CN115354209A - Method for smelting high-manganese high-nitrogen steel 18Cr18Mn12Ni2N by adopting argon-oxygen furnace - Google Patents
Method for smelting high-manganese high-nitrogen steel 18Cr18Mn12Ni2N by adopting argon-oxygen furnace Download PDFInfo
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- CN115354209A CN115354209A CN202210918438.2A CN202210918438A CN115354209A CN 115354209 A CN115354209 A CN 115354209A CN 202210918438 A CN202210918438 A CN 202210918438A CN 115354209 A CN115354209 A CN 115354209A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/04—Making ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C33/06—Making ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/0006—Adding metallic additives
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
- C21C7/068—Decarburising
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/42—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with copper
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/58—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for smelting high-manganese high-nitrogen steel 18Cr18Mn12Ni2N by adopting an argon oxygen furnace, which has better corrosion resistance, impact toughness and low magnetism and is produced with low cost, and the method adopts an electric arc furnace or a converter to smelt primary molten steel; melting the alloy through an alloy melting furnace; blowing oxygen for decarburization in an argon-oxygen furnace; after decarburization is carried out to less than or equal to 0.10%, electrolytic manganese metal and copper plate are adopted for alloying manganese and copper; stirring by argon to remove the hydrogen content in the molten steel; carrying out deoxidation and desulfurization on the reduction slag after slagging off; the nitrogen is increased by nitrogen to alloy, so that molten steel with lower phosphorus content and hydrogen content can be smelted, the alloy and the steel grade return stub bars are melted in an alloy melting furnace, manganese and copper are alloyed in the reduction period of an argon-oxygen furnace, the yield of alloy elements is over 97 percent, the yield of the return stub bars and the alloy elements is improved, the production cost is low, the production efficiency is high, the comprehensive energy consumption is low, and the high-manganese high-nitrogen steel 18Cr18Mn12Ni2N with better corrosion resistance, impact toughness and low magnetism can be produced in batches at low cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metal smelting, and particularly relates to a method for smelting high-manganese high-nitrogen steel 18Cr18Mn12Ni2N by adopting an argon oxygen furnace, which has better corrosion resistance, impact toughness and low magnetism and is produced at low cost.
Background
The 18Cr18Mn12Ni2N high-manganese high-nitrogen steel is a nickel-saving high-manganese high-nitrogen austenitic stainless steel, and is widely applied to key parts of ships, warships and motor shafts due to excellent corrosion resistance, good impact toughness and low magnetism. At present, the steel grade is smelted by adopting an electric arc furnace return method smelting, a ladle furnace refining and an electroslag remelting method, manganese and copper are alloyed in a ladle refining furnace, and nitrogen is alloyed by adopting a nitriding alloy after refining. The smelting method has the following problems: (1) The electric arc furnace returns to smelting, the chromium oxide content in the furnace slag is high, the fluidity is poor, further deep dephosphorization cannot be carried out, molten steel with lower phosphorus cannot be produced, and the corrosion resistance and impact toughness of the material are not facilitated. (2) The smelting is carried out by an electric arc furnace returning method, the burning loss of the easily oxidized alloy elements such as [ Cr ] and [ Mn ] is large, and the yield of the metal materials and the alloy elements is low. (3) When the electric furnace or the ladle refining furnace adopts the cheap low-carbon ferrochrome to carry out chromium alloying, the smelting time is long, the production efficiency is low, the cost is high, and the refractory material is easy to be peeled off and enter molten steel to form non-metallic inclusions. (4) The alloying of manganese and copper is carried out in the ladle refining furnace, the smelting time is long, the alloy yield is low, meanwhile, manganese oxide in slag can seriously erode the refractory material of the ladle, the service life of the ladle is shortened, and the ladle-through accident can be caused in serious cases. (5) The electrolytic manganese metal has high hydrogen content, and the hydrogen content cannot be effectively removed after manganese alloying, so that the hydrogen content in the steel is high, and the corrosion resistance and the impact toughness of the material are influenced. (6) After refining, a large amount of ferrochromium nitride or ferromanganese nitride is adopted for nitrogen alloying, so that the alloying cost is high, and simultaneously, the molten steel is polluted, and the purity of the molten steel is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide a method for smelting high-manganese high-nitrogen steel 18Cr18Mn12Ni2N by adopting an argon-oxygen furnace, and the method adopts an electric arc furnace or a converter to smelt primary molten steel; melting the alloy through an alloy melting furnace; blowing oxygen for decarburization by an argon-oxygen furnace; after decarburization is carried out to less than or equal to 0.10%, electrolytic manganese metal and copper plate are adopted for alloying manganese and copper; stirring by argon to remove the hydrogen content in the molten steel; carrying out deoxidation and desulfurization on the reduction slag generated after slagging-off; the high manganese high nitrogen steel 18Cr18Mn12Ni2N with better corrosion resistance, impact toughness and low magnetism is produced at low cost by alloying nitrogen through nitrogen increasing.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for smelting high-manganese high-nitrogen steel 18Cr18Mn12Ni2N by using an argon-oxygen furnace comprises the following specific smelting steps:
