CN115343870A

CN115343870A - Display panel with switchable wide and narrow viewing angles, display device and driving method

Info

Publication number: CN115343870A
Application number: CN202211056238.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 郑会龙; 魏雅
Original assignee: InfoVision Optoelectronics Kunshan Co Ltd
Current assignee: InfoVision Optoelectronics Kunshan Co Ltd
Priority date: 2022-08-31
Filing date: 2022-08-31
Publication date: 2022-11-15

Abstract

The invention discloses a display panel with switchable wide and narrow viewing angles, a display device and a driving method, wherein the display panel comprises a dimming box and a display box which are mutually overlapped; the light modulation box comprises a first substrate, a second substrate and a first liquid crystal layer, wherein the first substrate is provided with a first polaroid, the second substrate is provided with a second polaroid, and a light transmission shaft of the first polaroid is parallel to a light transmission shaft of the second polaroid; the first substrate is provided with a viewing angle control electrode, the second substrate is provided with a plurality of first electrode strips and a plurality of second electrode strips, and the first electrode strips and the second electrode strips are mutually parallel and alternately arranged. In the wide view angle mode, the liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer are in a lying posture, an included angle is formed between the projection of the long axis of the liquid crystal molecules on the second substrate and the transmission axis of the second polarizer, and the transmission axis of the first polarizer and the transmission axis of the second polarizer are matched to be parallel to each other, so that the brightness of a large view angle can be increased, and the wide view angle effect is improved.

Description

Display panel with switchable wide and narrow viewing angles, display device and driving method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of displays, in particular to a display panel with switchable wide and narrow viewing angles, a display device and a driving method.

Background

With the continuous progress of the liquid crystal display technology, the viewing angle of the display has been widened from about 112 ° to over 160 °, and people want to effectively protect business confidentiality and personal privacy while enjoying visual experience brought by a large viewing angle, so as to avoid business loss or embarrassment caused by the leakage of screen information. Therefore, in addition to the requirement of wide viewing angle, in many cases, the display device is required to have the function of switching between wide and narrow viewing angles.

At present mainly take attached tripe shielding film to realize the wide and narrow visual angle and switch on the display screen, when needs peep-proof, utilize tripe shielding film to cover the screen and can reduce the visual angle, but this kind of mode needs additionally to prepare tripe shielding film, can cause very big inconvenience for the user, and a tripe shielding film can only realize a visual angle, in case after attached tripe shielding film, the visual angle just is fixed at narrow visual angle mode, lead to can't freely switch between wide visual angle mode and narrow visual angle mode, and the peep-proof piece can cause the luminance to reduce and influence the display effect.

In the prior art, a dimming box and a display panel are also used to switch between a wide viewing angle and a narrow viewing angle, the display panel is used for normal image display, the dimming box is used to control the viewing angle switching, the dimming box comprises an upper substrate, a lower substrate and a liquid crystal layer between the upper substrate and the lower substrate, and viewing angle control electrodes on the upper substrate and the lower substrate apply a vertical electric field to liquid crystal molecules to deflect liquid crystals in the vertical direction, so as to realize a narrow viewing angle mode. By controlling the voltage on the viewing angle control electrode, switching between a wide viewing angle and a narrow viewing angle can be achieved. This kind of display device need collocation collimation backlight unit or peep-proof membrane to use together usually to have better narrow visual angle effect, however, when promoting narrow visual angle effect, can sacrifice and look sideways at luminance, caused wide visual angle effect not good, influence the display effect at wide visual angle.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to overcome the disadvantages and shortcomings in the prior art, an object of the present invention is to provide a display panel, a display device and a driving method with switchable wide and narrow viewing angles, so as to solve the problem of poor wide viewing angle effect in the prior art.

The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

the invention provides a display panel with switchable wide and narrow visual angles, which comprises a dimming box for controlling the switching of the wide and narrow visual angles and a display box for controlling the display of pictures, wherein the dimming box and the display box are mutually stacked;

the light modulation box comprises a first substrate, a second substrate and a first liquid crystal layer, wherein the second substrate is arranged opposite to the first substrate, the first liquid crystal layer is arranged between the first substrate and the second substrate, a first polaroid is arranged on the first substrate, a second polaroid is arranged on the second substrate, and a transmission axis of the first polaroid is parallel to a transmission axis of the second polaroid;

the first substrate is provided with a viewing angle control electrode on one side facing the first liquid crystal layer, the second substrate is provided with a first electrode and a second electrode which are matched with the viewing angle control electrode on one side facing the first liquid crystal layer, the first electrode comprises a plurality of first electrode strips, the second electrode comprises a plurality of second electrode strips, and the projections of the first electrode strips and the second electrode strips on the second substrate are parallel to each other and are alternately arranged;

in a wide view angle mode, the liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer are in a lying posture, and an included angle is formed between the projection of the long axis of the liquid crystal molecules on the second substrate and the transmission axis of the second polarizer;

in the narrow viewing angle mode, the liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer are in an inclined posture, and the projection of the long axis of the liquid crystal molecules on the second substrate is parallel to the light transmission axis of the second polarizer.

Furthermore, the projection of the alignment direction of the first liquid crystal layer on the second substrate is parallel to the transmission axis of the second polarizer.

Furthermore, the first liquid crystal layer adopts positive liquid crystal molecules, the included angle between the length direction of the first electrode strips and the second electrode strips and the transmission axis of the second polarizer is alpha, and alpha is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 10 degrees.

Furthermore, an included angle is formed between the projection of the alignment direction of the first liquid crystal layer on the second substrate and the transmission axis of the second polarizer.

Furthermore, the first liquid crystal layer adopts positive liquid crystal molecules, and the length directions of the first electrode strips and the second electrode strips are perpendicular to the transmission axis of the second polarizer.

Further, at least one of the following features is included:

the first electrode strips and the second electrode strips are of a zigzag structure or a wave structure;

the first electrode further comprises a first lead wire which electrically connects the plurality of first electrode strips, and the second electrode further comprises a second lead wire which electrically connects the plurality of second electrode strips;

the first electrode and the second electrode are located on the same layer or different layers.

The application also provides a display device with switchable wide and narrow viewing angles, which comprises the display panel.

