CN115353080B - Cadmium telluride synthesizing method - Google Patents
Cadmium telluride synthesizing method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Provided is a cadmium telluride synthesizing method, comprising the steps of: mixing tellurium powder and cadmium powder to form mixed powder; the mixed powder is flatly paved and filled into a quartz tube which is horizontally placed; placing the quartz tube with the completed charge into a tube sealing furnace horizontally, and vacuumizing and sealing the tube; placing the quartz tube subjected to tube sealing into a swinging furnace in a horizontal manner, wherein mixed powder in the quartz tube is not moved, and the swinging furnace body is kept to be horizontally placed, the swinging furnace is provided with a plurality of heating areas which are sequentially arranged along a single direction, and the range of the mixed powder, which is distributed along the axial direction of the quartz tube, transversely spans across the plurality of heating areas along the horizontal direction; the heating areas are heated and insulated in continuous multiple sections from the same time, but are not synchronous; when the temperature rise and heat preservation process is carried out in the middle of the last section, a plurality of heating areas of the swinging furnace and the quartz tube are rotated from horizontal to vertical, the tube sealing part of the quartz tube is positioned above, and the residual time of the last section of temperature rise and heat preservation is completed; and cooling and discharging, and taking out the synthesized cadmium telluride product.
Description
Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to the field of material preparation, and more particularly to a method for synthesizing cadmium telluride.
Background
Cadmium telluride is a compound semiconductor material, the energy gap value of the cadmium telluride is 1.45eV, and the cadmium telluride is a direct energy gap, is in an ideal solar cell energy gap range, and has good photoelectric conversion efficiency. The cadmium telluride thin film solar cell has low manufacturing cost and high efficiency, is suitable for large-scale industrialization, and is also used for manufacturing infrared modulators, hgCdTe substrates, infrared window electroluminescent devices, photocells, infrared detection, X-ray detection and the like. At present, the method for synthesizing cadmium telluride is various, and mainly adopts tellurium powder and cadmium powder to be mixed and synthesized. The patent CN103818886B discloses a preparation method of cadmium telluride, which comprises the steps of homogenizing tellurium powder and cadmium powder according to a molar ratio of 1:1, placing the mixture into a graphite boat, placing the graphite boat into a synthesis furnace, discharging air, and heating the mixture for one-time synthesis in three stages; also, patent CN103420346B discloses a preparation method of cadmium telluride, which comprises mixing tellurium powder and cadmium powder according to a molar ratio of 1:1, placing into a graphite boat, placing into a quartz tube in a synthesis furnace, discharging air, and heating for one-time synthesis in three stages; because tellurium powder and cadmium powder react vigorously and even can cause splash, the cadmium telluride is wasted, and the product yield is low.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the problems in the background art, an object of the present disclosure is to provide a method for synthesizing cadmium telluride, which can improve the product yield of the synthesized cadmium telluride.
Thus, in some embodiments, a cadmium telluride synthesis method includes the steps of: mixing tellurium powder and cadmium powder to form mixed powder; loading, namely flatly paving the mixed powder into a quartz tube which is horizontally placed; sealing the tube, namely horizontally placing the filled quartz tube into a tube sealing furnace, vacuumizing the quartz tube, sealing the tube, keeping the quartz tube horizontal in the tube sealing process, and avoiding the movement of mixed powder in the quartz tube; charging, namely placing the quartz tube subjected to tube sealing into a swinging furnace in a manner of keeping the quartz tube horizontal and the mixed powder in the quartz tube is not moved, keeping the furnace body of the swinging furnace horizontally, wherein the swinging furnace is provided with a plurality of heating areas which are sequentially arranged along a single direction, and a range of the axial distribution of the mixed powder in the quartz tube horizontally placed in a flat manner spans across the plurality of heating areas of the swinging furnace which are sequentially arranged along the single direction along the horizontal direction; heating and preserving heat, wherein a plurality of heating areas are continuously heated and preserved in multiple sections from the same moment, but the heating and preserving heat of the plurality of heating areas are asynchronous; swinging, namely rotating a plurality of heating areas of the swinging furnace and the quartz tube from horizontal to vertical when the temperature rising and preserving process is carried out to the middle of the last section, keeping the plurality of heating areas of the swinging furnace and the quartz tube in a vertical state, wherein in the vertical state, the tube sealing part of the quartz tube is positioned above, and the plurality of heating areas complete the residual time of the last section of temperature rising and preserving; and cooling, discharging, taking out the quartz tube after the furnace temperature is reduced to room temperature, crushing, taking out the synthesized cadmium telluride product, weighing and sealing for preservation.
