CN1153555C - 具有分配带的吸收性结构以及吸收性产品 - Google Patents

具有分配带的吸收性结构以及吸收性产品 Download PDF

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CN1153555C
CN1153555C CNB008089868A CN00808986A CN1153555C CN 1153555 C CN1153555 C CN 1153555C CN B008089868 A CNB008089868 A CN B008089868A CN 00808986 A CN00808986 A CN 00808986A CN 1153555 C CN1153555 C CN 1153555C
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S·菲尔兹
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H·L·施奥根
J·T·库克
J·费德勒
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Abstract

本发明涉及用于一次性吸收性产品以吸收体液的吸收性结构。该吸收性结构包括由用于接收液体的基质纤维和超级吸收性聚合物构成的液体储留层和位于该液体储留层之下的分配层。

Description

具有分配带的吸收性 结构以及吸收性产品
发明领域
本发明涉及一种吸收性结构，此结构包括经过化学处理及丝光处理的纤维素纤维，用来改善一次性的吸收性结构，比如婴儿用尿布，女用卫生巾及成人失禁用尿垫的液体分配。
发明背景
吸收性产品，例如婴儿用尿布，女用卫生巾及成人失禁用尿垫，或其他类似产品，传统上使用各种不同结构和材质来提供必要的吸收性能。而开发改进了的吸收性产品的一个目标是不但增加产品的整个吸收能力，而且提高此产品的韧性和吸收及储留液体的可靠性。另外一个目标是提供一种更加轻薄和更舒适的吸收性产品。
在处理排出的体液时，吸收结构或吸收性产品内的结构必须能够首先吸收液体到吸收性产品上，然后在吸收性产品内分配液体，最后将液体储留在吸收性产品内。
一种改进吸收性产品的吸收特征的方法是使用密集缠绕的网状纤维，比如非织纤维网，它可以吸入和保留诸如排泄的体液或其他身体的渗出物，都是通过吸收(例如，液体被纤维材料本身所吸收并且被保留在纤维间的毛细孔中)，和通过吸液(wicking)(例如，液体通过弥散而被分散开并被储留在纤维间的毛细孔中)。然而，传统上，这种类型的结构只有非常有限的液体储留能力，低分配液体速率和有限的从其它材料分离液体的能力。
常规短纤状纤维素纤维与超级吸收性聚合物作为吸收性产品的吸收性核心被广泛应用。超级吸收性聚合物(以下简称为SAPs)可以吸收几倍于自重的液体。SAPs被用来增加诸如婴儿用尿布，女用卫生巾及成人失禁用尿垫类的吸收性产品的吸收能力。
尽管纤维和SAPs的吸收性能够提供改进了的储留特征，但它们在从一个区域到另一个区域横向运送或分配体液方面存在缺点。这样就使得体液频繁而又周期性分散涌出时使用的吸收性产品出现问题，这种形式的每一股体液的排出通常都会遇到吸收性结构吸收能力快捷和有效性下降的问题：(1)接收后一股排出的体液。(2)从通常排出区域转移体液到没有被使用，没有饱和，或吸收性结构相对干燥的区域。(3)维持耐压缩变形能力。(4)从潮湿压缩状态恢复及(5)分离体液。因此，吸收性产品的整个吸收能力经常没有被充分利用。
本发明的一个目的是提供一种能够超过已知的吸收性结构的吸收，分离或分配能力的吸收性产品。
此外，本发明的一个目的是提供一种能够迅速分散液体到整个吸收性产品上的吸收性结构。
发明概述
本发明涉及在一次性吸收性产品中用来吸收体液的吸收性结构。吸收性结构包括液体储留层，这一层包括用来接收液体的基质纤维和超级吸收性聚合物以及放置在所述液体储留层下面的分配带。分配带包括纤维素纤维，并且基本重量介于每平方米45克到140克之间，密度介于每立方厘米0.20克到0.60克之间。
附图说明
图1是配置有本发明的分配带的吸收性产品的成分的分解透视图。
图2是本说明书的实施例中所用的水平吸液测试装置的透视图。
图3是本说明书的实施例中所用的前述试验装置的速度透视图。
图4是在本发明的吸收性结构上进行的水平吸试验结果的曲线图。
图5是本发明的吸收性结构上进行的前述测试的速度结果的曲线图。
发明详述
本发明涉及用于横向吸收液体的分配带。此分配带特别适合于用作一次性吸收性产品，比如尿布的组成成分。在此类产品中分配带被理想地放置于吸收性产品的吸收性储留层部分的下面。
分配带制作成为纤维网。这里使用的术语“纤维”或“纤维状的”主要指这种特别材料的长度和直径之比大于10。相反，“非纤维”或“非纤维状的”材料主要指这种特别材料的长度与直径之比约为10或小于10的特别材料。
生产分配带的纤维可以被化学处理或丝光处理。优选的纤维包括纤维素短纤浆，丝光处理的纤维浆，棉绒纤维和用多价金属离子(比如铝，钙或镁或它们的混合物)处理过的纤维素短纤浆。也同样可以使用这些纤维的混合物。
分配带的生产可以是由湿法敷涂或者空气敷涂法来加工专用的纤维而制成。但是优选湿法敷涂的加工方式。也可包括在湿法敷涂中典型使用的添加物，比如湿法胶结强度树脂(如聚酰胺表氯醇)。
另外，分配带可以由空气敷涂法制成为或是一个独立网面，或作为与结构的其他层放置在一起的整体层。
分配带的基本重量应该介于每平方米45克(gsm)到140克之间，但优选介于75克到110克之间。分配带的密度介于每立方厘米0.20克(g/cc)到0.60克之间，但最优选介于0.25g/cc到0.55g/cc之间。
在使用中，在需要横向(或X-Y)吸收液体的情况下分配带可以任何方向被放置在吸收性结构中。举例说明，常规的一次性尿布中的吸收性结构，如图1所示，按顺序包括，液体可渗漏顶层，液体收集及分配层(ADL)，液体储留层(典型包括SAP颗粒)和液体不可渗漏底层。尿布接收到的液体污物(Z形走向)渗过顶层即被收集及分配层吸收。然后设计成使得液体横向(X-Y走向)吸收的ADL分配液体。最终液体从ADL层流到储留层，液体在这里被纤维基质和SAP颗粒所吸收。
