CN115360367B - 一种负载型高熵金属间化合物催化剂、制备方法及应用 - Google Patents
一种负载型高熵金属间化合物催化剂、制备方法及应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN115360367B CN115360367B CN202211033742.5A CN202211033742A CN115360367B CN 115360367 B CN115360367 B CN 115360367B CN 202211033742 A CN202211033742 A CN 202211033742A CN 115360367 B CN115360367 B CN 115360367B
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- Prior art keywords
- salt
- chloride
- zinc
- intermetallic compound
- carrier
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- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title abstract description 24
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical group [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Cu]Cl ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910021578 Iron(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical class [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Pd]Cl PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- YBCAZPLXEGKKFM-UHFFFAOYSA-K ruthenium(iii) chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Ru+3] YBCAZPLXEGKKFM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 6
- -1 sodium iridium chlorate Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 6
- DANYXEHCMQHDNX-UHFFFAOYSA-K trichloroiridium Chemical compound Cl[Ir](Cl)Cl DANYXEHCMQHDNX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000003751 zinc Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910021586 Nickel(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910021626 Tin(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- GVPFVAHMJGGAJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Co+2] GVPFVAHMJGGAJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Ni]Cl QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- SONJTKJMTWTJCT-UHFFFAOYSA-K rhodium(iii) chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Rh+3] SONJTKJMTWTJCT-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 5
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001868 cobalt Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002503 iridium Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- VCJMYUPGQJHHFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O VCJMYUPGQJHHFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical class C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002815 nickel Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002940 palladium Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003283 rhodium Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003303 ruthenium Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- SDKPSXWGRWWLKR-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;9,10-dioxoanthracene-1-sulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].O=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C2=C1C=CC=C2S(=O)(=O)[O-] SDKPSXWGRWWLKR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- ONDPHDOFVYQSGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc nitrate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ONDPHDOFVYQSGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000368 zinc sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229960001763 zinc sulfate Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001879 copper Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- KFIKNZBXPKXFTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipotassium;dioxido(dioxo)ruthenium Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Ru]([O-])(=O)=O KFIKNZBXPKXFTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- SVOOVMQUISJERI-UHFFFAOYSA-K rhodium(3+);triacetate Chemical compound [Rh+3].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O SVOOVMQUISJERI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 3
- IYWJIYWFPADQAN-LNTINUHCSA-N (z)-4-hydroxypent-3-en-2-one;ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru].C\C(O)=C\C(C)=O.C\C(O)=C\C(C)=O.C\C(O)=C\C(C)=O IYWJIYWFPADQAN-LNTINUHCSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- POILWHVDKZOXJZ-ARJAWSKDSA-M (z)-4-oxopent-2-en-2-olate Chemical compound C\C([O-])=C\C(C)=O POILWHVDKZOXJZ-ARJAWSKDSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- KLFRPGNCEJNEKU-FDGPNNRMSA-L (z)-4-oxopent-2-en-2-olate;platinum(2+) Chemical compound [Pt+2].C\C([O-])=C\C(C)=O.C\C([O-])=C\C(C)=O KLFRPGNCEJNEKU-FDGPNNRMSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- CDVAIHNNWWJFJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C1=C(C)NC(C)=C(C(=O)OCC)C1C CDVAIHNNWWJFJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021591 Copper(I) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZOIORXHNWRGPMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;zinc Chemical compound [Zn].CC(O)=O.CC(O)=O ZOIORXHNWRGPMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WPEJSSRSFRWYJB-UHFFFAOYSA-K azanium;tetrachlorogold(1-) Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Au+3] WPEJSSRSFRWYJB-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002134 carbon nanofiber Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940011182 cobalt acetate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt dinitrate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001981 cobalt nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000361 cobalt sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940044175 cobalt sulfate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- KTVIXTQDYHMGHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(2+) sulfate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O KTVIXTQDYHMGHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- QAHREYKOYSIQPH-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(II) acetate Chemical compound [Co+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O