In some embodiments, in the compounding step, the tellurium powder and the cadmium powder have particle sizes of less than 120 μm.
In some embodiments, in the compounding step, the tellurium powder and the cadmium powder are 5N in purity.
In some embodiments, in the compounding step, the molar ratio of tellurium powder to cadmium powder is 1:1.
In some embodiments, in the compounding step, the tellurium powder and the cadmium powder are homogeneously mixed on a homogenizer for 30 minutes.
In some embodiments, in the tube sealing step, a vacuum is pulled to 2.0X10 -2 Pa。
In some embodiments, in the step of heating and preserving, the multi-stage heating and preserving is three-stage heating and preserving, the first-stage heating and preserving reaches the vicinity of the melting point of cadmium, the second-stage heating and preserving reaches the vicinity of the melting point of tellurium, the third-stage heating and preserving reaches the vicinity of the melting point of cadmium telluride, and the three-stage heating and preserving of each heating zone are continuously performed; in the first stage of heating and preserving heat, the heating areas are heated from room temperature to a first temperature from the same moment, the heating areas are preserved for different time at the first temperature, and in the second stage of heating and preserving heat and the third stage of heating, the heating areas are heated for the same time.
In some embodiments, in the first stage of warming and insulating, the plurality of heating zones are warmed for 30min, the target temperature is 300 ℃, and the plurality of heating zones are insulated for different times at 300 ℃ and are close to 60min; in the second stage of heating and preserving heat, the heating time of the heating areas is 30min, the target temperature is 500 ℃, and the heating areas are preserved for 120min at 500 ℃; in the third stage of heating and preserving heat, the heating time of the heating areas is 60min, the target temperature is 1100 ℃, and the heating areas are preserved for 180min at 1100 ℃.
In some embodiments, in the swinging step, after the heating areas in the third section of heating and preserving heat are preserved for 30min at 1100 ℃, the heating areas of the swinging furnace are rotated from horizontal to vertical along with the quartz tube, in the vertical state, the tube sealing part of the quartz tube is positioned above, and the heating areas complete the remaining 150min in the third section of heating and preserving heat.
In some embodiments, the plurality of heating zones is three heating zones, the three heating zones are arranged in sequence from left to right when in a horizontal posture, and the three heating zones from left to back when in the horizontal posture are respectively incubated at 300 ℃ for 60min, 65min, 70min.
The beneficial effects of the present disclosure are as follows: in the cadmium telluride synthesis method, in the mixing step, the raw materials of tellurium and cadmium are all powder, so that the reaction is complete, and the stoichiometric ratio is more accurate; in the heating and heat preserving step, under the posture that the quartz tube is horizontally placed, the heating and heat preserving of a plurality of heating areas are asynchronous, the control reaction is orderly carried out, the sputtering of tellurium, cadmium and even synthetic cadmium telluride caused by too severe chain reaction of tellurium and cadmium is reduced, and the improvement of the product yield of the cadmium telluride is facilitated; the multiple heating zones perform synthesis of cadmium telluride in a horizontal posture, and melt homogenization in a vertical posture, avoiding the risk of synthesizing a cracking tube (i.e. breaking of a quartz tube) only in the vertical posture. In addition, compared with the technology of the prior art adopting a graphite boat and a tube-sealed quartz tube, the cadmium telluride synthesis method only adopts the tube-sealed quartz tube, so that the use of the graphite boat is eliminated, and the components used for synthesis are reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the relevant operation of a cadmium telluride synthesis method according to the present disclosure.
