CN115342760A - Dump landslide early warning method, system, terminal and storage medium - Google Patents
Dump landslide early warning method, system, terminal and storage medium Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method, a system, a terminal and a storage medium for early warning of dump landslide, wherein the method comprises the following steps: collecting bending guided wave signals between a waveguide tube and a side slope to obtain waveguide signal data; respectively drawing an event curve, a ringing curve and an energy rate curve according to the waveguide signal data; detecting the curve characteristics of the event curve, the ringing curve and the energy rate curve; if the curve characteristic detection of the event curve, the ringing curve and the energy rate curve is qualified, determining a landslide early warning value according to the bending guided wave event, and drawing a landslide early warning curve according to the landslide early warning value; and if the landslide early warning curve meets the landslide condition, judging that the side slope has a landslide risk, and sending a landslide early warning prompt aiming at the refuse dump. According to the invention, through analyzing the bending guided wave signals between the waveguide tube and the side slope, the landslide analysis can be automatically carried out on the side slope, the condition of the side slope in the waste dump is not required to be monitored by using monitoring equipment manually, the labor cost and the equipment cost are reduced, and the use cost of the landslide early warning of the waste dump is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of data processing, and particularly relates to a dump landslide early warning method, a dump landslide early warning system, a dump landslide early warning terminal and a storage medium.
Background
With the rapid development of Chinese economy, in the engineering construction of mines, roads, railways, water conservancy and hydropower and the like, the excavation of side slopes in a refuse dump is involved, and the problem of side slope instability of different types and scales is often faced. Side slope landslide becomes one of the most frequent geological disasters, seriously threatens the life and property safety of people and influences the safety construction and operation of engineering, so that the problem of landslide early warning in a refuse dump is more and more emphasized by people.
In the existing early warning process of the landslide of the dump, the state of the side slope in the dump is generally monitored through manual use of monitoring equipment such as a theodolite, a level gauge and a total station, and the landslide early warning of the dump is sent out based on a side slope monitoring result.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a method, a system, a terminal and a storage medium for early warning of dump landslide, which specifically adopt the following technical scheme:
a dump landslide early warning method, the method comprising:
placing a waveguide tube in a side slope of a refuse dump, and collecting a bending guided wave signal between the waveguide tube and the side slope to obtain waveguide signal data;
determining an event rate, a ring counting rate and an energy rate between the waveguide tube and the side slope according to the waveguide signal data, and respectively drawing an event curve, a ring curve and an energy rate curve according to the event rate, the ring counting rate and the energy rate;
performing curve characteristic detection on the event curve, the ringing curve and the energy rate curve, wherein the curve characteristic detection is used for detecting the consistency of curve characteristics among the event curve, the ringing curve and the energy rate curve;
if the curve characteristic detection of the event curve, the ringing curve and the energy rate curve is qualified, determining a landslide early warning value according to a bending guided wave event in the waveguide signal data, and drawing a landslide early warning curve according to the landslide early warning value;
and if the landslide early warning curve meets the landslide condition, judging that the landslide risk exists on the side slope, and sending a landslide early warning prompt aiming at the refuse dump.
Preferably, the performing curve feature detection on the event curve, the ringing curve and the energy curve includes:
respectively obtaining the maximum amplitude values in the event curve, the ringing curve and the energy rate curve to obtain an event rate amplitude value, a ringing count amplitude value and an energy rate amplitude value;
if the event rate amplitude, the ringing count amplitude and the energy rate amplitude are all larger than the corresponding amplitude threshold, obtaining a difference value between adjacent event rates in the event curve to obtain an event rate difference value;
if the event rate difference is larger than a first difference threshold, performing feature marking on the adjacent event rates, and generating an event feature area according to the event rate subjected to feature marking in the event curve;
obtaining a difference value between adjacent ringing count rates in the ringing curve to obtain a ringing count difference value;
if the ringing count difference is larger than a second difference threshold, performing characteristic marking on the adjacent ringing count rate, and generating a ringing characteristic area in the ringing curve according to the ringing count rate marked by the characteristic marking;
acquiring a difference value between adjacent energy rates in the energy rate curve to obtain an energy rate difference value;
if the energy difference value is larger than a third difference threshold value, carrying out feature marking on the adjacent energy rates, and generating an energy rate feature region according to the feature marked energy rate in the energy rate curve;
comparing the event characteristic region, the ringing characteristic region and the energy rate characteristic region in time;
if the time comparison of the event characteristic area, the ringing characteristic area and the energy rate characteristic area is qualified, judging that the curve characteristic detection of the event curve, the ringing curve and the energy rate curve is qualified;
and if the time comparison of the event characteristic area, the ringing characteristic area and the energy rate characteristic area is unqualified, judging that the curve characteristic detection of the event curve, the ringing curve and the energy rate curve is unqualified.
The method comprises the steps of obtaining an event rate amplitude, a ringing count amplitude and an energy rate amplitude by respectively obtaining the maximum amplitude in an event curve, a ringing curve and an energy rate curve, automatically judging whether the event curve, the ringing curve and the energy rate curve meet curve characteristics when landslide occurs based on the judgment between the event rate amplitude, the ringing count amplitude and the energy rate amplitude and corresponding amplitude threshold values, obtaining an event rate difference value based on the difference value between adjacent event rates in the event curve, automatically generating an event characteristic area based on the judgment between the event rate difference value and a first difference threshold value, automatically generating a ringing characteristic area based on the judgment between the ringing count difference value and a second difference threshold value, automatically generating an energy rate characteristic area based on the judgment between the energy rate difference value and a third difference threshold value, and automatically judging whether the curve characteristics of the event curve, the ringing curve and the energy rate curve are qualified or not by carrying out time comparison on the event characteristic area, the ringing characteristic area and the energy rate characteristic area;
preferably, the time comparison of the event feature region, the ringing feature region and the energy rate feature region includes:
respectively acquiring the starting time and the ending time of the event characteristic region, the ringing characteristic region and the energy rate characteristic region to obtain a first time range, a second time range and a third time range;
respectively calculating time length difference values among the first time range, the second time range and the third time range;
and if the time difference values are smaller than the time threshold, judging that the time comparison of the event characteristic area, the ringing characteristic area and the energy rate characteristic area is qualified.