The present application also provides a driving method of controlling the display panel as described above, the driving method including:

in a wide viewing angle mode, applying a first electric signal to the viewing angle control electrode, applying a second electric signal to the first electrode, and applying a third electric signal to the second electrode to drive liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer to be in a lying posture, wherein an included angle is formed between the projection of the long axis of the liquid crystal molecules on the second substrate and the transmission axis of the second polarizer;

and in a narrow visual angle mode, applying a first electric signal to the visual angle control electrode, applying a fourth electric signal to the first electrode, and applying a fifth electric signal to the second electrode so as to drive liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer to be in an inclined posture, wherein the projection of the long axis of the liquid crystal molecules on the second substrate is parallel to the transmission axis of the second polaroid.

Further, the first liquid crystal layer adopts positive liquid crystal molecules, and in an initial state, the positive liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer are in a lying posture, and the projection of the long axis of the positive liquid crystal molecules on the second substrate is parallel to the transmission axis of the second polarizer;

the first electric signal is a direct current common voltage, the second electric signal and the third electric signal are alternating current voltages fluctuating up and down with the direct current common voltage, the second electric signal and the third electric signal have the same frequency and opposite polarity, and the voltage difference between the second electric signal and the third electric signal is greater than 0 and smaller than a first preset value;

the fourth electric signal and the fifth electric signal are alternating-current voltages which fluctuate up and down by the direct-current public voltage, the frequency and the polarity of the fourth electric signal and the polarity of the fifth electric signal are the same, and the voltage difference between the first electric signal and the voltage difference between the fourth electric signal and the voltage difference between the fifth electric signal are both larger than a second preset value and smaller than a third preset value.

Further, the second electric signal and the third electric signal are square waves, triangular waves, stepped waves and curved waves; and/or the frequency of the second electric signal and the third electric signal is periodically changed.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: the transmission axis of the first polaroid and the transmission axis of the second polaroid are set to be parallel to each other, so that liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer are in a lying posture in a wide view angle mode, and an included angle is formed between the projection of a long axis of the liquid crystal molecules on the second substrate and the transmission axis of the second polaroid, so that the brightness of a large view angle can be increased, and the wide view angle effect is improved; in the narrow viewing angle mode, the liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer are in an inclined posture, and the projection of the long axis of the liquid crystal molecules on the second substrate is parallel to the light transmission axis of the second polarizer, so that the narrow viewing angle effect is basically not influenced.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a display panel in an initial state according to a first embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic top view illustrating a transmission axis of a second polarizer, an alignment direction of a first liquid crystal layer, and electrode bars of a display panel in an initial state according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a display panel with a wide viewing angle according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic top view illustrating a transmission axis of the second polarizer, an alignment direction of the first liquid crystal layer, and electrode bars of the display panel according to the first embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a display panel with a narrow viewing angle according to a first embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic plan view of the first electrode and the second electrode according to the first embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic view illustrating the brightness variation of a display panel with a wide viewing angle according to an embodiment of the present invention and the prior art;

FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the luminance ratio of a display panel according to the first embodiment of the present invention at a wide viewing angle;

FIG. 9a is a schematic view of a display panel with a wide viewing angle in the prior art;

FIG. 9b is a schematic view illustrating a display panel with a wide viewing angle according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 10a is a schematic view of a display panel with a narrow viewing angle in the prior art;

FIG. 10b is a schematic view illustrating a narrow viewing angle of a display panel according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of waveforms applied to a display panel with a wide viewing angle according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of waveforms applied to a display panel with a narrow viewing angle according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 13 is a second schematic diagram of waveforms applied to the display panel at a wide viewing angle according to the first embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 14 is a third schematic diagram of waveforms applied to a display panel with a wide viewing angle according to a first embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 15 is a fourth schematic diagram illustrating waveforms applied to a display panel at a wide viewing angle according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 16 is a fifth exemplary diagram illustrating waveforms applied to a display panel with a wide viewing angle according to one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 17 is a schematic structural diagram of a display panel according to a second embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 18 is a schematic view of a display panel with a narrow viewing angle according to a second embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 19 is a schematic plan view of the first electrode and the second electrode in the second embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 20 is a schematic structural diagram of a display panel with a wide viewing angle according to a third embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 21 is a schematic plan view of a display device according to the present invention;

FIG. 22 is a second schematic plan view of the display device of the present invention.

Detailed Description

To further illustrate the technical means and effects of the present invention adopted to achieve the predetermined objects, the following detailed description will be given of specific embodiments, structures, features and effects of a display panel, a display device and a driving method with switchable wide and narrow viewing angles according to the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments:

[ first embodiment ]

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a display panel in an initial state according to a first embodiment of the invention. Fig. 2 is a schematic top view of a transmissive axis of the second polarizer, an alignment direction of the first liquid crystal layer, and electrode bars of the display panel in an initial state according to an embodiment of the invention. Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a display panel in a wide viewing angle according to an embodiment of the invention. Fig. 4 is a schematic top view of the transmissive axis of the second polarizer, the alignment direction of the first liquid crystal layer, and the electrode bars of the display panel in the first embodiment of the invention at a wide viewing angle. Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a display panel at a narrow viewing angle according to an embodiment of the invention. Fig. 6 is a schematic plan view of the first electrode and the second electrode according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

As shown in fig. 1 to fig. 6, a display panel with switchable wide and narrow viewing angles according to a first embodiment of the present invention includes a dimming box 10 for controlling switching of the wide and narrow viewing angles and a display box 20 for controlling display of a picture, where the dimming box 10 and the display box 20 are stacked on each other. In this embodiment, the light modulation box 10 is disposed above the display box 20, that is, the light modulation box 10 is located on the light emitting side of the display box 20. Of course, the light modulation box 10 can also be disposed below the display box 20, i.e. the light modulation box 10 is located at the light incident side of the display box 20.

The light modulation box 10 includes a first substrate 11, a second substrate 12 disposed opposite to the first substrate 11, and a first liquid crystal layer 13 disposed between the first substrate 11 and the second substrate 12. A first polarizer 31 is disposed on the first substrate 11, a second polarizer 32 is disposed on the second substrate 12, and a transmission axis of the first polarizer 31 is parallel to a transmission axis of the second polarizer 32. The first substrate 11 is provided with a viewing angle control electrode 111 on a side facing the first liquid crystal layer 13, the second substrate 12 is provided with a first electrode 121 and a second electrode 122 on a side facing the first liquid crystal layer 13, the first electrode 121 is matched with the viewing angle control electrode 111, the first electrode 121 comprises a plurality of first electrode stripes 121a, the second electrode 122 comprises a plurality of second electrode stripes 122a, and projections of the first electrode stripes 121a and the second electrode stripes 122a on the second substrate 12 are parallel to each other and are alternately arranged. The deflection of the liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer 13 is controlled by controlling the voltage difference between the viewing angle control electrode 111 and the first electrode 121 and between the viewing angle control electrode 111 and the second electrode 122, thereby realizing the control of the wide and narrow viewing angle switching.

