CN115342164A - 具有整体力测量的滚珠丝杠组件 - Google Patents
具有整体力测量的滚珠丝杠组件 Download PDFInfo
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- F16H—GEARING
- F16H25/00—Gearings comprising primarily only cams, cam-followers and screw-and-nut mechanisms
- F16H25/18—Gearings comprising primarily only cams, cam-followers and screw-and-nut mechanisms for conveying or interconverting oscillating or reciprocating motions
- F16H25/20—Screw mechanisms
- F16H25/22—Screw mechanisms with balls, rollers, or similar members between the co-operating parts; Elements essential to the use of such members
- F16H25/2204—Screw mechanisms with balls, rollers, or similar members between the co-operating parts; Elements essential to the use of such members with balls
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
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- F16D65/18—Actuating mechanisms for brakes; Means for initiating operation at a predetermined position arranged in or on the brake adapted for drawing members together, e.g. for disc brakes
- F16D65/183—Actuating mechanisms for brakes; Means for initiating operation at a predetermined position arranged in or on the brake adapted for drawing members together, e.g. for disc brakes with force-transmitting members arranged side by side acting on a spot type force-applying member
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
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Abstract
一种滚珠丝杠组件,具有:滚珠丝杠螺母,包括外表面、限定中心孔的内表面和由内表面限定的滚珠轨道;滚珠丝杠轴,包括限定滚珠轨道的外表面,该滚珠丝杠轴设置在中心孔中,使得两个滚珠轨道形成滚珠滚道;第一止动件,设置在滚珠滚道内的该滚珠丝杠螺母的第一端;多个主滚珠,设置在滚珠滚道中,形成滚珠链;主弹簧组件,设置在滚珠滚道中、滚珠链的第一端和第一止动件之间;以及应变传感元件,固定至由滚珠丝杠螺母的外表面限定的平坦表面部分。
Description
优先权要求
本申请要求于2021年5月14日提交的、美国临时专利申请第63/188,546号的优先权,其全部公开内容并入于此。
