CN114540648A - Method for producing free-cutting lead brass continuous casting rod by using scrap copper - Google Patents
Method for producing free-cutting lead brass continuous casting rod by using scrap copper Download PDFInfo
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- CN114540648A CN114540648A CN202210162691.XA CN202210162691A CN114540648A CN 114540648 A CN114540648 A CN 114540648A CN 202210162691 A CN202210162691 A CN 202210162691A CN 114540648 A CN114540648 A CN 114540648A
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- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 99
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 94
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 93
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical group [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- -1 sodium aluminum fluoride Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N diboron trioxide Chemical compound O=BOB=O JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000005751 Copper oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000431 copper oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000003841 chloride salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012459 cleaning agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 47
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 11
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000006148 magnetic separator Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 3
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OMOVVBIIQSXZSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [6-(4-acetyloxy-5,9a-dimethyl-2,7-dioxo-4,5a,6,9-tetrahydro-3h-pyrano[3,4-b]oxepin-5-yl)-5-formyloxy-3-(furan-3-yl)-3a-methyl-7-methylidene-1a,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroindeno[1,7a-b]oxiren-4-yl] 2-hydroxy-3-methylpentanoate Chemical compound CC12C(OC(=O)C(O)C(C)CC)C(OC=O)C(C3(C)C(CC(=O)OC4(C)COC(=O)CC43)OC(C)=O)C(=C)C32OC3CC1C=1C=COC=1 OMOVVBIIQSXZSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001388 sodium aluminate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- KLZUFWVZNOTSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-K Aluminum fluoride Inorganic materials F[Al](F)F KLZUFWVZNOTSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910020489 SiO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PTVDYARBVCBHSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Cu] PTVDYARBVCBHSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 1
- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010583 slow cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010183 spectrum analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/001—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths of specific alloys
- B22D11/004—Copper alloys
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/04—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into open-ended moulds
- B22D11/045—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into open-ended moulds for horizontal casting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/06—Making non-ferrous alloys with the use of special agents for refining or deoxidising
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
- C22C9/04—Alloys based on copper with zinc as the next major constituent
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for producing a free-cutting lead brass continuous casting rod by using scrap copper, wherein the lead brass continuous casting rod comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 55.0-62.0 wt%, Pb: 0.2-4.0 wt%, Fe is less than or equal to 0.6 wt%, Al is less than or equal to 0.4 wt%, and the balance of Zn and inevitable impurities; the preparation method is characterized by comprising the following steps: sorting scrap copper → melting → refining for impurity removal → horizontal continuous casting. The invention utilizes the scrap copper to produce the continuous casting lead brass bar, controls the contents of harmful impurity elements Fe and Al which mainly affect the cutting performance of the continuous casting lead brass bar, and adds the special refining agent for removing Fe and Al, so that the contents of the impurity elements Fe and Al in the alloy can be controlled within a limited range, thereby controlling the size of a hard phase (a second phase) formed by the harmful impurity elements and improving the cutting performance of the continuous casting lead brass bar.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of copper alloy, and particularly relates to a method for producing a free-cutting lead brass continuous casting rod by using scrap copper.
Background
The lead brass is a copper alloy which is the most widely used in the market, and lead brass bars are mainly divided into extrusion bars and continuous casting bars, and the extrusion bars are generally used in the fields with higher requirements on material performance, such as electrical connectors, wiring terminals, airtight components, high-speed lathe free machining materials and the like, so that the requirements on the control range of chemical components are higher, and particularly the control on the content of harmful impurity elements such as Al, Fe, Si and the like is stricter.
The continuous casting rod is mainly used for valves, bathrooms, locks and the like, the control range of chemical components is wide, and the low cost of the continuous casting lead brass rod is the premise that the continuous casting lead brass rod is widely applied, so that most of the continuous casting lead brass rods are produced by using recovered scrap copper, the components of the recovered scrap copper in the market are complex and often contain various harmful impurity elements, and the impurity elements enter the continuous casting rod product during smelting to generate negative influence on the processing and use of the product.