Wherein reference numerals are as follows:
1 mixed powder 5 heat insulation material
2 quartz tube 6 heating zone one
Heating area two of 3 quartz sealing bubble 7
W weld zone 8 heating zone III
4 thermal insulation cotton 9 cadmium telluride
Detailed Description
[ method for synthesizing cadmium telluride ]
Referring to FIG. 1, the cadmium telluride synthesis method includes the steps of: mixing tellurium powder and cadmium powder to form mixed powder; loading, namely flatly paving the mixed powder into a quartz tube 2 which is horizontally placed; sealing the tube, namely placing the filled quartz tube 2 into a tube sealing furnace horizontally, vacuumizing the quartz tube 2, sealing the tube, keeping the quartz tube 2 horizontal in the tube sealing process, and avoiding the movement of mixed powder in the quartz tube 2; charging, namely placing the quartz tube 2 subjected to tube sealing into a swinging furnace in a manner of keeping the level and the mixed powder in the quartz tube not moving, keeping the furnace body of the swinging furnace horizontally, wherein the swinging furnace is provided with a plurality of heating areas which are sequentially arranged along a single direction, and a plurality of heating areas which are sequentially arranged along the single direction and transversely across the swinging furnace along the horizontal direction are tiled in the range of the axial distribution of the mixed powder in the quartz tube 2 placed horizontally along the quartz tube 2; the heating and heat preservation, wherein the heating and heat preservation of the heating areas are all performed in continuous multiple sections from the same moment (continuous means that the heating and heat preservation of the first section is finished and then the second section is performed, the heating and heat preservation of the second section is finished and then the third heating and heat preservation is performed, and so on, and no interruption exists in time) but the heating and heat preservation of the heating areas are asynchronous; swinging, namely rotating a plurality of heating areas of the swinging furnace and the quartz tube 2 from horizontal to vertical when the temperature rising and preserving process is carried out to the middle of the last section, keeping the plurality of heating areas of the swinging furnace and the quartz tube 2 in a vertical state, wherein in the vertical state, the tube sealing part of the quartz tube is positioned above, and the plurality of heating areas complete the residual time of the last section of temperature rising and preserving; and cooling, discharging, taking out the quartz tube after the furnace temperature is reduced to room temperature, crushing, taking out the synthesized cadmium telluride product, weighing and sealing for preservation.
In fig. 1, the mixed powder is denoted by reference numeral 1, the sealing tube is vacuum-welded together by vacuum-welding a welding part by spraying and softening the welding part by using an external oxyhydrogen flame under the negative pressure formed by vacuumizing a quartz sealing bulb 3 and a quartz tube 2, the welding area is denoted by reference numeral W, a plurality of heating areas are illustrated by three heating areas as examples, 6 represents a heating area I, 7 represents a heating area II, and 8 represents a heating area III. In order to enhance the heat preservation effect, heat preservation cotton 4 is arranged at two ends of the quartz tube 2, and heat preservation materials 5 are arranged at two ends of the heating areas, and the heat preservation materials 5 and the heat preservation cotton 4 are connected together. Each heating zone is entirely annular, i.e. surrounds a portion of the quartz tube 2 entirely around the axis of the quartz tube 2.
In the cadmium telluride synthesis method, in the mixing step, the raw materials of tellurium and cadmium are all powder, so that the reaction is complete, and the stoichiometric ratio is more accurate; in the heating and heat preservation step, under the posture that the quartz tube 2 is horizontally placed, the heating and heat preservation of a plurality of heating areas are asynchronous, the control reaction is orderly carried out, the sputtering of tellurium, cadmium and even synthetic cadmium telluride caused by too severe chain reaction of tellurium and cadmium is reduced, and the improvement of the product yield of the cadmium telluride is facilitated; the multiple heating zones perform synthesis of cadmium telluride in a horizontal posture, melt homogenization in a vertical posture, avoiding the risk of synthesizing a split tube (i.e. cracking of the quartz tube 2) only in a vertical posture. In addition, compared with the technology of the prior art adopting a graphite boat and a tube-sealed quartz tube, the cadmium telluride synthesis method only adopts the tube-sealed quartz tube, so that the use of the graphite boat is eliminated, and the components used for synthesis are reduced.
In the mixing step, the grain sizes of tellurium powder and cadmium powder are smaller than 120 mu m, so that the reaction of tellurium and cadmium is complete.
In the mixing step, the purities of the tellurium powder and the cadmium powder are 5N, which is beneficial to ensuring the purity of the synthesized cadmium telluride.
In the mixing step, the molar ratio of tellurium powder to cadmium powder is 1:1, so that the synthesized cadmium telluride is accurately controlled.
In the mixing step, tellurium powder and cadmium powder are subjected to homogenization mixing on a homogenizer for 30min.