技术领域
本发明总体上涉及机械线性致动器。更具体地,本发明涉及滚珠丝杠组件的设计和组装方法以及其中的传感线性力(sensing linear force)。
背景技术
如图6所示,典型的机电制动系统90需要能够向相关车辆控制系统提供线性力以及制动夹紧力反馈的致动器。示例性线性致动器91是滚珠丝杠组件,其包括滚珠链,滚珠链插置在形成于滚珠丝杠轴的外表面中的滚珠轨道和形成于滚珠丝杠螺母的内表面中的滚珠轨道之间。如图所示,现有技术可以通过在致动器91和外壳92之间定位专用的测压元件93来实现线性力传感。然而,测压元件93增加了组件的总长度,因此占据了宝贵的系统空间,并增加了系统的复杂性。同样,对于精确和可重复的力传感以及保持最小预载荷的需求而言,测压元件93与其匹配部件的尺寸对准是至关重要的。
本发明意识到并解决了现有技术的结构和方法的问题。
发明内容
本公开的一个实施例提供了一种滚珠丝杠组件,其具有:滚珠丝杠螺母,包括第一端、第二端、外表面、限定中心孔的内表面以及由内表面限定的滚珠轨道;滚珠丝杠轴,包括限定滚珠轨道的外表面,该滚珠丝杠轴设置在滚珠丝杠螺母的中心孔中,使得滚珠丝杠螺母的滚珠轨道和滚珠丝杠轴的滚珠轨道形成滚珠滚道;第一止动件,设置在滚珠滚道内、滚珠丝杠螺母的第一端处;多个主滚珠,形成滚珠链,该滚珠链设置在滚珠滚道中;以及应变传感元件,固定至由滚珠丝杠螺母的外表面限定的平坦表面部分。
本公开的另一实施例提供了一种制动组件,其具有:包括臂部的卡钳;设置在卡钳内的活塞,该活塞可沿着该活塞的纵向中心轴线轴向移动;固定至卡钳的臂部的第一制动衬块;固定至活塞的端面的第二制动衬块;设置在第一制动衬块和第二制动衬块之间的制动盘;以及滚珠丝杠组件。该滚珠丝杠组件包括:滚珠丝杠螺母,包括第一端、第二端、限定中心孔的内表面和由内表面限定的滚珠轨道;滚珠丝杠轴,包括限定滚珠轨道的外表面,该滚珠丝杠轴设置在滚珠丝杠螺母的中心孔中,使得滚珠丝杠螺母的滚珠轨道和滚珠丝杠轴的滚珠轨道形成滚珠滚道;第一止动件,设置在滚珠滚道内、滚珠丝杠螺母的该第一端处;多个主滚珠,形成滚珠链,该滚珠链设置在滚珠滚道中;主弹簧组件,设置在滚珠滚道中、滚珠链的第一端和第一止动件之间;以及应变传感元件,固定至由滚珠丝杠螺母的外表面限定的平坦表面部分。
并入本说明书并构成其一部分的附图示出了本发明的一个或多个实施例,并与说明书一起用于解释本发明的原理。
附图说明
在参考附图的说明书中,阐述了针对本领域普通技术人员的、本发明的完整和可实现的公开,包括其最佳方式,附图中:
图1是一种制动组件的示意图,该制动组件包括根据本公开的实施例的滚珠丝杠组件的实施例;
图2是图1中所示的制动组件的局部剖视图;
图3是图1和2中所示的制动组件的滚珠丝杠组件的侧视图;
图4是根据本发明的替代实施例的滚珠丝杠组件的侧视图;
图5是根据本发明的替代实施例的滚珠丝杠组件的侧视图;并且
图6是一种制动组件的示意图,该制动组件包括现有技术的滚珠丝杠组件和测压元件配置。
在本说明书和附图中重复使用参考标记是为了表示根据本公开的本发明的相同或类似的特征或元件。
具体实施方式
现在将详细参考本发明的当前优选实施例,在附图中示出了当前优选实施例的一个或多个示例。每个示例都是通过解释而不是限制本发明的方式提供的。事实上,对于本领域技术人员而言显而易见的是,在不脱离本发明的范围和精神的情况下,可以对本发明进行修改和变化。例如,作为一个实施例的一部分示出或描述的特征可以用在另一个实施例上,以产生又一个实施例。因此,本发明旨在覆盖落入随附权利要求书及其等同物的范围内的这些修改和变化。
如这里所使用的,涉及相对于制动系统中滚珠丝杠组件的方位的方向或位置的术语,例如但不限于“垂直”、“水平”、“顶部”、“底部”、“上方”或“下方”,指的是相对于滚珠丝杠组件在其正常预期操作中的方位的方向和相对位置,如图1至3所示。因此,例如,术语“垂直”和“顶部”指的是图1至3的透视图中的垂直方位和相对较高的位置,并且应该根据该情况进行理解,甚至相对于可以以不同方位设置的滚珠丝杠组件。