In the wide viewing angle mode, the liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer 13 are in a lying posture, and an included angle is formed between the projection of the long axis of the liquid crystal molecules on the second substrate 12 and the transmission axis of the second polarizer 32; in the narrow viewing angle mode, the liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer 13 are tilted, and the projection of the long axes of the liquid crystal molecules on the second substrate 12 and the transmission axis of the second polarizer 32 are parallel to each other.

In this embodiment, the liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer 13 are positive liquid crystal molecules (liquid crystal molecules with positive dielectric anisotropy), and as shown in fig. 1, in the initial state, the initial alignment of the positive liquid crystal molecules is in a lying posture, that is, the positive liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer 13 are aligned parallel to the first substrate 11 and the second substrate 12, and the alignment directions of the positive liquid crystal molecules near the first substrate 11 and the positive liquid crystal molecules near the second substrate 12 are antiparallel. Since the initial alignment of the positive liquid crystal molecules is in the lying posture in the initial state, vertical electric fields do not need to be formed between the viewing angle control electrode 111 and the first electrode bar 121a and between the viewing angle control electrode 111 and the second electrode bar 122a at a wide viewing angle, that is, the positive liquid crystal molecules do not need to be driven to be deflected in the vertical direction to be parallel to the first substrate 11 and the second substrate 12. Of course, the positive liquid crystal molecules may have a small pretilt angle (e.g., 7 °) when initially aligned, i.e., the positive liquid crystal molecules initially form a small angle with the first and

second substrates

11 and 12, and may accelerate the positive liquid crystal molecules to deflect toward the vertical direction when switching to the narrow viewing angle. The projection of the long axis of the positive liquid crystal molecules on the second substrate 12 is parallel to the transmission axis of the second polarizer 32, i.e. the projection of the alignment direction of the first liquid crystal layer 13 on the second substrate 12 is parallel to the transmission axis of the second polarizer 32. Since the projection of the long axis of the positive liquid crystal molecules on the second substrate 12 and the transmission axis of the second polarizer 32 are parallel to each other in the initial state, a horizontal electric field does not need to be formed between the first electrode stripes 121a and the second electrode stripes 122a at a narrow viewing angle, that is, the positive liquid crystal molecules do not need to be driven to deflect in the horizontal direction.

The included angle between the length direction of the first electrode strips 121a and the second electrode strips 122a and the transmission axis of the second polarizer 32 is α,0 ≦ α ≦ 10 °, and preferably α is 7 °, so that the deflection of the positive liquid crystal molecules in the horizontal direction can be accelerated at a wide viewing angle, i.e., the response speed of the wide viewing angle can be accelerated. As shown in fig. 2, the transmission axis of the first polarizer 31 and the transmission axis of the second polarizer 32 are in a first direction F1, in an initial state, a projection of a long axis of the positive liquid crystal molecules on the second substrate 12 is parallel to the first direction F1, the length directions of the first electrode stripes 121a and the second electrode stripes 122a are in a second direction F2, and an included angle between the first direction F1 and the second direction F2 is α.

In another embodiment, the alignment direction of the first liquid crystal layer 13 forms an angle between the projection on the second substrate 12 and the transmission axis of the second polarizer 32, i.e. in the initial state, the projection of the long axis of the positive liquid crystal molecules on the second substrate 12 forms an angle with the transmission axis of the second polarizer 32. Since an angle is formed between the projection of the long axis of the positive liquid crystal molecules on the second substrate 12 and the transmission axis of the second polarizer 32 in the initial state, a horizontal electric field does not need to be formed between the first electrode stripes 121a and the second electrode stripes 122a at a wide viewing angle, that is, the positive liquid crystal molecules do not need to be driven to deflect in the horizontal direction; however, in a narrow viewing angle, a horizontal electric field needs to be formed between the first electrode stripes 121a and the second electrode stripes 122a to drive the positive liquid crystal molecules to deflect in the horizontal direction, so that the projection of the long axes of the positive liquid crystal molecules on the second substrate 12 and the transmission axis of the second polarizer 32 are parallel to each other. Preferably, the length directions of the first electrode bars 121a and the second electrode bars 122a are perpendicular to the transmission axis of the second polarizer 32, and the direction of the horizontal electric field formed between the first electrode bars 121a and the second electrode bars 122a is parallel to the transmission axis of the second polarizer 32 at a narrow viewing angle, so that the positive liquid crystal molecules are driven to deflect in the horizontal direction, such that the projection of the long axis of the positive liquid crystal molecules on the second substrate 12 is parallel to the transmission axis of the second polarizer 32.

In another embodiment, the liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer 13 use negative liquid crystal molecules (liquid crystal molecules having negative dielectric anisotropy), and in the initial state, the initial alignment of the negative liquid crystal molecules is in a tilted posture, that is, the light modulation cell 10 is in a narrow viewing angle mode in the initial state. In the initial state, the initial alignment of the negative liquid crystal molecules is in an oblique posture, and the projection of the long axis of the negative liquid crystal molecules on the second substrate 12 is parallel to the transmission axis of the second polarizer 32, so that in a wide viewing angle, not only a horizontal electric field needs to be formed between the first electrode strips 121a and the second electrode strips 122a to drive the negative liquid crystal molecules to deflect in the horizontal direction, but also vertical electric fields need to be formed between the viewing angle control electrode 111 and the first electrode strips 121a, and between the viewing angle control electrode 111 and the second electrode strips 122a to drive the negative liquid crystal molecules to deflect in the vertical direction. Of course, when the liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer 13 are negative liquid crystal molecules, the negative liquid crystal molecules may also be specially aligned, so that in an initial state, an included angle is formed between a projection of a long axis of the negative liquid crystal molecules on the second substrate 12 and a transmission axis of the second polarizer 32.

In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 6, the first electrode 121 further includes a first wire 121b, the first wire 121b electrically connects the plurality of first electrode bars 121a, and the first electrode 121 is connected to the first viewing angle driving chip through the first wire 121 b. The second electrode 122 further includes a second conductive line 122b, the second conductive line 122b electrically connects the plurality of second electrode bars 122a, and the second electrode 122 is connected to the second viewing angle driving chip through the second conductive line 122 b.

