CN113108732B - Guided wave monitoring method for slope landslide early warning - Google Patents

Guided wave monitoring method for slope landslide early warning Download PDF

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CN113108732B
CN113108732B CN202110391656.0A CN202110391656A CN113108732B CN 113108732 B CN113108732 B CN 113108732B CN 202110391656 A CN202110391656 A CN 202110391656A CN 113108732 B CN113108732 B CN 113108732B
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slope
guided wave
rate
ringing
ringing count
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CN113108732A (en
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何文
郑场松
林凤翻
李深海
徐学华
聂闻
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Jiangxi University of Science and Technology
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B17/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of infrasonic, sonic or ultrasonic vibrations
    • G01B17/04—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of infrasonic, sonic or ultrasonic vibrations for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. by vibrating string
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B21/00—Alarms responsive to a single specified undesired or abnormal condition and not otherwise provided for
    • G08B21/02—Alarms for ensuring the safety of persons
    • G08B21/10—Alarms for ensuring the safety of persons responsive to calamitous events, e.g. tornados or earthquakes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H02J7/35—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A10/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE at coastal zones; at river basins
    • Y02A10/23—Dune restoration or creation; Cliff stabilisation

Abstract

The invention discloses a guided wave monitoring method for slope landslide early warning, which can judge whether a slope is deformed or damaged by analyzing and researching received guided wave signals, can master the speed of the deformation and sliding speed of the monitored slope according to a slope sliding speed quantification result obtained by an indoor test, can realize automatic monitoring of the slope, thereby achieving the purpose of carrying out safety monitoring on the slope body of the slope, and has the advantages of low cost, all-weather automatic monitoring, simple and easy operation of a monitoring method, simple data analysis, few error factors and higher detection precision.

Description

Guided wave monitoring method for slope landslide early warning
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of side slopes, in particular to a guided wave monitoring method for side slope landslide early warning.
Background
With the rapid development of Chinese economy, in the engineering construction of mines, roads, railways, water conservancy and hydropower and the like, the excavation of side slopes is involved, and the problem of side slope instability of different types and scales is often faced. Slope landslide has become one of the most frequent geological disasters, seriously threatens the life and property safety of people and influences the safety construction and operation of projects.
The slope stability monitoring technology and method at home and abroad are many, and mainly include displacement monitoring and stress monitoring. The displacement monitoring technology comprises the following steps: (1) general technique: simple extensometers, multipoint displacement meters, theodolites, levels, and the like. These monitoring elements are simple in principle and inexpensive, but have a low degree of automation and require special measuring personnel. (2) photoelectric technology: total stations, electro-optical rangefinders, photographic theodolites, laser scanners, optical fibers, and the like. The movement of multiple points can be measured but is susceptible to environmental influences. (3) modern technology: global Positioning System (GPS), geographic Information System (GIS), remote Sensing (RS), ground based synthetic aperture radar (GB-SAR), and the like. Stress is a physical quantity that is difficult to measure directly, and is generally measured by an indirect method. Common stress monitoring elements: a steel string pressure box, a hydraulic ram, a resistance strain gauge, a photoelastic stress meter and the like. An anchor cable landslide monitoring system for monitoring the landslide force is also provided, and the landslide monitoring and early warning system is based on the principle that an anchor cable is buried in a side slope, the side slope slides to cause the stress of the anchor cable, and the change of the sliding force of the deep part of a side slope rock body is inverted according to the stress condition of the anchor cable. Geophysical methods are also common slope stability monitoring methods, such as: seismic prospecting, geological radar, high-density electrical, microseismic, acoustic emission, etc. The current research focus of slope stability monitoring technology mainly focuses on the aspects of high precision, automation, new technology and the like. The monitoring and early warning technology is complex, the equipment price is high, and the common monitoring method is not high in precision and reliability degree and is difficult to meet the requirements.