In the tube sealing step, the vacuum is pumped to 2.0X10 -2 Pa。
In the heating and heat preserving step, multi-section heating and heat preserving is continuous three-section heating and heat preserving, wherein the first section heating and heat preserving reaches the vicinity of the melting point of cadmium, the second section heating and heat preserving reaches the vicinity of the melting point of tellurium, the third section heating and heat preserving reaches the vicinity of the melting point of cadmium telluride, and the three sections heating and heat preserving of each heating zone are continuously carried out; in the first stage of heating and heat preservation, the plurality of heating areas heat up from room temperature to a first temperature, the plurality of heating areas heat-preserve for different time at the first temperature, and in the second stage of heating and the third stage of heating, the heating time of the plurality of heating areas heat-preserve for the same time. More specifically, in the first stage of heating and preserving heat, the heating time of the plurality of heating zones is 30min, the target temperature is 300 ℃, and the plurality of heating zones are preserved at 300 ℃ for different times and are close to 60min; in the second stage of heating and preserving heat, the heating time of the heating areas is 30min, the target temperature is 500 ℃, and the heating areas are preserved for 120min at 500 ℃; in the third stage of heating and preserving heat, the heating time of the heating areas is 60min, the target temperature is 1100 ℃, and the heating areas are preserved for 180min at 1100 ℃. Further, in the swinging step, after the heating areas in the third section of heating and preserving heat are preserved for 30min at 1100 ℃, the heating areas of the swinging furnace and the quartz tube are rotated from horizontal (namely, the quartz tube is kept in a horizontal posture all the time before swinging) to vertical, in the vertical state, the tube sealing part of the quartz tube is positioned above, and the heating areas complete the rest 150min in the third section of heating and preserving heat.
As shown in the figure, the plurality of heating areas are three heating areas, the three heating areas are sequentially arranged from left to right in the horizontal posture, and the three heating areas from left to back in the horizontal posture are respectively insulated for 60min, 65min and 70min at 300 ℃. Of course the number of heating zones is not limited to three and may be more than three. The more the number of heating zones, the more complicated the control, the better the reaction intensity of tellurium and cadmium in the quartz tube 2 in the horizontal posture is controlled, but in order to give consideration to the complexity of the temperature rise and heat preservation process control and the reaction intensity, three heating zones are adopted.
[ test ]
Example 1
The synthesis process of cadmium telluride is (refer to fig. 1 at the same time):
mixing, namely homogenizing and mixing 2126.7g tellurium powder and 1873.3g cadmium powder (total 4kg, molar ratio is 1:1) with the purity of 5N and the particle size of less than 120 mu m for 30min on a homogenizer to form mixed powder;
loading, namely flatly paving the mixed powder into a quartz tube which is horizontally placed;
sealing the tube, horizontally placing the filled quartz tube into a tube sealing furnace, and vacuumizing the quartz tube to 2.0X10- 2 Pa and sealing the tube by using quartz sealing bubbles under oxyhydrogen flame, keeping the quartz tube horizontal in the tube sealing process and avoiding the movement of mixed powder in the quartz tube;
charging, namely, keeping the quartz tube after tube sealing horizontally and placing mixed powder in the quartz tube in a swinging furnace in a non-moving manner, keeping the furnace body of the swinging furnace horizontally, wherein the swinging furnace is provided with three heating areas which are sequentially arranged along a single direction, and the range of the axial distribution of the mixed powder in the quartz tube horizontally placed in a tiling manner spans the three heating areas (namely, a first heating area, a second heating area and a third heating area which are arranged according to figure 1) of the swinging furnace along the single direction;