The lead brass continuous casting rod produced by scrap copper is difficult to cut and process when being used by customers, particularly large-specification rods with the specification of phi 30mm or more, and mainly shows that the rod has large cutting resistance, large heat productivity, large cutter abrasion and serious cutter breakage. By carrying out composition tests on the copper rod with the problems, the chemical composition of the copper rod is high in Fe and Al elements. After the hard-to-cut continuous casting rod is sliced and polished and is corroded by a ferric trichloride + ethanol solution, the alpha phase is found to be coarse and blocky or lath-shaped and distributed in a beta phase matrix, and in addition, some special-shaped phases, such as flower-shaped phases and fishbone-shaped phases, appear, and the energy spectrum analysis shows that the special-shaped phases are usually composed of elements such as Fe, Al and the like, but the special-shaped phases cannot be seen in the easy-to-cut continuous casting rod.
Through the analysis, the control of the impurity content such as Fe and Al is the key for improving the machinability of the lead brass continuous casting rod.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a method for producing a free-cutting lead brass continuous casting rod by using scrap copper with low Fe and Al contents.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: a method for producing a free-cutting lead brass continuous casting rod by using scrap copper comprises the following steps: 55.0-62.0 wt%, Pb: 0.2-4.0 wt%, Fe is less than or equal to 0.6 wt%, Al is less than or equal to 0.4 wt%, and the balance of Zn and inevitable impurities; the preparation method is characterized by comprising the following steps: sorting scrap copper → melting → impurity removal and refining → horizontal continuous casting, wherein the melting process comprises the steps of adding the sorted scrap copper into a smelting furnace, adding a zinc ingot after melting to adjust the alloy components, adding a slag cleaning agent after the components meet the requirements, increasing the temperature to 1030-1060 ℃, spraying zinc and then fishing slag; the impurity removal refining process is characterized in that a refining agent is added, and the refining agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 20-40 wt% of copper oxide, 10-35 wt% of boric anhydride, 10-25 wt% of sodium carbonate, 5-10 wt% of sodium aluminum fluoride and the balance of chloride, uniformly spraying a refining agent on the surface of the molten copper, stirring to fully mix the refining agent with the molten copper in the furnace, and then fishing out the floating slag.
The solubility of Fe in Cu decreases with decreasing temperature, and at 1050 ℃, the solubility of Fe in Cu can reach 3.5%, and at 635 ℃ the solubility is only 0.15%, so that Fe exists in Cu matrix basically as Fe particles or as compounds with other impurity elements at normal temperature. Fe as an impurity has no obvious influence on the mechanical property of the brass, but has the function of refining grains, and when the Fe exceeds 0.6 percent in the lead brass, the Fe is easy to react with other impurity elements such as Si, Cr, Al and the like to form a hard phase with a special appearance, so that the cutting property of the continuous casting lead brass is deteriorated.
Although the micro Al has no obvious influence on the mechanical property and the process property of the Cu, the Al has strong solid solution strengthening effect in the Cu, the Al content is further increased to more than 0.4 percent, and the hardness of a copper matrix is obviously improved due to the strong solid solution strengthening effect of the Al, so that the abrasion of a cutter is accelerated during cutting.
When Fe is more than 0.6 percent and Al is more than 0.4 percent in the continuous casting lead brass, Fe and Al elements interact with other small amount of high melting point impurity elements in the copper liquid, such as Mn, Cr, Si and the like to form a hard phase (second phase) with large size and peculiar appearance, so that the cutting performance of the lead brass is deteriorated, but when the content of the elements is low, a fine granular hard phase is formed, and the influence on the cutting performance of a continuous casting rod is small.
Fe. Al is more active than Cu, and the action of copper oxide (CuO) in the refining agent can react with Fe and Al impurity elements in the copper liquid to form Fe and Al oxides which float to the surface of the copper liquid;
boric anhydride (B)2O3) The boron liquid copper alloy can be reduced into simple substance B by Fe and Al, the copper alloy plays a role in removing Fe and Al during smelting to form oxides of Fe and Al, the simple substance B generated by the reaction of the boron anhydride and the Fe and Al is remained in the copper liquid, and the boron liquid copper alloy can be used as a modifier for refining the brass casting structure.
Sodium carbonate (NaCO)3) Reacting with Fe, Al and Si oxides in molten copper to generate Na4SiO3、Na2Al2O4The slag floats to the surface of the copper liquid, and plays a role in removing the oxide of the impurity element suspended in the copper liquid.
