CN115360460A - Immersed cooling energy storage system - Google Patents
Immersed cooling energy storage system Download PDFInfo
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- CN115360460A CN115360460A CN202211283743.5A CN202211283743A CN115360460A CN 115360460 A CN115360460 A CN 115360460A CN 202211283743 A CN202211283743 A CN 202211283743A CN 115360460 A CN115360460 A CN 115360460A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
- H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
- H01M10/6556—Solid parts with flow channel passages or pipes for heat exchange
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
- H01M10/6567—Liquids
- H01M10/6568—Liquids characterised by flow circuits, e.g. loops, located externally to the cells or cell casings
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
- H01M10/6569—Fluids undergoing a liquid-gas phase change or transition, e.g. evaporation or condensation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an immersed cooling energy storage system, which comprises a battery cabinet unit, a plurality of battery cabinet units and a plurality of control units, wherein the battery cabinet unit comprises a sealed battery cabinet assembly, a breathing pressure relief assembly arranged at the top of the outer side of the sealed battery cabinet assembly, a signal connector assembly arranged at the top of the outer side of the sealed battery cabinet assembly, an overflow type battery module assembly arranged at the inner side of the sealed battery cabinet assembly and a pipeline valve assembly connected with the sealed battery cabinet assembly; the refrigeration cycle unit comprises an outer cold cycle side assembly, an inner cold cycle side assembly and an evaporator, wherein the evaporator is connected with the outer cold cycle side assembly and the inner cold cycle side assembly through pipelines respectively. The cooling system has the advantages that the cooling liquid is conveyed to the sealed battery cabinet through the circulating refrigeration unit and is recovered, the cooling liquid automatically overflows into the water after immersing the battery module, when the thermal runaway occurs, the cooling liquid cannot be taken out of the cabinet body by gas sprayed by the battery, the cooling circulation system does not need to be stopped, and the cooling liquid can be ensured to be completely immersed in the battery module all the time and continuously take away heat generated by the thermal runaway.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of energy storage systems, in particular to an immersed cooling energy storage system.
Background
With the continuous improvement of energy consumption structures in China, the lithium battery energy storage industry is explosively increased, a large amount of heat can be generated in the lithium battery in the charging and discharging process, the risk of thermal runaway combustion or explosion of the battery exists, and the problem of safety and stability of the lithium battery is more and more important to industry, so that the research on the cooling and fire fighting of the battery is very important.
The mainstream cooling scheme in the current market is an air cooling mode and a cold plate type liquid cooling mode, the air cooling mode mainly adopts an air conditioner for refrigeration, and the cooling medium is air, so that the outstanding problems of low heat dissipation efficiency, poor temperature control uniformity, low energy efficiency ratio, large equipment floor area, low volume density and the like exist; the cold plate type liquid cooling heat exchange mode mainly comprises a cooling liquid, a liquid cooling plate and a battery, and has the defects of large contact thermal resistance, small heat exchange area, generally glycol aqueous solution as a cooling medium, and short circuit caused by insulation failure; the energy storage fire fighting mainly comprises heptafluoropropane, aerosol, perfluorohexanone and the like at present, wherein the heptafluoropropane and the aerosol cannot realize battery module level fire fighting and cannot prevent battery afterburning, and a perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing system needs to be matched with a complex detection, spraying, medium storage and control system, so that the problems of complex system, low reliability and the like exist.
In the patent document < CN216054908U >, the shell is relatively thick and heavy, the wall thickness of the aluminum shell is about 15mm, and the processing cost is relatively high; the battery box scheme requires a primary wire and secondary wire sealing and switching scheme; meanwhile, a sealed pressure-bearing scheme is adopted, and module explosion prevention when the thermal runaway of the battery core needs to be considered; adopt the flow equalizing plate cloth liquid in the battery box scheme, the flow equalizing plate is with high costs and inner structure is complicated, and the big later stage of flow resistance is easily blockked up, has the safety risk.
The patent document < CN114421054A > has the following defects that the whole battery cabinet is completely immersed, the battery cabinet is filled with cooling liquid, the battery cabinet needs to bear the dead weight pressure of the liquid and the dynamic pressure of a system, the whole cabinet body is difficult in pressure-resistant design, the leakage risk of the cooling liquid is large, and the consumption of the cooling liquid is huge and the cost is high; when taking place thermal runaway, the coolant liquid can be taken out of the cabinet by the high-speed gas that battery safety valve department spouted, cause a large amount of coolant liquid to run off, cooling system need shut down in order to put in a large amount of coolant liquid and cause the coolant liquid to further run off through the explosion-proof valve pump play cabinet of cabinet top simultaneously, need externally set up one set of complicated gas-liquid separation and coolant liquid recovery unit simultaneously, the heat dissipation only can rely on system self heat sink when system architecture is complicated and takes place thermal runaway, the cooling of thermal runaway electricity core is slow.
Disclosure of Invention
This section is for the purpose of summarizing some aspects of embodiments of the invention and to briefly introduce some preferred embodiments. In this section, as well as in the abstract and title of the application, simplifications or omissions may be made to avoid obscuring the purpose of the section, the abstract and the title, and such simplifications or omissions are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The invention provides a heat dissipation device for a refrigerator, which solves the problems that in the prior art, the heat dissipation efficiency is low, a cabinet body is filled with cooling liquid, the cabinet body needs to consider pressure bearing and has the possibility of leakage risk, the system structure is complex, the cost is high and the like.
