CN115360523A - Low RCS (Radar Cross section) super-surface structure design method based on singularity cancellation - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of electronic materials, and particularly relates to a low RCS (Radar Cross section) super-surface structure design method based on singularity cancellation. The invention designs a basic unit structure covering a 2 pi phase based on an artificial electromagnetic super surface by utilizing the special electromagnetic performance of the artificial electromagnetic super surface, changes the wave front phase of electromagnetic waves and forms the electromagnetic structure super surface forming vortex waves. The OAM adopts plane waves to perform phase compensation to realize vortex waves with singularities, and has the characteristic of extremely low RCS; a pair of OAM with completely opposite positive and negative singularities is obtained by optimally designing a phase gradient and then combined; by utilizing the characteristic of cancellation of vortex waves in two opposite directions, the single-station RCS reduction of a working frequency point is realized by plane waves under the condition of vertical incidence, so that the electromagnetic scattering of a target body is effectively controlled, the extremely low RCS is obtained, a new thought and a new method are provided for an RCS reduction technology, and the method has a wide development prospect in the microwave field.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of electronic materials, and particularly relates to a low RCS (Radar Cross section) super-surface structure design method based on singularity cancellation.
Background
The stealth technology plays a significant role in modern military war, and is classified as one of key core technologies in developed countries such as Europe and America. The radar scattering cross section (RCS) is a physical quantity for representing the scattering characteristics of a target body, and is the most key concept of the radar stealth technology. By effectively controlling the RCS of the target, the probability of it being detected can be greatly reduced. At present, RCS reduction methods mainly comprise appearance design, stealth material loading, passive stealth and active stealth. After the target body is shaped, the loading of the stealth material becomes the most important RCS reduction means. Therefore, the design of the extremely-low RCS structure has important significance on the stealth of the target radar. Different from the absorption type low RCS structure of the traditional coating type wave-absorbing material, the electromagnetic scattering of a target body is controlled by adopting a phase control super-surface mode, and a new technical approach is provided for the design of an extremely low RCS structure.
In recent years, orbital Angular Momentum (OAM) vortex waves have been extensively studied, and the Orbital Angular Momentum is related to the spatial distribution of electromagnetic waves, i.e. vortex electromagnetic waves have Angular Momentum during transmission, which can be induced by a helical phase factor in the field distribution of plane waves
To form the same. In the phase factor, l represents the mode number of OAM, and Φ represents the azimuth of the cross section perpendicular to the propagation direction. A beam with orbital angular momentum has the characteristic of zero radiation ("nulls") in its radiation direction, a characteristic feature caused by the phase singularity of the vortex wave, thus creating an amplitude null. Due to the fact thatDue to the unique property of OAM, the methods for generating and regulating OAM beams are also of great interest to researchers.
The method for generating orbital angular momentum mainly comprises antenna array, spiral phase plate and spiral reflecting surface. The antenna array generates a 2 pi phase difference to an incident wave through different antenna units so as to form a vortex beam, however, the method usually needs a complex feed network, and the design difficulty and the design cost are increased. The design idea of the spiral phase plate is that when a wave beam penetrates through the surfaces of the phase plates with different heights, different phase factors are added to reflected waves, and then electromagnetic vortex waves are formed. OAM is widely applied to novel antenna arrays to realize beam control, but the research in the field of electromagnetic scattering control is less, and in antenna array design, the OAM realizes vortex waves by phase compensation through spherical waves.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems or the defects, aiming at realizing the technical problem of extremely low RCS scattering characteristics and aiming at the single scattering control means and the particularity of vortex waves generated by plane waves, the invention provides a method for designing a low RCS super-surface structure based on singularity cancellation.