Sodium aluminum fluoride (Na)3AlF6) Reacting with Al oxide in molten copper to generate AlF3Gas evolution and Na2Al2O4Floating to the surface of the copper liquid to achieve the purpose of reducing the aluminum content.
The chloride salt such as sodium chloride (NaCl) and potassium chloride (KCl) has strong infiltration capacity on oxides generated by impurities such as aluminum, iron, silicon and the like in the copper water, can adsorb the oxides in the copper liquid, and is convenient for slag removal.
Preferably, the addition amount of the refining agent accounts for 0.1-0.3 wt% of the total mass of the molten copper.
Preferably, the chloride salt is sodium chloride and/or potassium chloride.
Preferably, in the horizontal continuous casting process, the copper liquid is horizontally and continuously led out from the heat preservation furnace through a crystallizer, the casting temperature is 1020-1050 ℃, the specification of a continuous casting rod is phi 10-80 mm, and the traction speed is as follows: 100 to 600 r/min.
Preferably, for
After the copper rod is led out of the crystallizer, the surface temperature of a rod blank at a position 5-15 cm away from the outlet end of the crystallizer is controlled to be less than or equal to 550 ℃. With the object of reducing the proportion of beta-phase, lead brassThe matrix structure of the casting rod consists of an alpha phase and a beta phase, wherein the alpha phase is soft, the beta phase is hard, and when the proportion of the beta phase exceeds 70%, the continuous casting lead brass rod is difficult to cut, which shows that the heating quantity is high during cutting and a cutter is quickly worn.
Preferably, secondary cooling water is sprayed at a position 10-20 cm away from the outlet end of the crystallizer, the pressure of the secondary cooling water is 0.1-0.8 Mpa, and the water inlet temperature is as follows: 20-35 ℃, cooling water flow: 2 to 10L/S. Due to the fact that
After the continuous casting rod with the specification is led out from the crystallizer, the surface temperature is high, in the process of slow cooling, the alpha phase is firstly separated out from the beta phase matrix in a needle shape and gradually grows into blocks or laths which are randomly distributed in the beta 0 phase matrix, the size of the alpha phase is 200-900 mu m, the structure is extremely uneven, chips are not easily broken when the alpha phase is distributed in blocks or strips and is cut, and cutter abrasion is easily accelerated by the large beta phase. The secondary cooling water is sprayed to change the alpha phase morphology in the continuous casting bar structure, the alpha phase morphology is changed into a needle shape from a block shape and a strip shape, the alpha phase size is obviously refined, the average size is reduced to 10-30 mu m, and the microstructure morphology of fine alpha phase uniformly distributed in a beta phase matrix is beneficial to cutting of continuous casting lead brass.
Preferably, the lead brass continuous casting rod has a matrix phase and a second phase, wherein the matrix phase is composed of an alpha phase and a beta phase, and the area content of the beta phase is 70% or less.
Preferably, the alpha phase is needle-shaped, and the average size of the alpha phase is 10 to 30 μm.
Preferably, the average size of the second phase particles is 10 μm or less. The second phase is a flower-shaped and fishbone-shaped hard phase rich in Fe, Si, Cr, Al, Mn and other elements.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: the invention utilizes the scrap copper to produce the continuous casting lead brass rod, and controls the contents of harmful impurity elements Fe and Al which mainly affect the cutting performance of the continuous casting lead brass rod, wherein Fe is not more than 0.6wt percent, and Al is not more than 0.4wt percent. The scrap copper is used after being sorted, so that iron and aluminum waste materials are prevented from being mixed into a smelting furnace; when the alloy is smelted, a special refining agent for removing Fe and Al is added, so that the content of Fe and Al impurity elements in the alloy can be controlled within a limited range, the size of a hard phase (a second phase) formed by harmful impurity elements is controlled, and the cutting performance of the continuous casting lead brass rod is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a metallographic structure photograph (200X) of example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a metallographic structure photograph (200X) of a comparative example of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying examples.
The invention provides 3 examples and 2 comparative examples, the specific components are shown in table 1.
Example 1:
the production method for producing the free-cutting lead brass continuous casting rod by utilizing scrap copper comprises the following steps: the specification is phi 40 mm.