step 1), primarily smelting through an electric arc furnace or a converter, and reducing the phosphorus content of primarily smelted molten steel to be below 0.004%;
step 2), melting 200-270kg/t of high-carbon ferrochrome, 10-20kg/t of nickel plate and 40-60kg/t of steel grade returning to a stub bar by an alloy melting furnace so as to improve the yield of alloy, shorten the smelting time of the argon oxygen furnace, reduce the corrosion of a furnace lining of the argon oxygen furnace, and adding the molten alloy and the primary molten steel obtained in the step 1) into the argon oxygen furnace for smelting;
step 3), blowing oxygen for decarburization through an argon-oxygen furnace, reducing the carbon content in steel to be below 0.10%, adding 10-30kg/t of lime into the argon-oxygen furnace in advance to protect a furnace lining, starting an oxygen lance and an air lance after steel is mixed for oxygen blowing decarburization smelting according to the oxygen-nitrogen volume ratio of 5, wherein the cooling gas of the oxygen lance and the air lance adopts nitrogen; in order to avoid the erosion of the furnace lining due to overhigh temperature in the decarburization period, 20-40kg/t of lime and 40-60kg/t of high-carbon ferrochrome are added in the oxygen blowing decarburization period, and the temperature is controlled to be less than or equal to 1740 ℃; stopping oxygen lance smelting when the carbon content in the steel is less than or equal to 0.50%, only starting an air lance for smelting, controlling the volume ratio of oxygen to nitrogen to be 1-1;
step 4), alloying manganese and copper in an argon-oxygen furnace, adding 5-10kg/t ferrosilicon and 1-3kg/t aluminum into the furnace for reduction when the carbon content in steel is less than or equal to 0.10%, and then adding electrolytic manganese metal and copper metal for alloying manganese and copper; the addition of electrolytic manganese metal is calculated according to the target component of the 18Cr18Mn12Ni2N steel manganese, and the yield is considered according to the weight percentage of 92%; the addition of the electrolytic metal copper is calculated according to the target component of the 18Cr18Mn12Ni2N steel copper, and the yield is considered according to the weight percentage of 97 percent;
step 5), carrying out temperature compensation on the argon oxygen furnace, wherein the alloying of manganese and copper can cause the temperature of molten steel in the argon oxygen furnace to be greatly reduced, adding silicon or aluminum blocks for oxygen blowing and heating, calculating the oxygen blowing and heating according to the reduced temperature of the alloying of manganese and copper, and considering the increase of the oxygen blowing and heating by 300-400 ℃, wherein the specific dosage is calculated according to the requirement that 3.88 kilograms of ferrosilicon or 2.87 kilograms of aluminum blocks are needed for heating per ton of molten steel at 100 ℃;
step 6), after alloying manganese and copper, the hydrogen content in electrolytic manganese metal is high, which causes the hydrogen content in molten steel of an argon-oxygen furnace to be high, the stirring gas is switched to argon gas for strong stirring, and the hydrogen brought by the electrolytic manganese metal is removed by strong stirring of the argon gas;
step 7), after manganese and copper alloying and oxygen blowing and temperature raising and argon stirring dehydrogenation, the slag is slightly oxidizing and low in alkalinity, which is not beneficial to the purity of the molten steel, the slag needs to be removed, 10-20kg/t of lime, 2-5kg/t of fluorite and 1-2kg/t of aluminum blocks are added again for deoxidation and desulfurization, and the purity of the molten steel is improved;
and 8) deoxidizing the molten steel, desulfurizing, then, adopting nitrogen to blow nitrogen to carry out nitrogen alloying, then, blowing argon at a small flow rate to remove the residual nitrogen in the molten steel, then, measuring the temperature, sampling, and after the temperature and the components are qualified, carrying out ladle pouring.
The invention has the following advantages:
(1) Smelting primary molten steel by adopting an electric arc furnace or a converter; melting the alloy through an alloy melting furnace; blowing oxygen for decarburization in an argon-oxygen furnace; after decarburization is carried out to less than or equal to 0.10%, electrolytic manganese metal and copper plate are adopted for alloying manganese and copper; stirring by argon to remove the hydrogen content in the molten steel; carrying out deoxidation and desulfurization on the reduction slag generated after slagging-off; alloying nitrogen by nitrogen increasing; the working procedures are divided into clear and closely matched, the production efficiency is high, the comprehensive energy consumption is low, and the high-manganese high-nitrogen steel 18Cr18Mn12Ni2N with better corrosion resistance, impact toughness and low magnetism can be produced in batches at low cost.