The time length difference values among the first time range, the second time range and the third time range are respectively calculated, and whether the time comparison of the event characteristic region, the ringing characteristic region and the energy rate characteristic region is qualified or not can be effectively judged based on the comparison of each time length difference value and the time length threshold value; preferably, the determining a landslide warning value according to a bending guided wave event in the waveguide signal data includes:
respectively obtaining the bending guided wave amplitude of each bending guided wave event in the waveguide signal data, and calculating the landslide early warning value according to the bending guided wave amplitude;
the formula for calculating the landslide early warning value according to the bending guided wave amplitude comprises the following steps:
lg[N(A/20)]＝a-b×(A/20)
wherein A is the bending guided wave amplitude, N (A/20) is the accumulated frequency of bending guided wave events with bending guided wave amplitudes greater than A/20, a is an empirical constant, and b is the landslide pre-warning value.
The landslide early warning value can be effectively calculated based on the bending guided wave amplitude by respectively obtaining the bending guided wave amplitude of each bending guided wave event in the waveguide signal data, so that the accuracy of the landslide early warning value is improved;
preferably, the placing of the waveguide in a side slope of a refuse dump comprises:
obtaining historical landslide information of the refuse dump, and determining the side slope according to the historical landslide information;
acquiring geological information and position information of the side slope, and determining hole spacing and the number of the waveguide tubes according to the geological information;
and drilling holes are formed in the side slope according to the hole spacing, and each waveguide is inserted into the corresponding drilling hole.
The method comprises the steps that historical landslide information is obtained, a side slope can be automatically determined based on the historical landslide information, and hole spacing and the number of waveguide tubes can be automatically determined based on geological information by obtaining geological information and position information of the side slope, so that the accuracy of waveguide tube placement is improved;
preferably, after each waveguide is inserted into the corresponding borehole, the method further includes:
arranging an acoustic wave sensor on each waveguide tube, and connecting the acoustic wave sensor with an amplifier;
and setting the gain of the amplifier, connecting the amplifier with the gain with a filter, and setting the frequency of the filter.
Preferably, the waveguide has a diameter of 30mm, a wall thickness of 2mm and a length L Rod ＝L Hole(s) +0.3m， L Hole(s) The waveguide rod has a density of 7850kg/m for the pitch of the bore holes of the waveguide tube 3 The elastic modulus is 210GPa, the Poisson ratio is 0.3, the longitudinal wave attenuation coefficient is 0.03Np/wl, and the transverse wave attenuation coefficient is 0.08Np/wl.
The quality of the acoustic emission signals on the waveguide tube is improved by setting the diameter, the length, the density, the elastic modulus, the Poisson ratio, the longitudinal wave attenuation coefficient and the transverse wave attenuation coefficient of the waveguide tube; another object of an embodiment of the present invention is to provide a refuse dump landslide warning system, including:
the signal acquisition unit is used for placing the waveguide tube in a side slope of a refuse dump and acquiring a bending guided wave signal between the waveguide tube and the side slope to obtain waveguide signal data;
the curve drawing unit is used for determining the event rate, the ring counting rate and the energy rate between the waveguide tube and the side slope according to the waveguide signal data, and respectively drawing an event curve, a ring curve and an energy rate curve according to the event rate, the ring counting rate and the energy rate;
a characteristic detection unit, configured to perform curve characteristic detection on the event curve, the ringing curve, and the energy rate curve, where the curve characteristic detection is configured to detect consistency of curve characteristics among the event curve, the ringing curve, and the energy rate curve;
the early warning value determining unit is used for determining a landslide early warning value according to a bending guided wave event in the waveguide signal data and drawing a landslide early warning curve according to the landslide early warning value if the curve characteristics of the event curve, the ringing curve and the energy rate curve are detected to be qualified;
and the landslide early warning unit is used for judging that the landslide risk exists on the side slope if the landslide early warning curve meets the landslide condition and sending a landslide early warning prompt aiming at the refuse dump.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the method comprises the steps of placing a waveguide tube in a side slope of the dump, effectively collecting bent guided wave signals between the waveguide tube and the side slope to obtain waveguide signal data, effectively drawing an event curve, a ringing curve and an energy rate curve based on the waveguide signal data, automatically detecting the consistency of curve characteristics among the event curve, the ringing curve and the energy rate curve by carrying out curve characteristic detection on the event curve, the ringing curve and the energy rate curve, automatically determining and drawing a landslide early warning curve by the bent guided wave events in the waveguide signal data, and effectively detecting whether the side slope has landslide risk by analyzing the landslide early warning curve. It is another object of the embodiments of the present invention to provide a terminal device, which includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, and the processor implements the steps of the method when executing the computer program.
It is a further object of embodiments of the present invention to provide a computer-readable storage medium, in which a computer program is stored, which, when being executed by a processor, carries out the above-mentioned method steps.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the method comprises the steps of placing a waveguide tube in a side slope of the dump, effectively collecting bent guided wave signals between the waveguide tube and the side slope to obtain waveguide signal data, effectively drawing an event curve, a ringing curve and an energy rate curve based on the waveguide signal data, automatically detecting the consistency of curve characteristics among the event curve, the ringing curve and the energy rate curve by detecting the curve characteristics of the event curve, the ringing curve and the energy rate curve, automatically determining and drawing a landslide early warning curve by the bent guided wave events in the waveguide signal data, and effectively detecting whether the side slope has landslide risks by analyzing landslide conditions of the landslide early warning curve.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the installation position between a waveguide and a slope according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a flowchart of a method for early warning of a dump landslide according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a free hollow cylinder structure in cylindrical coordinates provided by a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the change in ring count rate over time during a dump instability provided by a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the event rate and energy rate over time during a dump destabilization provided by a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the number of accumulated events, the number of accumulated ringing counts, and the accumulated energy over time during a dump instability event according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a curve of event rate and landslide warning value over time during a dump instability process according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a flowchart of a method for early warning of a dump landslide according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a dump landslide warning system according to a third embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a terminal device according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
In order to explain the technical means of the present invention, the following description will be given by way of specific examples.