heating and preserving heat, wherein three heating areas are heated and preserving heat by three sections, in the first section of heating and preserving heat, a quartz tube is in a horizontal posture, the heating time of the three heating areas is 30min, the target temperature is 300 ℃, and the heating areas I, II and III are respectively preserved for 60min, 65min and 70min at 300 ℃; in the second stage of heating and heat preservation, the quartz tube is in a horizontal posture, the heating time is 30min, the target temperature is 500 ℃, and the three heating areas are kept at 500 ℃ for 120min; in the third section of heating and preserving heat, the quartz tube is in a horizontal posture, the heating time is 60min, the target temperature is 1100 ℃, and the three heating areas are preserved for 30min at 1100 ℃ (namely, the third section of heating and preserving heat is not finished yet but is in the middle); in other words, the heating zone is first kept at 300 ℃ for 30min from room temperature to 300 ℃ and then kept at 300 ℃ for 60min (i.e. the first stage is heated and kept at), then the heating zone is first kept at 500 ℃ for 30min and then kept at 500 ℃ for 120min (i.e. the second stage is heated and kept at 500 ℃, then the heating zone is first kept at 1100 ℃ for 60min and then kept at 1100 ℃ for 30min (i.e. the middle of the third stage is heated and kept at 1100); heating the second heating zone and the first heating zone from the same moment, wherein the second heating zone reaches 300 ℃ from room temperature for 30min, then keeps the temperature at 300 ℃ for 65min (namely, the first section of heating and heat preservation), then keeps the temperature at 500 ℃ for 30min, then keeps the temperature at 500 ℃ for 120min (namely, the second section of heating and heat preservation), and then keeps the temperature at 1100 ℃ for 60min, then keeps the temperature at 1100 ℃ for 30min (namely, the middle of the third section of heating and heat preservation); heating the third heating zone and the first heating zone and the second heating zone from the same moment, wherein the second heating zone reaches 300 ℃ from room temperature for 30min, then keeps warm at 300 ℃ for 70min (namely, the first section is used for heating up and keeping warm), then the first heating zone reaches 500 ℃ for 30min, then keeps warm at 500 ℃ for 120min (namely, the second section is used for heating up and keeping warm), and then the first heating zone reaches 1100 ℃ for 60min, and then keeps warm at 1100 ℃ for 30min (namely, the middle of the third section is used for heating up and keeping warm). That is, the first, second and third heating zones become asynchronous at the start time of the second heating and maintaining the temperature by the inconsistent maintaining time in the first heating and maintaining stage.
Swinging, wherein after the three heating areas in the third section of heating and preserving heat are preserved for 30min at 1100 ℃, the three heating areas of the swinging furnace and the quartz tube are rotated from horizontal to vertical, a plurality of heating areas of the swinging furnace and the quartz tube are kept in a vertical state, and in the vertical state, the tube sealing part of the quartz tube is positioned above, and the three heating areas complete the remaining time of the third section of heating and preserving heat for 150min (namely complete the whole third section of heating and preserving heat);
and cooling, discharging, taking out the quartz tube after the furnace temperature is reduced to room temperature, crushing, taking out the synthesized cadmium telluride product, weighing and sealing for preservation. The weight of the obtained cadmium telluride product is 3927.2g, and the product yield is 98.18%.
Example 2
The procedure of example 1 was repeated except that 2658.3g of tellurium powder and 2341.7g of cadmium powder (total of 5 kg) were used in the step of mixing.
The weight of the obtained cadmium telluride product is 4916.5g, and the product yield is 98.33%.
Example 3
The procedure was as in example 1, except that in the heating and insulating step, the first heating zone, the second heating zone, and the third heating zone were heated and insulated for 65min, 60min, and 70min at 300 ℃ in the first heating and insulating stage (i.e., the second heating zone in the middle in the horizontal posture first ended the first heating and insulating stage and performed the second heating and insulating stage).
The weight of the obtained cadmium telluride product is 3865.2g, and the product yield is 96.63%.
Comparative example 1
The procedure was as in example 1, except that in the step of warming and insulating, the first, second and third heating zones were each kept at 300℃for 60 minutes in the first stage of warming and insulating. That is, the three sections of heating areas I, II and III are heated and insulated synchronously.
The weight of the obtained cadmium telluride product is 3812.6g, and the product yield is 95.32%. And visually finding that a plurality of materials are stuck to the wall of the quartz tube and the quartz sealing bubble.
Comparative example 2
Mixing, charging, tube sealing and charging are the same as in the embodiment 1, after charging, the three heating areas of the swinging furnace are rotated from horizontal to vertical along with the quartz tube, then three-stage heating and heat preservation of the three heating areas of the embodiment 1 are performed, but yellow smoke is emitted from a furnace mouth in the heat preservation process in the third-stage heating and heat preservation, and the quartz tube is discharged to find the leakage of the broken quartz tube.