1) Sorting scrap copper: the waste scrap copper recycling device mainly comprises a shredder, a crusher, an airflow screening machine, a magnetic separator and the like, wherein the shredder tears waste scrap copper of different shapes into crushed materials by utilizing a knife roll, then the crushed materials are conveyed to the crusher through a conveyor belt, the crusher crushes large waste materials into small blocks, finally the crushed materials are conveyed to the airflow screening machine to screen out aluminum waste materials with plastic and density being lighter than copper, and finally the iron waste materials are sorted out through the magnetic separator. Most of the aluminum and iron waste materials are separated by a separator, and the separated scrap copper is put into a smelting furnace for smelting, so that the content of Fe and Al is reduced.
2) Melting: and adding the sorted scrap copper into a power frequency induction smelting furnace, melting, adding a zinc ingot to adjust alloy components, adding a slag remover after the components meet requirements, raising the temperature to 1030-1060 ℃, spraying zinc, and fishing slag.
3) Impurity removal and refining: adding a refining agent, wherein the adding amount accounts for 0.13 wt% of the total mass of the molten copper, and the mass percentage of the refining agent is as follows: 30 wt% of copper oxide, 25 wt% of boric anhydride, 25 wt% of sodium carbonate, 5 wt% of sodium aluminum fluoride and the balance of sodium chloride and potassium chloride, uniformly spraying a refining agent on the surface of the copper liquid, stirring to fully mix the refining agent with the copper liquid in the furnace, and fishing out the floating slag.
4) Horizontal continuous casting: pouring the copper liquid into a power frequency heat preservation furnace, horizontally and continuously leading out the copper liquid from the heat preservation furnace through a crystallizer, wherein the casting temperature is 1025-1035 ℃, the specification of a continuous casting rod is phi 40mm, and the traction speed is as follows: 340r/min, after the copper bar is led out of the crystallizer, controlling the surface temperature range of the bar billet at a position 10cm away from the outlet end of the crystallizer to be 480-510 ℃, spraying secondary cooling water at a position 20cm away from the outlet end of the crystallizer, wherein the pressure of the secondary cooling water is 0.4MPa, and the water inlet temperature is as follows: 25-30 ℃, cooling water flow: 6.4L/S.
Example 2:
the production method for producing the free-cutting lead brass continuous casting rod by utilizing scrap copper comprises the following steps: the specification is phi 48 mm.
1) Sorting scrap copper: the waste scrap copper recycling device mainly comprises a shredder, a crusher, an airflow screening machine, a magnetic separator and the like, wherein the shredder tears waste scrap copper of different shapes into crushed materials by utilizing a knife roll, then the crushed materials are conveyed to the crusher through a conveyor belt, the crusher crushes large waste materials into small blocks, finally the crushed materials are conveyed to the airflow screening machine to screen out aluminum waste materials with plastic and density being lighter than copper, and finally the iron waste materials are sorted out through the magnetic separator. Most of the aluminum and iron waste materials are separated by a separator, and the separated scrap copper is put into a smelting furnace for smelting, so that the content of Fe and Al is reduced.
2) Melting: and adding the sorted scrap copper into a power frequency induction smelting furnace, melting, adding a zinc ingot to adjust alloy components, adding a slag remover after the components meet requirements, raising the temperature to 1030-1060 ℃, spraying zinc, and fishing slag.
3) Impurity removal and refining: adding a refining agent, wherein the adding amount accounts for 0.22 wt% of the total mass of the molten copper, and the mass percentage of the refining agent is as follows: 35 wt% of copper oxide, 25 wt% of boric anhydride, 20 wt% of sodium carbonate, 10 wt% of sodium aluminum fluoride and the balance of sodium chloride and potassium chloride, uniformly spraying a refining agent on the surface of the copper liquid, stirring to fully mix the refining agent with the copper liquid in the furnace, and fishing out the floating slag.
4) Horizontal continuous casting: pouring the molten copper into a power frequency heat preservation furnace, horizontally and continuously leading out the molten copper from the heat preservation furnace through a crystallizer, wherein the casting temperature is 1020-1030 ℃, the specification of a continuous casting rod is phi 48mm, and the traction speed is as follows: 320r/min, after the copper bar is led out of the crystallizer, controlling the surface temperature range of the bar billet at a position 10cm away from the outlet end of the crystallizer to be 500-530 ℃, spraying secondary cooling water at a position 20cm away from the outlet end of the crystallizer, wherein the pressure of the secondary cooling water is 0.43MPa, and the water inlet temperature is as follows: cooling water flow at 30-35 ℃: 7.8L/S.