(2) Can smelt molten steel with lower phosphorus content and hydrogen content, and is beneficial to improving the corrosion resistance, the impact toughness and the low magnetism of the 18Cr18Mn12Ni2N steel.
(3) The alloy and the steel grade return stub bar are melted in an alloy melting furnace, manganese and copper are alloyed in the reduction period of an argon-oxygen furnace, the yield of alloy elements is over 97 percent, and the yield of the return stub bar and the alloy elements is improved.
Detailed Description
The embodiment is as follows: a method for smelting high-manganese high-nitrogen steel 18Cr18Mn12Ni2N by using an argon-oxygen furnace comprises the following steps: and smelting the high-manganese high-nitrogen steel 18Cr18Mn12Ni2N by adopting a 60-ton argon-oxygen furnace.
Step 1), primary smelting of molten steel: smelting by adopting a 60-ton electric arc furnace, and finishing the end point [ C ]:0.10%, [ P ]:0.004 percent, the tapping temperature is 1670 ℃, and after tapping, the ladle is hung to an alloy melting furnace to receive alloy molten iron;
step 2), melting the alloy in an alloy melting furnace: the furnace burden consists of 16 tons of high carbon ferrochrome, 1 ton of nickel plate and 3 tons of the steel grade returning stub bars; starting power transmission with the electric furnace at the same time, connecting a ladle with molten alloy iron after tapping of the electric furnace, and then hoisting the ladle to the argon oxygen furnace for steel mixing;
and 3) carrying out oxygen blowing decarburization through an argon oxygen furnace: 1000kg of lime is added into the furnace in advance, and the components of the added molten steel are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 molten steel ingredients (mass%,%)
Cooling gas adopts nitrogen, an oxygen gun and an air gun are started to blow oxygen for decarburization, and 1000kg of lime and 3000kg of high-carbon ferrochrome are added at the temperature of 1650 ℃. Closing the oxygen lance when the carbon content is 0.50 percent; sampling at the temperature of 1720 ℃ and the carbon content of 0.10 percent, adding 200kg of ferrosilicon into the sample, and reducing for 4 minutes;
step 4), alloying and dehydrogenation of manganese and copper in an argon-oxygen furnace: 8000kg of electrolytic manganese metal, 350kg of copper plate, 400kg of ferrosilicon and 100kg of aluminum are added for alloying manganese and copper and oxygen blowing temperature rise, and then argon gas is stirred for 8 minutes to remove hydrogen brought by the electrolytic manganese; then sampling and measuring the temperature, wherein the temperature is 1580 ℃;
step 5), deoxidation and desulfurization in an argon oxygen furnace and alloying of nitrogen: after more than 50% of slag is removed, 800kg of lime, 200kg of fluorite and 60kg of aluminum blocks are added again for slagging, the nitrogen is stirred for 6 minutes and then the argon is stirred for 1 minute, the sampling components are qualified, the temperature is measured at 1510 ℃ for tapping, and the components before tapping are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 molten steel composition before tapping (mass%,%)
And 6), transferring to a ladle refining furnace after tapping, finely adjusting the temperature and the components, and then hanging for ladle pouring.