Further, the viewing angle control electrode 111 is a planar electrode covering the entire surface of the first substrate 11, and the first electrode stripes 121a and the second electrode stripes 122a are both of a zigzag structure or a wave structure. The first electrode stripes 121a and the second electrode stripes 122a are preferably of a zigzag structure, and when the viewing angle is wide, horizontal electric fields in multiple directions are formed between the first electrode stripes 121a and the second electrode stripes 122a, and the positive liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer 13 are horizontally deflected towards multiple directions, so that the wide viewing angle effect can be increased from multiple directions. The first electrode strips 121a and the second electrode strips 122a are both of a zigzag structure bent back and forth with the first direction F1 as a center line, and an angle formed by the bending direction and the first direction F1 is α.

In this embodiment, the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122 are located on the same layer, that is, the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122 are made of the same transparent metal layer. Because the surfaces of the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122 are smooth and have a certain reflection effect on the external environment light, the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122 are arranged to be the same layer, so that the reflection effect of the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122 on the external environment light is the same, and the influence on the display with a wide viewing angle or a narrow viewing angle is avoided. However, the first conductive line 121b and the second conductive line 122b need to be disposed on two opposite sides and in the non-display region at the edge of the display panel, so as to avoid short circuit between the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122.

In this embodiment, the display cell 20 is a liquid crystal cell. Of course, in other embodiments, the display box 20 can also be a self-luminous display (e.g. OLED display, micro LED display), but the light modulation box 10 needs to be disposed above the display box 20.

The display box 20 includes a color filter substrate 21, an array substrate 22 disposed opposite to the color filter substrate 21, and a second liquid crystal layer 23 located between the color filter substrate 21 and the array substrate 22. Preferably, positive liquid crystal molecules, that is, liquid crystal molecules having positive dielectric anisotropy, are used in the second liquid crystal layer 23, and in an initial state, the positive liquid crystal molecules in the second liquid crystal layer 23 are aligned parallel to the color filter substrate 21 and the array substrate 22, and the alignment direction of the positive liquid crystal molecules on a side close to the color filter substrate 21 is parallel to or antiparallel to the alignment direction of the positive liquid crystal molecules on a side close to the array substrate 22.

The display box 20 is provided with a third polarizer 33 on a side away from the light modulation box 10, and the transmission axes of the first polarizer 31 and the second polarizer 32 are perpendicular to the transmission axis of the third polarizer 33. In this embodiment, the third polarizer 33 is disposed on the array substrate 22, and a transmission axis of the third polarizer 33 is perpendicular to transmission axes of the first polarizer 31 and the second polarizer 32.

In this embodiment, the second substrate 12 is located on a side of the light-adjusting box 10 close to the display box 20, that is, the second substrate 12 and the color filter substrate 21 are located between the first liquid crystal layer 13 and the second liquid crystal layer 23, at this time, the second substrate 12 and the color filter substrate 21 may share a same substrate, so as to reduce the box thickness of the display panel. Of course, the first substrate 11 may be located on a side of the light modulation box 10 close to the display box 20, that is, the first substrate 11 and the color filter substrate 21 are located between the first liquid crystal layer 13 and the second liquid crystal layer 23.

Further, the color filter substrate 21 is provided with color resist layers 212 arranged in an array and a black matrix 211 separating the color resist layers 212, and the color resist layers 212 include color resist materials of three colors of red (R), green (G), and blue (B), and correspondingly form sub-pixels of three colors of red (R), green (G), and blue (B).

The array substrate 22 is defined by a plurality of scanning lines and a plurality of data lines insulated from and crossing each other on a side facing the second liquid crystal layer 23 to form a plurality of pixel units, a pixel electrode 222 and a thin film transistor are provided in each pixel unit, and the pixel electrode 222 is electrically connected to the data line of the adjacent thin film transistor through the thin film transistor. The thin film transistor includes a gate electrode, an active layer, a drain electrode and a source electrode, the gate electrode and the scan line are located in the same layer and electrically connected, the gate electrode and the active layer are isolated by an insulating layer, the source electrode and the data line are electrically connected, and the drain electrode and the pixel electrode 222 are electrically connected through a contact hole.

As shown in fig. 1, in the present embodiment, a common electrode 221 is further disposed on a side of the array substrate 22 facing the second liquid crystal layer 23, and the common electrode 221 and the pixel electrode 222 are located on different layers and isolated from each other by an insulating layer. The common electrode 221 may be located above or below the pixel electrode 222 (the common electrode 221 is located below the pixel electrode 222 in fig. 1). Preferably, the common electrode 221 is a planar electrode disposed over the entire surface, and the pixel electrode 222 is a block electrode disposed in one block in each pixel unit or a slit electrode having a plurality of electrode bars to form a Fringe Field Switching (FFS) mode. Of course, in other embodiments, the pixel electrode 222 and the common electrode 221 may be located on the same layer, but they are insulated from each other, each of the pixel electrode 222 and the common electrode 221 may include a plurality of electrode strips, and the electrode strips of the pixel electrode 222 and the electrode strips of the common electrode 221 are alternately arranged to form an In-Plane Switching (IPS) mode; alternatively, in other embodiments, the array substrate 22 is provided with the pixel electrode 222 on a side facing the second liquid crystal layer 23, and the color filter substrate 21 is provided with the common electrode 221 on a side facing the second liquid crystal layer 23, so as to form a TN mode or a VA mode.

The first substrate 11, the second substrate 12, the color filter substrate 21, and the array substrate 22 may be made of glass, acrylic, polycarbonate, or other materials. The material of the first viewing angle controlling electrode 111, the first electrode 121, the second electrode 122, the common electrode 221, and the pixel electrode 222 may be Indium Tin Oxide (ITO), indium Zinc Oxide (IZO), or the like.

The present embodiment further provides a display device with switchable wide and narrow viewing angles, which includes the display panel with switchable wide and narrow viewing angles and a backlight module 40, where the backlight module 40 is located below the display panel and is configured to provide a backlight source for the display panel. Of course, if the display box 20 employs a self-luminous display, the display device does not need to be additionally provided with a backlight.

The backlight module 40 includes a backlight 41 and a privacy layer 43, and the privacy layer 43 is used to reduce the range of the light exit angle. A brightness enhancement film 42 is further arranged between the backlight 41 and the peep-proof layer 43, and the brightness enhancement film 42 increases the brightness of the backlight module 40. The peep-proof layer 43 is a micro louver structure, and can block light rays with a large incident angle, so that light rays with a small incident angle can pass through the peep-proof layer 43, and the angle range of the light rays passing through the peep-proof layer 43 is reduced. The peep-proof layer 43 includes a plurality of parallel arranged light resistance walls and a light hole between two adjacent light resistance walls, and light absorption materials are arranged on two sides of the light resistance walls. Of course, the backlight 41 may be a light collecting type backlight, so that the privacy protecting layer 43 is not required, but the light collecting type backlight is more expensive than the conventional backlight.