QAHREYKOYSIQPH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000365 copper sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- OXBLHERUFWYNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(I) chloride Chemical compound [Cu]Cl OXBLHERUFWYNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960003280 cupric chloride Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940045803 cuprous chloride Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- DHCWLIOIJZJFJE-UHFFFAOYSA-L dichlororuthenium Chemical compound Cl[Ru]Cl DHCWLIOIJZJFJE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004683 dihydrates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960002089 ferrous chloride Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- HLYTZTFNIRBLNA-LNTINUHCSA-K iridium(3+);(z)-4-oxopent-2-en-2-olate Chemical compound [Ir+3].C\C([O-])=C\C(C)=O.C\C([O-])=C\C(C)=O.C\C([O-])=C\C(C)=O HLYTZTFNIRBLNA-LNTINUHCSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- KZLHPYLCKHJIMM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iridium(3+);triacetate Chemical compound [Ir+3].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O KZLHPYLCKHJIMM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002505 iron Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- NMCUIPGRVMDVDB-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe]Cl NMCUIPGRVMDVDB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- RUTXIHLAWFEWGM-UHFFFAOYSA-H iron(3+) sulfate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[Fe+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O RUTXIHLAWFEWGM-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 2
- PVFSDGKDKFSOTB-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron(3+);triacetate Chemical compound [Fe+3].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O PVFSDGKDKFSOTB-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000360 iron(III) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003273 ketjen black Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- MBBQAVVBESBLGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 4-bromo-3-hydroxybutanoate Chemical compound COC(=O)CC(O)CBr MBBQAVVBESBLGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- BMGNSKKZFQMGDH-FDGPNNRMSA-L nickel(2+);(z)-4-oxopent-2-en-2-olate Chemical compound [Ni+2].C\C([O-])=C\C(C)=O.C\C([O-])=C\C(C)=O BMGNSKKZFQMGDH-FDGPNNRMSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonaoxidotritungsten Chemical compound O=[W]1(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O1 QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- YJVFFLUZDVXJQI-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(ii) acetate Chemical compound [Pd+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O YJVFFLUZDVXJQI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- JKDRQYIYVJVOPF-FDGPNNRMSA-L palladium(ii) acetylacetonate Chemical compound [Pd+2].C\C([O-])=C\C(C)=O.C\C([O-])=C\C(C)=O JKDRQYIYVJVOPF-FDGPNNRMSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- GPNDARIEYHPYAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium(ii) nitrate Chemical compound [Pd+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O GPNDARIEYHPYAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003057 platinum Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- CLSUSRZJUQMOHH-UHFFFAOYSA-L platinum dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Pt]Cl CLSUSRZJUQMOHH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- VXNYVYJABGOSBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Rh+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O VXNYVYJABGOSBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OJLCQGGSMYKWEK-UHFFFAOYSA-K ruthenium(3+);triacetate Chemical compound [Ru+3].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O OJLCQGGSMYKWEK-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940080262 sodium tetrachloroaurate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- ABKQFSYGIHQQLS-UHFFFAOYSA-J sodium tetrachloropalladate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].Cl[Pd+2](Cl)(Cl)Cl ABKQFSYGIHQQLS-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 2
- RCIVOBGSMSSVTR-UHFFFAOYSA-L stannous sulfate Chemical compound [SnH2+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O RCIVOBGSMSSVTR-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- KVDBPOWBLLYZRG-UHFFFAOYSA-J tetrachloroiridium;hydrate Chemical compound O.Cl[Ir](Cl)(Cl)Cl KVDBPOWBLLYZRG-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 2
- FBEIPJNQGITEBL-UHFFFAOYSA-J tetrachloroplatinum Chemical compound Cl[Pt](Cl)(Cl)Cl FBEIPJNQGITEBL-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 2
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000375 tin(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001930 tungsten oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004246 zinc acetate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- FOSPKRPCLFRZTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;dinitrate;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Zn+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O FOSPKRPCLFRZTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- AXZWODMDQAVCJE-UHFFFAOYSA-L tin(II) chloride (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Sn+2] AXZWODMDQAVCJE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 2
- 229910003803 Gold(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- FJDJVBXSSLDNJB-LNTINUHCSA-N cobalt;(z)-4-hydroxypent-3-en-2-one Chemical compound [Co].C\C(O)=C\C(C)=O.C\C(O)=C\C(C)=O.C\C(O)=C\C(C)=O FJDJVBXSSLDNJB-LNTINUHCSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- RJHLTVSLYWWTEF-UHFFFAOYSA-K gold trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Au](Cl)Cl RJHLTVSLYWWTEF-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims 1
