CN115354188B - Easily-welded brass and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Easily-welded brass and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115354188B CN115354188B CN202211034428.9A CN202211034428A CN115354188B CN 115354188 B CN115354188 B CN 115354188B CN 202211034428 A CN202211034428 A CN 202211034428A CN 115354188 B CN115354188 B CN 115354188B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
- C22C9/04—Alloys based on copper with zinc as the next major constituent
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C37/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape
- B21C37/04—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape of bars or wire
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0075—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for rods of limited length
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/08—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of copper or alloys based thereon
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
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- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Arc Welding In General (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses easily welded brass, which is characterized in that: the brass comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 60 to 63 weight percent, pb:0.1 to 0.5 weight percent, less than or equal to 0.05 weight percent of Al, less than or equal to 0.008 weight percent of Bi, si:0.02 to 0.10 percent, zr:0.008 to 0.06 percent, and the balance of Zn and unavoidable impurities. According to the brass, the main element Cu content of the brass and the contents of impurity elements Al and Bi which influence the welding performance of the material are limited, and meanwhile, beneficial elements Si and Zr which improve the welding performance of the brass are added, so that the matrix phases of alpha phase and beta phase are realized, and the area occupation ratio of the beta phase is controlled. The welding part has the tensile strength reaching more than 90% of the tensile strength of the material, has good welding performance, and has good air tightness when being used as a component with extremely high air tightness requirement.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of copper alloy, and particularly relates to easily-welded brass and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Brass has beautiful color and luster and excellent performance, is widely applied to a plurality of fields, and is an indispensable processing technology in the process of processing brass materials into parts. At present, brass is mainly welded by adopting methods such as gas welding, brazing, resistance welding, arc welding, argon arc welding and the like, and the following problems easily occur during brass welding:
(1) Brass is a Cu-Zn alloy, and because the boiling point of Zn is lower and is only 907 ℃, the Zn is extremely easy to evaporate during welding, and the Zn evaporation causes dezincification in a welding area, so that tiny holes are generated after metals at the welding part are fused, and the structure at the welding part is not compact.
(2) When the area fraction of beta phase of the dual-phase brass is high, the beta phase is connected, pb can be partially gathered on the interface between the beta phase and the alpha phase during high-temperature welding, the beta phase is easy to corrode in an external corrosive environment, pb particles gradually fall off to form an internal micro-channel, and gas leakage is caused.
The problems mentioned above make brass materials, especially dual-phase brass, limited in the field of components with extremely high requirements for air tightness, such as gas valves, air-conditioning stop valves, etc.
Therefore, in order to solve the above problems, it is necessary to improve the existing brass components and processing techniques to prepare brass which is easy to weld.
Disclosure of Invention
The first technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide easy-to-weld brass.
The invention solves the first technical problem by adopting the technical scheme that: an easy-to-weld brass, which is characterized in that: the brass comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 60 to 63 weight percent, pb:0.1 to 0.5 weight percent, less than or equal to 0.05 weight percent of Al, less than or equal to 0.008 weight percent of Bi, si:0.02 to 0.10 percent, zr:0.008 to 0.06 percent, and the balance of Zn and unavoidable impurities.
Copper is a Cu-Zn binary alloy, when the Zn content is 39-46%, the alloy is alpha+beta phase, and in alpha+beta phase brass, along with the increase of the Zn content, the proportion of beta phase is also increased, the proportion of alpha phase is correspondingly reduced, the temperature during brass welding is more than 750 ℃, when the Cu content is below 60%, the proportion of beta phase in a tissue is increased after the brass welding area is cooled, and the beta phase is a solid solution based on an electronic compound CuZn, so that the brass welding part is hard and brittle in nature, the brittleness of the brass welding part is increased, the stress corrosion sensitivity is increased, and stress cracks are easily generated, therefore, the Cu content of the brass is more than 60%. However, the Cu content is too high, the alpha phase is increased, the solubility of Pb in the alpha phase is only 0.03%, and in the beta phase is 0.3%, pb particles in Pb-containing brass tissues are easy to gather on the interface between the beta phase and the alpha phase, the beta phase is easy to be corroded in an external corrosive environment, pb particles gradually fall off to form an internal micro-channel, and the welded part is easy to cause gas leakage, so that the Cu content of the brass is below 63%.