The embodiment also provides a driving method with switchable wide and narrow viewing angles in different regions, which is used for driving the display panel with switchable wide and narrow viewing angles, and the driving method comprises the following steps:

as shown in fig. 3, 4 and 11, in the wide viewing angle mode, the first electrical signal V1 is applied to the viewing angle control electrode 111, the second electrical signal V2 is applied to the first electrode 121, and the third electrical signal V3 is applied to the second electrode 122 to drive the liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer 13 to lie down, and an angle is formed between the projection of the long axis of the liquid crystal molecules on the second substrate 12 and the transmission axis of the second polarizer 32. As shown in fig. 4, an included angle between a projection of the long axis of the positive liquid crystal molecule on the second substrate 12 and the transmission axis of the second polarizer 32 is β, and a projection direction of the long axis of the positive liquid crystal molecule on the second substrate 12 is a third direction F3, i.e., an included angle between the first direction F3 and the third direction F3 is β. Wherein 0< beta.is less than or equal to 45 degrees, and preferably 10 to 30 degrees. In a wide viewing angle, since the transmission axis of the first polarizer 31 is parallel to the transmission axis of the second polarizer 32, and an included angle is formed between the projection of the long axis of the liquid crystal molecules on the second substrate 12 and the transmission axis of the second polarizer 32, the brightness of the wide viewing angle can be increased, so as to improve the wide viewing angle effect.

In this embodiment, the first liquid crystal layer 13 is made of positive liquid crystal molecules, and in the initial state, the positive liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer 13 are in a flat posture, and the projection of the long axis of the positive liquid crystal molecules on the second substrate 12 is parallel to the transmission axis of the second polarizer 32, and an included angle between the length direction of the first electrode bar 121a and the second electrode bar 122a and the transmission axis of the second polarizer 32 is α.

Specifically, as shown in fig. 11, the first electrical signal V1 is a dc common voltage, the second electrical signal V2 and the third electrical signal V3 are ac voltages fluctuating up and down with the dc common voltage, and the second electrical signal V2 and the third electrical signal V3 have the same frequency and opposite polarity. The second electrical signal V2 and the third electrical signal V3 have the same amplitude, but may have a deviation of 0 to 0.2V. The differential pressure between the second electrical signal V2 and the third electrical signal V3 is greater than 0 and less than the first preset value. Vertical electric fields are formed between the viewing angle control electrode 111 and the first electrode 121, and between the viewing angle control electrode 111 and the second electrode 122, but the directions of the electric fields are opposite, and therefore, the positive liquid crystal molecules of the first liquid crystal layer 13 are not substantially deflected in the vertical direction. A stronger horizontal electric field is formed between the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122, and the positive liquid crystal molecules of the first liquid crystal layer 13 are greatly deflected in the horizontal direction, so that an included angle is formed between the projection of the long axis of the liquid crystal molecules on the second substrate 12 and the transmission axis of the second polarizer 32, and thus the brightness of a large viewing angle can be increased, and the wide viewing angle effect is improved.

In this embodiment, the second electrical signal V2 and the third electrical signal V3 are square waves, the voltage amplitudes of the second electrical signal V2 and the third electrical signal V3 are adjustable within a range of 0V to 8V, and the frequency is 60Hz to 200Hz. Preferably, the second electrical signal V2 and the third electrical signal V3 both have a voltage amplitude of 0.8V, and only need to drive the positive liquid crystal molecules to slightly deflect in the horizontal direction, and the frequencies are preferably 140Hz. In the prior art, the wide viewing angle driving voltage needs to reach more than 5V, and the power consumption is high, so that the logic power consumption can be saved by 84% compared with the prior art.

FIG. 7 is a schematic view illustrating the brightness variation of a display panel at a wide viewing angle according to an embodiment of the present invention and the prior art. FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the luminance ratio of a display panel according to an embodiment of the present invention at a wide viewing angle. Fig. 9a is a schematic view of a display panel in a wide viewing angle in the prior art. Fig. 9b is a schematic view of a display panel with a wide viewing angle according to an embodiment of the invention. As shown in fig. 7 and 8, a curve W1 in fig. 7 is the present application, a curve W2 is the prior art, and as can be seen from fig. 7 and 8, the luminance at the wide viewing angle in the present application is greater than the luminance at the wide viewing angle in the prior art between-80 ° and 80 °, i.e., the wide viewing angle effect in the present application is better. As can be seen from fig. 9a and 9b, the luminance at a wide viewing angle in the left and right viewing angle directions of the present application is greater than that in the prior art. Wherein, the simulation data shows that the relative central brightness at-45 deg. visual angle is 0.62, and the relative central brightness at 45 deg. visual angle is 0.62 in the prior art; in this application, the relative center luminance at a viewing angle of-45 ° is 0.68, and the relative center luminance at a viewing angle of 45 ° is 0.65. It can also be seen from the above data that the brightness at wide viewing angles in the present application is greater than that in the prior art.

In another embodiment, as shown in fig. 13 to 16, the second electrical signal V2 and the third electrical signal V3 may also be triangular waves, stepped waves, or curved waves, so that the positive liquid crystal molecules are deflected relatively slowly in the horizontal direction until the projection of the long axis of the positive liquid crystal molecules on the second substrate 12 forms an included angle β with the transmission axis of the second polarizer 32, and during the deflection, the brightness of wide viewing angles in multiple directions is increased, thereby further improving the wide viewing angle effect. As shown in fig. 13, the second electrical signal V2 is a square wave of 0.8V, and the third electrical signal V3 is a curved wave of 1V, wherein the amplitude variation in the curved wave is a curve, not a straight line. As shown in fig. 14, the second electrical signal V2 and the third electrical signal V3 are both triangular waves having an amplitude of 1V. As shown in fig. 15, the second electrical signal V2 and the third electrical signal V3 are both step-shaped waves with an amplitude of 1.5V, wherein the amplitude of the step-shaped waves changes in a step shape. The first amplitude step of the second electrical signal V2 is-1.5V, the second amplitude step is 0.2V, and the third amplitude step is 1.5V; the amplitude variation of the third electrical signal V3 is opposite to the amplitude variation of the second electrical signal V2, the first amplitude step of the third electrical signal V3 is 1.5V, the second amplitude step is-0.2V, and the third amplitude step is-1.5V. When the second electrical signal V2 and the third electrical signal V3 are both stepped waves, in each stepped time period, an included angle between the projection of the long axis of the positive liquid crystal molecule on the second substrate 12 and the transmission axis of the second polarizer 32 stays for a period of time until the included angle between the projection of the long axis of the positive liquid crystal molecule on the second substrate 12 and the transmission axis of the second polarizer 32 is β, and because between- β and β, the positive liquid crystal molecule stays at a plurality of angles, thereby improving the wide viewing angle effect. As shown in fig. 16, the second electrical signal V2 is a square wave of 0.8V, and the third electrical signal V3 is a curved wave of 1V, wherein the amplitude variation in the curved wave is a curve, not a straight line; the frequency of the third electrical signal V3 is changed periodically, that is, the third electrical signal V3 is composed of at least two waveforms with different frequencies, and by inserting a low-frequency signal in the display, the power consumption of the module can be effectively reduced under the condition that the wide and narrow viewing angle effect is not changed. Of course, the frequency of the second electrical signal V2 may also vary periodically.