- 229940076131 gold trichloride Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002077 nanosphere Substances 0.000 claims 1
- KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel(ii) nitrate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- YAGXZDADEJXXMM-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium chloride hydrate Chemical compound [OH-].Cl.[K+] YAGXZDADEJXXMM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- YJGJRYWNNHUESM-UHFFFAOYSA-J triacetyloxystannyl acetate Chemical compound [Sn+4].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O YJGJRYWNNHUESM-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 21
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 21
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 14
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 11
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical group [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 7
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 6
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000001075 voltammogram Methods 0.000 description 6
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910021397 glassy carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N isopropyl alcohol Natural products CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920000557 Nafion® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910002836 PtFe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002484 cyclic voltammetry Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000004687 hexahydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000527 sonication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J tin(iv) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Sn](Cl)(Cl)Cl HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 2
- TXUICONDJPYNPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N (1,10,13-trimethyl-3-oxo-4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl) heptanoate Chemical compound C1CC2CC(=O)C=C(C)C2(C)C2C1C1CCC(OC(=O)CCCCCC)C1(C)CC2 TXUICONDJPYNPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910003771 Gold(I) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004931 aggregating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002056 binary alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- FCEOGYWNOSBEPV-FDGPNNRMSA-N cobalt;(z)-4-hydroxypent-3-en-2-one Chemical compound [Co].C\C(O)=C\C(C)=O.C\C(O)=C\C(C)=O FCEOGYWNOSBEPV-FDGPNNRMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JUPWRUDTZGBNEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt;pentane-2,4-dione Chemical compound [Co].CC(=O)CC(C)=O.CC(=O)CC(C)=O.CC(=O)CC(C)=O JUPWRUDTZGBNEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 1