A low RCS super surface structure design method based on singular point cancellation calculates a compensation phase by incident electromagnetic plane waves after super surface reflection, and the compensation phase is added with the incident wave phase to realize the wave front phase of the reflected electromagnetic waves
The spiral distribution of (a) is then cancelled by two opposite singularity vortex beams. The method comprises the following specific steps:
the plane shape of the basic unit is a square with the side length of p, and the basic unit sequentially comprises a bottom metal layer, a middle dielectric layer and a top metal pattern layer which are stacked from bottom to top; the bottom metal layer and the middle dielectric layer of the basic unit have the same physical size, the metal pattern layer at the top is a square patch which is centrally stacked on the middle dielectric layer, and the outer edge of the basic unit and the outer edge of the square patch form a square ring; optimizing by taking the side length of a square of the top metal pattern layer as a variable to form M basic units to realize a phase range required by generating orbital angular momentum OAM;
the basic unit selects M types according to the requirements of the generated vortex wave on the amplitude and the phase of the basic unit structure, wherein M is more than or equal to 4, so that the amplitude of the basic unit structure can be more than or equal to 0.8, and a phase difference of 360 degrees can be realized;
the metal of the bottom metal layer and the metal of the top metal pattern layer are both made of metal materials with the reflectivity of more than or equal to 90%, and the middle dielectric layer is made of loss materials with the dielectric constant of 2.2-4.3.
And 2, establishing an x '-y' coordinate axis by taking the central point of the super-surface structure as an origin, and defining 1, 2, 3 and 4 quadrants in the counterclockwise direction. And selecting a quadrant, and establishing an x-y coordinate axis by taking the central point of the quadrant as an original point, wherein the x-y coordinate axis is defined as a quadrant super surface.
Equally dividing the M basic units for realizing vortex waves determined in the step 1 into M areas by taking the central point of the quadrant super-surface as an origin; dividing the plane structure of the whole super surface into m × n basic units which are arranged in a matrix mode, wherein m is more than or equal to 15, and n is more than or equal to 15;
deducing an electric field expression of vortex waves transmitted along the transmission direction of the electromagnetic waves according to a Helmholtz equation of a free space, wherein the vortex wave beam phase is used as an output phase of the super surface to obtain an output phase formula; then obtaining an input phase of the super surface according to an incident field source, and obtaining a compensation phase required to be provided by each basic unit of the super surface according to the operation between the output phase and the input phase;
the field source is positioned in the central axial direction of the electromagnetic super-surface structure, and after linearly polarized plane waves are reflected by the super-surface structure, electromagnetic vortex waves are generated, and the compensation phase required by each basic unit is obtained as follows:
wherein l is an orbital angular momentum mode number, and the value is an integer;
is the compensation phase of the mth row and nth column basic unit in the quadrant super surface; and x and y are coordinate axes which are constructed by taking the center of the quadrant super surface as an origin and correspond to the abscissa/ordinate of each basic unit.
And 3, step 3: for the quadrant super-surface, programming by using MATLAB according to a compensation phase formula, establishing association between a basic unit phase and a compensation phase, and respectively taking:
and l = -1, if the central phase is set to be zero, the phase of the x positive half shaft is 0, the positive half shaft rotates anticlockwise, and the phases of the rectangular coordinate system are 0 degrees, 90 degrees, 180 degrees and 270 degrees in sequence. And obtaining an output phase, an input phase and a compensation phase form required to be provided by the super surface of 2 and 4 quadrants, and further obtaining an arrangement rule of all basic units of the quadrant super surface for generating the OAM, so that all the basic units are arranged to obtain the quadrant super surface generating the topological charge number of-1, and the quadrant super surface is defined as a negative 1-order negative singular point OAM structure.
When l =1, the same center phase as that in the case of l = -1 is set, and when the center phase is set to 0, the phase in the x positive axis is 0, and the phase is rotated clockwise along the positive axis, and the phase in the rectangular coordinate system is 0 °, 90 °, 180 °, and 270 ° in this order. And obtaining an output phase, an input phase and a compensation phase form which needs to be provided by the super surface of the 1 and 3 quadrants, and further obtaining an arrangement rule of all basic units of the quadrant super surface for generating the OAM, so that all the basic units are arranged to obtain the quadrant super surface with the topological charge number of 1, and the quadrant super surface is defined as a positive 1-order positive singularity OAM structure.