Therefore, the invention aims to provide an immersed cooling energy storage system, which can provide a cooling liquid to automatically overflow and fall into water after immersing a battery module, a water return branch pipeline does not need to be arranged in a cabinet body, water pressure does not need to be borne in the cabinet body, a refrigeration cycle unit comprises double cooling loops, the refrigeration loops can be automatically selected according to the environmental temperature, the safety performance of the device is greatly improved, and the loss of the cooling liquid can be reduced.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme: an immersed cooling energy storage system comprises a battery cabinet unit, a cooling energy storage unit and a cooling energy storage unit, wherein the battery cabinet unit comprises a sealed battery cabinet assembly, a breathing pressure relief assembly arranged at the top of the outer side of the sealed battery cabinet assembly, a signal connector assembly arranged at the top of the outer side of the sealed battery cabinet assembly, an overflow type battery module assembly arranged at the inner side of the sealed battery cabinet assembly and a pipeline valve assembly connected with the sealed battery cabinet assembly;
and the refrigeration cycle unit comprises an outer cold cycle side assembly, an inner cold cycle side assembly and an evaporator which is respectively connected with the outer cold cycle side assembly and the inner cold cycle side assembly through pipelines.
As a preferable aspect of the submerged cooling energy storage system of the present invention, wherein: the sealed battery cabinet assembly comprises a sealed battery cabinet and a liquid collecting pool arranged at the bottom side of the sealed battery cabinet, wherein the breathing pressure relief assembly comprises a breathing valve and an explosion-proof pressure relief valve; the signal joint subassembly includes cable adapter and signal sampling cable adapter once.
As a preferable aspect of the submerged cooling energy storage system of the present invention, wherein: the pipeline valve assembly comprises a liquid supply main pipeline, a liquid supply valve connected with the liquid supply main pipeline, a condensing coil connected with the liquid supply main pipeline, a liquid supply interlayer pipeline connected with the liquid supply main pipeline, an interlayer one-way throttle valve arranged on the liquid supply interlayer pipeline, a liquid return pipeline connected with the bottom of the liquid collecting pool, a liquid return valve arranged on the liquid return pipeline, a liquid supplementing and discharging pipeline connected with the bottom of the liquid collecting pool, and a liquid supplementing and discharging valve arranged on the liquid supplementing and discharging pipeline.
As a preferable aspect of the submerged cooling energy storage system of the present invention, wherein: the overflow type battery module assembly comprises an overflow type battery module and a liquid inlet joint arranged on the overflow type battery module; the overflow type battery module comprises a battery module shell and a battery string arranged in the battery module shell.
As a preferable aspect of the submerged cooling energy storage system of the present invention, wherein: the external cooling circulation side assembly comprises an external cooling refrigeration loop, a condenser arranged on the external cooling refrigeration loop, a fluorine high-pressure meter/controller arranged on the external cooling refrigeration loop, a compressor arranged on the external cooling refrigeration loop, a fluorine low-pressure meter/controller connected with the external cooling refrigeration loop, an expansion valve connected with the external cooling refrigeration loop, and a drying filter arranged on the external cooling refrigeration loop.
As a preferable aspect of the submerged cooling energy storage system of the present invention, wherein: the inner cooling circulation side component comprises an inner cooling circulation loop, a circulation pump arranged on the inner cooling circulation loop, an electric three-way valve connected with the inner cooling circulation loop, a bypass loop connected with the electric three-way valve, an air cooler arranged on the inner cooling circulation loop, a heater arranged on the inner cooling circulation loop, a flow sensor connected with the inner cooling circulation loop, a liquid inlet and outlet pressure sensor and a liquid inlet and outlet temperature sensor arranged on the inner cooling circulation loop, and an expansion tank arranged on the inner cooling circulation loop.
As a preferable aspect of the submerged cooling energy storage system of the present invention, wherein: the evaporator is connected with the external cooling refrigeration loop and the internal cooling circulation loop through the internal flow passage respectively.
As a preferable aspect of the submerged cooling energy storage system of the present invention, wherein: the outlet of the internal cooling circulation loop is connected and communicated with the liquid supply main pipeline, and the inlet of the internal cooling circulation loop is connected and communicated with the liquid return pipeline.
As a preferable aspect of the submerged cooling energy storage system of the present invention, wherein: the sealed battery cabinet is a sealed structure, and the overflow type battery module is arranged into a plurality of layers.
As a preferable aspect of the submerged cooling energy storage system of the present invention, wherein: the liquid inlet connector is communicated with a liquid supply layer pipeline, and the liquid supply layer pipeline is communicated with the overflow type battery module.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the invention, the cooling liquid is conveyed to the sealed battery cabinet through the circulating refrigeration unit and is recovered, the open overflow module is adopted, the cooling liquid automatically overflows and falls into the water after immersing the battery module, a return water branch pipeline is not required to be arranged in the cabinet body, only a small amount of cooling liquid is arranged at the bottom of the cabinet body, the consumption of the cooling liquid is reduced, the internal part of the cabinet body is not required to bear water pressure, the design difficulty of the cabinet body is reduced, when the thermal runaway occurs, the cooling liquid cannot be taken out of the cabinet body by gas sprayed by the battery, the cooling circulation system is not required to be stopped, and the situation that the cooling liquid completely immerses the battery module all the time and continuously takes away the thermal runaway generated heat can be ensured.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without inventive exercise. Wherein:
fig. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of an immersion cooling energy storage system.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a flooded battery module assembly of an immersed cooling energy storage system.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of connection of multiple groups of battery cabinet units of the immersed cooling energy storage system.