Example 3:
the production method for producing the free-cutting lead brass continuous casting rod by utilizing scrap copper comprises the following steps: the specification is phi 70 mm.
1) Sorting scrap copper: the waste scrap copper recycling device mainly comprises a shredder, a crusher, an airflow screening machine, a magnetic separator and the like, wherein the shredder tears waste scrap copper of different shapes into crushed materials by utilizing a knife roll, then the crushed materials are conveyed to the crusher through a conveyor belt, the crusher crushes large waste materials into small blocks, finally the crushed materials are conveyed to the airflow screening machine to screen out aluminum waste materials with plastic and density being lighter than copper, and finally the iron waste materials are sorted out through the magnetic separator. Most of the aluminum and iron waste materials are separated by a separator, and the separated scrap copper is put into a smelting furnace for smelting, so that the content of Fe and Al is reduced.
2) Melting: and adding the sorted scrap copper into a power frequency induction smelting furnace, melting, adding a zinc ingot to adjust alloy components, adding a slag removing agent after the components meet requirements, increasing the temperature to 1045-1055 ℃, spraying zinc, and then fishing slag.
3) Impurity removal and refining: adding a refining agent, wherein the adding amount accounts for 0.1 wt% of the total mass of the molten copper, and the mass percentage of the refining agent is as follows: 20 wt% of copper oxide, 30 wt% of boric anhydride, 25 wt% of sodium carbonate, 15 wt% of sodium aluminum fluoride and the balance of sodium chloride and potassium chloride, uniformly spraying a refining agent on the surface of molten copper, stirring to fully mix the refining agent with the molten copper in the furnace, and fishing out the floating slag.
4) Horizontal continuous casting: pouring the molten copper into a power frequency heat preservation furnace, horizontally and continuously leading out the molten copper from the heat preservation furnace through a crystallizer, wherein the casting temperature is 1020-1030 ℃, the specification of a continuous casting rod is phi 70mm, and the traction speed is as follows: 200r/min, after the copper rod is led out of the crystallizer, controlling the surface temperature range of the rod blank at a position 10cm away from the outlet end of the crystallizer to be 510-540 ℃, spraying secondary cooling water at a position 20cm away from the outlet end of the crystallizer, wherein the pressure of the secondary cooling water is 0.45Mpa, and the water inlet temperature is as follows: cooling water flow at 30-35 ℃: 9.2L/S.
Comparative example 1 differs from example 1 in that: the temperature of the surface of the bar billet which is not subjected to impurity removal and refining steps and is 10cm away from the outlet end of the crystallizer is above 550 ℃, and secondary cooling water is not added at the position 20cm away from the outlet end of the crystallizer.
The microstructure and cutting performance were examined for the 3 examples and comparative examples obtained.
And (3) detecting the microstructure: the beta phase ratio is measured according to the method specified in the 4.6 th item (image analyzer measuring method) in GB/T15749-2008 (quantitative metallographic measuring method); the sizes of the alpha phase and the second phase were measured according to the method specified in item 4.3.3 (grid cut line method) of GB/T15749-2008 (quantitative metallographic measurement method).
And (3) testing the cutting performance: reflected by the copper chip morphology: collecting copper scraps when the copper bar is turned on a lathe, wherein the turning conditions are as follows: rotating speed of the lathe: 1500r/min, cutting depth: 1.5mm, the cutting performance is better and worse through the comparison of the appearance of copper scraps, and the more finely crushed copper scraps show that the cutting performance is better.