Elastic waves are generated when the slope is deformed and unstable, and the acoustic emission monitoring technology is used for determining the deformation degree of the slope by capturing and measuring the elastic waves. Acoustic emission monitoring is not a new technology in the application of geotechnical engineering, and researchers at home and abroad have applied the technology to research the stability of soil and rock slopes for more than 50 years. The problem of short signal propagation distance is solved by using a waveguide rod to provide a low attenuation path. However, most of researches only describe the acoustic characteristics of the damage process qualitatively, do not establish the quantitative relation between the acoustic emission parameters and the damage or slip deformation degree, and are applied to slope landslide early warning.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, in order to overcome the defects that the prior art has complex technology, expensive equipment and not wide application in the slope landslide early warning monitoring process, the invention provides the guided wave monitoring method for slope landslide early warning, which enriches the slope early warning monitoring means, has relatively low cost, can accurately early warn the slope landslide deformation and can be widely applied.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the embodiment of the invention provides a guided wave monitoring method for slope landslide early warning, which comprises the steps of collecting engineering geological information of a related slope, determining the position of a slope slip surface, and determining the position of a monitoring point according to the position of the slope slip surface;
drilling a pre-buried waveguide rod array at the monitoring point, and installing a guided wave sensor at the end part of the waveguide rod;
establishing a signal acquisition base station, and acquiring the guided wave ringing count characteristic parameters remotely through a wireless signal transmission unit according to the preset data acquisition frequency;
collecting collected guided wave ringing count characteristic parameters, sending the collected guided wave ringing count characteristic parameters to a central processing unit for analysis and processing to obtain a ringing count rate and a cumulative ringing count, wherein the ringing count rate is the sum of ringing counts in a preset unit time, the cumulative ringing count is the cumulative superposition of the ringing counts in a preset period of time, and whether the slope is deformed or not is judged according to the ringing count rate and the cumulative ringing count;
obtaining a good linear relation between the accumulated ringing count and deformation by utilizing an indoor test, and respectively deriving the accumulated ringing count and the deformation to obtain a guided wave rate and a slip rate; x is the slippage rate preset in the indoor test, Y is the guided wave rate, a plurality of (X, Y) points are fitted, and the relationship between the slippage rate and the guided wave rate is established;
and calculating the guided wave velocity according to the accumulated ringing count obtained by field monitoring, and calculating the slide velocity of the slope according to the relation between the slide velocity and the guided wave velocity.
Preferably, the primary guided wave velocity is calculated at preset time intervals, and the sliding velocity of the side slope is obtained by combining the function relation between the deformation velocity and the guided wave velocity.
Preferably, the process of drilling and embedding the waveguide rod array at the monitoring point comprises the following steps:
drilling holes at the monitoring points according to the preset aperture, wherein the direction of the drilled holes is vertical to the direction of the slope surface, and the positions, through which the drilled holes penetrate the potential slope slip surface, are over-deep preset distances;
selecting different hole intervals according to different geological conditions, and determining the number of waveguide rods;
placing the waveguide rod in the center of the drill hole, starting along the bottom of the drill hole, filling gravel between the waveguide rod and the wall of the drill hole to a position lower than the preset distance of the hole opening, and finally sealing the hole opening by using concrete.
Preferably, the preset aperture is 90mm, and the diameter of the gravel is 4 mm-8 mm.
Preferably, the waveguide rod is made of 304 stainless steel round steel, the diameter of the waveguide rod is 16mm, the density of the waveguide rod is 7.93g/cm & lt 3 & gt, the elastic modulus is 210GPa, the Poisson ratio is 0.3, the longitudinal wave attenuation coefficient is 0.003Np/wl, the transverse wave attenuation coefficient is 0.008Np/wl, and the length of the waveguide rod is L Rod ＝L Hole(s) +0.3，L Hole(s) Is the length of the borehole in m.