Pb in the alloy of the present invention improves the machinability of the alloy, the higher the content thereof, the better the machinability of the alloy, but when Pb content exceeds its solubility in the beta phase and reaches 0.5%, the aggregation of Pb in the grain boundary is aggravated and the tendency of Pb particles to fall off to form micro channels is aggravated at high temperature welding, so that the Pb content range of the alloy of the present invention: 0.1 to 0.5 percent.
The brass limits the content of Al, and the content of Al cannot exceed 0.05 weight percent, mainly because the Al element in the brass is extremely easy to combine with O to form Al when the brass is welded at high temperature 2 O 3 ，Al 2 O 3 The occurrence of (3) increases the viscosity of the molten metal and the welding is not easy to fuse.
The brass of the present invention has a Bi content of not more than 0.008wt% and is mainly because Bi is hardly soluble in Cu and forms a eutectic with Pb at grain boundaries, which is liable to cause hot shortness and cracking at high temperature welding.
The brass of the invention is added with Si element which has important functions of forming a layer of compact SiO on the surface of a molten pool except deoxidization 2 And the film blocks the evaporation of Zn, so that the metal fusion of the welding part is more compact. Because the equivalent coefficient of Si zinc is +10, the maximum among all elements is that Si is added into brass, the beta phase can be obviously increased, the brittleness of the brass is increased, the content is too low, and the effect of improving welding is poor, so that the content of Si added into the brass is controlled to be 0.02-0.10%.
The trace Zr element is added into the brass, so that the trace Zr element has the main effect of preventing the beta phase in the brass structure of a welding area from growing up during high-temperature welding, the Zr melting point reaches 1852 ℃, trace Zr exists on the interface between the alpha phase and the beta phase, the expansion of the phase interface with high Wen Shi can be inhibited, and experimental data show that the effect of preventing the beta phase from growing up is most remarkable when the content of the Zr element is in the range of 0.008-0.06%.
Preferably, the matrix phase of the brass is an alpha phase and a beta phase, wherein the area of the beta phase in the matrix phase is 10-30%. The beta-phase area ratio is not more than 30%, the beta-phase is not connected with each other to form a channel, the beta-phase area ratio is more than 10%, and the purpose is that Pb can be wrapped by the beta-phase in a tissue during high-temperature welding, so that the Pb is prevented from gathering on a grain boundary, and the cracking of a welding seam caused by the hot brittleness of the Pb is reduced.
The invention aims to solve the second technical problem of providing a preparation method of easily welded brass.
The invention solves the second technical problem by adopting the technical proposal that: a preparation method of easily welded brass is characterized by comprising the following steps: the process flow comprises smelting, casting, hot extrusion, intermediate stretching and annealing, and finished product stretching; the hot extrusion temperature is 630-750 ℃, and the obtained extrusion blank is annealed at the following temperature: 450-500 ℃ and heating time: 30-60 min, and the heat preservation time is as follows: and (5) cooling the mixture for 40-90 min along with the furnace to below 200 ℃ and discharging the mixture. To avoid excessive beta phase formation during the hot extrusion, the hot extrusion temperature is controlled between 630 and 750 ℃. The extruded blank is annealed in order to transform the beta phase towards the alpha phase, avoid the long beta phase to connect and ensure the beta phase area in the finished product tissue to be 10-30%.
Preferably, the number of times of the intermediate stretching and annealing is at least two, the total processing rate between the two times of annealing is not less than 20%, and the intermediate annealing temperature is as follows: 450-500 ℃ and heating time: 30-60 min, and the heat preservation time is as follows: 180-300 min.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: the brass realizes the matrix phases of alpha phase and beta phase by limiting the Cu content of the main element of the brass and limiting the contents of impurity elements Al and Bi which influence the welding performance of the material and simultaneously adding beneficial elements Si and Zr which improve the welding performance of the brass, controls the area occupation ratio of the beta phase, realizes that the tensile strength of a welding part reaches more than 90 percent of the tensile strength of the material, has good welding performance, and has good air tightness when being used as components with extremely high air tightness requirements.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a photograph of a metallographic structure of an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a photograph showing the metallographic structure of a comparative example of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the embodiments of the drawings.
