dioxide capturing and converting system, wherein the Mars surface carbon dioxide capturing and converting system comprises a Mars atmosphere pipeline (1), a regeneration gas pipeline (9), a mixed gas pipeline (15), a rotating wheel adsorber (5), a condenser (11) and a loop heat pipe (18);
the circulating channel of the runner adsorber (5) comprises a runner adsorption channel (6) and a runner desorption channel (7), and the runner adsorber (5) enables a runner adsorbing water and carbon dioxide gas to reciprocally rotate between the runner adsorption channel (6) and the runner desorption channel (7) through continuous rotation, so that adsorption and desorption regeneration are synchronously carried out; a sealing cover (8) for isolating the external atmosphere and the rotating wheel desorption channel (7) is arranged at the outer side of the rotating wheel desorption channel (7); the loop heat pipe (18) is formed by connecting a loop heat pipe evaporation section (19), a loop heat pipe heat insulation section (20) and a loop heat pipe condensation section (21);
the condenser (11) has a first passage and a second passage which constitute heat exchange;
the inlet end of the Mars atmosphere pipeline (1) is used for introducing Mars atmosphere, and the pipeline is sequentially communicated with the low-temperature stop valve (2), the filter (3), the low-temperature fan (4) and the rear outlet end of the runner adsorption channel (6) of the runner adsorber (5), so that water and carbon dioxide gas in the Mars atmosphere introduced into the Mars atmosphere pipeline (1) are adsorbed and trapped in the runner adsorption channel (6);
the inlet end of the regenerated gas pipeline (9) is communicated with a sealing cover (8) outside the rotating wheel desorption channel (7), and the pipeline is sequentially communicated with a constant pressure valve (10), a first passage of a condenser (11), a water collector (12) and an outlet end of a compressor (13) to be connected into a mixer (14), and the second passage of the condenser (11) flows through Mars atmosphere for cooling the first passage, so that carbon dioxide and water vapor adsorbed by the rotating wheel adsorber (5) are desorbed, separated and pressurized and then are introduced into the mixer (14) in a pure carbon dioxide form; the constant pressure valve (10) automatically controls the opening and closing states according to the pressure, and is in a closing state when the pressure is lower than a pressure set value, and is in an opening state when the pressure is higher than the pressure set value;
the inlet end of the mixed gas pipeline (15) is used for introducing hydrogen, and the pipeline is sequentially connected with the mixer (14), the electric heater (16) and the Sabatier reactor (17), so that the carbon dioxide and the hydrogen react to generate product gas; the second half section of the reaction cavity of the Sabatier reactor (17) is connected with a runner adsorption channel (6) through a loop heat pipe (18) and is used for conducting reaction heat in the Sabatier reactor (17) to a runner desorption channel (7) for regeneration and desorption;
the loop heat pipe (18) is composed of a loop heat pipe evaporation section (19), a loop heat pipe heat insulation section (20) and a loop heat pipe condensation section (21), the loop heat pipe evaporation section (19) is in heat exchange contact with the rear half part of a reaction cavity of the Sabatier reactor (17), the loop heat pipe heat insulation section (20) is positioned between the Sabatier reactor (17) and the rotating wheel desorption channel (7), and the loop heat pipe condensation section (21) is in heat exchange contact with a heat conduction structure in the rotating wheel desorption channel (7);
the Mars surface carbon dioxide capturing and converting method comprises the following steps:
s1, a low-temperature stop valve (2) is opened, a low-temperature fan (4) is started to pump Mars atmosphere into a Mars atmosphere pipeline (1), impurities are removed through a filter (3) and then enter a rotating wheel adsorption channel (6) of a rotating wheel adsorber (5), carbon dioxide and water vapor components in the Mars atmosphere are adsorbed by an adsorbent in the rotating wheel adsorber (5), the rest Mars atmosphere is directly emptied, and a rotating wheel with saturated adsorption rotates from the rotating wheel adsorption channel (6) to a rotating wheel desorption channel (7);
s2, conducting reaction heat in the Sabatier reactor (17) to an adsorption saturated rotating wheel in a rotating wheel desorption channel (7) through a loop heat pipe (18), enabling the rotating wheel to absorb heat provided by the loop heat pipe (18) to carry out desorption regeneration, enabling regenerated gas containing carbon dioxide and water vapor to enter a sealing cover (8) to enable the pressure in the cover to continuously rise, and opening the constant pressure valve (10) to enable the regenerated gas in the sealing cover (8) to enter a regenerated gas pipeline (9) after the pressure set value of the constant pressure valve (10) is reached; in a regenerated gas pipeline (9), the regenerated gas firstly enters a first passage of a condenser (11) and absorbs the cold energy of Mars atmospheric continuously flowing through the second passage to liquefy water vapor, then enters a water collector (12) to filter and remove liquid water, and the rest pure carbon dioxide enters a mixer (14) after being further pressurized by a compressor (13) to be mixed with hydrogen to form mixed gas;
s3, after the mixed gas from the mixer (14) enters a mixed gas pipeline (15), the mixed gas is firstly heated to the starting temperature of the Sabatier reaction by an electric heater (16), then enters the front half part of the Sabatier reactor (17), the Sabatier reaction is carried out under the action of a Sabatier reaction catalyst filled in the inside, then continuously flows through the rear half part of the Sabatier reactor (17) to continue the reaction, and the reaction heat is absorbed by a loop heat pipe (18) and is conducted into a rotating wheel desorption channel (7) for desorption regeneration of the rotating wheel desorption channel (7), so that the temperature of the rear half part of the Sabatier reactor (17) is reduced, the conversion rate of the reaction is improved, and finally the Sabatier reaction product gas is output by the Sabatier reactor (17).
2. The method for capturing and converting carbon dioxide on the surface of a Mars according to claim 1, further comprising a wind power generation device (23) and a solar power generation device (24), wherein the wind power generation device (23) is used for generating electric energy by utilizing wind energy on the surface of the Mars, the solar power generation device (24) is used for generating electric energy by solar energy on the surface of the Mars, and the electric energy is transmitted to the electric heater (16) through the power line (22) by the wind power generation device, so that the temperature rise of the mixed gas is completed.
3. The Mars surface carbon dioxide capturing and converting method according to claim 1, characterized in that the filter (3) employs electrostatic dust collection equipment.
4. The Mars surface carbon dioxide capturing and converting method according to claim 1, characterized in that the adsorbent in the rotating wheel adsorber (5) is silica gel or zeolite 13X.
5. The Mars surface carbon dioxide capturing and converting method according to claim 1, characterized in that the water collector (12) is a centrifugal separation water removing device or a wire mesh water blocking device for removing liquid droplets.
6. The Mars surface carbon dioxide capturing and converting method according to claim 1, characterized in that the condenser (11) is a fin-tube heat exchanger.
7. The Mars surface carbon dioxide capturing and converting method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the Sabatier reactor (17) is externally coated with a heat insulating material, and the internal reaction chambers are filled with catalysts.
8. The Mars surface carbon dioxide capturing and converting method according to claim 1, characterized in that the mixer (14) is connected to a hydrogen output line in an electrolyzed water system.
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