Referring to fig. 1, a waveguide is disposed in a side slope of a dump, an acoustic sensor is disposed on the waveguide, when the side slope of the dump slides and deforms, the waveguide interacts with waste rocks in the dump, generated acoustic emission signals propagate along the waveguide in the form of guided waves, the characteristics of reduced guided wave attenuation and long propagation distance are combined, the stability of the side slope of the dump is monitored by using a guided wave technology, and early warning is performed on the side slope of the dump through the influence rule of the side slope of the dump on the parameter characteristics (such as event rate, ringing count rate, energy rate and the like) of bending guided wave signals.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 2, a flowchart of a dump landslide warning method according to a first embodiment of the present invention is shown, where the dump landslide warning method can be applied to any terminal device or system, and the dump landslide warning method includes the steps of:
step S10, placing a waveguide tube in a side slope of a refuse dump, and collecting a bending guided wave signal between the waveguide tube and the side slope to obtain waveguide signal data;
wherein, through placing the waveguide pipe in the side slope of refuse dump, can gather the waveguide signal data between waveguide pipe and the side slope effectively, provide the data basis for the refuse dump landslide early warning effectively based on this waveguide signal data, optionally, in this step, place the waveguide pipe in the side slope of refuse dump, include:
obtaining historical landslide information of the refuse dump, and determining the side slope according to the historical landslide information; inquiring a latest landslide event in a refuse dump based on historical landslide information, and acquiring information of a side slope in the inquired landslide event;
acquiring geological information and position information of the side slope, and determining hole spacing and the number of the waveguide tubes according to the geological information; in the step, the hole spacing is obtained by matching the obtained geological information with a pre-stored spacing query table, wherein the corresponding relationship between different geological information and the corresponding hole spacing is stored in the spacing query table, the length of the bottom edge of the side slope is obtained, and the number N of the waveguide tubes is determined according to the length of the bottom edge of the side slope and the hole spacing;
drilling holes are formed in the side slope according to the hole spacing, and each waveguide tube is inserted into the corresponding drilling hole; wherein, the direction of drilling on the slope is perpendicular downwards, and the drilling aperture is the diameter of waveguide pipe.
Further, in this step, after inserting each waveguide into the corresponding drill hole, the method further includes:
arranging an acoustic wave sensor on each waveguide tube, and connecting the acoustic wave sensor with an amplifier;
setting the gain of the amplifier, connecting the amplifier with the gain with a filter, and setting the frequency of the filter;
the waveguide rod is exposed out of 0.3m on the ground surface, the acoustic wave sensor is installed on the side surface of the waveguide tube and connected with the preamplifier, the gain of the amplifier is set to be 40dB, the signal to noise ratio is improved, the filter is connected, the frequency is limited within the range of 10-40 kHz, background noise caused by the environment is eliminated, the threshold value of the signal is set to be 33dB, and the guided wave monitoring electronic elements (the amplifier, the filter, the central processing unit and other equipment) are covered by the protective cover.
Furthermore, in this embodiment, the filter is connected to a data acquisition and processing system, data of each monitoring point is stored in different categories, the data acquisition and processing system is powered by a solar storage battery, and a signal acquisition base station is established near a side slope, so as to avoid the problems of insufficient power supply of the solar storage battery and limited storage capacity of the data acquisition and processing system after a period of operation, and reduce the monitoring cost of a user, and only record and store characteristic parameters of guided wave ringing count, where the ringing count is the number of times that the amplitude of a guided wave signal crosses a preset threshold voltage in a period of time.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the monitoring and acquisition of the guided wave signal are continuous, and the data acquired by the signal base station is remotely accessed and downloaded by installing the wireless signal transmission unit. Under normal working conditions, working personnel remotely access the sensor every day, download the acquired information data, sort and summarize the information data, check the information data on site every week, and monitor the acquired data every three hours under the condition of no damage, rainfall or external operation interference; data were monitored every hour under extreme weather or strong external work disturbances.
Preferably, the present embodiment further optimizes the tube diameter of the waveguide tube, and based on the elastic dynamics theory, establishes an air-tube-air three-dimensional model under the cylindrical coordinates, assumes that the excited guided wave propagates in the guided wave in the form of simple harmonic, and establishes a dispersion equation of the bending guided wave in the waveguide tube by using a global matrix method according to the continuous conditions of displacement and stress, and the derivation steps are as follows:
in order to establish the dispersion equation of the guided waves in the free hollow cylinder structure, certain assumptions are first made to facilitate the solution of the dispersion equation, the basic assumptions being as follows:
(a) The hollow cylinder structure is axisymmetric and has an infinite size along the axial direction;
(b) The hollow cylinder structure is a uniform, isotropic elastic medium;
(c) The air medium around the hollow cylinder structure is regarded as vacuum;
(d) The guided wave propagating in the hollow cylindrical structure is a continuous energy signal;
please refer to fig. 3, which is a schematic diagram of a free hollow cylinder structure in a cylindrical coordinate, wherein r in fig. 3 1 Is the inner radius of the free hollow cylinder structure, r 2 Is the outer radius of the free hollow cylinder structure and assumes that the guided wave propagates along the z-axis.
In the case of a free hollow cylinder structure in a cylindrical coordinate system, the wave equation in the medium can be expressed as:
in the formula: delta is an expression of the volume strain under a cylindrical coordinate system:
ω r ，ω θ and ω θ For three orthogonal rotation amounts, the displacement gradient expressions are:
helmholtz (Helmholtz) decomposition by displacement:
and vector algorithm in the cylindrical coordinate system, and obtaining displacement expressions in three directions of r, theta and z under the cylindrical coordinate system as follows:
in the formula psi r ，ψ θ ，ψ z Is the component of vector potential psi in three directions r, theta and z.