FIG. 4 is a temperature trend diagram of an overcharge thermal runaway process for an immersed cooling energy storage system.
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more comprehensible, embodiments accompanying figures of the present invention are described in detail below.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, but the present invention may be practiced in other ways than those specifically described and will be readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and therefore the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.
Furthermore, reference herein to "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one implementation of the invention. The appearances of the phrase "in one embodiment" in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, for a first embodiment of the present invention, the embodiment provides an immersion cooling energy storage system, which includes a battery cabinet unit 100 and a refrigeration cycle unit 200, a battery can be immersed and cooled by the battery cabinet unit 100, and a cooling liquid can be provided to the battery cabinet unit 100 by the refrigeration cycle unit 200.
Specifically, the battery cabinet unit 100 includes a sealed battery cabinet assembly 101, a breathing pressure relief assembly 102 disposed at the top of the outside of the sealed battery cabinet assembly 101, a signal connector assembly 103 disposed at the top of the outside of the sealed battery cabinet assembly 101, an overflow type battery module assembly 104 disposed at the inside of the sealed battery cabinet assembly 101, and a pipeline valve assembly 105 connected to the sealed battery cabinet assembly 101. Set up sealed battery cabinet subassembly 101 is for bearing inside overflow formula battery module 104a, and it can carry out the pressure release to set up breathing pressure release subassembly 102 when in order to balance internal and external pressure and thermal runaway, sets up signal connector subassembly 103 and can data acquisition, sets up overflow formula battery module subassembly 104 and carries out the heat transfer in order to let the battery submergence carry out in insulating coolant liquid.
The refrigeration cycle unit 200 includes an external cooling cycle side module 201 and an internal cooling cycle side module 202, and an evaporator 203 connected to the external cooling cycle side module 201 and the internal cooling cycle side module 202 through pipes, respectively. The coolant in the return pipe 105f is sucked back by the internal cooling cycle side unit 202, the sucked coolant flows into the evaporator 203, the heat of the coolant is transferred to the external cooling cycle side unit 201 by the evaporator 203, and the coolant is cooled and then enters the sealed battery case 101a again to circulate.
In summary, in the present invention, the internal cooling circulation side assembly 202 can suck back the coolant in the liquid return pipeline 105f, the sucked-back coolant flows into the evaporator 203, the coolant transfers heat to the external cooling circulation side assembly 201 under the action of the evaporator 203, the coolant enters the overflow type battery module 104a in the sealed battery cabinet 101a again after being cooled, and the coolant flows through the heat dissipation channel in the battery string 104a-2 and contacts with the surface of the battery cell to carry away the heat.
Example 2
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, in a second embodiment of the present invention, in the above embodiment, an immersion cooling energy storage system includes a battery cabinet unit 100 and a refrigeration cycle unit 200, the battery can be immersed and cooled by the battery cabinet unit 100, and a cooling liquid can be provided to the battery cabinet unit 100 by the refrigeration cycle unit 200.
Specifically, the battery cabinet unit 100 includes a sealed battery cabinet assembly 101, a breathing pressure relief assembly 102 disposed on the top of the outer side of the sealed battery cabinet assembly 101, a signal connector assembly 103 disposed on the top of the outer side of the sealed battery cabinet assembly 101, an overflow type battery module assembly 104 disposed on the inner side of the sealed battery cabinet assembly 101, and a pipeline valve assembly 105 connected to the sealed battery cabinet assembly 101. Set up sealed battery cabinet subassembly 101 is for bearing inside overflow formula battery module 104a, and it can carry out the pressure release to set up to breathe pressure release subassembly 102 when can balancing inside and outside pressure and thermal runaway, sets up signal connector subassembly 103 and can gather data, sets up overflow formula battery module subassembly 104 and carries out the heat transfer in order to let the battery submergence carry out in insulating coolant liquid.
The refrigeration cycle unit 200 includes an external cooling cycle side assembly 201 and an internal cooling cycle side assembly 202, and an evaporator 203 connected to the external cooling cycle side assembly 201 and the internal cooling cycle side assembly 202 through pipes, respectively. The coolant in the return pipe 105f is sucked back by the internal cooling circulation side unit 202, the sucked coolant flows into the evaporator 203, the heat of the coolant is transferred to the external cooling circulation side unit 201 by the evaporator 203, and the coolant is cooled and then again circulated in the sealed battery box 101 a.
