CN110824740B - Display panel, viewing angle control method of display panel and display device - Google Patents
Display panel, viewing angle control method of display panel and display device Download PDFInfo
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- CN110824740B CN110824740B CN201911097307.7A CN201911097307A CN110824740B CN 110824740 B CN110824740 B CN 110824740B CN 201911097307 A CN201911097307 A CN 201911097307A CN 110824740 B CN110824740 B CN 110824740B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/1323—Arrangements for providing a switchable viewing angle
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1347—Arrangement of liquid crystal layers or cells in which the final condition of one light beam is achieved by the addition of the effects of two or more layers or cells
Abstract
A display panel, a viewing angle control method of the display panel and a display device are provided, wherein the display panel comprises a first substrate, a first liquid crystal layer, a second substrate, a second liquid crystal layer and a third substrate; the voltage difference between the first electrode and the common electrode on two sides of the first liquid crystal layer is used for enabling the first liquid crystal box to be switched to a non-peep-proof state in a wide view angle mode and to be switched to a peep-proof state in a narrow view angle mode; the voltage difference between the second electrode and the third electrode at two sides of the second liquid crystal layer is used for switching the second liquid crystal box to a wide-viewing-angle filtering state in a wide-viewing-angle mode and to a narrow-viewing-angle filtering state in a narrow-viewing-angle mode; under the narrow visual angle mode, the first liquid crystal box reduces the contrast under the large visual angle, and the second liquid crystal box reduces the brightness of the light-emitting side of the backlight under the large visual angle, so that the wide and narrow visual angle switching is realized, and the problem of whitening of two sides of the panel and the problem of gray scale inversion during front view are avoided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of display, in particular to a display panel, a viewing angle control method of the display panel and a display device.
Background
With the development of the information age, the applications of display devices are becoming increasingly widespread and diversified, and display devices using an in-plane switching mode (IPS) or a fringe field switching mode (FFS) can realize a wide viewing angle. Meanwhile, in recent years, people pay more and more attention to personal privacy protection, and people in public places generally want to keep the content secret when watching mobile phones or browsing computers. Therefore, the display device with single viewing angle mode can not meet the requirement of users, and besides the requirement of wide viewing angle, the display device also needs to be capable of being switched to the narrow viewing angle mode in the occasions needing peep prevention.
In order to realize the switching of the wide and narrow viewing angles of the display panel, there is a method for controlling the display panel to generate large viewing angle light leakage in a dark state in a narrow viewing angle mode, so that the contrast ratio at the large viewing angle is reduced, and the peep-proof effect is realized. However, the display panel has the problem that two sides of the panel are whitish when the display panel is in a front view, and because the brightness of a bright state is lower than that of a dark state under a narrow view angle mode and a large view angle, gray scale inversion can occur under a certain view angle, so that the display effect and the peep-proof effect are influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a display panel, a visual angle control method of the display panel and a display device, which solve the problem of gray scale inversion under the modes of whitish on two sides of the panel and narrow visual angle in the process of normal view.
In view of the above, the present invention provides a display panel including a first substrate, a first liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the first substrate and the second substrate to form a first liquid crystal cell, a second substrate, a second liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the second substrate and the third substrate to form a second liquid crystal cell, and a third substrate;
the first substrate is provided with a first electrode at one side close to the first liquid crystal layer, and the second substrate is provided with a common electrode and a pixel electrode at one side close to the first liquid crystal layer; the voltage difference between the first electrode and the common electrode is used for enabling the first liquid crystal box to be switched to a non-peeping prevention state in a wide viewing angle mode and to be switched to a peeping prevention state in a narrow viewing angle mode;
a second electrode is arranged on one side, close to the second liquid crystal layer, of the second substrate, and a third electrode is arranged on one side, close to the second liquid crystal layer, of the third substrate; the voltage difference between the second electrode and the third electrode is used for enabling the second liquid crystal box to be switched to a wide-viewing-angle filtering state in a wide-viewing-angle mode and to be switched to a narrow-viewing-angle filtering state in a narrow-viewing-angle mode.
Furthermore, the display panel further comprises a first polarizer, a second polarizer and a third polarizer, the first polarizer is arranged on one side of the first substrate far away from the first liquid crystal layer, the second polarizer is positioned between the pixel electrode and the second electrode, and the third polarizer is arranged on one side of the third substrate far away from the second liquid crystal layer; the transmission axis of the first polaroid is perpendicular to that of the second polaroid, and the transmission axis of the second polaroid is parallel to that of the third polaroid.
Furthermore, a first alignment layer and a second alignment layer are respectively arranged on the upper side and the lower side of the first liquid crystal layer, and a third alignment layer and a fourth alignment layer are respectively arranged on the upper side and the lower side of the second liquid crystal layer;
the alignment direction of the first alignment layer is parallel to or antiparallel to the alignment direction of the second alignment layer, and the alignment directions of the first alignment layer and the second alignment layer are both parallel to the transmission axis of the second polarizer;
the alignment direction of the third alignment layer is parallel to or antiparallel to the alignment direction of the fourth alignment layer, and the alignment directions of the third alignment layer and the fourth alignment layer are both parallel to the transmission axis of the second polarizer.
Further, the first liquid crystal layer adopts positive liquid crystal; in a wide viewing angle mode, a voltage difference between the first electrode and the common electrode is 0 or a voltage difference is small; in the narrow viewing angle mode, a large voltage difference exists between the first electrode and the common electrode;
or, the first liquid crystal layer adopts negative liquid crystal; in a wide viewing angle mode, a large voltage difference exists between the first electrode and the common electrode; in the narrow viewing angle mode, a voltage difference between the first electrode and the common electrode is 0 or a voltage difference is small.