- PNOXNTGLSKTMQO-UHFFFAOYSA-L diacetyloxytin Chemical compound CC(=O)O[Sn]OC(C)=O PNOXNTGLSKTMQO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- FDWREHZXQUYJFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M gold monochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Au+] FDWREHZXQUYJFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021392 nanocarbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011943 nanocatalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- AOPCKOPZYFFEDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel(2+);dinitrate;hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[Ni+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O AOPCKOPZYFFEDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000011150 stannous chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001119 stannous chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002058 ternary alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009210 therapy by ultrasound Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- BSYLOTSXNQZYFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K trichlorogold;hydrate Chemical compound O.Cl[Au](Cl)Cl BSYLOTSXNQZYFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种负载型高熵金属间化合物、制备方法与应用,属于电催化能量转换领域。所述制备方法包括以下步骤:(1)将至少5种金属盐溶解在溶剂中形成溶液,所述至少5种金属盐含有至少5种不同金属元素,所述至少5种不同金属元素同时含有贵金属元素和非贵金属元素,并将载体分散在溶液中,使至少5种金属盐被吸附在载体上,蒸干溶剂后得到固体粉末;(2)将所述固体粉末在还原性气氛下一次加热进行预还原,得到载体负载的高熵合金纳米颗粒;将载体负载的高熵合金纳米颗粒进行二次热处理,得到载体负载的高熵金属间化合物纳米颗粒。本发明制得的催化剂对于燃料电池相关的阴极、阳极电催化反应表现出良好的催化活性和稳定性。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于燃料电池催化剂领域,更具体地,涉及一种负载型高熵金属间化合物催化剂、制备方法及其应用。
背景技术
氢能是一种极具前景的绿色能源,氢气的高效产生与利用对于缓解能源与环境问题具有重要意义。通过水电解产生的氢气纯度高,并且将电解水制得的氢气用于燃料电池具有能量转化效率高等优势。但是,水裂解或燃料电池阴阳极的反应通常需要贵金属的催化进行。如何在减少贵金属用量的同时提升催化活性和稳定性,需要开发高效的催化剂。高熵合金催化剂因合金化的各种增益效应,具有相比于单金属更好的活性,同时高熵效应使得相对于一般的二元、三元合金催化剂稳定性进一步提升。但是高熵合金催化剂中各种原子随机分布,具有不同的配位形式,若使其有序分布,催化甲酸氧化的选择性、活性仍有进一步提升的空间。
发明内容
针对现有技术的以上缺陷或改进需求,本发明提供了一种制备负载型高熵金属间化合物的方法,其目的在于提升纳米催化剂的活性和稳定性,由此解决电催化过程中性能衰退的技术问题。
为实现上述目的,按照本发明的一个方面,提供了一种负载型高熵金属间化合物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将至少5种金属盐溶解在溶剂中形成溶液,所述至少5种金属盐含有至少5种不同金属元素,所述至少5种不同金属元素同时含有贵金属元素和非贵金属元素,并将载体分散在溶液中,使至少5种金属盐被吸附在载体上,蒸干溶剂后得到固体粉末;其中,贵金属元素与非贵金属元素的原子比为(3-1):(1-3);
(2)将所述固体粉末在还原性气氛下一次加热进行预还原,得到载体负载的高熵合金纳米颗粒;将载体负载的高熵合金纳米颗粒进行二次热处理,得到载体负载的高熵金属间化合物纳米颗粒。
优选地,所得高熵金属间化合物纳米颗粒中贵金属元素的质量分数之和为20~40%。
优选地,含有贵金属的盐为铂盐、钯盐、铱盐、铑盐、钌盐或金盐;含有非贵金属的盐为铁盐、钴盐、镍盐、铜盐、锌盐或锡盐。
优选地,所述一次加热的温度为150℃~300℃,所述二次热处理的温度为400℃~1000℃;所述一次加热的时间为1~3h,所述二次热处理的时间为2~10h,升温速率为2~10℃/min。
优选地,贵金属元素与非贵金属元素的原子比为1:3、1:1或3:1。
优选地,所述载体为炭黑、碳纳米管、科琴黑、碳纳米纤维、空心纳米碳球、有序介孔碳、氮掺杂碳、硫掺杂碳、磷掺杂碳、氧化钛、氧化钨、氧化锡中的至少一种;所述溶剂为水、乙醇、甲醇中的至少一种或混合溶剂。
优选地,所述铂盐为氯铂酸、氯铂酸钠、氯铂酸钾、氯亚铂酸钾、乙酰丙酮铂、二氯化铂、四氯化铂中的至少一种,所述钯盐为氯化钯、硫酸钯、醋酸钯、硝酸钯、四氯钯酸钠、氯钯酸铵、乙酰丙酮钯中的至少一种,所述铱盐为醋酸铱、氯化铱、氯酸铱钠、四氯化铱水合物、乙酰丙酮铱、六氯铱酸钾中的至少一种,所述铑盐为氯化铑、硝酸铑、醋酸铑、三乙酰丙酮铑中的至少一种,所述钌盐为氯化钌、乙酰丙酮钌、醋酸钌、二茂钌、钌酸钾、氯钌酸铵、氯钌酸钠、氯钌酸钾中的至少一种,所述金盐为四氯金酸钠二水合物、四氯金酸铵水合物、四氯金酸三水合物、氯化亚金(I)、氯化金钾、氯化金(III)水合物中的至少一种。