Further, the sealed battery cabinet assembly 101 comprises a sealed battery cabinet 101a and a liquid collecting pool 101b arranged at the bottom side of the sealed battery cabinet 101a, and the breathing pressure relief assembly 102 comprises a breathing valve 102a and an explosion-proof pressure relief valve 102b; the signal header assembly 103 includes a primary cable sub-adapter 103a and a signal sampling cable sub-adapter 103b. The liquid collecting tank 101b is also provided with a liquid level sensor for monitoring the cooling liquid in the liquid collecting tank 101b, when the external environment temperature changes to cause the internal pressure to change, the internal pressure and the external pressure are balanced through the breather valve 102a, and meanwhile, external water vapor can be prevented from entering the cabinet to pollute the environment in the cabinet; when a certain battery cell is subjected to thermal runaway and the internal pressure is too high, the explosion-proof pressure relief valve 102b can be broken to relieve pressure, damage to the structure of a cabinet body is avoided, meanwhile, no cooling liquid exists in the inner cavity of the cabinet body, the cooling liquid carried by the gas sprayed out of the explosion-proof pressure relief valve 102b is very little when the thermal runaway occurs, the loss of the cooling liquid can be reduced to a great extent, and meanwhile, the overflow structure is benefited, the refrigeration cycle module runs at the maximum power when the thermal runaway, the cooling liquid cannot leak from the broken explosion-proof pressure relief valve 102b at the top, the heat of the thermal runaway battery cell can be continuously taken away, the fire safety is improved, when the thermal runaway occurs, the refrigeration cycle unit 200 does not need to be stopped, the heat of the thermal runaway battery cell can be continuously taken away, thermal runaway diffusion is effectively avoided, the battery string 104a-2 is always completely immersed in the insulated cooling liquid, and open fire is effectively prevented.
The primary cable adapter 103a comprises a total positive adapter and a total negative adapter, and respectively comprises an inner connecting terminal and an outer connecting terminal, wherein the inner connecting terminal is arranged on the inner side of the sealed battery cabinet 101a and is respectively connected with the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the overflow battery module 104a through cables or copper bars, the outer connecting terminal is arranged on the outer side of the sealed battery cabinet 101a and is respectively connected with an external rectification inverter through cables or copper bars to realize the charge and discharge function, the primary cable adapter 103a is a conductor inner core packaging insulation base structure, and meanwhile, a sealing element is arranged at the joint of the primary cable adapter 103a and the sealed battery cabinet 101a, so that the insulation strength of a primary loop and the sealed battery cabinet 101a is ensured, and the integral sealing property is ensured to prevent cooling liquid from losing; the signal sampling cable adapter 103b comprises inner and outer terminals, wherein the inner terminal is connected to the temperature and voltage sampling signal lines of the overflow battery module 104a via cables inside the sealed battery cabinet 101a, and the outer terminal is connected to the BMU battery management unit via cables outside the sealed battery cabinet 101a to transmit temperature and voltage signals.
Further, the pipeline valve assembly 105 includes a main liquid supply pipeline 105a, a liquid supply valve 105b connected to the main liquid supply pipeline 105a, a condensing coil 105c connected to the main liquid supply pipeline 105a, a liquid supply interlayer pipeline 105d connected to the main liquid supply pipeline 105a, an interlayer one-way throttle valve 105e disposed on the liquid supply interlayer pipeline 105d, a liquid return pipeline 105f connected to the bottom of the liquid collecting tank 101b, a liquid return valve 105g disposed on the liquid return pipeline 105f, a liquid supply and discharge pipeline 105h connected to the bottom of the liquid collecting tank 101b, and a liquid supply and discharge valve 105j disposed on the liquid supply and discharge pipeline 105 h. The liquid supply main pipeline 105a is connected with a plurality of liquid supply interlayer pipelines 105d, the condensing coil 105c is arranged at the top of the inner side of the sealed battery cabinet 101a and is connected in series in the liquid supply main pipeline 105a, and cooling liquid enters the condensing coil 105c through the liquid supply main pipeline 105a and then enters the overflow battery module 104a through the liquid supply interlayer pipeline 105 d.
Preferably, condensing coil 105c has certain inclination, ensures that the coolant liquid that adsorbs on condensing coil 105c surface after the condensation can be along the inclination according to the fixed scheme drippage back to in the cabinet bottom collecting tank 101b, and condensing coil 105c inclination end is provided with the water storage point structure simultaneously, can ensure that the coolant liquid drippage more smoothly.
The low-temperature cooling liquid firstly flows into the condensing coil 105c, the cooling liquid steam volatilized in the sealed battery cabinet 101a is condensed into liquid cooling liquid after contacting the low-temperature condensing pipe 105c, and then the liquid cooling liquid is adsorbed on the surface of the condensing coil 105c and drips back to the liquid collecting pool 101b at the bottom of the cabinet along the inclination angle to the water storage point, so that the concentration of the cooling liquid steam in the sealed battery cabinet 101a can be reduced to a great extent, the cooling liquid steam is prevented from being discharged when the breather valve 102a is opened, the loss of the cooling liquid is reduced, and the maintenance period is prolonged.
Further, the overflow type battery module assembly 104 comprises an overflow type battery module 104a and a liquid inlet joint 104b arranged on the overflow type battery module; the flooded cell module 104a includes a cell module housing 104a-1 and a cell string 104a-2 disposed within the cell module housing 104 a-1.
Preferably, the coolant flows into the overflow battery module 104a through the liquid inlet joint 104b, flows through the heat dissipation flow channel in the battery string 104a-2, and directly contacts with the surface of the battery core to take away heat, the liquid level of the coolant of the overflow battery module 104a gradually rises until the coolant does not pass through the battery module casing 104a-1, and then overflows and automatically falls to the bottom liquid collecting tank 101b, the maximum temperature difference of the battery core in the overflow battery module 104a adopting the fully-immersed and non-cooled mode can reach not more than 1.2 ℃, and the leading level in the industry is achieved.