Preferably, the process of installing the guided wave sensor at the end of the waveguide rod comprises: the waveguide rod is exposed at 0.3m from the ground surface, the end part of the waveguide rod is provided with a guided wave sensor, the guided wave sensor is connected with a preamplifier and a filter, the signals are subjected to amplifier gain respectively, the frequency is limited within a preset low-frequency range, and the guided wave sensor element is covered by a protective cover.
Preferably, the preset data acquisition frequency includes: under normal working conditions, a worker remotely accesses the sensor every day, and downloads the collected ringing count rate and accumulated ringing count for sorting and summarizing; the inspection is carried out on site every other week, and no damage is caused; monitoring the acquired data every hour under the interference of rainfall or external operation; under extreme weather or strong external operation disturbance, data is monitored every half hour, corresponding personnel are arranged in a field safety area to report the slope condition in real time, and warning measures are taken.
Preferably, the step of determining whether the slope is deformed or damaged by using the ringing count rate and the cumulative ringing count includes: drawing a change curve of the ringing count rate and the accumulated ringing count along with time to monitor the slope sliding change trend, and if the ringing count rate and the accumulated ringing count increase along with the increase of the time, representing that the slope is in a deformation stage;
when the guided wave monitors the whole process of landslide occurrence, the ringing count rate has a rising-falling change trend, the rising trend is more violent, the representation speed change is larger, the falling represents that the slope recovers the stable state again, and the integral ringing count curve is S-shaped;
when the ringing count rate is at a higher level at the same time, the deformation rate of the slope is also at a higher value, and the ringing count rate is in direct proportion to the deformation rate; the ringing count rate also increases with the increase of deformation, and the accumulated ringing count reaches a higher level at the later stage; if the ring count rate is initially at a higher level, this indicates that the slope is unstable.
Preferably, the signal acquisition base station is powered by a solar storage battery and is provided with a data acquisition processing system which is connected with the filter and only records and stores the guided wave ringing count characteristic parameters.
Preferably, the side slope is a rock side slope or a soil side slope.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages:
the guided wave monitoring method for slope landslide early warning provided by the invention can judge whether the slope is deformed or not by analyzing and researching the received guided wave signals, can master the speed of the deformation and slip rate of the monitored slope according to the slope slip rate quantification result obtained by indoor tests, can realize automatic monitoring of the slope, thereby achieving the purpose of carrying out safety monitoring on the slope body of the slope, and has the advantages of low cost, all-weather automatic monitoring, simple and easy operation of the monitoring method, simple data analysis, less error factors and higher detection precision.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a specific example of a guided wave monitoring method for slope landslide warning provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic view of a monitoring scene of a slope stability guided wave meter provided in the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a graph showing the attenuation curves of different modes of the 16mm waveguide rod according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram showing a good linear relationship between the accumulated ringing count collected by the "wavemeter" composed of the 16mm waveguide rod and the 4-8 mm gravel according to the embodiment of the present invention and the slope destabilization deformation;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a "guided wave meter" monitoring provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating a change of a ring count rate and a cumulative ring count with time at the beginning of a landslide according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating a change of a ring count rate and a cumulative ring count in the whole landslide process according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of changes in ring count rate of a "guided wave meter" in indoor tests at different slip rates according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating a fitted curve of accumulated ring count over time according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of a fitted curve of guided wave velocity and slip velocity according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Furthermore, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
Example 1
The embodiment of the invention provides a guided wave monitoring method for slope landslide early warning, which can be applied to a rock slope or a soil slope. Different from other types of slopes, the main reason for deformation and damage of bedding rock slopes is that the sliding surface is located on the weak structural surface in the slope, and the mechanical effect of the sliding surface is poor. Under the strong disturbance of the outside, such as blasting vibration, manual excavation, heavy rain and the like, the landslide suddenly occurs or even occurs in advance.