优选地,所述铁盐为氯化铁、氯化亚铁、乙酰丙酮铁、醋酸铁、硫酸铁、硝酸铁中的至少一种,所述钴盐为无水硫酸钴、乙酸钴、无水氯化钴、硝酸钴(六水)、乙酰丙酮钴(II)、乙酰丙酮钴(III)中的至少一种,所述镍盐为氯化镍(六水)、乙酰丙酮镍、硝酸镍(六水)、氧化镍中的至少一种,所述铜盐为氯化亚铜、无水硫酸铜、氯化铜二水、无水氯化铜(Ⅱ)中的至少一种,所述锌盐为氯化锌、硫酸锌、硝酸锌中的至少一种,所述锌盐为氯化锌、乙酸锌、乙酰丙酮锌水合物、硫酸锌、硝酸锌水合物中的至少一种,所述锡盐为乙酸锡(II)、硫酸亚锡、乙酰丙酮化锡、无水四氯化锡、无水氯化亚锡中的至少一种。
按照本发明另一个方面,提供了一种负载型高熵金属间化合物。
按照本发明再一个方面,提供了一种负载型高熵金属间化合物的应用,用于燃料电池阴极反应或阳极反应。
总体而言,通过本发明所构思的以上技术方案与现有技术相比,由于对高熵合金催化剂组分比例和原子排列的进一步调节,能够取得下列提升催化性能、调控催化剂粒径的有益效果。
(1)本专利将负载有5种及以上既包括非贵金属又包括贵金属的载体进行一次加热形成合金,然后通过二次热处理,使得合金有序化形成金属间化合物;该金属间化合物可以理解为二元金属体系的化合物,例如,其A位点上均为贵金属原子,而其B位点上均为非贵金属原子。从而通过结合高熵效应与原子级结构有序效应,提升催化稳定性的同时改善催化活性和选择性。
(2)本发明可通过对高熵金属间化合物组分的改变调控催化剂的粒径,其原理是熔点高的金属具有更好的抗烧结能力。例如,将PtFe中的贵金属中增加Ir、Ru,非贵金属增加Cu制备五元催化剂,相对于二元的PtFe催化剂粒径减小。
(3)本发明还可以通过二次热处理的温度来改变调控催化剂的粒径,具体地,二次热处理的温度增加时,呈现颗粒增大的趋势。
附图说明
图1中(a)为碳负载的Pt(FeCoNiCuZn)3高熵金属间化合物纳米颗粒的X射线衍射图,图1中(b)为其在循环30000次前后的循环伏安曲线,图1中(c)为其在循环30000次前后的线性扫描伏安曲线;
图2为碳负载的(PtPdIrRu)Zn高熵金属间化合物纳米颗粒在不同温度处理的X射线衍射图;
图3中(a)为实施例4中碳负载的(PtPdIrRu)Zn高熵金属间化合物纳米颗粒的扫描投射电镜图片,图3中(b)为相同条件下制备的二元PtZn金属间化合物纳米颗粒的扫描投射电镜图片,;
图4中(a)为实施例6碳负载的(PtPdIrRu)(FeCu)高熵金属间化合物纳米颗粒的高分辨透射电镜图片(a),图4中(b1)-(b8)分别为实施例6中各种元素能谱图片;
图5为碳负载的(PtPdIrRu)(FeCu)高熵金属间化合物纳米颗粒在循环1200次前后催化甲酸氧化反应的线性扫描伏安曲线。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白,以下结合附图及实施例,对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。此外,下面所描述的本发明各个实施方式中所涉及到的技术特征只要彼此之间未构成冲突就可以相互组合。
实施例1
第一步:将氯铂酸、氯化铁、氯化钴、氯化镍、氯化铜和氯化锌溶解在水中,随后将Vulcan碳分散在该溶液中,控制铂、铁、钴、镍、铜、锌的原子比为5:6:4:4:4:2,即贵金属与非贵金属原子比为1:4,通过交替地进行超声和搅拌加热处理将溶剂蒸干;
第二步:将第一步的样品进一步干燥后研磨,在氢气体积分数为10%氩氢混合气中于150℃还原2h降至室温,再由室温升温至700℃热处理5h,升温速率为10℃/min,自然冷却至室温后得到Vulcan碳负载的Pt(FeCoNiCuZn)3高熵金属间化合物纳米颗粒。
实施例2
第一步:将氯铂酸、氯化铁、氯化钴、氯化镍、氯化铜和氯化锌溶解在水中,随后将Vulcan碳分散在该溶液中,控制铂、铁、钴、镍、铜、锌的原子比为5:1:1:1:1:1,通过交替地进行超声和搅拌加热处理将溶剂蒸干;
第二步:将第一步的样品进一步干燥后研磨,在氢气体积分数为10%氩氢混合气中于150℃还原2h降至室温,再由室温升温至700℃热处理5h,升温速率为10℃/min,自然冷却至室温后得到Vulcan碳负载的Pt(FeCoNiCuZn)高熵金属间化合物纳米颗粒。
实施例3
第一步:将氯铂酸、氯化铁、氯化钴、氯化镍、氯化铜和氯化锌溶解在水中,随后将碳纳米管分散在该溶液中,控制铂、铁、钴、镍、铜、锌的原子比为5:1:1:1:1:1,通过交替地进行超声和搅拌加热处理将溶剂蒸干;
第二步:将第一步的样品进一步干燥后研磨,在氢气体积分数为10%氩氢混合气中于200℃还原2h降至室温,再由室温升温至700℃热处理2h,升温速率为10℃/min,自然冷却至室温后得到碳纳米管负载的Pt(FeCoNiCuZn)高熵金属间化合物纳米颗粒。
实施例4
第一步:将氯铂酸、氯化钯、氯化铱、氯化铑、氯化钌和氯化锌溶解在水中,随后将碳纳米管分散在该溶液中,控制铂、钯、铱、铑、钌、锌的原子比为1:1:1:1:1:5,通过交替地进行超声和搅拌加热处理将溶剂蒸干;
第二步:将第一步的样品进一步干燥后研磨,在氢气体积分数为10%氩氢混合气中于200℃还原2h降至室温,再由室温升温至500℃热处理2h,升温速率为10℃/min,自然冷却至室温后得到碳纳米管负载的(PtPdIrRhRu)Zn高熵金属间化合物纳米颗粒。
实施例5
第一步:将氯铂酸、氯化钯、氯化铱、氯化铑、氯化钌和氯化锌溶解在水中,随后将碳纳米管分散在该溶液中,控制铂、钯、铱、铑、钌、锌的原子比为1:1:1:1:1:5,通过交替地进行超声和搅拌加热处理将溶剂蒸干;
第二步:将第一步的样品进一步干燥后研磨,在氢气体积分数为10%氩氢混合气中于200℃还原2h降至室温,再由室温升温至700℃热处理2h,升温速率为10℃/min,自然冷却至室温后得到碳纳米管负载的(PtPdIrRhRu)Zn高熵金属间化合物纳米颗粒。
实施例6
第一步:将氯铂酸、氯化钯、氯化铱、氯化钌、氯化铁和氯化铜溶解在水中,随后将Vulcan碳分散在该溶液中,控制铂、钯、铱、钌、铁、铜的原子比为16:2:1:1:10:10,通过交替地进行超声和搅拌加热处理将溶剂蒸干;
第二步:将第一步的样品进一步干燥后研磨,在氢气体积分数为10%氩氢混合气中于200℃还原2h降至室温得到Vulcan碳负载的(PtPdIrRu)(FeCu)高熵合金纳米颗粒,再由室温升温至500℃热处理2h,升温速率为10℃/min,自然冷却至室温后得到Vulcan碳负载的(PtPdIrRu)(FeCu)高熵金属间化合物纳米颗粒。
实施例7
第一步:将氯铂酸、氯化钯、氯化铱、氯化铑、氯化钌和氯化亚锡溶解在水中,随后将碳纳米管分散在该溶液中,控制铂、钯、铱、铑、钌、锡的原子比为1:1:1:1:1:5,通过交替地进行超声和搅拌加热处理将溶剂蒸干;
第二步:将第一步的样品进一步干燥后研磨,在氢气体积分数为10%氩氢混合气中于200℃还原2h降至室温,再由室温升温至400℃热处理2h,升温速率为10℃/min,自然冷却至室温后得到碳纳米管负载的(PtPdIrRhRu)Sn高熵金属间化合物纳米颗粒。