Further, the external cooling cycle side module 201 includes an external cooling refrigeration circuit 201a, a condenser 201b provided in the external cooling refrigeration circuit 201a, a fluorine high pressure gauge/controller 201c provided in the external cooling refrigeration circuit 201a, a compressor 201d provided in the external cooling refrigeration circuit 201a, a fluorine low pressure gauge/controller 201e connected to the external cooling refrigeration circuit 201a, an expansion valve 201f connected to the external cooling refrigeration circuit 201a, and a drying filter 201g provided in the external cooling refrigeration circuit 201 a. The refrigerant flows into the compressor 201d to do work and then is discharged to become high-temperature high-pressure refrigerant gas, enters the condenser 201b to perform heat exchange with external ambient air, the refrigerant releases heat, is cooled to be low-temperature high-pressure refrigerant liquid, flows into the drying filter 201g to absorb moisture in the system, is throttled and decompressed by the expansion valve 201f to form gas-liquid two-phase mixed state refrigerant, flows into the evaporator 203 to absorb heat to form low-temperature low-pressure refrigerant gas, and then returns to the compressor 201d, and the fluorine high-pressure meter/controller 201c and the fluorine low-pressure meter/controller 201e respectively monitor the inlet and outlet pressure of the refrigerant to ensure the stable operation of the external cooling cycle side assembly 201.
Further, the internal cooling circulation side assembly 202 includes an internal cooling circulation circuit 202a, a circulation pump 202b disposed on the internal cooling circulation circuit 202a, an electric three-way valve 202c connected to the internal cooling circulation circuit 202a, a bypass circuit 202d connected to the electric three-way valve 202c, an air cooler 202e disposed on the internal cooling circulation circuit 202a, a heater 202f disposed on the internal cooling circulation circuit 202a, a flow sensor 202g connected to the internal cooling circulation circuit 202a, a pressure sensor 202h and a temperature sensor 202j for inlet and outlet liquid disposed on the internal cooling circulation circuit 202a, and an expansion tank 202k disposed on the internal cooling circulation circuit 202a. The flow sensor 202g monitors the flow of the cooling liquid of the internal cooling circulation side assembly 202, the liquid inlet and outlet temperature sensor 202j monitors the pressure of the internal cooling circulation side assembly 202 entering and exiting the sealed battery cabinet assembly 101, and the flow and pressure data are combined to judge whether the output of the circulation pump 202b is normal or not, so that the false alarm of the system caused by the single variable acquisition error is prevented; the liquid inlet and outlet temperature sensor 202j collects the temperature data of the cooling liquid in and out of the sealed battery cabinet 101a, and the data are used as control input variables of the working mode and the refrigeration power of the whole refrigeration cycle unit 200 to ensure the stable liquid supply temperature of the cooling liquid; the expansion tank 202k is internally provided with an air bag, and the pressure fluctuation caused by liquid level change due to the fact that the cooling liquid in the internal cooling circulation side assembly 202 is heated and expanded suddenly to change temperature and contract cold due to the ambient temperature is absorbed through contraction and expansion of the air bag.
Further, the evaporator 203 is connected to the external cooling refrigeration circuit 201a and the internal cooling circulation circuit 202a through internal flow passages, respectively. The evaporator 203 is a 2-in 2-out liquid-liquid heat exchanger, and the inside of the evaporator includes two independent flow channels which are respectively connected with the external cooling refrigeration circuit 201a and the internal cooling circulation circuit 202a, and the cooling liquid in the external cooling refrigeration circuit 201a and the internal cooling circulation circuit 202a exchanges heat in the evaporator 203.
Further, the outlet of the internal cooling circulation loop 202a is connected and communicated with the main liquid supply pipeline 105a, and the inlet of the internal cooling circulation loop 202a is connected and communicated with the liquid return pipeline 105 f.
Further, the sealed battery cabinet 101a is a sealed structure, and the overflow type battery module 104a is provided with multiple layers.
Further, the liquid inlet joint 104b is connected and communicated with a liquid supply interlayer pipeline 105d, and the liquid supply interlayer pipeline 105d is connected and communicated with the overflow type battery module 104a.
It should be noted that the battery module housing 104a-1 is a structure without an upper cover, which only includes a lower bottom plate and peripheral side plates, and the height of the peripheral side plates is slightly higher than the uppermost edge of the battery string 104a-2, so as to ensure that the battery string 104a-2 is completely immersed before the coolant overflows; by controlling the opening of the interlayer one-way throttle valve 105e, the flow of the cooling liquid of each layer of overflow type battery module 104a can be accurately controlled to be consistent, and the maximum temperature difference between the whole cluster of battery cores is further ensured to be less than or equal to 2 ℃; meanwhile, the interlayer one-way throttle valve 105e can ensure that cooling liquid can only flow into the overflow type battery modules 104a in one way, so that when the refrigeration cycle unit 200 is stopped, the overflow type battery modules 104a of each layer cannot form a communicator, the cooling liquid in the upper layer module cannot flow backwards to the lower layer module, the overflow type battery modules 104a are ensured to be filled with the cooling liquid all the time, the battery cell is in a full-time immersion state, and the active fire safety of the system is further improved; the present invention can share one refrigeration cycle unit 200 with a plurality of battery cabinet units 100.