And 4, step 4: the negative 1 st order negative singularity super surface of l = -1 is used as a module of 2 and 4 quadrants, and the positive 1 st order positive singularity super surface of l =1 is used as a module of 1 and 3 quadrants, so that a 2m x 2n super surface structure, namely a low RCS super surface structure based on singularity cancellation, is combined.
The invention designs a basic unit structure covering a 2 pi phase based on an artificial electromagnetic super surface by utilizing the special electromagnetic performance of the artificial electromagnetic super surface, changes the wave front phase of electromagnetic waves and forms an electromagnetic structure super surface forming vortex waves. The OAM adopts plane waves to perform phase compensation to realize vortex waves with singularities, and has the characteristic of extremely low RCS; and a pair of OAM with positive and negative singularities which are completely opposite is obtained by optimally designing a phase gradient, and the positive and negative singularities are cancelled by combination, so that the electromagnetic scattering of a target body is effectively controlled, an extremely low RCS is obtained, and a new thought and a new method are provided for an RCS reduction technology.
In summary, the present invention introduces vortex beams with positive and negative singularities into the super-surface structure, and then combines them to make the total reflected beam achieve electromagnetic scattering reduction by way of singularity cancellation. The low RCS super-surface structure based on singularity cancellation has the characteristics of being ultrathin, efficient, simple in structure and the like, and meanwhile, the manufacturing process is simple, the cost is low, and batch production can be achieved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a base unit of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a phase curve of the reflection of the basic unit No. 1-8 under normal incidence in the embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the compensation phase of the electromagnetic super-surface reflecting unit when l = -1 in the embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the compensation phase of the electromagnetic super-surface reflecting unit when l =1 in the embodiment;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a quadrant super-surface structure when l = -1 in an example;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a quadrant super-surface structure when l =1 in the embodiment;
FIG. 7 is a schematic representation of an embodiment low RCS super-surface structure based on singularity cancellation;
FIG. 8 is a far field pattern of a low RCS super-surface structure based on singularity cancellation according to an embodiment;
FIG. 9 is a comparison of the results of single station RCS simulation at normal incidence for example two polarization conditions with a metal backplane of the same dimensions.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
A low RCS super surface structure design method based on singular point cancellation specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1: firstly, an initial unit with total reflection characteristics is designed, and structural optimization is carried out in CST.
In this embodiment, the length and width of the bottom metal layer and the middle dielectric layer are both 6mm (P =6 mm), and the thickness of the middle dielectric layer is 1mm; the bottom metal layer and the top metal pattern layer both have a conductivity of 5.8 × 10 7 S/m of metallic copper; the intermediate dielectric layer was made of FR-4 having a dielectric constant of 4.3 and a loss of 0.025.
Simulating the structure size of a basic unit meeting the working frequency band according to the working frequency of the vortex wave; each basic unit comprises three parts, namely a bottom metal, a middle medium layer and a top metal pattern, wherein the top metal pattern is a square with the center of the structure as an origin, as shown in figure 1. And determining that the reflection phases of 8 basic units in the single periodic structure in a 14GHz working frequency band cover 0-2 pi, the reflection phases of the various units sequentially differ by 45 degrees, and the amplitude of the reflected wave of the basic units in the working frequency band tends to 1. As shown in fig. 2.
Step 2: and establishing an x '-y' coordinate axis by taking the central point of the whole super-surface structure as an origin, and defining 1, 2, 3 and 4 quadrants in the counterclockwise direction. And selecting a quadrant, and establishing an x-y coordinate axis by taking the central point of the quadrant as an origin, wherein the x-y coordinate axis is defined as a quadrant super surface.
According to the amplitude and phase requirements needed by OAM realization, further optimization is carried out in CST, the length of a square patch is taken as an optimization variable, 8 basic units capable of realizing 2 pi phase difference are obtained, and the patch lengths of the 8 basic units obtained by optimization according to the principle are respectively as follows: no. 1.9mm-1, no. 3.63mm-2, no. 3.93mm-3, no. 4.1mm-4, no. 4.25mm-5, no. 4.45mm-6, no. 4.82mm-7, no. 5.98 mm-8.