Further, the second liquid crystal layer adopts positive liquid crystal; in the wide viewing angle mode, a voltage difference between the second electrode and the third electrode is 0 or a voltage difference is small; in the narrow viewing angle mode, a large voltage difference exists between the second electrode and the third electrode;
or the second liquid crystal layer adopts negative liquid crystal; in a wide viewing angle mode, a large voltage difference exists between the second electrode and the third electrode; in the narrow viewing angle mode, a voltage difference between the second electrode and the third electrode is 0 or a voltage difference is small.
The invention also provides a visual angle control method of the display panel, which is suitable for the display panel and comprises the following steps:
applying a direct current common voltage to the common electrode, applying a viewing angle control signal to the first electrode, wherein a voltage difference between the viewing angle control signal and the direct current common voltage causes the first liquid crystal cell to be switched to a non-peeping-proof state; simultaneously applying a first brightness control signal to the second electrode and a second brightness control signal to the third electrode, wherein a voltage difference between the first brightness control signal and the second brightness control signal causes the second liquid crystal cell to be switched to a wide viewing angle filtering state, so as to switch the display panel to a wide viewing angle mode;
applying a dc common voltage to the common electrode, applying a viewing angle control signal to the first electrode, a voltage difference between the viewing angle control signal and the dc common voltage causing the first liquid crystal cell to switch to a privacy state; and simultaneously applying a first brightness control signal to the second electrode and a second brightness control signal to the third electrode, wherein a voltage difference between the first brightness control signal and the second brightness control signal enables the second liquid crystal box to be switched to a narrow-viewing-angle filtering state, so that the display panel is switched to a narrow-viewing-angle mode.
Further, the first liquid crystal layer adopts positive liquid crystal; in the step of switching the display panel to a wide viewing angle mode, an absolute value of a voltage difference between the viewing angle control signal and the dc common voltage is less than or equal to a first preset value; in the step of switching the display panel to the narrow viewing angle mode, the viewing angle control signal is a periodic alternating voltage with the direct current common voltage as a potential symmetry center, and the amplitude of the periodic alternating voltage is greater than a third preset value;
or, the first liquid crystal layer adopts negative liquid crystal; in the step of switching the display panel to the wide viewing angle mode, the viewing angle control signal is a periodic alternating voltage with the direct current common voltage as a potential symmetry center, and the amplitude of the periodic alternating voltage is greater than a third preset value; in the step of switching the display panel to a narrow viewing angle mode, an absolute value of a voltage difference between the viewing angle control signal and the dc common voltage is less than or equal to a first preset value.
Further, the second liquid crystal layer adopts positive liquid crystal; in the step of switching the display panel to a wide viewing angle mode, an absolute value of a voltage difference between the first brightness control signal and the second brightness control signal is less than or equal to a second preset value; in the step of switching the display panel to the narrow viewing angle mode, a potential difference between the first brightness control signal and the second brightness control signal forms an alternating current brightness control voltage, and the amplitude of the alternating current brightness control voltage is greater than a fourth preset value;
or the second liquid crystal layer adopts negative liquid crystal; in the step of switching the display panel to a wide viewing angle mode, the potential difference between the first brightness control signal and the second brightness control signal forms an alternating current brightness control voltage, and the amplitude of the alternating current brightness control voltage is greater than a fourth preset value; in the step of switching the display panel to the narrow viewing angle mode, an absolute value of a voltage difference between the first brightness control signal and the second brightness control signal is less than or equal to a second preset value.
Further, the amplitude of the alternating-current brightness control voltage is smaller than that of the periodic alternating-current voltage.
The invention also provides a display device comprising any one of the display panels.
The invention provides a display panel, a visual angle control method of the display panel and a display device.A voltage difference between a first electrode and a common electrode at two sides of a first liquid crystal layer is used for switching a first liquid crystal box to a non-peep-proof state in a wide visual angle mode and switching to a peep-proof state in a narrow visual angle mode; the voltage difference between the second electrode and the third electrode at two sides of the second liquid crystal layer is used for switching the second liquid crystal box to a wide-viewing-angle filtering state in a wide-viewing-angle mode and to a narrow-viewing-angle filtering state in a narrow-viewing-angle mode; in the narrow viewing angle mode, the first liquid crystal box reduces the contrast ratio under a large viewing angle, and the second liquid crystal box reduces the brightness of the light-emitting side of the backlight source under the large viewing angle; the wide and narrow visual angle switching is realized, and the problem of whitening on two sides of the panel and the problem of gray scale inversion during the front view are avoided.
Drawings
Fig. 1(a) is a schematic structural diagram of a display panel in a dark state under a wide viewing angle mode according to a first embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 1(b) is a schematic structural diagram of the display panel shown in fig. 1(a) in a bright state in a wide viewing angle mode.
Fig. 2(a) is a schematic structural diagram of a dark state of the display panel shown in fig. 1(a) in a narrow viewing angle mode.
Fig. 2(b) is a schematic structural diagram of the display panel shown in fig. 1(a) in a bright state in a narrow viewing angle mode.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a display device according to a first embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of transmittance curves of the second liquid crystal cell in the display panel according to the first embodiment of the invention in the wide viewing angle mode and the narrow viewing angle mode.