Preferably, the cooling liquid in the liquid collecting tank 101b is sucked back to the internal cooling circulation side assembly 202 by the circulation pump 202b through the liquid return pipeline 105 f; when the environmental temperature is higher than the set temperature t1, the electric three-way valve 202c controls the bypass loop 202d to be closed, the air cooler 202e stops, the external cooling circulation side assembly 201 performs refrigeration work, the cooling liquid sucked back to the internal cooling circulation loop 202a flows into the evaporator 203, the cooling liquid transfers heat to the external cooling circulation side assembly 201 in the evaporator 203, and the cooling liquid enters the sealed battery cabinet 101a again to circulate after being cooled; when the ambient temperature is lower than the set temperature t1, the electric three-way valve 202c controls the bypass loop 202d to be closed, the air cooler 202e refrigerates, the external cooling circulation side assembly 201 stops, the cooling liquid sucked back to the internal cooling circulation loop 202a flows into the air cooler 202e, the cooling liquid transfers heat to the external air in the air cooler 202e, and the cooling liquid enters the sealed battery cabinet 101a again to circulate after being cooled; when the temperature of the cooling liquid is lower than the set temperature t2, the electric three-way valve 202c controls the bypass loop 202d to be opened, the heater 202f heats, the cooling liquid directly flows into the heater 202f through the bypass loop 202d to be heated, when the temperature of the cooling liquid reaches the set temperature t3, the heater 202f stops heating, and if the temperature of the cooling liquid continues to rise to the set temperature t4, the electric three-way valve 202c controls the bypass loop 202d to be closed, and the air cooler 202e is started to refrigerate; at this time, if the temperature of the cooling liquid is reduced to the set temperature t2, the heating process is repeated, if the temperature of the cooling liquid is continuously increased, the external cooling cycle side assembly 201 is simultaneously started for refrigeration, the stable liquid supply temperature of the cooling liquid can be maintained through the refrigeration and heating strategy, the cheap air cooling heat dissipation when the environmental temperature is low can be utilized to the maximum extent, and the operation power consumption of the refrigeration cycle module is reduced to a great extent.
When the cooling device is used, low-temperature insulating cooling liquid is pumped into the sealed battery cabinet through the liquid supply main pipeline 105a, flows through the top condensing coil 105c, flows into the overflow type battery module 104a through the liquid supply interlayer pipeline 105d and the liquid inlet joint 104b, flows through the heat dissipation flow channel in the battery string assembly 104a-2, is in direct contact with the surface of the battery core to take away heat, the liquid level of the cooling liquid in the overflow type battery module 104a gradually rises until the cooling liquid does not pass through the battery module shell 104a-1, overflows and falls into the liquid collection tank 101b at the bottom, is sucked back to the inner cooling circulation side assembly 202 by the circulating pump 202b through the liquid return pipeline, flows into the evaporator 203 through the cooling liquid sucked back to the inner cooling circulation loop 202a, transfers heat to the outer cooling circulation side assembly 201 in the evaporator 203, and enters the sealed battery cabinet 101a again for circulation after being cooled.
Compared with the first patent document in the background art, the invention has the following advantages that the open overflow module is innovatively adopted, the sealing and pressure-bearing problems of the closed system module are skillfully solved, and the wall thickness of the aluminum shell is only 2mm in the open overflow module scheme provided by the invention; the module of the invention does not need to be sealed, so that no additional sealing adapter is required; the module adopts an open structure, so that an explosion-proof pressure relief device is not required; according to the module scheme, the heat dissipation flow channel is naturally formed by arranging the gaps of the battery cores, and the module has the advantages of no additional complex structure, small flow channel resistance, difficulty in blocking and the like; in conclusion, the processing cost of the module structural member provided by the invention is only about 20% of the proprietary scheme in the background technology.
Compared with the second patent document in the background art, the immersed cooling energy storage system provided by the invention has the following advantages that the developed overflow module is adopted, the cooling liquid automatically overflows and falls into the water after completely immersing the battery module, a return water branch pipeline is not required to be arranged in the cabinet body, only a small amount of cooling liquid is stored in the liquid collecting tank at the bottom of the cabinet body, the using amount of the cooling liquid can be greatly reduced, the cost is reduced, meanwhile, the cabinet body only needs to consider bearing and sealing, does not need to bear water pressure, the design and manufacturing difficulty of the cabinet body can be greatly reduced, and the leakage risk of the cooling liquid is low; according to the immersed cooling energy storage system provided by the invention, when thermal runaway occurs, only the bottom liquid collecting tank stores a small amount of cooling liquid in the cabinet, the cooling circulation system does not need to stop and does not need to worry about the loss of the cooling liquid, the battery module can be completely immersed by the cooling liquid all the time and the heat generated by the thermal runaway can be continuously taken away, the structure is simple and reliable, the cooling speed of the battery core is high, and the thermal diffusion phenomenon is effectively prevented.