The invention provides 3 examples and 1 comparative example, the specific composition is shown in table 1.
Example 1
The easy-to-weld brass bar has the specification of phi 22 x 2500mm and is prepared by the following steps:
1) Smelting: batching according to the required components, smelting in a power frequency smelting furnace, pouring the converter into the power frequency furnace for heat preservation after all the metals are molten and the tested components are qualified, and adding Cu-Zr alloy into the heat preservation furnace;
2) Casting: drawing a phi 245mm cast ingot by horizontal continuous casting, and sawing into 750mm long;
3) Extruding: extruding the mixture into phi 30mm by a 3150T extruder, wherein the extrusion temperature is 650 ℃, annealing the extruded blank at 490 ℃ in a pit furnace, heating for 30min, and preserving heat for 60min, and cooling to below 200 ℃ along with the furnace to discharge;
4) Intermediate stretching and annealing: the extrusion blank with the diameter of 31mm is stretched and annealed twice, the first step is stretched to the diameter of 29mm, the first step is not annealed, the second step is continuously stretched to the diameter of 27mm, the total processing rate of the two stretching is 24.1%, and then the second step is annealed at 500 ℃, the heating time is 60min, and the heat preservation time is 210min; secondly, stretching to phi 25mm, continuously stretching to phi 23mm without annealing, wherein the processing rate is 27.4%, and then annealing at 500 ℃ for 60min and preserving heat for 210min;
5) And (3) stretching a finished product: after pickling, the blank with the diameter of 23mm is stretched to a bar with the diameter of 22mm 2500mm by a drawing machine.
Example 2:
the easy-to-weld brass bar has the specification of phi 19 x 2500mm and is prepared by the following steps:
1) Smelting: batching according to the required components, smelting in a power frequency smelting furnace, pouring the converter into the power frequency furnace for heat preservation after all the metals are molten and the tested components are qualified, and adding Cu-Zr alloy into the heat preservation furnace;
2) Casting: drawing a phi 245mm cast ingot by horizontal continuous casting, and sawing into 700mm long;
3) Extruding: extruding Cheng mm by using a 3150T extruder with double holes, wherein the extruding temperature is 710 ℃, annealing the extruded blank at 470 ℃ in a pit furnace, heating for 30min, and preserving heat for 60min, and cooling to below 200 ℃ along with the furnace;
4) Intermediate stretching and annealing: the extrusion blank with the diameter of 28mm is subjected to intermediate stretching and annealing twice, the first step is stretched to the diameter of 26mm, the first step is not annealed and is continuously stretched to the diameter of 24mm, the total processing rate of the two stretching is 26.5%, and then the extrusion blank is annealed at the temperature of 490 ℃, the heating time is 45min, and the heat preservation time is 240min; secondly, stretching to phi 22mm, continuously stretching to phi 20mm without annealing, wherein the total processing rate of the two stretching steps is 30.5%, and then annealing at 490 ℃ for 45min and heat preservation for 240min;
5) And (3) stretching a finished product: the phi 20mm wire blank was drawn to phi 19 x 2500mm by a drawing machine.
Example 3:
the specification of the easy-to-weld brass bar is phi 16 x 2500mm, and the preparation steps are as follows:
1) Smelting: batching according to the required components, smelting in a power frequency smelting furnace, pouring the converter into the power frequency furnace for heat preservation after all the metals are molten and the tested components are qualified, and adding Cu-Zr alloy into the heat preservation furnace;
2) Casting: drawing an ingot with the diameter of 195mm by horizontal continuous casting, and sawing into a length of 750 mm;
3) Extruding: extruding the mixture into phi 21mm by a 2200T extruder, wherein the extrusion temperature is 650 ℃, annealing the extruded blank at 490 ℃ in a pit furnace, heating for 30min, and preserving heat for 60min, and cooling to below 200 ℃ along with the furnace and discharging;
4) Intermediate stretching and annealing: the extrusion blank with the diameter of 20mm is subjected to intermediate stretching and annealing twice, the first step is stretched to the diameter of 18.6mm, the processing rate is 21.6%, and then the extrusion blank is annealed at 480 ℃, the heating time is 45min, and the heat preservation time is 240min; secondly, stretching to phi 16.5mm, wherein the processing rate is 21.3%, and then annealing at 490 ℃ for 45min and preserving heat for 210min;
5) And (3) stretching a finished product: after pickling, the blank with the diameter of 16.5mm is stretched to a bar with the diameter of 16 x 2500mm through a combined drawing machine.