And step 3: for the quadrant super-surface, programming is carried out by utilizing MATLAB according to a compensation phase formula, the association between the phase of a basic unit and the phase of compensation is established, and the following are respectively taken:
and (3) taking the vortex beam of l = -1 as an output phase and the plane wave as an input phase, and subtracting to obtain a compensation phase required by the super-surface. Programming is carried out in MATLAB according to the principle, and correlation between compensation phases required by the super-surface and phases of basic unit structures is established to obtain a corresponding quadrant super-surface structure with the structure size of 210mm × 210mm.
And taking the vortex beam with l =1 as an output phase and the plane wave as an input phase, and subtracting to obtain the compensation phase required by the super-surface. Programming is carried out in MATLAB according to the principle, and correlation between compensation phases required by the super-surface and phases of basic unit structures is established to obtain a corresponding quadrant super-surface structure with the structure size of 210mm × 210mm.
And 4, step 4: taking the quadrant super-surface of l = -1 as a module of 2 nd and 4 th quadrants; then taking the quadrant super-surface of l =1 as a module of the 1 st and 3 rd quadrants, and finally forming a super-surface structure of 420mm × 420mm;
modeling and simulating the final sample in CST, determining a simulation working frequency band, carrying out simulation calculation by taking plane waves as an excitation source, and analyzing the RCS reduction effect. As shown in FIG. 6, under x-polarized incidence, the simulated-10 dB reduction range is 12.6-14.4GHz, and the reduction extreme value is-38.56 dB at 13.5 GHz; under the condition of y-polarization incidence, the simulated-10 dB reduction range is 12.6-14.4GHz, and the reduction extreme value is-39.74 dB at 13.5 GHz;
according to the embodiment, the electromagnetic structural super surface for forming vortex waves is formed by designing the basic unit structure covering the 2 pi phase based on the artificial electromagnetic super surface and utilizing the special electromagnetic performance of the artificial electromagnetic super surface, and changing the wave front phase of electromagnetic waves. The OAM adopts plane waves to perform phase compensation to realize vortex waves with singularities, and has the characteristic of extremely low RCS; a pair of OAM with completely opposite positive and negative singularities is obtained by optimally designing a phase gradient and then combined; by utilizing the characteristic of cancellation of vortex waves in two opposite directions, the single-station RCS reduction of a working frequency point is realized by plane waves under the condition of vertical incidence, so that the electromagnetic scattering of a target body is effectively controlled, the extremely low RCS is obtained, a new thought and method are provided for the RCS reduction technology, and the microwave dielectric constant compensation method has a wide development prospect in the microwave field.
Claims (3)
1. A low RCS super-surface structure design method based on singularity cancellation is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, designing a basic unit with total reflection characteristics and reflection phase covering 0-2 pi;
the plane shape of the basic unit is a square with the side length of p, and the basic unit sequentially comprises a bottom metal layer, a middle dielectric layer and a top metal pattern layer which are stacked from bottom to top; the metal layer on the bottom layer and the middle dielectric layer of the basic unit have the same physical size, the metal pattern layer on the top is a square patch which is centrally stacked on the middle dielectric layer, and the outer edge of the basic unit and the outer edge of the square patch form a square ring; optimizing by taking the side length of a square of the top metal pattern layer as a variable to form M basic units to realize a phase range required by generating orbital angular momentum OAM;
the basic unit selects M types according to the requirements of the generated vortex wave on the amplitude and the phase of the basic unit structure, wherein M is more than or equal to 4, so that the amplitude of the basic unit structure can be more than or equal to 0.8, and a phase difference of 360 degrees can be realized;
the metal of the bottom metal layer and the metal of the top metal pattern layer are both made of metal materials with the reflectivity of more than or equal to 90%, and the middle dielectric layer is made of loss materials with the dielectric constant of 2.2-4.3;