FIG. 5 is a graph showing transmittance curves of the first liquid crystal cell in the first embodiment of the present invention in a dark state and a bright state under a narrow viewing angle mode.
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a display panel in a wide viewing angle mode according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a display panel in a narrow viewing angle mode according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a display panel in a wide viewing angle mode according to a third embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a display panel in a narrow viewing angle mode according to a third embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the present invention is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
First embodiment
Referring to fig. 1(a) to fig. 2(b), fig. 1(a) shows a dark state structure of a display panel in a wide viewing angle mode according to a first embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 1(b) shows a bright state structure of the display panel in the wide viewing angle mode; fig. 2(a) shows a structural diagram of a dark state of the display panel in the narrow viewing angle mode, and fig. 2(b) shows a structural diagram of a bright state of the display panel in the narrow viewing angle mode. The display panel provided by the first embodiment of the present invention includes a first substrate 20, a first liquid crystal layer 51, a second substrate 30, a second liquid crystal layer 52, and a third substrate 40, wherein the first liquid crystal layer 51 is sandwiched between the first substrate 20 and the second substrate 30 to form a first liquid crystal cell, and the second liquid crystal layer 52 is sandwiched between the second substrate 30 and the third substrate 40 to form a second liquid crystal cell.
In this embodiment, a first liquid crystal cell is described by taking an FFS (fringe field switching) display mode as an example, but not limited thereto, in the first liquid crystal cell, the first substrate 20 is a color film substrate, and the second substrate 30 is an array substrate.
The first substrate 20 is provided with a first electrode 23 on a side close to the first liquid crystal layer 51, and the second substrate 30 is provided with a common electrode 32 and a plurality of pixel electrodes 34 on a side close to the first liquid crystal layer 51. The voltage difference between the first electrode 23 and the common electrode 32 is used to switch the first liquid crystal cell to the non-privacy state in the wide viewing angle mode and to the privacy state in the narrow viewing angle mode. In the non-privacy-observing state, the liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer 51 are in a substantially flat lying posture relative to the second substrate 30, for example, an included angle between the liquid crystal molecules and the second substrate 30 is 0 ° to 30 °, and rotate within the fringe electric field generated by the common electrode 32 and the pixel electrode 34 to realize display, and the FFS (fringe electric field switching) display mode enables the first liquid crystal cell to have a relatively large contrast at a large viewing angle. In the privacy-guarding state, the liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer 51 tilt and tilt relative to the second substrate 30, for example, the included angle between the liquid crystal molecules and the second substrate 30 is 30 ° to 90 °, the contrast of the second liquid crystal cell at a large viewing angle is reduced, and the privacy-guarding effect is achieved.
The second substrate 30 is provided with a second electrode 37 on the side close to the second liquid crystal layer 52, and the third substrate 40 is provided with a third electrode 41 on the side close to the second liquid crystal layer 52. The voltage difference between the second electrode 37 and the third electrode 41 is used to switch the second liquid crystal cell to the wide viewing angle filtering state in the wide viewing angle mode and to the narrow viewing angle filtering state in the narrow viewing angle mode. In the wide viewing angle filtering state, the liquid crystal molecules in the second liquid crystal layer 52 are substantially in a flat posture with respect to the second substrate 30, for example, at an angle of 0 ° to 30 ° with respect to the second substrate 30. In the narrow viewing angle filtering state, the liquid crystal molecules in the second liquid crystal layer 52 tilt with respect to the second substrate 30, for example, forming an angle of 30 ° to 90 ° with the second substrate 30. The second liquid crystal box is arranged close to the light-emitting side of the backlight source and used for reducing the brightness of the light-emitting side of the backlight source under a large visual angle in a narrow visual angle mode.
Specifically, referring to fig. 3, the present embodiment provides a display device, which includes a backlight 60 and a display panel, wherein the second liquid crystal cell is located between the backlight 60 and the first liquid crystal cell. The first liquid crystal box is used for realizing picture display, and the first liquid crystal box and the second liquid crystal box are jointly used for controlling wide and narrow visual angle switching. The second liquid crystal box and the backlight source 60 jointly form a wide viewing angle area light source in a wide viewing angle mode, the second liquid crystal box and the backlight source 60 jointly form a narrow viewing angle area light source in a narrow viewing angle mode, the brightness of the narrow viewing angle area light source is high in front view, the brightness of the second liquid crystal box is reduced faster than that of the wide viewing angle area light source along with the increase of the viewing angle, the brightness of the second liquid crystal box is also faster than that of the existing backlight source, the contrast of the first liquid crystal box is reduced under the narrow viewing angle mode under the large viewing angle mode, the peep-proof effect is finally achieved, the problem that two sides of the panel are white in front view is solved, and the problem that the brightness of a bright state under the large viewing angle is lower than the gray scale inversion caused by the brightness of a dark state under the large viewing angle is solved.
Referring to fig. 4, fig. 4 is a schematic diagram showing transmittance curves of the second liquid crystal cell in the wide viewing angle mode and the narrow viewing angle mode, and as the viewing angle increases, the transmittance of the second liquid crystal cell decreases in the narrow viewing angle mode at a faster rate than in the wide viewing angle mode, i.e., the luminance of the narrow viewing angle area light source decreases at a faster rate than that of the wide viewing angle area light source as the viewing angle increases.