The principle is as follows: when the bedding rock slope is deformed and damaged, the soft structural surface is mainly along. It is assumed that a waveguide rod is buried in a bedding rock slope, the waveguide rod penetrates through a potential slip plane, and then a coupling medium is filled between the waveguide rod and the slope rock, and the combination of the waveguide rod and the coupling medium is defined as a Guided Wave Gauge (GWG). When the bedding rock slope slides along the sliding surface, a coupling medium in the guided wave meter interacts with the waveguide rod, a generated acoustic emission signal propagates along the waveguide in the form of guided waves (a monitoring scene is shown in figure 1), and the stability of the bedding rock slope is monitored by the guided wave meter by combining the characteristics of reduced guided wave attenuation and long propagation distance. The deformation slip rate of the side slope is monitored through the relation between the side slope slip rate and the guided wave rate, and early warning is provided. The process is shown in figure 2:
s1, collecting engineering geological information of a related side slope, determining the position of a side slope slip surface, and determining the position of a monitoring point according to the position of the side slope slip surface.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the position of the side slope slip surface is determined by collecting the engineering geological information of the related bedding rock slope, including the slope trend, the inclination angle, the inclination of the weak structural surface, the inclination angle and the number of the weak structural surface, so that the position of the monitoring point is further determined.
And S2, drilling and pre-burying a waveguide rod array at the monitoring point, and installing a guided wave sensor at the end part of the waveguide rod.
The process of drilling and embedding the waveguide rod array in the monitoring point position comprises the following steps:
1) Drilling holes (for example, the hole diameter is 90 mm) at the monitoring points according to the preset hole diameter, wherein the direction of the drilled holes is vertical to the direction of the slope surface, and the drilled holes penetrate through the position (soft structural surface of the bedding rock foundation) of the potential slope slip surface by an ultra-deep preset distance;
2) Selecting different hole intervals according to different geological conditions, and determining the number of waveguide rods;
and placing the waveguide rod in the center of the drill hole, starting along the bottom of the drill hole, filling gravel between the waveguide rod and the wall of the drill hole to a position lower than the preset distance of the hole opening, and finally sealing the hole opening by using concrete.
In the embodiment of the invention, the waveguide rod is made of 304 stainless steel round steel, and the diameter of the waveguide rod is 16mm. Within the main frequency of 0-150 kHz, the guided wave attenuation coefficient of the 16mm waveguide rod is relatively small, the guided wave attenuation curves of different modes of the 16mm waveguide rod are shown in figure 3, and the density of the waveguide rod is 7.93g/cm 3 The elastic modulus is 210GPa, the Poisson ratio is 0.3, the longitudinal wave attenuation coefficient is 0.003Np/wl, the transverse wave attenuation coefficient is 0.008Np/wl, and the waveguide rod length is L Rod ＝L Hole(s) +0.3，L Hole(s) The length of the drill hole is m, and the guided wave attenuation achieves the minimum effect through the arrangement.
The coupling medium is selected to be gravel with the grain diameter of 4-8 mm. The gravel material has wide sources and low price, the gap between the drill hole and the waveguide rod is filled back by the 4-8 mm gravel, the labor, material and financial resources are saved, and a wave guide meter consisting of the 16mm waveguide rod and the 4-8 mm gravel is sensitive to the instability deformation of the side slope and the sliding rate of the side slope, as shown in figure 4. The gravel material was packed up to 0.5m below the ports.
The waveguide rod in the embodiment of the invention is exposed out of 0.3m on the ground surface, and the end part of the waveguide rod is provided with the waveguide sensor, so that the contact area is maximized. The traditional attaching mode is to attach the sensor to the outer wall close to the tail end of the waveguide rod, and the contact area between the bottom of the sensor and the side face of the waveguide rod is relatively small. In the two attachment modes, the distances from the sensors to receive signals are close, and the attenuation of the guided wave is the same. However, the sensor mainly uses the piezoelectric ceramic material on the bottom surface to sense the vibration of the mass point to acquire signals. Therefore, the contact area between the bottom surface of the sensor and the waveguide rod is increased, the number of the collected guided wave signals is increased, the monitoring sensitivity of the sensor is improved, and the type of the sensor is UT-1000. The pre-amplifier is connected, the gain of the amplifier is set to be 40dB, and the signal-to-noise ratio is improved; and connecting a filter, limiting the frequency within a low-frequency range, eliminating background noise caused by the environment, and setting a signal threshold value to be 35dB. And covering the guided wave sensor with a protective cover. The protective shell is made of plastic, the top end of the protective shell is made of wood, noise caused by expansion with heat and contraction with cold of metal materials is avoided, the whole protective shell is painted white, and the influence on normal operation of electronic components caused by overhigh temperature in the protective cover in extreme days in summer is avoided; a schematic view of a single monitoring point, as shown in fig. 5.