尽管如上设计的传统尿布一般情况下工作状况还可以，但在使用中的一个缺点是，吸收的液体倾向于蓄积在尿布的一个横向区域(通常在尿布前面)。这样就需要生产一种能够更有效从尿布的一个区域(比如，前部)吸收液体到尿布的另一个通常没有被充分利用的区域(比如，后部)。
本发明中的分配带可被放置在液体储留层和防液体渗漏底层之间。在使用中，存留在储留层和底层之间的过量的液体流到分配带里。然后液体沿着分配带横向流到尚有存留能力的储留层的其他区域。然后液体分散到储留层。用这种方式，有效的利用了尿布的储留能力。
本发明中的分配带可以在任何一种需要横向吸收液体的吸收性产品中使用。除了尿布以外，女用卫生产品和成人失禁用尿垫也可使用分配带。
实施例1
根据本发明的分配带被做成为湿法涂敷的纸片。纤维短纤浆(Foley短纤浆，橡树科技公司，孟菲斯，田纳西)在TAPPI粉碎机里被粉碎(英国纸浆鉴定装置(British Pulp Evaluation Apparatus)，马维斯机械公司，伦敦，英国)。短纤浆被粉碎600次(counts)(5分钟内)。当原材料被粉碎时，动力造纸机(Formette Dynamique，Centre Technique deL’industrie des Papiers Cartons&Celluloses)准备开始使用。
一个精致的网格成型滤网(meshed forming screen)被放在造纸机的离心机篮里并且被平稳地压模到离心机篮的周边上。喷雾杆被小心的放置在离心机篮中，以确保喷雾头不与篮底接触，并且被固定在其位置上。纤维浓浆储留器里大约注入14升水。启动离心机篮并达到一定速度，然后注入水直到完全盖住网格滤网。在此刻，浓浆纤维从粉碎机中取出并被加入到浓浆储留器里，储留器里的浆形棒搅拌器开始启动。
通过安装流量阀并启动喷雾杆和泵使传送系统准备完毕。喷雾杆以1200rpm的速度连续循环直到浓浆储留器被弄空。然后打开排水阀使水慢慢的从离心机篮里排出。在这个过程中要尽力做到防止离心速度降低超过10％。一旦所有的水被排除，关闭离心器并使用闸。当离心机篮停止时，拿走喷雾杆。形成的纸在成型滤网重叠的边缝被分开。从离心机篮中拿出纸片和滤网并被转送到一个单独的周长为40英寸(101.6cm)的蒸汽干燥桶里。制造出来的纸片长度为36英寸(91.44cm)。可以要求纸片重复通过干燥器以达到完全干燥状态。纸片的基本重量介于77.5克和108.5克之间。一旦干燥，纸片被压缩到目标密度0.3g/cc.
实施例2
除了用丝光处理过的纤维素浆(HPZ等级，由橡树科技公司获得，孟菲斯，田纳西)来代替短纤浆之外，重复执行实施例1中的试验。
实施例3
除了纤维素浆被预先用大约7000ppm的AlSO4处理，根据造纸工艺沉淀之外，重复执行实施例1中的试验。
实施例4
除了用棉绒浆(702等级，由橡树科技公司获得，孟菲斯，田纳西)来代替短纤浆外，重复执行实施例1中的试验。
实施例4
对实施例1-4中的纸片进行水平吸液试验。Kamas盒式研磨机(KamasCell Mill)(Kamas工业有限公司，瑞典)粉碎Foley短纤浆片以生产用于吸收性芯的短纤。使用造纸垫机(橡树科技公司，孟菲斯，田纳西)以30％和70％的比例来组合SAP，SXM9100(Stockhausen)和短纤，以准备一14×14英寸(35.56×35.56cm)的吸收性核心测试纸垫，测试纸垫的基本重量为0.30g/平方英寸(0.047g/cm2)并且被压缩到密度为0.15g/cc.分配带被切割成4×14英寸(10.16×35.56cm)而且在测试前被放置在控制湿度与室温的房间里。分配带被制作成基本重量为77.5g/m2，密度压缩成0.30g/cc。然后将样品放在一个水平台上，边槽可以吸收溢出的液体(0.9％盐分)(如图2吸收装置所示)。从市售的尿布剪为3×7英寸(7.62×17.78cm)的收集-分配层(ADL)，然后放在样品上，引入液体。第二块纸板被放在样品和ADL上。上面的纸板包括内径为1.5英寸(3.81cm)的污染物储蓄器。被污染的区域，相对于样品，距前端或污染物储蓄器端中心位置5英寸(12.7cm)。两个4.539克的重量置于顶板上加上施加于样品的垂直压力为0.40lbs/平方英寸(0.062g/cm2)的顶板重量。三个100ml的污染物每隔20分钟注入到样品上。一个小时后，样品被切开和称重以确定液体从污染区所移动的距离。通过吸收性核心部分最后3英寸(7.62cm)的吸收以每克液体与每克SAP/短纤样品的基础来定量水平吸收能力。SAP/短纤和ADL的吸收能力被记录下来。表1详细列举了加入吸收性带到吸收性产品中的效果。
表1
吸收核心和分配带成分 吸收量吸收核心中的最后3英寸(7.62cm)(g/g)
核心—50％SAP和50％短纤纤维素     11
核心---70％SAP和30％短纤纤维素     15
核心---70％SAP和30％短纤纤维素分配带---100％短纤纤维素     22
核心---70％SAP和30％短纤纤维素分配带----100％丝光处理的纤维素     26
核心---70％SAP和30％短纤纤维素分配带—化学处理过的纤维素     22
核心物质---70％SAP和30％短纤纤维素分配带---棉绒     23
实施例5
前进率测试
分配带被剪切为4×14英寸(10.16×35.56cm)并且测试条件如上。分配带的基本重量和压缩密度分别制成为77.5g/m2及0.30g/cc。样品同特氟隆(Teflon)涂层网一起放在平台上。试验装置照片如图3所示。附着在平台上的是一个液体高位调浆箱带有1/4英寸(0.635cm)的、与垂直的可调液体储留器相连接的导管。分配带样品的前端居于液体高位调浆箱(fluid head box)之上的中心。调浆箱设计有4个直径为3/16英寸(0.48cm)的小洞并且间距为9/16英寸(1.43cm)。调节液体(0.9％盐分)浓度以维持零输出压力。一旦样品碰到调浆箱，液体就沿着样品分散开来。当液体到达样品末端时，液体储留器被调节以防止进一步的液体流动。由样品分配的液体以每秒钟液体流动多少克来测定。样品的吸收能力和液体流速被记录如下。
表2
 分配带纤维 流速(克/秒) 吸收能力(克/克)
 100％短纤纤维素 0.11  7.5
 100％丝光处理的纤维素 0.08  8.6
 100％化学处理的纤维素 0.05  5.8
 100％棉绒 0.12  7.6