The scalar potential phi and the vector expression psi satisfy:
at the same time, the three components of the vector potential Ψ satisfy the following equations:
in the formula:
the Laplace operator in a cylindrical coordinate system is defined as:
the stress-strain relationship under the cylindrical coordinate system is as follows:
the bending guided wave is related to a circumferential angle theta, the circumferential order can represent most of the conditions when the circumferential order is 1, and according to the derivation of Gazis, the displacement field can be expressed as:
in the formula: k is the wave number and ω is the circular frequency of the wave.
f＝AZ 1 (α 1 r)+BW 1 (α 1 r)
g 1 ＝A 1 Z 2 (β 1 r)+B 1 W 2 (β 1 r)
g 3 ＝A 3 Z 1 (β 1 r)+B 3 W 1 (β 1 r)
Wherein Z is 1 、W 1 Is a first order Bessel function, Z 2 、W 2 Is a second order bessel function;
c L is the longitudinal wave velocity in the free hollow cylinder structure; c. C T Is freeShear wave velocity in the cardioid cylindrical structure;
α 1 ＝|α|，β 1 ＝|β|。
FIG. 3 shows an infinitely long unstressed hollow cylinder model in which the coordinate axis z is the center line of the cylinder and r 1 、r 2 Respectively the inner radius and the outer radius of the cylinder. The boundary conditions are as follows: at r = r 1 And r = r 2 A of rr ＝σ rz ＝σ rθ ＝0。
According to Hooke's law, the stress component of the stress field can be obtained:
in the formula: λ and μ are the Lame constants of the free hollow cylindrical waveguide rod, respectively.
Substituting the above three formulas into boundary conditions to obtain the amplitude A, B, A 1 、B 1 、A 3 、B 3 The characteristic equation consisting of the coefficient determinant of (a):
[c ij ] 6×6 [A B A 1 B 1 A 3 B 3 ] T ＝[0 0 0 0 0 0] T
for the above formula to have a non-zero solution, the determinant of the coefficient matrix is zero, i.e.: l c ij |＝0
This equation is the frequency dispersion equation for the bending guided waves in the free hollow cylinder structure.
The material parameters of the free hollow cylinder waveguide structure calculated by theoretical analysis are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 waveguide Material parameters
And (3) solving a frequency dispersion equation of the bending guided wave in the waveguide by using extrapolation prediction and a dual-scale iterative approximation algorithm numerical value to obtain an attenuation frequency dispersion curve of the bending guided wave of the waveguide with the inner diameter of 30-34 mm and the wall thickness of 2-6 mm, and calculating and comparing the attenuation frequency dispersion curves of the bending guided wave of the waveguide with different inner diameters and wall thicknesses to obtain the optimal waveguide size.
Preferably, in this embodiment, the waveguide has a diameter of 30mm, a wall thickness of 2mm, and a length L Rod ＝L Hole(s) +0.3m， L Hole(s) The waveguide rod has a density of 7850kg/m for the pitch of the bore holes of the waveguide 3 The elastic modulus is 210GPa, the Poisson ratio is 0.3, the longitudinal wave attenuation coefficient is 0.03Np/wl, and the transverse wave attenuation coefficient is 0.08Np/wl.
Step S20, determining an event rate, a ring count rate and an energy rate between the waveguide tube and the slope according to the waveguide signal data, and respectively drawing an event curve, a ring curve and an energy rate curve according to the event rate, the ring count rate and the energy rate;
the method comprises the steps of sending collected waveguide signal data to a central processing unit, processing the waveguide signal data by matlab software to obtain characteristic parameters such as event rate, ringing count rate, energy rate and accumulated ringing count, respectively drawing an event curve, a ringing curve and an energy rate curve according to the event rate, the ringing count rate and the energy rate, and effectively representing the change trends of the parameters such as the event rate, the ringing count rate and the energy rate on the basis of the drawn event curve, ringing curve and energy rate curve.
Specifically, referring to fig. 4 to 5, when the side slope of the dump is in a stable state, the event rate, the ring count rate, and the energy rate are maintained at low levels, and when a landslide occurs, the event rate, the ring count rate, and the energy rate rapidly increase, a data peak occurs, and then rapidly decrease as the side slope returns to a stable state.
Step S30, carrying out curve characteristic detection on the event curve, the ringing curve and the energy rate curve, wherein the curve characteristic detection is used for detecting the consistency of curve characteristics among the event curve, the ringing curve and the energy rate curve;
when the stability of the dump is monitored based on waveguide signal data, the overall evolution trends of an event curve, a ringing curve and an energy rate curve are the same and are all in an ascending trend, and the event curve, the ringing curve and the energy rate curve are in step change when a landslide occurs; referring to fig. 6, the cumulative ringing count is the total number of ringing counts in the waveguide signal data, the cumulative energy is the total number of energy in the waveguide signal data, the cumulative event number is the total number of curved guided wave events in the waveguide signal data, the step phenomenon of the cumulative ringing count is more obvious, the cumulative energy is far greater than the cumulative ringing count and the cumulative event number in value, and some small changes, such as rock fall and partial landslide, can be qualitatively described for the landslide of the debris field by the cumulative guided wave parameters, but the landslide events reflected by the parameters are slightly different;
in the step, the consistency of the curve characteristics among the event curve, the ringing curve and the energy rate curve can be automatically detected by detecting the curve characteristics of the event curve, the ringing curve and the energy rate curve, namely, whether step-type change occurs in the event curve, the ringing curve and the energy rate curve is respectively judged; and if any curve is detected to have step-type change, judging that the curve characteristic detection of the corresponding curve is qualified.