And S3, establishing a signal acquisition base station, and remotely acquiring guided wave ringing count characteristic parameters through a wireless signal transmission unit according to preset data acquisition frequency.
In the embodiment of the invention, the signal acquisition base station is established near the side slope, the signal acquisition base station is powered by the solar storage battery, the data of each monitoring point is stored in different categories, and the data acquisition processing system is provided and connected with the filter, so that the problems of insufficient power supply of the solar storage battery and limited storage capacity of the data acquisition processing system after running for a period of time are avoided, the monitoring cost of a user is reduced, and only the characteristic parameters of guided wave ringing counting are recorded and stored. The guided wave ringing count in the embodiment of the invention is the number of times that the amplitude of the guided wave signal crosses the preset threshold voltage in a time period.
In practical application, the guided wave signal monitoring and acquisition are continuous. And the wireless signal transmission unit is arranged to remotely access and download the data acquired by the signal base station. Under normal working conditions, workers carry out remote access to the sensor every day, download the collected letter data, and sort and gather the letter data. And the inspection is carried out on site every other week, and no damage is caused. Monitoring the acquired data every hour under the interference of rainfall or external operation; under extreme weather or strong external operation disturbance, data is monitored every half hour, corresponding personnel are arranged in a field safety area to report the slope condition in real time, and warning measures are taken.
And S4, collecting the collected guided wave ringing count characteristic parameters, sending the collected guided wave ringing count characteristic parameters to a central processing unit for analysis and processing to obtain a ringing count rate and a cumulative ringing count, wherein the ringing count rate is the sum of ringing counts in a preset unit time, the cumulative ringing count is the cumulative superposition of the ringing counts in a preset period of time, and whether the slope is deformed or damaged is judged according to the ringing count rate and the cumulative ringing count.
The embodiment of the invention adopts matlab software to process the data to obtain the ringing count rate and the accumulated ringing count, and the ringing count can reflect the activity of the guided wave signal source. And drawing the change curve of the guided wave ringing count rate and the guided wave accumulated ringing count along with time. When the slope is unstable, the guide wave ringing counting rate and the guide wave accumulated ringing counting can be used for early warning. If the characteristic parameters of the guided wave ring count rate and the accumulated ring count rate increase along with the increase of time, the slope is in a deformation sliding stage, as shown in fig. 6.
When the guided wave monitors the whole process of landslide occurrence, the characteristic parameters will show the following characteristics. The change trend of rising-falling of guided wave ringing count rate can appear, and the rising trend is more violent, and the speed change is bigger, and the decline is slope regaining steady state. The cumulative ringing count curve of the guided wave is "S" shaped as a whole, as shown in FIG. 7. The increase of the ringing count rate and the cumulative ringing count curve can be used as the early warning of slope instability.
And judging the speed of the bedding rock slope slip deformation rate according to the ring counting rate and the accumulated ring counting rate. As shown in fig. 8, at the same time when the guided wave ring count rate is at a higher level, the deformation rate of the slope is also at a higher value, i.e., the guided wave ring count rate is proportional to the deformation rate. The ringing count rate also increases with the increase of deformation, and reaches a higher level at the later stage, which requires special attention of monitoring personnel. If the ringing counting rate is at a higher level at the beginning, which indicates that the slope instability is severe, personnel needs to be sent to warn on site and make relevant safety measures.