Claims (1)
1. A method for smelting high-manganese high-nitrogen steel 18Cr18Mn12Ni2N by using an argon-oxygen furnace is characterized by comprising the following steps: the specific smelting steps are as follows:
step 1), primarily smelting through an electric arc furnace or a converter, and reducing the phosphorus content of primarily smelted molten steel to be below 0.004%;
step 2), melting 200-270kg/t of high-carbon ferrochrome, 10-20kg/t of nickel plate and 40-60kg/t of steel grade returning to a stub bar by an alloy melting furnace so as to improve the yield of alloy, shorten the smelting time of the argon oxygen furnace, reduce the corrosion of a furnace lining of the argon oxygen furnace, and adding the molten alloy and the primary molten steel obtained in the step 1) into the argon oxygen furnace for smelting;
step 3), blowing oxygen for decarburization through an argon-oxygen furnace, reducing the carbon content in steel to be below 0.10%, adding 10-30kg/t of lime into the argon-oxygen furnace in advance to protect a furnace lining, starting an oxygen lance and an air lance after steel is mixed for oxygen blowing decarburization smelting according to the oxygen-nitrogen volume ratio of 5, wherein the cooling gas of the oxygen lance and the air lance adopts nitrogen; in order to avoid the erosion of the furnace lining due to overhigh temperature in the decarburization period, 20-40kg/t of lime and 40-60kg/t of high-carbon ferrochrome are added in the oxygen blowing decarburization period, and the temperature is controlled to be less than or equal to 1740 ℃; stopping oxygen lance smelting when the carbon content in the steel is less than or equal to 0.50%, only starting an air lance for smelting, controlling the volume ratio of oxygen to nitrogen to be 1-1 to 5 to control the temperature to be less than or equal to 1740 ℃, stopping oxygen blowing for decarburization when the carbon content in the steel is less than or equal to 0.10%, measuring the temperature, sampling and analyzing;
step 4), alloying manganese and copper in an argon-oxygen furnace, adding 5-10kg/t ferrosilicon and 1-3kg/t aluminum into the furnace for reduction when the carbon content in steel is less than or equal to 0.10%, and then adding electrolytic manganese metal and copper metal for alloying manganese and copper; the addition of electrolytic manganese metal is calculated according to the target component of the manganese of the 18Cr18Mn12Ni2N steel, and the yield is considered according to the weight percentage of 92 percent; the addition of the electrolytic metal copper is calculated according to the target component of the 18Cr18Mn12Ni2N steel copper, and the yield is considered according to the weight percentage of 97 percent;
step 5), carrying out temperature compensation on the argon oxygen furnace, wherein the alloying of manganese and copper can cause the temperature of molten steel in the argon oxygen furnace to be greatly reduced, adding silicon or aluminum blocks for oxygen blowing and temperature rise, calculating the oxygen blowing and temperature rise according to the reduced temperature of the alloying of manganese and copper, and considering the increase of the oxygen blowing and temperature rise by 300-400 ℃, wherein the specific dosage is calculated according to the temperature rise of molten steel per ton at 100 ℃ by 3.88 kilograms of ferrosilicon or 2.87 kilograms of aluminum blocks;
step 6), after alloying manganese and copper, the hydrogen content in electrolytic manganese metal is high, which causes the hydrogen content in molten steel in an argon-oxygen furnace to be high, the stirring gas is switched to argon gas for strong stirring, and the hydrogen brought by the electrolytic manganese metal is removed by adopting the argon gas strong stirring;
step 7), after manganese and copper alloying and oxygen blowing and temperature rise and argon stirring dehydrogenation, the slag is oxidated slightly and has low alkalinity, which is not beneficial to the purity of the molten steel, the slag needs to be removed, and lime 10-20kg/t, fluorite 2-5kg/t and aluminum blocks 1-2kg/t are added again for deoxidation and desulfurization, so that the purity of the molten steel is improved;
and 8) deoxidizing the molten steel, desulfurizing, then, adopting nitrogen to blow nitrogen to carry out nitrogen alloying, then, blowing argon at a small flow rate to remove the residual nitrogen in the molten steel, then, measuring the temperature, sampling, and after the temperature and the components are qualified, carrying out ladle pouring.
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| CN202210918438.2A CN115354209B (en) | 2022-08-02 | 2022-08-02 | Method for smelting high-manganese high-nitrogen steel 18Cr18Mn12Ni2N by adopting argon-oxygen furnace |
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| CN202210918438.2A CN115354209B (en) | 2022-08-02 | 2022-08-02 | Method for smelting high-manganese high-nitrogen steel 18Cr18Mn12Ni2N by adopting argon-oxygen furnace |
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0421713A (en) * | 1990-05-16 | 1992-01-24 | Nippon Steel Corp | Method for correcting steel tapping temperature with reserving heat quantity in ladle |
| CN103146875A (en) * | 2012-11-15 | 2013-06-12 | 北京北冶功能材料有限公司 | Method for smelting high nitrogen steel under ordinary pressure |
| CN105039648A (en) * | 2015-08-04 | 2015-11-11 | 上海应用技术学院 | Method for smelting low-carbon and high-manganese-content molten steel through argon oxygen decarburizing furnace |
| CN108913983A (en) * | 2018-07-31 | 2018-11-30 | 河南中原特钢装备制造有限公司 | Corrosion resistance and the strong FV520B steel smelting method of impact flexibility |
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0421713A (en) * | 1990-05-16 | 1992-01-24 | Nippon Steel Corp | Method for correcting steel tapping temperature with reserving heat quantity in ladle |
| CN103146875A (en) * | 2012-11-15 | 2013-06-12 | 北京北冶功能材料有限公司 | Method for smelting high nitrogen steel under ordinary pressure |
| CN105039648A (en) * | 2015-08-04 | 2015-11-11 | 上海应用技术学院 | Method for smelting low-carbon and high-manganese-content molten steel through argon oxygen decarburizing furnace |
| CN108913983A (en) * | 2018-07-31 | 2018-11-30 | 河南中原特钢装备制造有限公司 | Corrosion resistance and the strong FV520B steel smelting method of impact flexibility |
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