Table 1 shows the temperature test results of the 1P52S test module according to the present invention, which are obtained by continuously charging and discharging at 1P constant power for 3 cycles, and the test results show that 1P constant power charging and discharging, when the liquid supply temperature is 20 ℃, the maximum temperature difference between module-level cells is less than or equal to 1.2 ℃, the maximum temperature difference between whole clusters of cells is less than or equal to 2 ℃, the maximum temperature of whole clusters of cells is less than 30 ℃, and when the module is left, the cells are cooled down quickly, and the module has continuous charging and discharging without heat accumulation, thereby reaching the leading level in the industry.
TABLE 1 constant Power 1P Charge-discharge temperature recording
Fig. 4 shows for triggering module central authorities electricity core to each monitoring point temperature variation trend when thermal runaway with 1P constant power overcharge mode, the test result shows that the thermal runaway process is more warm and mild, whole journey does not have naked light and does not have the explosion, only there is a small amount of white gas output, it reduces to the initial temperature of thermal runaway to appear electric core large face temperature from the thermal runaway highest temperature, about 26.5min during the sharing, 4 adjacent electric cores are not damaged, no thermal diffusion phenomenon takes place, electric core cooling rate is fast, the system possesses higher fire safety.
In conclusion, the invention has the advantages that no additional liquid return branch pipe and liquid return main pipe are required to be arranged in the sealed battery cabinet, and the structure arrangement is simple; the shell of the battery module does not need to be subjected to pressure bearing and sealing, and the sealed battery cabinet also only needs to be sealed without pressure bearing, so that the design and manufacturing difficulty is greatly reduced, the using amount of cooling liquid is greatly reduced, and the effects of efficient heat dissipation and fire safety of full immersion of the battery module can be achieved; the refrigeration cycle unit comprises double cooling loops, the refrigeration loops can be automatically selected according to the environment temperature, a compressor does not need to be started when the temperature is low, and only one side of the air cooler meets the requirement of refrigeration, so that the refrigeration energy consumption is greatly reduced; when the internal pressure changes due to the change of the external environment temperature, the internal pressure and the external pressure are balanced through the breather valve, the condensing coil is arranged at the top in the sealed battery cabinet, the volatile cooling liquid steam in the sealed battery cabinet is condensed into liquid state through the surface of the condensing coil and then falls back to the bottom of the cabinet, and the loss of the cooling liquid caused by the opening of the breather valve can be effectively reduced; the explosion-proof relief valve can be broken to release pressure when the thermal runaway leads to overlarge internal pressure, the damage of the cabinet body structure is avoided, meanwhile, no cooling liquid exists in the inner cavity of the cabinet body, the cooling liquid carried by the gas sprayed out of the explosion-proof valve is extremely less when the thermal runaway occurs, the loss of the cooling liquid can be reduced to a great extent, meanwhile, the overflow structure is benefited, the maximum power operation of the refrigeration cycle unit is realized when the thermal runaway occurs, the cooling liquid cannot leak from the relief valve damaged at the top, the heat of a thermal runaway battery core can be continuously taken away, the fire safety is improved, the device adopts the development type overflow module, the cooling liquid completely submerges the battery module and then automatically overflows into water, a return water branch pipeline is not required to be arranged in the cabinet body, only a small amount of cooling liquid is stored in a liquid collecting pool at the bottom of the cabinet body, the cost can be greatly reduced by reducing the cooling liquid consumption, the cabinet body only needs to consider bearing and sealing, the water pressure does not need to be borne, the design and the manufacturing difficulty of the cabinet body can be greatly reduced, and the leakage risk of the cooling liquid is low.
It is important to note that the construction and arrangement of the present application as shown in the various exemplary embodiments is illustrative only. Although only a few embodiments have been described in detail in this disclosure, those skilled in the art who review this disclosure will readily appreciate that many modifications are possible (e.g., variations in sizes, dimensions, structures, shapes and proportions of the various elements, values of parameters (e.g., temperatures, pressures, etc.), mounting arrangements, use of materials, colors, orientations, etc.) without materially departing from the novel teachings and advantages of the subject matter recited in this application. For example, elements shown as integrally formed may be constructed of multiple parts or elements, the position of elements may be reversed or otherwise varied, and the nature or number of discrete elements or positions may be altered or varied. Accordingly, all such modifications are intended to be included within the scope of this invention. The order or sequence of any process or method steps may be varied or re-sequenced according to alternative embodiments. In the claims, any means-plus-function clause is intended to cover the structures described herein as performing the recited function and not only structural equivalents but also equivalent structures. Other substitutions, modifications, changes and omissions may be made in the design, operating conditions and arrangement of the exemplary embodiments without departing from the scope of the present inventions. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to a particular embodiment, but extends to various modifications that nevertheless fall within the scope of the appended claims.
Moreover, in an effort to provide a concise description of the exemplary embodiments, all features of an actual implementation may not be described (i.e., those unrelated to the presently contemplated best mode of carrying out the invention, or those unrelated to enabling the invention).