TABLE 1 chemical compositions of inventive and comparative examples
TABLE 2 microstructure and cutting performance of examples of the present invention and comparative examples
Claims (9)
1. A method for producing a free-cutting lead brass continuous casting rod by using scrap copper comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 55.0-62.0 wt%, Pb: 0.2-4.0 wt%, Fe is less than or equal to 0.6 wt%, Al is less than or equal to 0.4 wt%, and the balance of Zn and inevitable impurities; the preparation method is characterized in that the preparation of the lead brass continuous casting rod comprises the following process flows: sorting scrap copper → melting → impurity removal and refining → horizontal continuous casting, wherein the melting process comprises the steps of adding the sorted scrap copper into a smelting furnace, adding a zinc ingot after melting to adjust the alloy components, adding a slag cleaning agent after the components meet the requirements, increasing the temperature to 1030-1060 ℃, spraying zinc and then fishing slag; the impurity removal refining process is characterized in that a refining agent is added, and the refining agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 20-40 wt% of copper oxide, 10-35 wt% of boric anhydride, 10-25 wt% of sodium carbonate, 5-10 wt% of sodium aluminum fluoride and the balance of chloride, uniformly spraying a refining agent on the surface of the molten copper, stirring to fully mix the refining agent with the molten copper in the furnace, and then fishing out the floating slag.
2. The method for producing the free-cutting lead brass continuous casting rod by using scrap copper according to claim 1, wherein: the adding amount of the refining agent accounts for 0.1-0.3 wt% of the total mass of the copper liquid.
3. The method for producing the free-cutting lead brass continuous casting rod by using the scrap copper according to claim 1, characterized in that: the chloride salt is sodium chloride and/or potassium chloride.
4. The method for producing the free-cutting lead brass continuous casting rod by using scrap copper according to claim 1, wherein: the horizontal continuous casting process is characterized in that copper liquid is horizontally and continuously led out from a heat preservation furnace through a crystallizer, the casting temperature is 1020-1050 ℃, the specification of a continuous casting rod is phi 10-80 mm, and the drawing speed is as follows: 100 to 600 r/min.
5. The method for producing the free-cutting lead brass continuous casting rod by using scrap copper according to claim 4, wherein: for the
After the copper rod is led out from the crystallizer, the distance between the copper rod and the outlet end of the crystallizer is controlled to be 5 to longThe surface temperature of the bar blank at the position of 15cm is less than or equal to 550 ℃.
6. The method for producing the free-cutting lead brass continuous casting rod by using scrap copper according to claim 5, wherein: spraying secondary cooling water at a position 10-20 cm away from the outlet end of the crystallizer, wherein the pressure of the secondary cooling water is 0.1-0.8 Mpa, and the water inlet temperature is as follows: 20-35 ℃, cooling water flow: 2 to 10L/S.
7. The method for producing a free-cutting lead brass continuous casting bar using scrap copper according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein: the lead brass continuous casting rod comprises a matrix phase and a second phase, wherein the matrix phase consists of an alpha phase and a beta phase, and the area content of the beta phase is less than 70%.
8. The method for producing the free-cutting lead brass continuous casting rod by using scrap copper according to claim 7, wherein: the alpha phase is needle-shaped, and the average size of the alpha phase is 10-30 mu m.
9. The method for producing the free-cutting lead brass continuous casting rod by using the scrap copper according to claim 7, characterized in that: the average size of the second phase particles is below 10 mu m.
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| CN115354188A (en) * | 2022-08-26 | 2022-11-18 | 宁波金田铜业(集团)股份有限公司 | Easily-welded brass and preparation method thereof |
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| CN107299247A (en) * | 2017-05-17 | 2017-10-27 | 宁波长振铜业有限公司 | A kind of copper alloy and method for producing complicated abnormal shape end face bar |
| CN111455200A (en) * | 2020-04-16 | 2020-07-28 | 宁波金田铜业(集团)股份有限公司 | Preparation method for directly producing copper ingot for environment-friendly bath by using scrap copper |
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| CN107299247A (en) * | 2017-05-17 | 2017-10-27 | 宁波长振铜业有限公司 | A kind of copper alloy and method for producing complicated abnormal shape end face bar |
| CN111455200A (en) * | 2020-04-16 | 2020-07-28 | 宁波金田铜业(集团)股份有限公司 | Preparation method for directly producing copper ingot for environment-friendly bath by using scrap copper |
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Cited By (2)
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| CN115354188A (en) * | 2022-08-26 | 2022-11-18 | 宁波金田铜业(集团)股份有限公司 | Easily-welded brass and preparation method thereof |
| CN115354188B (en) * | 2022-08-26 | 2023-09-15 | 宁波金田铜业(集团)股份有限公司 | Easily-welded brass and preparation method thereof |
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