Compared with comparative example 1, the product yield can be effectively improved by adopting a synthesis mode of asynchronous heating and heat preservation in examples 1-3. In contrast to comparative example 2, where the materials of tellurium and cadmium are concentrated at the bottom of the quartz tube and reacted at the same time, the high temperature and high pressure are released to cause cracking of the tube, examples 1 to 3 and comparative example 1 do not present the risk of cracking of the quartz tube. The horizontal synthesis mode of asynchronous heating and heat preservation is beneficial to controlling the reaction intensity and reducing the risk of pipe cracking.
Claims (7)
1. A method for synthesizing cadmium telluride, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
mixing tellurium powder and cadmium powder to form mixed powder;
loading, namely flatly paving the mixed powder into a quartz tube which is horizontally placed;
sealing the tube, namely horizontally placing the filled quartz tube into a tube sealing furnace, vacuumizing the quartz tube, sealing the tube, keeping the quartz tube horizontal in the tube sealing process, and avoiding the movement of mixed powder in the quartz tube;
charging, namely placing the quartz tube subjected to tube sealing into a swinging furnace in a manner of keeping the quartz tube horizontal and the mixed powder in the quartz tube is not moved, keeping the furnace body of the swinging furnace horizontally, wherein the swinging furnace is provided with a plurality of heating areas which are sequentially arranged along a single direction, and a range of the axial distribution of the mixed powder in the quartz tube horizontally placed in a flat manner spans across the plurality of heating areas of the swinging furnace which are sequentially arranged along the single direction along the horizontal direction;
heating and preserving heat, wherein a plurality of heating areas are continuously heated and preserved in multiple sections from the same moment, but the heating and preserving heat of the plurality of heating areas are asynchronous;
swinging, namely rotating a plurality of heating areas of the swinging furnace and the quartz tube from horizontal to vertical when the temperature rising and preserving process is carried out to the middle of the last section, keeping the plurality of heating areas of the swinging furnace and the quartz tube in a vertical state, wherein in the vertical state, the tube sealing part of the quartz tube is positioned above, and the plurality of heating areas complete the residual time of the last section of temperature rising and preserving;
cooling, discharging, taking out the quartz tube after the furnace temperature is reduced to room temperature, crushing, taking out the synthesized cadmium telluride product, weighing and sealing for preservation;
the plurality of heating areas are three heating areas which are sequentially arranged from left to right when in a horizontal posture,
in the step of temperature rise and heat preservation,
the multi-section heating and heat preservation is three-section heating and heat preservation, and the three-section heating and heat preservation of each heating area is continuously carried out;
in the first section of heating and preserving heat, the heating time of the three heating areas is 30min, the target temperature is 300 ℃, and the three heating areas are respectively preserved for 60min, 65min and 70min at 300 ℃;
in the second stage of heating and heat preservation, the heating time of the three heating areas is 30min, the target temperature is 500 ℃, and the three heating areas are kept at 500 ℃ for 120min;
in the third section of heating and preserving heat, the heating time of the three heating areas is 60min, the target temperature is 1100 ℃, and the three heating areas are preserved for 180min at 1100 ℃.
2. The method for synthesizing cadmium telluride according to claim 1, wherein,
in the mixing step, the grain sizes of tellurium powder and cadmium powder are smaller than 120 mu m.
3. The method for synthesizing cadmium telluride according to claim 1, wherein,
in the mixing step, the purities of the tellurium powder and the cadmium powder are 5N.
4. The method for synthesizing cadmium telluride according to claim 1, wherein,
in the mixing step, the molar ratio of tellurium powder to cadmium powder is 1:1.
5. The method for synthesizing cadmium telluride according to claim 1, wherein,
in the mixing step, tellurium powder and cadmium powder are subjected to homogenization mixing on a homogenizer for 30min.
6. The method for synthesizing cadmium telluride according to claim 1, wherein,
in the tube sealing step, the vacuum is pumped to 2.0X10 -2 Pa。
7. The method for synthesizing cadmium telluride according to claim 1, wherein,
in the swinging step, after the three heating areas in the third section of heating and preserving heat are preserved for 30min at 1100 ℃, the three heating areas of the swinging furnace and the quartz tube are rotated from horizontal to vertical, and in the vertical state, the tube sealing part of the quartz tube is positioned above, and the three heating areas complete the remaining 150min in the third section of heating and preserving heat.
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