Claims (6)

1.一种用在一次性吸收产品中用来吸收体液的吸收性结构，所述结构包括：液体储留层，该层包括用来接收液体的基质纤维和超级吸收性聚合物以及放置在所述液体储留层下面的分配带，分配带包括可以选自棉绒，丝光处理的纤维素，短纤浆，化学处理过的纤维素或它们的混合物的纤维素纤维，其中所述的化学处理过的纤维素由选自下组的多价金属离子来处理，该组包括：铝，钙，镁和它们的混合物，所述分配带的基本重量介于每平方米45克到140克之间，密度介于每立方厘米0.25克到0.55克之间。
2.权利要求1的吸收结构，其中所述吸收性产品选自下组，该组包括尿布，女用卫生巾和成人失禁用尿垫。
3.权利要求1的吸收结构，其中所述分配带具有介于每平方米75克至110克之间的基本重量。
4.权利要求1的吸收结构，其中所述分配带由湿法敷涂加工制成。
5.权利要求1的吸收结构，其中所述分配带由空气敷涂法加工制成。
6.一种用于收集、分配和储留体液的吸收性产品，所述产品包括：
液体可渗漏顶层；
液体不可渗漏底层；
吸收性结构，置于所述顶层和所述底层之间，所述吸收性结构包括：
一液体收集和分配层；
一液体储留层，位于收集和分配层之下，并且彼此液体相通，所述储留层包括SAP；并且
分配带置于液体储留层之下并且彼此液体相通，所述分配带包括可以选自棉绒，丝光处理的纤维素，短纤浆，化学处理过的纤维素或它们的混合物纤维素纤维，其中所述的化学处理过的纤维素由选自下组的多价金属离子来处理，该组包括：铝，钙，镁和它们的混合物，所述分配带具有介于每平方米45克到140克之间的基本重量，和具有介于每立方厘米0.25克到0.55克之间的密度。
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