It should be appreciated that in the development of any such actual implementation, as in any engineering or design project, numerous implementation-specific decisions may be made. Such a development effort might be complex and time consuming, but would nevertheless be a routine undertaking of design, fabrication, and manufacture for those of ordinary skill having the benefit of this disclosure, without undue experimentation.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, which should be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An immersed cooling energy storage system, characterized by: comprises the steps of (a) preparing a substrate,
the battery cabinet unit (100) comprises a sealed battery cabinet component (101), a breathing pressure relief component (102) arranged at the top of the outer side of the sealed battery cabinet component (101), a signal connector component (103) arranged at the top of the outer side of the sealed battery cabinet component (101), an overflow type battery module component (104) arranged at the inner side of the sealed battery cabinet component (101), and a pipeline valve component (105) connected with the sealed battery cabinet component (101);
the refrigeration cycle unit (200) comprises an external cold cycle side assembly (201), an internal cold cycle side assembly (202) and an evaporator (203) which is connected with the external cold cycle side assembly (201) and the internal cold cycle side assembly (202) through pipelines respectively.
2. An immersion cooled energy storage system according to claim 1, wherein: the sealed battery cabinet assembly (101) comprises a sealed battery cabinet (101 a) and a liquid collecting pool (101 b) arranged at the bottom side of the sealed battery cabinet (101 a), and the breathing pressure relief assembly (102) comprises a breathing valve (102 a) and an explosion-proof pressure relief valve (102 b); the signal connector assembly (103) includes a primary cable sub-adapter (103 a) and a signal sampling cable sub-adapter (103 b).
3. The submerged cooling energy storage system of claim 2, wherein: the pipeline valve assembly (105) comprises a liquid supply main pipeline (105 a), a liquid supply valve (105 b) connected with the liquid supply main pipeline (105 a), a condensing coil (105 c) connected with the liquid supply main pipeline (105 a), a liquid supply interlayer pipeline (105 d) connected with the liquid supply main pipeline (105 a), an interlayer one-way throttle valve (105 e) arranged on the liquid supply interlayer pipeline (105 d), a liquid return pipeline (105 f) connected with the bottom of the liquid collecting pool (101 b), a liquid return valve (105 g) arranged on the liquid return pipeline (105 f), a liquid supply and discharge pipeline (105 h) connected with the bottom of the liquid collecting pool (101 b), and a liquid supply and discharge valve (105 j) arranged on the liquid supply and discharge pipeline (105 h).
4. An immersion cooled energy storage system according to claim 3, wherein: the overflow type battery module assembly (104) comprises an overflow type battery module (104 a) and a liquid inlet joint (104 b) arranged on the overflow type battery module; the overflow type battery module (104 a) comprises a battery module shell (104 a-1) and a battery string (104 a-2) arranged in the battery module shell (104 a-1).
5. The submerged cooling energy storage system of claim 4, wherein: the outer cold circulation side assembly (201) comprises an outer cold refrigeration loop (201 a), a condenser (201 b) arranged on the outer cold refrigeration loop (201 a), a fluorine high-pressure meter/controller (201 c) arranged on the outer cold refrigeration loop (201 a), a compressor (201 d) arranged on the outer cold refrigeration loop (201 a), a fluorine low-pressure meter/controller (201 e) connected with the outer cold refrigeration loop (201 a), an expansion valve (201 f) connected with the outer cold refrigeration loop (201 a), and a drying filter (201 g) arranged on the outer cold refrigeration loop (201 a).
6. The submerged cooling energy storage system of claim 5, wherein: the inner cooling circulation side assembly (202) comprises an inner cooling circulation loop (202 a), a circulation pump (202 b) arranged on the inner cooling circulation loop (202 a), an electric three-way valve (202 c) connected with the inner cooling circulation loop (202 a), a bypass loop (202 d) connected with the electric three-way valve (202 c), an air cooler (202 e) arranged on the inner cooling circulation loop (202 a), a heater (202 f) arranged on the inner cooling circulation loop (202 a), a flow sensor (202 g) connected with the inner cooling circulation loop (202 a), a liquid inlet and outlet pressure sensor (202 h) and a liquid inlet and outlet temperature sensor (202 j) arranged on the inner cooling circulation loop (202 a), and an expansion tank (202 k) arranged on the inner cooling circulation loop (202 a).
7. The submerged cooling energy storage system of claim 6, wherein: the evaporator (203) is connected to the external cooling refrigeration circuit (201 a) and the internal cooling circulation circuit (202 a) via internal flow passages, respectively.
8. The submerged cooling energy storage system of claim 6 or 7, wherein: the outlet of the inner cooling circulation loop (202 a) is communicated with a main liquid supply pipeline (105 a), and the inlet of the inner cooling circulation loop (202 a) is communicated with a liquid return pipeline (105 f).
9. The submerged cooling energy storage system of claim 8, wherein: the sealed battery cabinet (101 a) is a sealed structure, and the overflow battery module (104 a) is arranged in multiple layers.
10. An immersion cooled energy storage system according to claim 5 or 9, wherein: the liquid inlet joint (104 b) is communicated with the liquid supply interlayer pipeline (105 d), and the liquid supply interlayer pipeline (105 d) is communicated with the overflow type battery module (104 a).
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| CN202211283743.5A CN115360460B (en) | 2022-10-20 | 2022-10-20 | Immersed cooling energy storage system |
| PCT/CN2023/108053 WO2024082731A1 (en) | 2022-10-20 | 2023-07-19 | Immersion-type cooling energy storage system |
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| WO2024082731A1 (en) * | 2022-10-20 | 2024-04-25 | 常州博瑞电力自动化设备有限公司 | Immersion-type cooling energy storage system |
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| CN115360460B (en) | 2023-02-03 |
| WO2024082731A1 (en) | 2024-04-25 |
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