S5, obtaining a good linear relation between the accumulated ringing count and the deformation by utilizing an indoor test, and respectively carrying out derivation on the accumulated ringing count and the deformation to obtain a guided wave speed and a slip speed; x is the slippage rate preset in the indoor test, Y is the guided wave rate, and the relationship between the slippage rate and the guided wave rate is established by fitting a plurality of (X, Y) points.
And S6, solving the guided wave rate according to the accumulated ringing count obtained by field monitoring, and calculating the slide rate of the slope according to the relation between the guided wave rate and the slide rate.
The cumulative ringing count obtained by the 'guided wave meter' obtained by indoor experiments has a good linear relation with deformation. The derivative of the deformation with respect to time is the deformation rate and the derivative of the cumulative ring count with respect to time is the guided wave rate. Thus, a relationship between the guided wave velocity and the deformation velocity can be established. The magnitude of the guided wave velocity is represented by the slope of the fitted curve of cumulative ringing counts versus time, as shown in figure 9. And actually, the slip rate is known in the data fitting process (the loading rate of the press is used for simulating the slip rate of the slope), the ringing count corresponding to the slip (deformation) rate is obtained, and the accumulated ringing count and the ringing count rate are calculated. The accumulated ringing count is derived, i.e., fitted, to obtain the slope of the fitted curve, which is the guided wave velocity.
In order to avoid errors, the embodiment of the present invention calculates the primary guided wave velocity at certain intervals (which may be reasonably set according to requirements, and is not specifically limited herein), as shown in fig. 10. The accumulated ringing count can be measured on site, the guided wave speed can be calculated, the guided wave speed is substituted into the formula (1) of the fitting curve, the accurate range of the slip speed is obtained, and the range of the slope slip speed can be estimated.
X＝(Y-2079)/63614 (1)
Wherein Y is a wave guiding rate and x is a slip rate.
The guided wave monitoring method for slope landslide early warning provided by the embodiment of the invention can judge whether the slope is deformed or damaged by analyzing and researching the received guided wave signals. According to the quantitative result of the slope slip rate obtained by an indoor test, the speed of the deformation slip rate of the monitored slope can be mastered to realize the automatic monitoring of the slope, so that the purpose of carrying out safety monitoring on the slope body of the slope is achieved, and the method has the advantages of low cost, all-weather automatic monitoring, simple and easy operation, simple data analysis, few error factors and higher detection precision.
It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications of the invention may be made without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention.

Claims (9)

1. The utility model provides a guided wave monitoring method for side slope landslide early warning which characterized in that includes:
collecting engineering geological information of a related side slope, determining the position of a side slope slip surface, and determining the position of a monitoring point according to the position of the side slope slip surface;
drilling and pre-burying a waveguide rod array at the monitoring point, and installing a guided wave sensor at the end part of a waveguide rod;
establishing a signal acquisition base station, and acquiring characteristic parameters of guided wave ringing count remotely according to preset data acquisition frequency through a wireless signal transmission unit;
gather the guided wave ringing count characteristic parameter of gathering and send to central processing unit and carry out analysis processes, obtain ringing count rate and accumulative total ringing count, the ringing count rate is the ringing count sum in the unit interval of predetermineeing, and accumulative total ringing count is the accumulative total stack of ringing count in predetermineeing a period of time, judges through ringing count rate and accumulative total ringing count whether the slope takes place to warp and destroys, include: drawing a change curve of the ringing count rate and the accumulated ringing count along with time to monitor the slope sliding change trend, and if the ringing count rate and the accumulated ringing count increase along with the increase of the time, representing that the slope is in a deformation stage;
when the guided wave monitors the whole process of landslide occurrence, the ringing count rate has a rising-falling change trend, the rising trend is more violent, the representation speed change is larger, the falling represents that the slope recovers the stable state again, and the integral ringing count curve is S-shaped;
when the ringing counting rate is at a higher level at the same time, the deformation rate of the slope is also at a higher value, and the ringing counting rate is in direct proportion to the deformation rate; the ring count rate also increases with the increase of deformation, and the accumulated ring count reaches a higher level at the later stage; if the ringing count rate is at a higher level at the beginning, it indicates that the slope instability is severe;
obtaining a good linear relation between the accumulated ringing count and deformation by using an indoor test, and respectively deriving the accumulated ringing count and the deformation to obtain a guided wave rate and a slip rate; x is a slippage rate preset in an indoor test, Y is a guided wave rate, a plurality of (X, Y) points are fitted, and a relation between the slippage rate and the guided wave rate is established;
and calculating the guided wave velocity according to the accumulated ringing count obtained by field monitoring, and calculating the slide velocity of the slope according to the relation between the slide velocity and the guided wave velocity.