Step S40, if the curve characteristic detection of the event curve, the ringing curve and the energy rate curve is qualified, determining a landslide early warning value according to a bending guided wave event in the waveguide signal data, and drawing a landslide early warning curve according to the landslide early warning value;
after drawing a landslide early warning curve according to a landslide early warning value, detecting a landslide condition on the landslide early warning curve, and early warning the stability of a side slope of a refuse dump by determining the landslide early warning value (b value), wherein the landslide condition is used for detecting whether curve characteristics of the landslide early warning curve meet curve characteristics when landslide occurs or not, and optionally, in the step, determining the landslide early warning value according to a bending guided wave event in waveguide signal data comprises the following steps:
respectively obtaining the bending guided wave amplitude of each bending guided wave event in the waveguide signal data, and calculating the landslide early warning value according to the bending guided wave amplitude; the formula for calculating the landslide early warning value according to the bending guided wave amplitude comprises the following steps:
lg[N(A/20)]＝a-b×(A/20)
wherein A is the bending guided wave amplitude, N (A/20) is the accumulated frequency of the bending guided wave event with the bending guided wave amplitude larger than A/20, a is an empirical constant, and b is a landslide early warning value; in the step, a landslide early warning value is calculated by using a least square method, the magnitude of an event is usually reflected by guided wave amplitude, and the amplitude is divided by 20 corresponding to the seismic magnitude, so that the bending guided wave amplitude distribution is approximately similar to the seismic magnitude distribution.
Step S50, if the landslide early warning curve meets the landslide condition, judging that the landslide risk exists on the side slope, and sending a landslide early warning prompt aiming at the refuse dump;
referring to fig. 7, when the dump side slope is in a stable state, the event rate is kept at a lower level, and the landslide warning value is at a higher level, indicating that the number of low-energy and low-amplitude events is majority, when the dump side slope slides, the event rate suddenly increases, and the landslide warning value rapidly decreases, because the high-amplitude and high-energy events generated by mutual friction and collision between the crushed stone and the waveguide tube are rapidly increased, and then the event rate is restored to the lower level, the landslide warning value is in an ascending trend and a maximum value along with time, indicating that the low-energy and low-amplitude events are increased, the slope body is adjusted to a balanced state under the action of self weight and continues for a period of time, when the event rate suddenly increases for the second time, the landslide warning value rapidly decreases, namely a second landslide event occurs, when the event rate is restored to the average level again, the landslide warning value is in an ascending trend, when the event rate suddenly increases for the third time, the landslide warning value rapidly decreases, namely a third landslide event occurs, and the landslide warning value before the dump has an obvious turning point, which can be used as a forewarning point;
in the step, whether the landslide early warning curve meets the landslide condition or not is judged by detecting the change trend of each landslide early warning curve in the landslide early warning curve, if the landslide early warning curve meets the landslide condition, the landslide risk is judged to exist on the side slope, and the landslide early warning effect is achieved by automatically sending a landslide early warning prompt to a waste dump.
In the embodiment, the waveguide tube is placed in the side slope of the waste dump, the bent guided wave signals between the waveguide tube and the side slope can be effectively collected to obtain waveguide signal data, the event curve, the ringing curve and the energy rate curve can be effectively drawn based on the waveguide signal data, the consistency of the curve characteristics among the event curve, the ringing curve and the energy rate curve can be automatically detected by detecting the curve characteristics of the event curve, the ringing curve and the energy rate curve, the landslide early warning curve can be automatically determined and drawn through the bent guided wave events in the waveguide signal data, and the landslide early warning curve can be effectively detected by analyzing the landslide condition, so that the landslide risk of the side slope can be effectively detected, the accuracy of sending the landslide early warning by the waste dump is improved.
Example 2
Referring to fig. 8, it is a flowchart of a method for early warning of a dump landslide according to a second embodiment of the present invention, where the method is used to further refine the step S30, and includes the steps of:
step S31, respectively obtaining the maximum amplitude values in the event curve, the ringing curve and the energy rate curve to obtain an event rate amplitude value, a ringing count amplitude value and an energy rate amplitude value;
respectively calculating the difference values of adjacent points in the event curve, the ringing curve and the energy rate curve, and determining the maximum difference values of the adjacent points in the event curve, the ringing curve and the energy rate curve as maximum amplitude values to obtain the event rate amplitude value, the ringing count amplitude value and the energy rate amplitude value;
step S32, if the event rate amplitude, the ringing count amplitude and the energy rate amplitude are all larger than the corresponding amplitude threshold, obtaining a difference value between adjacent event rates in the event curve to obtain an event rate difference value;
the amplitude threshold value can be set according to requirements, the corresponding amplitude threshold values of the event rate amplitude value, the ringing count amplitude value and the energy rate amplitude value can be the same or different, and if the event rate amplitude value, the ringing count amplitude value and the energy rate amplitude value are all larger than the corresponding amplitude threshold values, the event curve, the ringing curve and the energy rate curve are judged to meet the curve characteristics when landslide occurs;
in the step, if the event rate amplitude, the ringing count amplitude and/or the energy rate amplitude are less than or equal to the corresponding amplitude threshold, judging that the corresponding curve does not meet the curve characteristic when landslide occurs, namely judging that the curve characteristic detection of the corresponding curve is unqualified;
preferably, in the step, if the curve feature detection of any two curves in the event curve, the ringing curve and the energy rate curve is qualified and the curve feature detection of the other curve is unqualified, the curve with unqualified curve feature detection is subjected to feature detection error prompt, and based on the feature detection error prompt, a user can be effectively reminded to check the information of each curve in time, so that the accuracy of the early warning of the landslide of the refuse dump is improved, and the failure phenomenon of the early warning of the landslide of the refuse dump caused by data errors is prevented.