Comparative example: HPb59-1 lead brass bar with a specification of phi 22 x 2500mm.
The following tests were carried out on the examples and comparative examples obtained:
beta phase area ratio: the measurement was performed according to the method specified in GB/T15749-2008 (quantitative metallographic measurement method), and the results are recorded in Table 2.
Tensile strength: for the samples prepared in 3 examples and 1 comparative example, 6 samples are respectively taken, each length is 120mm, every two samples are welded together through a resistance welding method, after the welding part is polished and leveled, a tensile test is carried out on a tensile testing machine, the tensile speed is 10-20 mm/min, the tensile strength of the welding part is detected, and the tensile strength of the welding part reaches more than 90% of the tensile strength of the material per se, so that the welding quality meets the requirements. The average tensile strength results are reported in table 3.
And (3) air tightness detection: the 3 examples and 1 comparative example samples are divided into 4 groups, 3 samples of each group are hot forged into an air conditioner stop valve, and after being welded with an air conditioner pure copper condenser pipe, salt spray corrosion treatment is carried out according to a GB/T10125-2012 (artificial atmosphere corrosion test salt spray test) test method (copper accelerated acetic acid salt spray test method), and the test conditions are as follows: temperature: 50.+ -. 2 ℃ and PH value: 3.1-3.3, sodium chloride concentration: 50+ -5 g/L, copper chloride concentration: taking out a sample after the test is finished, cleaning the surface and the inside of the stop valve by flowing clean water at the temperature of not higher than 40 ℃ after the test is finished, drying by compressed air, performing a gas low-pressure sealing test according to GB/T13927-2008 (Industrial valve pressure test), wherein the gas pressure is 2 times of the maximum working pressure of the stop valve, and the test time is as follows: 60s, and then determined according to Table 4 in Standard No. 6.3 (maximum allowable leak rate for seal test).
TABLE 1 chemical compositions of examples and comparative examples of the present invention
TABLE 2 beta phase area ratio for inventive and comparative examples
| Numbering device | Beta phase area ratio/% |
| Example 1 | 21.40 |
| Example 2 | 18.52 |
| Example 3 | 27.43 |
| Comparative example | 46.72 |
TABLE 3 tensile Strength at weld sites for inventive examples, comparative examples samples themselves
Table 4 test results of air conditioner shut-off valve air tightness test of the inventive example and comparative example samples
Claims (1)
1. An easy-to-weld brass, which is characterized in that: the brass comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 60 to 63 weight percent, pb:0.1 to 0.5 weight percent, less than or equal to 0.05 weight percent of Al, less than or equal to 0.008 weight percent of Bi, si:0.02 to 0.10 percent, zr:0.008 to 0.06 percent, and the balance of Zn and unavoidable impurities;
the basal body phase of the brass is an alpha phase and a beta phase, wherein the area ratio of the beta phase in the basal body phase is 10-30%;
the preparation process flow of the easy-to-weld brass comprises smelting, casting, hot extrusion, intermediate stretching and annealing, and finished product stretching; the hot extrusion temperature is 630-750 ℃, and the obtained extrusion blank is annealed at the following temperature: 450-500 ℃ and heating time: 30-60 min, and the heat preservation time is as follows: cooling to below 200 ℃ along with the furnace for 40-90 min, and discharging;
the number of times of the intermediate stretching and annealing is at least two, the total processing rate between the two times of annealing is not lower than 20%, and the intermediate annealing temperature is as follows: 450-500 ℃ and heating time: 30-60 min, and the heat preservation time is as follows: 180-300 min.
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