2. The guided wave monitoring method for slope landslide early warning according to claim 1, wherein a guided wave rate is calculated at intervals of a preset time, and a slope slip rate is obtained by combining a functional relationship between a deformation rate and the guided wave rate.
3. The guided wave monitoring method for slope landslide warning according to claim 1, wherein the process of drilling and embedding the waveguide rod array at the monitoring point comprises:
drilling holes at the monitoring points according to the preset aperture, wherein the direction of the drilled holes is vertical to the direction of the slope surface, and the positions, through which the drilled holes penetrate the potential slope slip surface, are over-deep preset distances;
selecting different hole intervals according to different geological conditions, and determining the number of waveguide rods;
placing the waveguide rod in the center of the drill hole, starting along the bottom of the drill hole, filling gravel between the waveguide rod and the wall of the drill hole to a position lower than the preset distance of the hole opening, and finally sealing the hole opening by using concrete.
4. The guided wave monitoring method for slope landslide warning according to claim 3, wherein the preset bore diameter is 90mm, and the diameter of the gravel is 4mm to 8mm.
5. The guided wave monitoring method for slope landslide warning according to claim 4, wherein the waveguide rod is 304 stainless steel round steel, the diameter of the waveguide rod is 16mm, and the density of the waveguide rod is 7.93g/cm 3 The elastic modulus is 210GPa, the Poisson ratio is 0.3, the longitudinal wave attenuation coefficient is 0.003Np/wl, the transverse wave attenuation coefficient is 0.008Np/wl, and the length of the waveguide rod is L Rod ＝L Hole(s) +0.3，L Hole(s) Is the length of the borehole in m.
6. The guided wave monitoring method for slope landslide warning according to claim 5, wherein the process of installing the guided wave sensor at the end of the waveguide rod comprises:
the waveguide rod is exposed out of 0.3m on the ground surface, the end part of the waveguide rod is provided with a guided wave sensor, the guided wave sensor is connected with a preamplifier and a filter, the signal is subjected to amplifier gain respectively, the frequency is limited within a preset low-frequency range, and the guided wave sensor element is covered by a protective cover.
7. The guided wave monitoring method for slope landslide pre-warning of claim 1, wherein the pre-setting of data acquisition frequency comprises: under normal working conditions, a worker remotely accesses the sensor every day, and downloads the collected ringing count rate and accumulated ringing count for sorting and summarizing; the inspection is carried out on site every other week, and the damage condition is avoided; monitoring the acquired data every hour under rainfall or external operation interference; under extreme weather or strong external operation disturbance, data is monitored every half an hour, corresponding personnel are arranged in a field safety area to report the condition of the side slope in real time, and warning measures are taken.
8. The guided wave monitoring method for slope landslide pre-warning according to claim 6, wherein the signal collection base station is powered by a solar storage battery, is provided with a data collection processing system, is connected with the filter, and only records and stores guided wave ringing count characteristic parameters.
9. The guided wave monitoring method for slope landslide warning of any one of claims 1-8, wherein the slope is a rocky or earthen slope.
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