Step S33, if the event rate difference is larger than a first difference threshold, performing feature marking on the adjacent event rates, and generating an event feature area according to the event rate subjected to feature marking in the event curve;
in the step, if the event rate difference is greater than the first difference threshold, the adjacent event rates are subjected to feature marking, and an event feature area is generated according to the event rate marked by the feature marking, and the event feature area is used for representing a time period which is possibly subjected to landslide and is obtained based on event rate analysis;
step S34, obtaining a difference value between adjacent ringing count rates in the ringing curve to obtain a ringing count difference value;
step S35, if the ringing count difference is larger than a second difference threshold, performing feature marking on the adjacent ringing count rate, and generating a ringing feature area according to the ringing count rate marked by the feature in the ringing curve;
in the step, if the ringing count difference is greater than the second difference threshold, performing feature marking on adjacent ringing count rates, and generating a ringing feature area according to the ringing count rate marked with the feature, wherein the ringing feature area is used for representing a time period which is possibly subjected to landslide and is obtained based on the analysis of the ringing count rate;
step S36, acquiring a difference value between adjacent energy rates in the energy rate curve to obtain an energy rate difference value;
step S37, if the energy difference value is larger than a third difference threshold value, performing feature marking on the adjacent energy rates, and generating an energy rate feature region according to the feature marked energy rate in the energy rate curve;
in the step, if the energy difference value is greater than the third difference threshold value, the adjacent energy rates are subjected to feature marking, an energy rate feature region is generated according to the feature marked energy difference value, and the energy rate feature region is used for representing a time period which is possibly subjected to landslide and is obtained based on energy rate analysis;
step S38, comparing the event characteristic region, the ringing characteristic region and the energy rate characteristic region in time;
optionally, in the step of comparing the event feature region, the ringing feature region, and the energy rate feature region with time, to detect consistency of the event feature, the ringing feature, and the energy rate feature in the time feature, the step of comparing the event feature region, the ringing feature region, and the energy rate feature region with time includes:
respectively acquiring the starting time and the ending time of the event characteristic region, the ringing characteristic region and the energy rate characteristic region to obtain a first time range, a second time range and a third time range;
respectively calculating time length difference values among the first time range, the second time range and the third time range;
if the time difference values are smaller than the time threshold, it is determined that the time comparison between the event feature area, the ringing feature area, and the energy rate feature area is qualified, where the time threshold may be set according to a requirement, for example, the time threshold may be set to 0.08 second, 0.1 second, 0.5 second, 0.8 second, or 1 second.
Step S39, if the time comparison of the event characteristic area, the ringing characteristic area and the energy rate characteristic area is qualified, judging that the curve characteristic detection of the event curve, the ringing curve and the energy rate curve is qualified;
if the time comparison of the event characteristic area, the ringing characteristic area and the energy rate characteristic area is qualified, judging that the event characteristic, the ringing characteristic and the energy rate characteristic are consistent in time characteristic, namely, the curve characteristic detection of the event curve, the ringing curve and the energy rate curve is qualified;
step S310, if the time comparison of the event characteristic area, the ringing characteristic area and the energy rate characteristic area is unqualified, judging that the curve characteristic detection of the event curve, the ringing curve and the energy rate curve is unqualified;
if the time comparison of the event characteristic area, the ringing characteristic area and the energy rate characteristic area is qualified, the event characteristic, the ringing characteristic and the energy rate characteristic are judged to be inconsistent in time characteristic, namely, the curve characteristic detection of the event curve, the ringing curve and the energy rate curve is qualified.
In this embodiment, the event rate amplitude, the ringing count amplitude and the energy rate amplitude are obtained by respectively obtaining the maximum amplitudes in the event curve, the ringing curve and the energy rate curve, whether the event curve, the ringing count amplitude and the energy rate curve meet the curve characteristics when landslide occurs can be automatically judged based on the judgment between the event rate amplitude, the ringing count amplitude and the energy rate amplitude and the corresponding amplitude threshold, an event rate difference is obtained by obtaining the difference between adjacent event rates in the event curve, an event characteristic region can be automatically generated based on the judgment between the event rate difference and the first difference threshold, a ringing characteristic region can be automatically generated based on the judgment between the ringing count difference and the second difference threshold, an energy rate characteristic region can be automatically generated based on the judgment between the energy rate difference and the third difference threshold, and whether the curve characteristics of the event curve, the ringing curve and the energy rate curve are qualified or not can be automatically judged by comparing the time of the event characteristic region, the ringing characteristic region and the energy rate characteristic region.
Example 3
Referring to fig. 9, a schematic structural diagram of a dump landslide warning system 100 according to a third embodiment of the present invention includes: signal acquisition unit 10, curve drawing unit 11, characteristic detection unit 12, early warning value confirm unit 13 and landslide early warning unit 14, wherein:
and the signal acquisition unit 10 is used for placing the waveguide tube in a side slope of the refuse dump and acquiring the bending guided wave signals between the waveguide tube and the side slope to obtain waveguide signal data.
Wherein, the signal acquisition unit 10 is further configured to: obtaining historical landslide information of the refuse dump, and determining the side slope according to the historical landslide information;
acquiring geological information and position information of the side slope, and determining hole spacing and the number of the waveguide tubes according to the geological information;
and drilling holes are formed in the side slope according to the hole spacing, and each waveguide is inserted into the corresponding drilling hole.
Optionally, the signal acquiring unit 10 is further configured to: arranging an acoustic wave sensor on each waveguide tube, and connecting the acoustic wave sensor with an amplifier;
and carrying out gain setting on the amplifier, connecting the amplifier with the gain set with a filter, and carrying out frequency setting on the filter.
And the curve drawing unit 11 is used for determining the event rate, the ring counting rate and the energy rate between the waveguide tube and the slope according to the waveguide signal data, and respectively drawing an event curve, a ring curve and an energy rate curve according to the event rate, the ring counting rate and the energy rate.
A characteristic detection unit 12, configured to perform curve characteristic detection on the event curve, the ringing curve, and the energy rate curve, where the curve characteristic detection is used to detect consistency of curve characteristics among the event curve, the ringing curve, and the energy rate curve.
Wherein the feature detection unit 12 is further configured to: respectively obtaining the maximum amplitude values in the event curve, the ringing curve and the energy rate curve to obtain an event rate amplitude value, a ringing count amplitude value and an energy rate amplitude value;
if the event rate amplitude, the ringing count amplitude and the energy rate amplitude are all larger than the corresponding amplitude threshold, obtaining a difference value between adjacent event rates in the event curve to obtain an event rate difference value;
if the event rate difference is larger than a first difference threshold, performing feature marking on the adjacent event rates, and generating an event feature area according to the event rate subjected to feature marking in the event curve;
obtaining a difference value between adjacent ringing count rates in the ringing curve to obtain a ringing count difference value;
if the ringing count difference is larger than a second difference threshold, performing characteristic marking on the adjacent ringing count rate, and generating a ringing characteristic area in the ringing curve according to the ringing count rate marked by the characteristic marking;
acquiring a difference value between adjacent energy rates in the energy rate curve to obtain an energy rate difference value;
if the energy difference value is larger than a third difference threshold value, carrying out feature marking on the adjacent energy rates, and generating an energy rate feature region according to the feature marked energy rate in the energy rate curve;
comparing the time of the event characteristic area, the ringing characteristic area and the energy rate characteristic area;
if the time comparison of the event characteristic area, the ringing characteristic area and the energy rate characteristic area is qualified, judging that the curve characteristic detection of the event curve, the ringing curve and the energy rate curve is qualified;
and if the time comparison of the event characteristic area, the ringing characteristic area and the energy rate characteristic area is unqualified, judging that the curve characteristic detection of the event curve, the ringing curve and the energy rate curve is unqualified.