In another embodiment, the amplitudes of the second electrical signal V2 and the third electrical signal V3 may be different, for example, the difference is smaller than 0.5V, vertical electric fields are formed between the viewing angle control electrode 111 and the first electrode 121, and between the viewing angle control electrode 111 and the second electrode 122, although the directions of the electric fields are opposite, the strength has a smaller difference, the positive liquid crystal molecules of the first liquid crystal layer 13 are deflected less in the vertical direction, and the positive liquid crystal molecules tilt up by a certain angle in the vertical direction, so that the front-view light is directed towards the large viewing angle direction, and the brightness of the large viewing angle is further increased, thereby achieving the effect of enhancing the wide viewing angle.

As shown in fig. 5 and 12, in the narrow viewing angle mode, the first electric signal V1 is applied to the viewing angle control electrode 111, the fourth electric signal V4 is applied to the first electrode 121, and the fifth electric signal V5 is applied to the second electrode 122 to drive the liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer 13 to be in a tilted posture, and the projection of the long axes of the liquid crystal molecules on the second substrate 12 and the transmission axis of the second polarizer 32 are parallel to each other. When the positive liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer 13 are in an inclined posture, an included angle formed between the positive liquid crystal molecules and the first substrate 11 and the second substrate 12 is 30-60 degrees, so that the brightness of the display panel is reduced in a large visual angle direction, and narrow visual angle display is realized.

In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 12, the first electrical signal V1 is a dc common voltage, the fourth electrical signal V4 and the fifth electrical signal V5 are ac voltages fluctuating up and down from the dc common voltage, the frequency and polarity of the fourth electrical signal V4 and the fifth electrical signal V5 are the same, and the amplitude of the second electrical signal V2 is the same as that of the third electrical signal V3, but of course, the second electrical signal V2 may have a deviation of 0 to 0.2V. The voltage differences between the first electrical signal V1 and the fourth electrical signal V4, and between the first electrical signal V1 and the fifth electrical signal V5 are greater than a second preset value (e.g., greater than 4V), and are less than a third preset value (e.g., less than 12V), so that the situation that the voltage differences between the first electrical signal V1 and the fourth electrical signal V4, and between the first electrical signal V1 and the fifth electrical signal V5 are too large is avoided, and the positive liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer 13 are in a vertical posture, thereby achieving a wide viewing angle.

In this embodiment, the fourth electrical signal V4 and the fifth electrical signal V5 are both square waves, the voltage amplitudes of the fourth electrical signal V4 and the fifth electrical signal V5 are both 4.8V, and the frequencies are preferably both 140Hz.

Fig. 10a is a schematic view of a display panel in a narrow viewing angle in the prior art. Fig. 10b is a schematic view illustrating a narrow viewing angle of a display panel according to an embodiment of the invention. As shown in fig. 10a and 10b, it can be seen from fig. 10a and 10b that the effect of the narrow viewing angle in the present application is substantially the same as that of the prior art, and therefore, the effect of the narrow viewing angle is not affected. The wide visual angle effect can be improved on the premise that the narrow visual angle effect is not affected.

In the wide viewing angle mode and the viewing angle mode, the display box 20 normally controls the gray scale of each sub-pixel, so as to control the normal display of the picture, and the normal display of the picture is not interfered with the light modulation box 10. The pixel electrode 222 applies a corresponding gray scale voltage, a voltage difference is formed between the pixel electrode 222 and the common electrode 221, a horizontal electric field (E1 in fig. 3 and 5) is generated, the positive liquid crystal molecules are deflected in a direction parallel to the horizontal electric field in the horizontal direction, the gray scale voltage includes 0-255 gray scale voltages, and when different gray scale voltages are applied to the pixel electrode 222, the pixel unit presents different brightness, thereby displaying different pictures, and realizing normal display of the display device under wide viewing angles and narrow viewing angles.

[ example two ]

Fig. 17 is a schematic structural diagram of a display panel in a second embodiment of the invention at a wide viewing angle. Fig. 18 is a schematic structural diagram of a display panel in a narrow viewing angle according to a second embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 19 is a schematic plan view of the first electrode and the second electrode in the second embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 17 to 18, the display panel, the display device and the driving method with switchable wide and narrow viewing angles according to the second embodiment of the present invention are substantially the same as the display panel, the display device and the driving method with switchable wide and narrow viewing angles according to the first embodiment (fig. 1 to 6), except that:

the display panel with switchable wide and narrow viewing angles in the embodiment comprises a dimming box 10 for controlling the switching of the wide and narrow viewing angles and a display box 20 for controlling the display of pictures, wherein the dimming box 10 and the display box 20 are arranged on top of each other. In this embodiment, the light modulation box 10 is disposed above the display box 20, that is, the light modulation box 10 is located on the light emitting side of the display box 20. Of course, the light modulation box 10 can also be disposed below the display box 20, i.e. the light modulation box 10 is located at the light incident side of the display box 20.