Referring to fig. 5, fig. 5 is a schematic diagram showing transmittance curves of the first liquid crystal cell in a narrow viewing angle mode in a dark state and a bright state, and it should be noted that the transmittance curves shown in fig. 4 and fig. 5 are normalized. The liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal box realize picture display under the control of the common electrode 32 and the pixel electrode 34, and tilt up under the control of the first bias electric field E1, so that the dark state brightness under the large visual angle is increased, the contrast is reduced to realize the peep-proof function, but the problem of the high dark state brightness under the large visual angle exists in the backlight source matched with the prior art, the backlight source 60 in the embodiment is matched with the second liquid crystal box to form a narrow visual angle area light source, the light emitted by the narrow visual angle area light source passes through the first liquid crystal box, the peep-proof function can be realized, the dark state brightness under the large visual angle is also reduced, the problem that two sides of the panel are whitish during the front view is avoided, the problem of gray scale inversion under the large visual angle is avoided, and the picture display effect and the peep-proof effect are improved.
Further, the display panel of the embodiment further includes a first polarizer 25, a second polarizer 36, and a third polarizer 43, the first polarizer 25 is disposed on the side of the first substrate 20 away from the first liquid crystal layer 51, the second polarizer 36 is disposed between the pixel electrode 34 and the second electrode 37, and the third polarizer 43 is disposed on the side of the third substrate 40 away from the second liquid crystal layer 52. The transmission axis of the first polarizing plate 25 is perpendicular to the transmission axis of the second polarizing plate 36, and the transmission axis of the second polarizing plate 36 is parallel to the transmission axis of the third polarizing plate 43. The second polarizer 36 is disposed on the side of the second substrate 30 close to the first liquid crystal layer 51, or the second polarizer 36 is disposed on the side of the second substrate 30 close to the second liquid crystal layer 52.
In this embodiment, the first liquid crystal cell and the second liquid crystal cell share the second substrate 30, which not only realizes thinning of the display panel, but also reduces brightness attenuation and improves contrast ratio, because the wide viewing angle area light source or the narrow viewing angle area light source is directly adjacent to the first liquid crystal cell. Only one polarizer is adopted between the first liquid crystal box and the second liquid crystal box, and the second polarizer 36 not only cooperates with the third polarizer 43 to control the brightness of the light-emitting side of the first liquid crystal box, but also cooperates with the first polarizer 25 to realize the picture display of the first liquid crystal box.
The first substrate 20 is further provided with a filter layer on a side facing the first liquid crystal cell, the filter layer being located between the first substrate 20 and the first electrode 23, the filter layer comprising a black matrix 21 and a color resistor 22, the black matrix 21 being provided with an opening, the color resistor 22 being filled in the opening, the color resistor 22 being, for example, an RGB color resistor or an RGBW color resistor. The first electrode 23 may be, for example, a planar electrode whose entire surface is covered with a filter layer, a grid electrode, or a combination of a plurality of stripe electrodes.
The second substrate 30 is further provided with an active element array 31 on a side facing the first liquid crystal layer 51, the active element array 31 includes scan lines, data lines and thin film transistors, the scan lines and the data lines intersect to define a plurality of sub-pixels (sub-pixels) arranged in a matrix, the thin film transistors and the pixel electrodes 34 are located in the corresponding sub-pixels, gates of the thin film transistors are connected to the corresponding scan lines, sources of the thin film transistors are connected to the corresponding data lines, and drains of the thin film transistors are connected to the corresponding pixel electrodes 34. The common electrode 32 and the pixel electrode 34 are located in different layers with the insulating layer 33 interposed therebetween, the pixel electrode 34 is, for example, a slit electrode, and the common electrode 32 is, for example, a planar electrode located below the pixel electrode 34. The common electrode 32 is used to apply a direct current common voltage (DC _ Vcom), the pixel electrode 34 receives the data voltage transmitted by the data line, and a fringe electric field is generated between the pixel electrode 34 and the common electrode 32 to drive the liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer 51 to rotate.
The second electrode 37 and the third electrode 41 are preferably planar electrodes laid over the entire surface, and may be grid-shaped electrodes, or may be formed by combining a plurality of strip-shaped electrodes.
Among them, the first electrode 23, the pixel electrode 34, the common electrode 32, the second electrode 37, and the third electrode 41 are preferably formed of a transparent conductive material, such as Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) or Indium Zinc Oxide (IZO).
Further, the first alignment layer 24 and the second alignment layer 35 are disposed on the upper and lower sides of the first liquid crystal layer 51, and the third alignment layer 38 and the fourth alignment layer 42 are disposed on the upper and lower sides of the second liquid crystal layer 52. The alignment direction of the first alignment layer 24 is parallel or antiparallel to the alignment direction of the second alignment layer 35, and the alignment directions of the first alignment layer 24 and the second alignment layer 35 are both parallel to the transmission axis of the second polarizer 36. The alignment direction of the third alignment layer 38 is parallel or anti-parallel to the alignment direction of the fourth alignment layer 42, and the alignment directions of the third alignment layer 38 and the fourth alignment layer 42 are both parallel to the transmission axis of the second polarizer 36.
The common electrode 32 is used to apply a dc common voltage, which is, for example, 0V or GND (ground potential). The first electrode 23 is for applying a viewing angle control signal, the second electrode 37 is for applying a first brightness control signal, and the second electrode 37 is for applying a second brightness control signal.