Optionally, the feature detecting unit 12 is further configured to: respectively acquiring the starting time and the ending time of the event characteristic region, the ringing characteristic region and the energy rate characteristic region to obtain a first time range, a second time range and a third time range;
respectively calculating time length difference values among the first time range, the second time range and the third time range;
and if the time difference values are smaller than the time threshold, judging that the time comparison of the event characteristic area, the ringing characteristic area and the energy rate characteristic area is qualified.
And an early warning value determining unit 13, configured to determine a landslide early warning value according to the curved guided wave event in the waveguide signal data and draw a landslide early warning curve according to the landslide early warning value, if the curve feature detection of the event curve, the ringing curve, and the energy rate curve is qualified.
Wherein, the early warning value determining unit 13 is further configured to: respectively obtaining the bending guided wave amplitude of each bending guided wave event in the waveguide signal data, and calculating the landslide early warning value according to the bending guided wave amplitude;
the formula for calculating the landslide early warning value according to the bending guided wave amplitude comprises the following steps:
lg[N(A/20)]＝a-b×(A/20)
wherein A is the bending guided wave amplitude, N (A/20) is the accumulated frequency of bending guided wave events with bending guided wave amplitudes greater than A/20, a is an empirical constant, and b is the landslide pre-warning value.
And the landslide early warning unit 14 is used for judging that the landslide risk exists on the side slope if the landslide early warning curve meets the landslide condition, and sending a landslide early warning prompt aiming at the refuse dump.
In the embodiment, the waveguide tube is placed in the side slope of the waste dump, the bent guided wave signals between the waveguide tube and the side slope can be effectively collected to obtain waveguide signal data, the event curve, the ringing curve and the energy rate curve can be effectively drawn based on the waveguide signal data, the consistency of the curve characteristics among the event curve, the ringing curve and the energy rate curve can be automatically detected by detecting the curve characteristics of the event curve, the ringing curve and the energy rate curve, the landslide early warning curve can be automatically determined and drawn through the bent guided wave events in the waveguide signal data, and the landslide early warning curve can be effectively detected by analyzing the landslide condition, so that the landslide risk of the side slope can be effectively detected, the accuracy of sending the landslide early warning by the waste dump is improved.
Example 4
Fig. 10 is a block diagram of a terminal device 2 according to a fourth embodiment of the present application. As shown in fig. 10, the terminal device 2 of this embodiment includes: a processor 20, a memory 21 and a computer program 22, such as a program for a refuse dump landslide warning method, stored in said memory 21 and executable on said processor 20. The processor 20, when executing the computer program 22, implements the steps in the various embodiments of the above-described method for early warning of landslide of the dump, such as S10 to S50 shown in fig. 2, or S31 to S310 shown in fig. 8. Alternatively, when the processor 20 executes the computer program 22, the functions of the units in the embodiment corresponding to fig. 9 are implemented, specifically please refer to the related description in the embodiment corresponding to fig. 9, which is not described herein again.
Illustratively, the computer program 22 may be divided into one or more units, which are stored in the memory 21 and executed by the processor 20 to accomplish the present application. The one or more units may be a series of computer program instruction segments capable of performing specific functions, which are used to describe the execution of the computer program 22 in the terminal device 2. For example, the computer program 22 may be divided into the signal acquisition unit 10, the curve plotting unit 11, the feature detection unit 12, the warning value determination unit 13, and the landslide warning unit 14, and the specific functions of each unit are as described above.
The terminal device may include, but is not limited to, a processor 20, a memory 21. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that fig. 9 is merely an example of the terminal device 2 and does not constitute a limitation of the terminal device 2, and may include more or fewer components than those shown, or some of the components may be combined, or different components, e.g., the terminal device may also include an input-output device, a network access device, a bus, etc.
In addition, functional units in the embodiments of the present application may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist alone physically, or two or more units are integrated into one unit. The integrated unit can be realized in a form of hardware, and can also be realized in a form of a software functional unit.
The integrated module, if implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as a separate product, may be stored in a computer readable storage medium. The computer readable storage medium may be non-volatile or volatile. Based on such understanding, all or part of the flow in the method of the embodiments described above can be realized by a computer program, which can be stored in a computer readable storage medium and can realize the steps of the embodiments of the methods described above when the computer program is executed by a processor. Wherein the computer program comprises computer program code, which may be in the form of source code, object code, an executable file or some intermediate form, etc. The computer-readable storage medium may include: any entity or device capable of carrying computer program code, recording medium, U.S. disk, removable hard disk, magnetic diskette, optical disk, computer Memory, read-Only Memory (ROM), random Access Memory (RAM), electrical carrier wave signal, telecommunications signal, software distribution medium, etc. It should be noted that the computer readable storage medium may contain content that is subject to appropriate increase or decrease as required by legislation and patent practice in jurisdictions, for example, in some jurisdictions, computer readable storage media that does not include electrical carrier signals and telecommunications signals in accordance with legislation and patent practice.
The above-mentioned embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present application, and not for limiting the same; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the embodiments of the present application, and they should be construed as being included in the present application.