The light modulation box 10 includes a first substrate 11, a second substrate 12 disposed opposite to the first substrate 11, and a first liquid crystal layer 13 disposed between the first substrate 11 and the second substrate 12. The first substrate 11 is provided with a first polarizer 31, the second substrate 12 is provided with a second polarizer 32, and a transmission axis of the first polarizer 31 is parallel to a transmission axis of the second polarizer 32. The first substrate 11 is provided with a viewing angle control electrode 111 on a side facing the first liquid crystal layer 13, the second substrate 12 is provided with a first electrode 121 and a second electrode 122 on a side facing the first liquid crystal layer 13, the first electrode 121 is matched with the viewing angle control electrode 111, the first electrode 121 comprises a plurality of first electrode stripes 121a, the second electrode 122 comprises a plurality of second electrode stripes 122a, and projections of the first electrode stripes 121a and the second electrode stripes 122a on the second substrate 12 are parallel to each other and are alternately arranged. The deflection of the liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer 13 is controlled by controlling the voltage difference between the viewing angle control electrode 111 and the first electrode 121 and between the viewing angle control electrode 111 and the second electrode 122, thereby realizing the control of the switching of the wide and narrow viewing angles.

Further, the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122 are located at different layers and spaced apart from each other by an insulating layer.

Further, the first electrode 121 further includes a first wire 121b, the first wire 121b electrically connects the plurality of first electrode bars 121a, and the first electrode 121 is connected to the first viewing angle driving chip through the first wire 121 b. The second electrode 122 further includes a second conductive line 122b, the second conductive line 122b electrically connects the plurality of second electrode bars 122a, and the second electrode 122 is connected to the second viewing angle driving chip through the second conductive line 122 b. Since the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122 are located on different layers, the first conductive line 121b and the second conductive line 122b may be located on the same side or on opposite sides.

The embodiment also provides a driving method with switchable wide and narrow viewing angles in different regions, which is used for driving the display panel with switchable wide and narrow viewing angles, and the driving method includes:

as shown in fig. 17, in the wide viewing angle mode, a first electrical signal V1 is applied to the viewing angle control electrode 111, a second electrical signal V2 is applied to the first electrode 121, and a third electrical signal V3 is applied to the second electrode 122 to drive the liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer 13 to lie down, and the projection of the long axes of the liquid crystal molecules on the second substrate 12 forms an angle with the transmission axis of the second polarizer 32. Referring to fig. 4, an included angle between a projection of the long axis of the positive liquid crystal molecules on the second substrate 12 and the transmission axis of the second polarizer 32 is β, and a projection direction of the long axis of the positive liquid crystal molecules on the second substrate 12 is a third direction F3, i.e., an included angle between the first direction F3 and the third direction F3 is β. Wherein 0< beta.is less than or equal to 45 degrees, preferably 10 to 30 degrees. In a wide viewing angle, since the transmission axis of the first polarizer 31 is parallel to the transmission axis of the second polarizer 32, and an included angle is formed between the projection of the long axis of the liquid crystal molecules on the second substrate 12 and the transmission axis of the second polarizer 32, the brightness of the wide viewing angle can be increased, and the wide viewing angle effect can be improved.

As shown in fig. 18, in the narrow viewing angle mode, the first electric signal V1 is applied to the viewing angle control electrode 111, the fourth electric signal V4 is applied to the first electrode 121, and the fifth electric signal V5 is applied to the second electrode 122 to drive the liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer 13 to be in a tilted posture, and the projection of the long axes of the liquid crystal molecules on the second substrate 12 and the transmission axis of the second polarizer 32 are parallel to each other. When the positive liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer 13 are in an inclined posture, an included angle formed between the positive liquid crystal molecules and the first substrate 11 and the second substrate 12 is 30-60 degrees, so that the brightness of the display panel is reduced in a large visual angle direction, and narrow visual angle display is realized.

In the wide viewing angle mode and the viewing angle mode, the display box 20 normally controls the gray scale of each sub-pixel, so as to control the normal display of the picture, and the normal display of the picture is not interfered with the light modulation box 10. The pixel electrode 222 applies a corresponding gray scale voltage, a voltage difference is formed between the pixel electrode 222 and the common electrode 221, a horizontal electric field (E1 in fig. 17 and 18) is generated, the positive liquid crystal molecules are deflected in a direction parallel to the horizontal electric field in the horizontal direction, the gray scale voltage includes 0-255 gray scale voltages, and when different gray scale voltages are applied to the pixel electrode 222, the pixel unit presents different brightness, thereby displaying different pictures, and realizing normal display of the display device under wide viewing angles and narrow viewing angles.

In this embodiment, the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122 are located at different layers, and although the reflection effect on the external environment light is different, the display effect of the wide viewing angle or the narrow viewing angle is affected, but the probability of short circuit between the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122 can be greatly reduced.

It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the remaining structures and the operating principles of the display panel, the display device and the driving method in this embodiment are the same as those in the first embodiment, and are not described herein again.

[ third example ]

Fig. 20 is a schematic structural diagram of a display panel in a third embodiment of the present invention when viewed from a wide viewing angle. As shown in fig. 20, the display panel, the display device and the driving method with switchable wide and narrow viewing angles provided in the third embodiment of the present invention are substantially the same as the display panel, the display device and the driving method with switchable wide and narrow viewing angles in the first embodiment (fig. 1 to fig. 6) and the second embodiment (fig. 17 to fig. 19), except that in this embodiment, the first substrate 11 is located on a side of the light-modulation box 10 close to the display box 20, that is, the first substrate 11 and the color filter substrate 21 are located between the first liquid crystal layer 13 and the second liquid crystal layer 23; the second substrate 12 is located on a side of the light box 10 remote from the display box 20.

Further, the first polarizer 31 is also located on the side of the light modulation box 10 close to the display box 20 together with the first substrate 11, and the second polarizer 32 is also located on the side of the light modulation box 10 away from the display box 20 together with the second substrate 12.

The first substrate 11 is provided with a viewing angle control electrode 111 on a side facing the first liquid crystal layer 13, the second substrate 12 is provided with a first electrode 121 and a second electrode 122 on a side facing the first liquid crystal layer 13, the first electrode 121 is matched with the viewing angle control electrode 111, the first electrode 121 includes a plurality of first electrode stripes 121a, the second electrode 122 includes a plurality of second electrode stripes 122a, and projections of the first electrode stripes 121a and the second electrode stripes 122a on the second substrate 12 are parallel to each other and are alternately arranged. The first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122 may be located on the same layer or on different layers. That is, the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122 are disposed on the substrate on the side away from the display cell 20, and the entire viewing angle control electrode 111 is disposed on the substrate on the side close to the display cell 20.

It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the remaining structure and operation principle of the present embodiment are the same as those of the first embodiment and the second embodiment, and are not described herein again.