In this embodiment, the first liquid crystal layer 51 is made of positive liquid crystal, and the initial pretilt angle of the positive liquid crystal in the first liquid crystal layer 51 with respect to the first substrate 20 and the second substrate 30 is less than 10 °; the second liquid crystal layer 52 employs positive liquid crystal, and the initial pretilt angle of the positive liquid crystal in the second liquid crystal layer 52 with respect to the second and third substrates 30 and 40 is less than 10 °.
In the wide viewing angle mode, the voltage difference between the first electrode 23 and the common electrode 32 is 0 or less, and the voltage difference between the second electrode 37 and the third electrode 41 is 0 or less; in the narrow viewing angle mode, a large voltage difference exists between the first electrode 23 and the common electrode 32, and a large voltage difference exists between the second electrode 37 and the third electrode 41.
The invention also provides a visual angle control method of the display panel, which is suitable for the display panel and comprises the following steps:
applying a dc common voltage to the common electrode 32, applying a viewing angle control signal to the first electrode 23, the voltage difference between the viewing angle control signal and the dc common voltage causing the first liquid crystal cell to switch to a non-privacy state; simultaneously applying a first brightness control signal to the second electrode 37 and a second brightness control signal to the third electrode 41, wherein a voltage difference between the first brightness control signal and the second brightness control signal causes the second liquid crystal cell to switch to a wide viewing angle filtering state to switch the display panel to a wide viewing angle mode;
applying a dc common voltage to the common electrode 32, applying a viewing angle control signal to the first electrode 23, and switching the first liquid crystal cell to a privacy state by a voltage difference between the viewing angle control signal and the dc common voltage; at the same time, a first brightness control signal is applied to the second electrode 37, a second brightness control signal is applied to the third electrode 41, and a voltage difference between the first brightness control signal and the second brightness control signal causes the second liquid crystal cell to switch to a narrow viewing angle filtering state, so that the display panel is switched to a narrow viewing angle mode.
In the present embodiment, the method for controlling the viewing angle of the display panel is specifically described by taking a positive liquid crystal as an example for both the first liquid crystal layer 51 and the second liquid crystal layer 52.
Referring to fig. 1(a) and 1(b), in the step of switching the display panel to the wide viewing angle mode, an absolute value of a voltage difference between the viewing angle control signal and the dc common voltage is less than or equal to a first preset value, and an absolute value of a voltage difference between the first brightness control signal and the second brightness control signal is less than or equal to a second preset value. The first preset value and/or the second preset value is, for example, 0 to 1V, preferably 0V.
Referring to fig. 2(a) and 2(b), in the step of switching the display panel to the narrow viewing angle mode, the viewing angle control signal is a periodic ac voltage with the dc common voltage as a potential symmetry center, and an amplitude of the periodic ac voltage is greater than a third preset value; meanwhile, the potential difference between the first brightness control signal and the second brightness control signal forms an alternating current brightness control voltage, the amplitude of the alternating current brightness control voltage is larger than a fourth preset value, wherein the waveform of the periodic alternating current voltage includes but is not limited to a sine wave, a triangular wave, a square wave and the like, and the third preset value is 2-4V for example. The waveform of the ac brightness control voltage includes, but is not limited to, a sine wave, a triangular wave, a square wave, etc., and the fourth preset value is, for example, 2 to 4V. For example: the first brightness control signal is 1.5V and the second brightness control signal is-1.5V in a half of a period with a period of 0.5, 1 or 2 times of a frame time, and the first brightness control signal is-1.5V and the second brightness control signal is 1.5V in the other half of the period, so that a potential difference between the first brightness control signal and the second brightness control signal forms an AC brightness control voltage with an amplitude of 3V.
In the wide viewing angle mode, the liquid crystal molecules in the second liquid crystal cell are located in a plane substantially parallel to the second substrate 30, the light emitted from the backlight source 60 sequentially passes through the third polarizer 43, the second liquid crystal cell, and the second polarizer 36, the backlight source 60 and the second liquid crystal cell together form a wide viewing angle area source, the liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal cell rotate in the plane substantially parallel to the first substrate 20, and the light emitted from the wide viewing angle area source passes through the first liquid crystal cell, thereby realizing image display and obtaining a wider viewing angle.
In the narrow viewing angle mode, a first bias electric field E1 in the vertical direction is formed in the first liquid crystal cell, a second bias electric field E2 in the vertical direction is formed in the second liquid crystal cell, liquid crystal molecules in the second liquid crystal cell tilt and tilt under the second bias electric field E2, light emitted by the backlight 60 sequentially passes through the third polarizer 43, the second liquid crystal cell and the second polarizer 36, and the backlight 60 and the second liquid crystal cell jointly form a narrow viewing angle area light source. The directions of the first bias electric field E1 and the second bias electric field E2 are periodically reversed to avoid polarization of the liquid crystal.
Further, the amplitude of the ac brightness control voltage is smaller than the amplitude of the periodic ac voltage, that is, the absolute value of the maximum voltage difference between the first brightness control signal and the second brightness control signal is smaller than the absolute value of the maximum voltage difference between the viewing angle control signal and the dc common voltage. For example, a voltage difference between the first luminance control signal and the second luminance control signal constitutes a sine wave having an amplitude of a1, and a voltage difference between the viewing angle control signal and the dc common voltage constitutes a sine wave having an amplitude of a 2; alternatively, the voltage difference between the first luminance control signal and the second luminance control signal forms a square wave having a magnitude of a1, and the voltage difference between the viewing angle control signal and the dc common voltage forms a square wave having a magnitude of a2, where a1 < a 2. The inclination angle of the liquid crystal molecules in the second liquid crystal box relative to the second substrate 30 is smaller than that of the liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal box relative to the second substrate 30, because the liquid crystal molecules in the second liquid crystal box can accelerate the brightness of the narrow visual angle area light source along with the attenuation speed of the visual angle increase to a certain extent under a smaller inclination angle, the requirement for avoiding gray scale inversion is met, the brightness influence of the narrow visual angle area light source when the second liquid crystal box is in front view is smaller, so that the whole display panel has as high bright state brightness as possible when the whole display panel is in front view, and the contrast ratio when the whole display panel is in front view is improved.