step 2, taking the central point of the super-surface structure as an origin, establishing an x '-y' coordinate axis, and defining 4 quadrants including 1, 2, 3 and 4 in a counterclockwise direction; selecting a quadrant, establishing an x-y coordinate axis by taking the central point of the quadrant as an original point, and defining the coordinate axis as a quadrant super surface;
equally dividing M basic units for realizing vortex waves determined in the step 1 into M areas by taking the central point of the quadrant super-surface as an origin; dividing the plane structure of the whole super surface into m × n basic units which are arranged in a matrix mode, wherein m is more than or equal to 15, and n is more than or equal to 15;
deducing an electric field expression of vortex waves transmitted along the transmission direction of the electromagnetic waves according to a Helmholtz equation of a free space, wherein the vortex wave beam phase is used as an output phase of the super surface to obtain an output phase formula; then obtaining an input phase of the super surface according to an incident field source, and obtaining a compensation phase required to be provided by each basic unit of the super surface according to the operation between the output phase and the input phase;
the field source is positioned in the central axial direction of the electromagnetic super-surface structure, and after linearly polarized plane waves are reflected by the super-surface structure, electromagnetic vortex waves are generated, and the compensation phase required by each basic unit is obtained as follows:
wherein l is an orbital angular momentum mode number, and the value is an integer;
is the compensation phase of the mth row and nth column basic unit in the quadrant super surface; x and y are coordinate axes which are established by taking the center of the quadrant super surface as an origin and correspond to the horizontal/vertical coordinates of each basic unit;
and step 3: for the quadrant super-surface, programming is carried out by utilizing MATLAB according to a compensation phase formula, the association between the phase of a basic unit and the phase of compensation is established, and the following are respectively taken:
when l = -1, setting the central phase to be zero, setting the phase of an x positive half shaft to be 0, rotating anticlockwise along the positive half shaft, and setting the phases of a rectangular coordinate system to be 0 degree, 90 degrees, 180 degrees and 270 degrees in sequence; obtaining an output phase, an input phase and a compensation phase form required to be provided by the super surface of 2 and 4 quadrants, and further obtaining an arrangement rule of all basic units of the quadrant super surface for generating OAM, so that all the basic units of the quadrant super surface are arranged to obtain the quadrant super surface with a topological charge number of-1, and the quadrant super surface is defined as a negative 1-order negative singular point OAM structure;
when l =1, the same central phase as that when l = -1 is set, and when the central phase is set to 0, the phase at the positive x-axis is 0, the phase rotates clockwise along the positive x-axis, and the phases of the rectangular coordinate system are 0 °, 90 °, 180 ° and 270 ° in sequence; obtaining an output phase, an input phase and a compensation phase form required to be provided by the super surface of the 1 and 3 quadrants, and further obtaining an arrangement rule of all basic units of the quadrant super surface for generating OAM, so that all the basic units of the quadrant super surface are arranged to obtain the quadrant super surface with the generated topological charge number of 1, and the quadrant super surface is defined as a positive 1-order positive singular point OAM structure;
and 4, step 4: and (4) taking the negative 1-order negative singularity super surface of l =1 obtained in the step (3) as a module of 2 and 4 quadrants, and taking the positive 1-order positive singularity super surface of l =1 as a module of 1 and 3 quadrants, and combining the super surfaces into a 2m x 2n super surface structure, namely a low RCS super surface structure based on singularity cancellation.
2. The singularity cancellation-based design method for a low RCS super-surface structure according to claim 1, wherein: the material of the middle dielectric layer is FR-4 with the dielectric constant of 4.3.
3. The singularity cancellation-based design method for a low RCS super-surface structure according to claim 1, wherein:
p =6mm, the bottom metal layer and the top metal pattern layer each having a conductivity of 5.8 × 10 7 S/m of metallic copper; the middle dielectric layer is made of FR4 with the dielectric constant of 4.3, the loss of 0.025 and the thickness of 1mm;
m =8, numbering the basic units according to the side length of the square patch of the top metal pattern layer: no. 1.9mm-1, no. 3.63mm-2, no. 3.93mm-3, no. 4.1mm-4, no. 4.25mm-5, no. 4.45mm-6, no. 4.82mm-7, no. 5.98 mm-8.
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