Claims (10)
1. A dump landslide early warning method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
placing a waveguide tube in a side slope of a refuse dump, and collecting a bending guided wave signal between the waveguide tube and the side slope to obtain waveguide signal data;
determining an event rate, a ring counting rate and an energy rate between the waveguide tube and the side slope according to the waveguide signal data, and respectively drawing an event curve, a ring curve and an energy rate curve according to the event rate, the ring counting rate and the energy rate;
performing curve characteristic detection on the event curve, the ringing curve and the energy rate curve, wherein the curve characteristic detection is used for detecting the consistency of curve characteristics among the event curve, the ringing curve and the energy rate curve;
if the curve characteristics of the event curve, the ringing curve and the energy rate curve are detected to be qualified, determining a landslide early warning value according to a bending guided wave event in the waveguide signal data, and drawing a landslide early warning curve according to the landslide early warning value;
and if the landslide early warning curve meets the landslide condition, judging that the landslide risk exists on the side slope, and sending a landslide early warning prompt aiming at the refuse dump.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the detecting the curve characteristics of the event curve, the ringing curve, and the energy rate curve comprises:
respectively obtaining the maximum amplitude values in the event curve, the ringing curve and the energy rate curve to obtain an event rate amplitude value, a ringing count amplitude value and an energy rate amplitude value;
if the event rate amplitude, the ringing count amplitude and the energy rate amplitude are all larger than the corresponding amplitude threshold, obtaining a difference value between adjacent event rates in the event curve to obtain an event rate difference value;
if the event rate difference is larger than a first difference threshold, performing feature marking on the adjacent event rates, and generating an event feature area according to the event rate subjected to feature marking in the event curve;
obtaining a difference value between adjacent ringing count rates in the ringing curve to obtain a ringing count difference value;
if the ringing count difference is greater than a second difference threshold, performing feature marking on the adjacent ringing count rate, and generating a ringing feature area in the ringing curve according to the ringing count rate marked by the feature;
acquiring a difference value between adjacent energy rates in the energy rate curve to obtain an energy rate difference value;
if the energy difference value is larger than a third difference threshold value, carrying out feature marking on the adjacent energy rates, and generating an energy rate feature region according to the feature marked energy rate in the energy rate curve;
comparing the event characteristic region, the ringing characteristic region and the energy rate characteristic region in time;
if the time comparison of the event characteristic area, the ringing characteristic area and the energy rate characteristic area is qualified, judging that the curve characteristic detection of the event curve, the ringing curve and the energy rate curve is qualified;
and if the time comparison of the event characteristic area, the ringing characteristic area and the energy rate characteristic area is unqualified, judging that the curve characteristic detection of the event curve, the ringing curve and the energy rate curve is unqualified.
3. The method for early warning of a dump landslide of claim 2, wherein the comparing the event feature region, the ringing feature region, and the energy rate feature region over time comprises:
respectively obtaining the starting time and the ending time of the event characteristic area, the ringing characteristic area and the energy rate characteristic area to obtain a first time range, a second time range and a third time range;
respectively calculating time length difference values among the first time range, the second time range and the third time range;
and if the time difference values are smaller than the time threshold value, judging that the time comparison of the event characteristic area, the ringing characteristic area and the energy rate characteristic area is qualified.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein determining a landslide warning value from a curved guided wave event in the waveguide signal data comprises:
respectively obtaining the bending guided wave amplitude of each bending guided wave event in the waveguide signal data, and calculating the landslide early warning value according to the bending guided wave amplitude;
the formula for calculating the landslide early warning value according to the bending guided wave amplitude comprises the following steps:
lg[N(A/20)]＝a-b×(A/20)
wherein A is the bending guided wave amplitude, N (A/20) is the cumulative frequency of bending guided wave events with bending guided wave amplitudes greater than A/20, a is an empirical constant, and b is the landslide warning value.
5. The method of pre-warning of a dump landslide of claim 1, wherein placing the waveguide in a side slope of the dump comprises:
obtaining historical landslide information of the refuse dump, and determining the side slope according to the historical landslide information;
acquiring geological information and position information of the side slope, and determining hole spacing and the number of the waveguide tubes according to the geological information;
and drilling holes are formed in the side slope according to the hole spacing, and each waveguide tube is inserted into the corresponding drilling hole.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein after inserting each waveguide into a corresponding bore, further comprising:
arranging an acoustic wave sensor on each waveguide tube, and connecting the acoustic wave sensor with an amplifier;
and carrying out gain setting on the amplifier, connecting the amplifier with the gain set with a filter, and carrying out frequency setting on the filter.
7. The refuse dump landslide warning method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the waveguide has a diameter of 30mm, a wall thickness of 2mm, and a length L Rod ＝L Hole(s) +0.3m，L Hole(s) The waveguide rod has a density of 7850kg/m for the pitch of the bore holes of the waveguide tube 3 The elastic modulus is 210GPa, the Poisson ratio is 0.3, the longitudinal wave attenuation coefficient is 0.03Np/wl, and the transverse wave attenuation coefficient is 0.08Np/wl.
8. The utility model provides a refuse dump landslide early warning system which characterized in that, the system includes:
the signal acquisition unit is used for placing the waveguide tube in a side slope of a refuse dump and acquiring a bending guided wave signal between the waveguide tube and the side slope to obtain waveguide signal data;
the curve drawing unit is used for determining the event rate, the ring counting rate and the energy rate between the waveguide tube and the side slope according to the waveguide signal data, and respectively drawing an event curve, a ring curve and an energy rate curve according to the event rate, the ring counting rate and the energy rate;
a characteristic detection unit, configured to perform curve characteristic detection on the event curve, the ringing curve, and the energy rate curve, where the curve characteristic detection is configured to detect consistency of curve characteristics among the event curve, the ringing curve, and the energy rate curve;
the early warning value determining unit is used for determining a landslide early warning value according to a bending guided wave event in the waveguide signal data and drawing a landslide early warning curve according to the landslide early warning value if the curve characteristics of the event curve, the ringing curve and the energy rate curve are detected to be qualified;
and the landslide early warning unit is used for judging that the landslide risk exists on the side slope if the landslide early warning curve meets the landslide condition, and sending a landslide early warning prompt aiming at the refuse dump.
9. A terminal device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that the processor implements the steps of the method according to any of claims 1 to 7 when executing the computer program.
10. A computer-readable storage medium, in which a computer program is stored which, when being executed by a processor, carries out the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
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