Second embodiment
Referring to fig. 6 and fig. 7, there are shown schematic structural diagrams of a display panel according to a second embodiment of the present invention in a wide viewing angle mode and a narrow viewing angle mode, respectively, which are different from the first embodiment in that the second liquid crystal layer 52 uses negative liquid crystal, and the initial pretilt angle of the negative liquid crystal in the second liquid crystal layer 52 with respect to the second substrate 30 and the third substrate 40 is between 30 ° and 85 °.
Referring to fig. 6, in the wide viewing angle mode, the voltage difference between the first electrode 23 and the common electrode 32 is 0 or the voltage difference is small, and a large voltage difference exists between the second electrode 37 and the third electrode 41. Referring to fig. 7, in the narrow viewing angle mode, a large voltage difference exists between the first electrode 23 and the common electrode 32, and a voltage difference between the second electrode 37 and the third electrode 41 is 0 or a small voltage difference.
The present embodiment further provides a method for controlling a viewing angle of a display panel, which is suitable for the display panel of the present embodiment, and the method for controlling a viewing angle includes the following steps:
in the step of switching the display panel to the wide viewing angle mode, an absolute value of a voltage difference between the viewing angle control signal and the direct current common voltage is less than or equal to a first preset value, a potential difference between the first brightness control signal and the second brightness control signal forms an alternating current brightness control voltage, and the amplitude of the alternating current brightness control voltage is greater than a fourth preset value;
in the step of switching the display panel to the narrow viewing angle mode, the viewing angle control signal is a periodic alternating-current voltage with the direct-current common voltage as a potential symmetry center, the amplitude of the periodic alternating-current voltage is greater than a third preset value, and the absolute value of the voltage difference between the first brightness control signal and the second brightness control signal is less than or equal to a second preset value.
In the wide viewing angle mode, a second bias electric field E2 in the vertical direction is formed in the second liquid crystal cell, liquid crystal molecules in the second liquid crystal cell rotate in the second bias electric field E2 to a plane substantially parallel to the second substrate 30, light emitted by the backlight 60 sequentially passes through the third polarizer 43, the second liquid crystal cell and the second polarizer 36, the backlight 60 and the second liquid crystal cell jointly form a wide viewing angle area light source, liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal cell rotate in the plane substantially parallel to the first substrate 20, and light emitted by the wide viewing angle area light source passes through the first liquid crystal cell, so that picture display is realized and a wider viewing angle is obtained.
In the narrow viewing angle mode, the liquid crystal molecules in the second liquid crystal cell have a larger pretilt angle, light emitted by the backlight source 60 sequentially passes through the third polarizer 43, the second liquid crystal cell and the second polarizer 36, and the backlight source 60 and the second liquid crystal cell jointly form a narrow viewing angle area light source, which has high brightness in front view and is faster in brightness reduction than a wide viewing angle area light source along with the increase of the viewing angle. The liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal cell realize picture display under the control of the common electrode 32 and the pixel electrode 34, and tilt under the first bias electric field E1, so that the dark state brightness under a large viewing angle is increased, and the contrast is reduced. The light that narrow visual angle area source sent passes first liquid crystal cell, can not only realize the peep-proof function, has also reduced dark state luminance under the large visual angle, has avoided the problem that the panel both sides are whitish when looking forward, and has avoided the problem of grey scale reversal under the large visual angle, has improved picture display effect and peep-proof effect.
Third embodiment
Referring to fig. 8 and fig. 9, which respectively show the schematic structural diagrams of the display panel according to the third embodiment of the present invention in the wide viewing angle mode and the narrow viewing angle mode, the difference from the first embodiment is that the first liquid crystal layer 51 adopts negative liquid crystal, and the initial pretilt angle of the negative liquid crystal in the first liquid crystal layer 51 with respect to the first substrate 20 and the second substrate 30 is between 30 ° and 85 °.
Referring to fig. 8, in the wide viewing angle mode, a large voltage difference exists between the first electrode 23 and the common electrode 32, and a voltage difference between the second electrode 37 and the third electrode 41 is 0 or a small voltage difference. Referring to fig. 9, in the narrow viewing angle mode, the voltage difference between the first electrode 23 and the common electrode 32 is 0 or the voltage difference is small, and a large voltage difference exists between the second electrode 37 and the third electrode 41.
The present embodiment further provides a viewing angle control method of a display panel, which is suitable for the display panel of the present embodiment, and the viewing angle control method includes the following steps:
in the step of switching the display panel to the wide viewing angle mode, the viewing angle control signal is a periodic alternating-current voltage which takes the direct-current common voltage as a potential symmetry center, the amplitude of the periodic alternating-current voltage is greater than a third preset value, and the absolute value of the voltage difference between the first brightness control signal and the second brightness control signal is less than or equal to a second preset value;
in the step of switching the display panel to the narrow viewing angle mode, an absolute value of a voltage difference between the viewing angle control signal and the dc common voltage is less than or equal to a first preset value, and a potential difference between the first brightness control signal and the second brightness control signal constitutes an ac brightness control voltage, an amplitude of the ac brightness control voltage is greater than a fourth preset value.