Fig. 21 is one of schematic plan views of the display device of the present invention. FIG. 22 is a second schematic plan view of the display device of the present invention. Referring to fig. 21 and 22, the display device is provided with a viewing angle switching key 50 for a user to send a viewing angle switching request to the display device. The view switching key 50 may be a physical key (as shown in fig. 21), or may be a software control or application program (APP) to implement a switching function (as shown in fig. 22, for example, setting a wide view and a narrow view through a slider). When a user needs to switch between a wide viewing angle and a narrow viewing angle, a viewing angle switching request can be sent to the display device by operating the viewing angle switching key 50, and finally the driving chip 60 controls the electrical signals applied to the viewing angle control electrode 111, the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122. Therefore, the display device provided by the embodiment of the invention has stronger operation flexibility and convenience, and achieves the multifunctional display device integrating entertainment video and privacy.

In this document, the terms of upper, lower, left, right, front, rear and the like are used to define the positions of the structures in the drawings and the positions of the structures relative to each other, and are only used for the sake of clarity and convenience in technical solution. It is to be understood that the use of the directional terms should not be taken to limit the scope of the claims. It is also to be understood that the terms "first" and "second," etc., are used herein for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as limiting in number or order.

Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A display panel with switchable wide and narrow viewing angles is characterized by comprising a dimming box (10) for controlling the switching of the wide and narrow viewing angles and a display box (20) for controlling the display of pictures, wherein the dimming box (10) and the display box (20) are arranged in a mutually stacked mode;

the light modulation box (10) comprises a first substrate (11), a second substrate (12) and a first liquid crystal layer (13), wherein the second substrate (12) is arranged opposite to the first substrate (11), the first liquid crystal layer (13) is arranged between the first substrate (11) and the second substrate (12), a first polaroid (31) is arranged on the first substrate (11), a second polaroid (32) is arranged on the second substrate (12), and a transmission axis of the first polaroid (31) is parallel to a transmission axis of the second polaroid (32);

the first substrate (11) is provided with a viewing angle control electrode (111) on the side facing the first liquid crystal layer (13), the second substrate (12) is provided with a first electrode (121) and a second electrode (122) which are matched with the viewing angle control electrode (111) on the side facing the first liquid crystal layer (13), the first electrode (121) comprises a plurality of first electrode strips (121 a), the second electrode (122) comprises a plurality of second electrode strips (122 a), and the projections of the first electrode strips (121 a) and the second electrode strips (122 a) on the second substrate (12) are mutually parallel and alternately arranged;

in a wide viewing angle mode, liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer (13) are in a lying posture, and an included angle is formed between the projection of the long axis of the liquid crystal molecules on the second substrate (12) and the transmission axis of the second polarizer (32);

in the narrow viewing angle mode, liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer (13) are in an inclined posture, and the projection of the long axes of the liquid crystal molecules on the second substrate (12) is parallel to the transmission axis of the second polarizer (32).

2. The switchable wide and narrow viewing angle display panel of claim 1, wherein the projection of the alignment direction of the first liquid crystal layer (13) onto the second substrate (12) and the transmission axis of the second polarizer (32) are parallel to each other.

3. The switchable wide and narrow viewing angle display panel of claim 2, wherein the first liquid crystal layer (13) adopts positive liquid crystal molecules, and the included angle between the length direction of the first electrode strips (121 a) and the second electrode strips (122 a) and the transmission axis of the second polarizer (32) is α, and 0 ° α is ≦ 10 °.

4. The switchable wide and narrow viewing angle display panel of claim 1, wherein the projection of the alignment direction of the first liquid crystal layer (13) on the second substrate (12) has an angle with the transmission axis of the second polarizer (32).

5. The switchable wide and narrow viewing angle display panel of claim 4, wherein the first liquid crystal layer (13) adopts positive liquid crystal molecules, and the length directions of the first electrode stripes (121 a) and the second electrode stripes (122 a) are perpendicular to the transmission axis of the second polarizer (32).

6. A switchable wide and narrow viewing angle display panel according to any of claims 1 to 5, comprising at least one of the following features:

the first electrode strips (121 a) and the second electrode strips (122 a) are both of a zigzag structure or a wavy structure;

the first electrode (121) further includes a first conductive line (121 b), the first conductive line (121 b) conductively connecting a plurality of the first electrode bars (121 a), the second electrode (122) further includes a second conductive line (122 b), the second conductive line (122 b) conductively connecting a plurality of the second electrode bars (122 a);

the first electrode (121) and the second electrode (122) are located on the same layer or different layers.

7. A switchable wide and narrow viewing angle display device comprising a display panel as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6.

8. A driving method for controlling the display panel according to any one of claims 1 to 6, the driving method comprising:

in a wide viewing angle mode, applying a first electric signal (V1) to the viewing angle control electrode (111), applying a second electric signal (V2) to the first electrode (121), and applying a third electric signal (V3) to the second electrode (122) to drive liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer (13) to lie down, wherein an included angle is formed between a projection of a long axis of the liquid crystal molecules on the second substrate (12) and a transmission axis of the second polarizer (32);

in the narrow viewing angle mode, a first electric signal (V1) is applied to the viewing angle control electrode (111), a fourth electric signal (V4) is applied to the first electrode (121), and a fifth electric signal (V5) is applied to the second electrode (122) so as to drive liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer (13) to be in an inclined posture, and the projection of the long axes of the liquid crystal molecules on the second substrate (12) and the transmission axis of the second polarizer (32) are parallel to each other.

9. The driving method according to claim 8, wherein the first liquid crystal layer (13) adopts positive liquid crystal molecules, and in an initial state, the positive liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer (13) are in a lying posture, and a projection of long axes of the positive liquid crystal molecules on the second substrate (12) and a transmission axis of the second polarizer (32) are parallel to each other;

the first electric signal (V1) is a direct current common voltage, the second electric signal (V2) and the third electric signal (V3) are alternating current voltages fluctuating up and down with the direct current common voltage, the second electric signal (V2) and the third electric signal (V3) have the same frequency and opposite polarity, and the voltage difference between the second electric signal (V2) and the third electric signal (V3) is greater than 0 and smaller than a first preset value;

the fourth electric signal (V4) and the fifth electric signal (V5) are alternating voltages fluctuating up and down with the direct current public voltage, the frequency and the polarity of the fourth electric signal (V4) and the fifth electric signal (V5) are the same, and the pressure difference between the first electric signal (V1) and the fourth electric signal (V4) and the voltage difference between the fifth electric signal (V5) are larger than a second preset value and smaller than a third preset value.

10. The driving method according to claim 9, characterized in that the second electrical signal (V2) and the third electrical signal (V3) are square waves, triangular waves, stepped waves and curved waves; and/or the frequency of the second electric signal (V2) and the third electric signal (V3) varies periodically.