实施例8
将催化剂粉末加入0.1%的Nafion/异丙醇混合液中,通过超声使催化剂粉末分散均匀。吸取5μL分散液,逐滴涂覆在玻碳电极上使其自然干燥,形成催化剂层。以涂覆催化剂层的玻碳电极作为工作电极,可逆氢电极和碳棒分别作为参比电极和对电极,在氮气饱和的含有0.1mol/L的高氯酸溶液中测试以0.05V s-1的扫描速度,测试催化循环伏安曲线,在氧气饱和的含有0.1mol/L的高氯酸溶液中测试以0.01V s-1的扫描速度测定线性扫描伏安曲线。
实施例9
将催化剂粉末加入0.1%的Nafion/异丙醇混合液中,通过超声使催化剂粉末分散均匀。吸取5μL分散液,逐滴涂覆在玻碳电极上使其自然干燥,形成催化剂层。以涂覆催化剂层的玻碳电极作为工作电极,可逆氢电极和碳棒分别作为参比电极和对电极,在氮气饱和的含有0.5mol/L的硫酸溶液中测试以0.05V s-1的扫描速度,测试催化循环伏安曲线,在氮气饱和的含有0.5mol/L的硫酸与0.5mol/L的甲酸溶液中测试以0.005V s-1的扫描速度测定线性扫描伏安曲线。
图1中(a)为实施例1和8中碳负载的Pt(FeCoNiCuZn)3高熵金属间化合物纳米颗粒的X射线衍射图,通过与标准PtCu3金属间化合物对比,表明形成了高熵金属间化合物结构。图1中(b)、(c)分别为碳负载的Pt(FeCoNiCuZn)3在循环30000次前后对氢、氧或氢氧物种的吸附、脱附和线性扫描伏安曲线没有明显变化,表明催化剂结构比较稳定,活性无明显衰减。
图2为实施例4和5中碳负载的(PtPdIrRu)Zn高熵金属间化合物纳米颗粒的X射线衍射图,通过与标准PtZn金属间化合物对比,表明在一次加热200℃形成了高熵合金,在二次热处理500℃和700℃热处理形成金属间化合物结构,存在无序向有序的转变过程。随着温度的增加,XRD的衍射峰强度增大,半高宽减小,表明纳米颗粒粒径增大。
图3中(a)为实施例4中碳负载的(PtPdIrRu)Zn高熵金属间化合物纳米颗粒的扫描投射电镜图片,图3中(b)为相同条件下制备的二元PtZn金属间化合物纳米颗粒的扫描投射电镜图片,结果表明增加Ir、Ru等抗烧结元素制备高熵金属间化合物可以抑制纳米颗粒聚集至较大的尺寸。
图4中(a)为实施例6中碳负载的(PtPdIrRu)(FeCu)高熵金属间化合物纳米颗粒高分辨透射电镜图片和傅里叶变换图片,图4中(b1)-(b8)分别为实施例6中各种元素能谱图片,结果表明微观纳米颗粒中原子有序排列,并且多种元素在颗粒中均匀分布。
图5为实施例6和9中碳负载的(PtPdIrRu)(FeCu)高熵金属间化合物纳米颗粒的线性扫描伏安曲线,结果表明用于电催化燃料电池阳极的甲酸氧化反应在循环1200次后活性无明显衰减。
本领域的技术人员容易理解,以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (9)
1.一种负载型高熵金属间化合物的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)将至少5种金属盐溶解在溶剂中形成溶液,所述至少5种金属盐含有至少5种不同金属元素,所述至少5种不同金属元素同时含有贵金属元素和非贵金属元素,并将载体分散在溶液中,使至少5种金属盐被吸附在载体上,蒸干溶剂后得到固体粉末;其中,贵金属元素与非贵金属元素的原子比为(3-1):(1-3);
(2)将所述固体粉末在还原性气氛下一次加热进行预还原,得到载体负载的高熵合金纳米颗粒;将载体负载的高熵合金纳米颗粒进行二次热处理,得到载体负载的高熵金属间化合物纳米颗粒;
所述一次加热的温度为150℃~300℃,所述二次热处理的温度为400℃~1000℃;所述一次加热的时间为1~3h,所述二次热处理的时间为2~10h,升温速率为2~10℃/min。
2.如权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所得高熵金属间化合物纳米颗粒中贵金属元素的质量分数之和为20~40%。
3.如权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,含有贵金属元素的盐为铂盐、钯盐、铱盐、铑盐、钌盐或金盐;含有非贵金属元素的盐为铁盐、钴盐、镍盐、铜盐、锌盐或锡盐。
4.如权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,贵金属元素与非贵金属元素的原子比为1:3、1:1或3:1。
5.如权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述载体为炭黑、碳纳米管、科琴黑、碳纳米纤维、空心纳米碳球、有序介孔碳、氮掺杂碳、硫掺杂碳、磷掺杂碳、氧化钛、氧化钨、氧化锡中的至少一种;所述溶剂为水、乙醇、甲醇中的至少一种或混合溶剂。
6.如权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述铂盐为氯铂酸、氯铂酸钠、氯铂酸钾、氯亚铂酸钾、乙酰丙酮铂、二氯化铂、四氯化铂中的至少一种,所述钯盐为氯化钯、硫酸钯、醋酸钯、硝酸钯、四氯钯酸钠、氯钯酸铵、乙酰丙酮钯中的至少一种,所述铱盐为醋酸铱、氯化铱、氯酸铱钠、四氯化铱水合物、乙酰丙酮铱、六氯铱酸钾中的至少一种,所述铑盐为氯化铑、硝酸铑、醋酸铑、三乙酰丙酮铑中的至少一种,所述钌盐为氯化钌、乙酰丙酮钌、醋酸钌、二茂钌、钌酸钾、氯钌酸铵、氯钌酸钠、氯钌酸钾中的至少一种,所述金盐为四氯金酸钠二水合物、四氯金酸铵水合物、四氯金酸三水合物、氯化亚金、氯化金钾、氯化金水合物中的至少一种。
7.如权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述铁盐为氯化铁、氯化亚铁、乙酰丙酮铁、醋酸铁、硫酸铁、硝酸铁中的至少一种,所述钴盐为无水硫酸钴、乙酸钴、无水氯化钴、硝酸钴、乙酰丙酮钴中的至少一种,所述镍盐为氯化镍、乙酰丙酮镍、硝酸镍、氧化镍中的至少一种,所述铜盐为氯化亚铜、无水硫酸铜、氯化铜二水、无水氯化铜中的至少一种,所述锌盐为氯化锌、硫酸锌、硝酸锌中的至少一种,所述锌盐为氯化锌、乙酸锌、乙酰丙酮锌水合物、硫酸锌、硝酸锌水合物中的至少一种,所述锡盐为乙酸锡、硫酸亚锡、乙酰丙酮化锡、无水四氯化锡、无水氯化亚锡中的至少一种。
8.如权利要求1-7任一所述的制备方法制备得到的负载型高熵金属间化合物。
9.一种如权利要求8所述的负载型高熵金属间化合物的应用,其特征在于,用于燃料电池阴极反应或阳极反应。
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