Fourth embodiment
The fourth embodiment of the present invention provides a display panel, a method for controlling a viewing angle of a display panel, and a display device, which are different from the first embodiment in that negative liquid crystals are used in the first liquid crystal layer 51 and the second liquid crystal layer 52, an initial pretilt angle of the negative liquid crystals in the first liquid crystal layer 51 with respect to the first substrate 20 and the second substrate 30 is between 30 ° and 85 °, and an initial pretilt angle of the negative liquid crystals in the second liquid crystal layer 52 with respect to the second substrate 30 and the third substrate 40 is between 30 ° and 85 °.
In the wide viewing angle mode, a large voltage difference exists between the first electrode 23 and the common electrode 32, and a large voltage difference exists between the second electrode 37 and the third electrode 41; in the narrow viewing angle mode, the voltage difference between the first electrode 23 and the common electrode 32 is 0 or the voltage difference is small, and the voltage difference between the second electrode 37 and the third electrode 41 is 0 or the voltage difference is small.
The present embodiment further provides a viewing angle control method of a display panel, which is suitable for the display panel of the present embodiment, and the viewing angle control method includes the following steps:
in the step of switching the display panel to the wide viewing angle mode, the viewing angle control signal is a periodic alternating voltage which takes the direct current public voltage as a potential symmetry center, the amplitude of the periodic alternating voltage is greater than a third preset value, the potential difference between the first brightness control signal and the second brightness control signal forms an alternating current brightness control voltage, and the amplitude of the alternating current brightness control voltage is greater than a fourth preset value;
in the step of switching the display panel to the narrow viewing angle mode, an absolute value of a voltage difference between the viewing angle control signal and the dc common voltage is less than or equal to a first preset value, and an absolute value of a voltage difference between the first brightness control signal and the second brightness control signal is less than or equal to a second preset value.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and the changes or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (7)
1. A display device comprising a display panel and a backlight (60), the display panel comprising a first substrate (20), a first liquid crystal layer (51), a second substrate (30), a second liquid crystal layer (52) and a third substrate (40), the first liquid crystal layer (51) being sandwiched between the first substrate (20) and the second substrate (30) to form a first liquid crystal cell, the second liquid crystal layer (52) being sandwiched between the second substrate (30) and the third substrate (40) to form a second liquid crystal cell, the second liquid crystal cell being located between the backlight (60) and the first liquid crystal cell; it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,
the first substrate (20) is provided with a first electrode (23) at one side close to the first liquid crystal layer (51), and the second substrate (30) is provided with a common electrode (32) and a pixel electrode (34) at one side close to the first liquid crystal layer (51); a voltage difference between the first electrode (23) and the common electrode (32) is used to switch the first liquid crystal cell to a non-privacy state in a wide viewing angle mode and to a privacy state in a narrow viewing angle mode;
the second substrate (30) is provided with a second electrode (37) at one side close to the second liquid crystal layer (52), and the third substrate (40) is provided with a third electrode (41) at one side close to the second liquid crystal layer (52); a voltage difference between the second electrode (37) and the third electrode (41) is used to switch the second liquid crystal cell to a wide viewing angle filtering state in a wide viewing angle mode and to a narrow viewing angle filtering state in a narrow viewing angle mode;
the display panel further comprises a second polarizer (36), a first alignment layer (24) and a second alignment layer (35) are respectively arranged on the upper side and the lower side of the first liquid crystal layer (51), and a third alignment layer (38) and a fourth alignment layer (42) are respectively arranged on the upper side and the lower side of the second liquid crystal layer (52);
the alignment direction of the first alignment layer (24) is parallel to or antiparallel to the alignment direction of the second alignment layer (35), and the alignment direction of the first alignment layer (24) and the alignment direction of the second alignment layer (35) are both parallel to the transmission axis of the second polarizer (36);
the alignment direction of the third alignment layer (38) is parallel or antiparallel to the alignment direction of the fourth alignment layer (42), and the alignment direction of the third alignment layer (38) and the alignment direction of the fourth alignment layer (42) are both parallel to the transmission axis of the second polarizer (36);
in a narrow viewing angle mode, liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer (51) and the second liquid crystal layer (52) are tilted and tilted relative to the second substrate (30);
the display panel further comprises a first polaroid (25) and a third polaroid (43), wherein the first polaroid (25) is arranged on one side, away from the first liquid crystal layer (51), of the first substrate (20), the second polaroid (36) is positioned between the pixel electrode (34) and the second electrode (37), and the third polaroid (43) is arranged on one side, away from the second liquid crystal layer (52), of the third substrate (40);
the transmission axis of the first polarizer (25) is vertical to that of the second polarizer (36), and the transmission axis of the second polarizer (36) is parallel to that of the third polarizer (43).
2. The display device of claim 1,
the first liquid crystal layer (51) adopts positive liquid crystal; in a wide viewing angle mode, a voltage difference between the first electrode (23) and the common electrode (32) is 0 or a voltage difference is small; in the narrow viewing angle mode, a large voltage difference exists between the first electrode (23) and the common electrode (32);
alternatively, the first liquid crystal layer (51) adopts negative liquid crystal; in a wide viewing angle mode, a large voltage difference exists between the first electrode (23) and the common electrode (32); in the narrow viewing angle mode, a voltage difference between the first electrode (23) and the common electrode (32) is 0 or a voltage difference is small.
3. The display device of claim 1,
the second liquid crystal layer (52) adopts positive liquid crystal; in a wide viewing angle mode, a voltage difference between the second electrode (37) and the third electrode (41) is 0 or a voltage difference is small; in the narrow viewing angle mode, a large voltage difference exists between the second electrode (37) and the third electrode (41);
alternatively, the second liquid crystal layer (52) adopts negative liquid crystal; in a wide viewing angle mode, a large voltage difference exists between the second electrode (37) and the third electrode (41); in the narrow viewing angle mode, a voltage difference between the second electrode (37) and the third electrode (41) is 0 or a voltage difference is small.
4. A viewing angle control method of a display panel, which is applied to the display panel according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the steps of:
applying a dc common voltage to the common electrode (32), applying a viewing angle control signal to the first electrode (23), a voltage difference between the viewing angle control signal and the dc common voltage causing the first liquid crystal cell to switch to a non-privacy state; simultaneously applying a first brightness control signal to the second electrode (37) and a second brightness control signal to the third electrode (41), wherein a voltage difference between the first brightness control signal and the second brightness control signal causes the second liquid crystal cell to switch to a wide viewing angle filtering state to switch the display panel to a wide viewing angle mode;
applying a dc common voltage to the common electrode (32), applying a viewing angle control signal to the first electrode (23), a voltage difference between the viewing angle control signal and the dc common voltage causing the first liquid crystal cell to switch to a privacy state; and simultaneously applying a first brightness control signal to the second electrode (37) and a second brightness control signal to the third electrode (41), wherein a voltage difference between the first brightness control signal and the second brightness control signal causes the second liquid crystal cell to be switched to a narrow viewing angle filtering state so as to switch the display panel to a narrow viewing angle mode.
5. The viewing angle control method of a display panel according to claim 4,
the first liquid crystal layer (51) adopts positive liquid crystal; in the step of switching the display panel to a wide viewing angle mode, an absolute value of a voltage difference between the viewing angle control signal and the dc common voltage is less than or equal to a first preset value; in the step of switching the display panel to the narrow viewing angle mode, the viewing angle control signal is a periodic alternating voltage with the direct current common voltage as a potential symmetry center, and the amplitude of the periodic alternating voltage is greater than a third preset value;
alternatively, the first liquid crystal layer (51) adopts negative liquid crystal; in the step of switching the display panel to the wide view angle mode, the view angle control signal is a periodic alternating voltage which takes the direct current common voltage as a potential symmetry center, and the amplitude of the periodic alternating voltage is greater than a third preset value; in the step of switching the display panel to a narrow viewing angle mode, an absolute value of a voltage difference between the viewing angle control signal and the dc common voltage is less than or equal to a first preset value.
6. The viewing angle control method of a display panel according to claim 5,
the second liquid crystal layer (52) adopts positive liquid crystal; in the step of switching the display panel to a wide viewing angle mode, an absolute value of a voltage difference between the first brightness control signal and the second brightness control signal is less than or equal to a second preset value; in the step of switching the display panel to the narrow viewing angle mode, a potential difference between the first brightness control signal and the second brightness control signal forms an alternating current brightness control voltage, and the amplitude of the alternating current brightness control voltage is greater than a fourth preset value;
alternatively, the second liquid crystal layer (52) adopts negative liquid crystal; in the step of switching the display panel to a wide viewing angle mode, the potential difference between the first brightness control signal and the second brightness control signal forms an alternating current brightness control voltage, and the amplitude of the alternating current brightness control voltage is greater than a fourth preset value; in the step of switching the display panel to the narrow viewing angle mode, an absolute value of a voltage difference between the first brightness control signal and the second brightness control signal is less than or equal to a second preset value.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the amplitude of the AC brightness control voltage is less than the amplitude of the periodic AC voltage.
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| CN111308745A (en) * | 2020-03-02 | 2020-06-19 | 重庆京东方光电科技有限公司 | Display panel and display method of display device |
| CN111240108A (en) * | 2020-03-19 | 2020-06-05 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | Touch display panel and display device |
| CN111812874B (en) * | 2020-07-02 | 2021-07-06 | 深圳市华星光电半导体显示技术有限公司 | Method and device for adjusting dark state visual angle of display panel |
| CN112130360A (en) * | 2020-09-29 | 2020-12-25 | 厦门天马微电子有限公司 | Display panel, display device and display method |
| CN112764278B (en) * | 2021-01-05 | 2022-09-09 | 惠州市华星光电技术有限公司 | Liquid crystal display panel and liquid crystal display device |
| CN113009742A (en) * | 2021-02-26 | 2021-06-22 | 昆山龙腾光电股份有限公司 | Display device with switchable visual angle |
| JP2023000275A (en) * | 2021-06-17 | 2023-01-04 | シャープディスプレイテクノロジー株式会社 | Display device |
| CN113703155B (en) * | 2021-09-08 | 2023-09-26 | 武汉华星光电技术有限公司 | Display device |
| CN113835247B (en) | 2021-09-30 | 2023-09-15 | 上海天马微电子有限公司 | Display module, driving method thereof, display device and vehicle |
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| CN114236888A (en) * | 2021-12-14 | 2022-03-25 | 武汉华星光电技术有限公司 | Display device and display terminal |
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