此外,本申请和随附权利要求中使用的术语“或”旨在表示包含性的“或”,而不是排他性的“或”。也就是说,除非另有说明或从上下文中清楚可知,短语“X采用A或B”意在表示任何自然的、包含性的排列。也就是说,短语“X采用A或B”通过以下任何实例满足:X采用了A;X采用了B;或者X采用了A和B二者。此外,在本申请和随附权利要求中使用的冠词“一”和“一个”通常应被解释为表示“一个或多个”,除非另有说明或从上下文中清楚可知其表示单数形式。在整个说明书和权利要求书中,除非上下文另有规定,否则以下术语至少采用本文明确关联的含义。下面确定的含义不一定限制该术语,而仅仅是提供该术语的说明性例子。“一”和“该”的含义可以包括复数,而“在…中”的含义可以包括“在…中”和“在…上”。在此使用的短语“在一个实施例中”不一定指同一实施例,尽管它可以指同一实施例。
现在参考附图,图1是包括根据本发明第一实施例的滚珠丝杠组件100的制动组件1的示意性剖视图。如图所示,制动组件1选择性地将摩擦制动力施加到与汽车等的车轮一体旋转的盘2上。制动组件1包括卡钳3、第一支撑板4和第二支撑板5、以及第一衬块6和第二衬块7。卡钳3由转向节(未示出)可移动地支撑,并且第一支撑板4和第二支撑板5设置在卡钳3上,以便将制动盘2夹在它们之间。第一衬块6和第二衬块7分别固定到第一支撑板4和第二支撑板5上,并且可以按压盘2的相应侧表面。
卡钳3包括第一主体8、第二主体9和盖子10。第一主体8和第二主体9固定在一起。盖子10固定到第二主体9上。第一主体8包括主体部11和臂部12。第二主体9的一端固定到主体部11上。臂部12与主体部11正交连接。第二支撑板5固定到臂部12上。第二主体9包括制动缸13和延伸板14。制动缸13固定到第一主体8的主体部11上。延伸板14从制动缸13延伸。
制动缸13具有在轴向方向上彼此相对的第一端41和第二端42。制动缸13包括在第一端41处开口的圆柱形部分15和连接到圆柱形部分15的第二端42的端面板16。可沿轴向方向ST移动的活塞17容纳在制动缸13中。活塞17的一端73通过制动缸13的一端(对应于圆柱形部分15的第一端41)处的开口部分朝向盘2伸出,并固定到第一支撑板4上。
密封构件18插置于活塞17的圆柱形外表面67和制动缸13的内表面(对应于圆柱形部分15的内表面69)之间,以密封外表面67和内表面69之间的间隙。密封构件18可以是容纳在形成于制动缸13的内表面69中的容纳槽中的O形环。活塞17的外表面67和制动缸13的内表面69通过设置在形成于外表面67和内表面69中的键槽中的键19连接在一起。使用键19的键连接允许引导活塞17在轴向方向ST上的运动,并且还允许调节活塞17相对于制动缸13的旋转。
使活塞17朝向盘2偏压的液压可以通过图中未示出的液压路径而供应到制动缸13中。在这种情况下,制动缸13和活塞17形成液压致动器。卡钳3用于将衬块6和7均压靠在盘2上以产生制动力。卡钳3包括电机20、减速装置21和滚珠丝杠装置100。减速装置21降低电机20的转速。滚珠丝杠装置100将从电机20经由减速装置21传递的旋转运动转换成活塞17在轴向方向ST上的线性运动。
电机20包括电机壳体23和输出轴24。电机壳体23固定到第二主体9的延伸板14上。减速装置21包括驱动齿轮25、空转齿轮26和从动齿轮27。驱动齿轮25附接到电机20的输出轴24的一端,以便与输出轴24一起旋转。空转齿轮26与驱动齿轮25啮合。从动齿轮27与空转齿轮26啮合。空转齿轮26由第二主体9枢转地支撑,从而可旋转。盖子10固定到第二主体9上,以便覆盖减速装置21。
另外参照图2,滚珠丝杠组件100包括滚珠丝杠轴110和滚珠丝杠螺母130。滚珠丝杠轴110是输入构件。滚珠丝杠螺母130是经由多个主滚珠140而拧在滚珠丝杠轴110上的可旋转输出构件。滚珠丝杠轴110穿过滚珠丝杠螺母130而插入。滚珠丝杠轴110由制动组件的第二主体9(图1)支撑,使得滚珠丝杠轴110可相对于第二主体9旋转,但在轴向上被限制。滚珠丝杠螺母130由活塞17支撑在第二主体9内,从而可沿轴向方向移动、并且不可相对于第二主体9旋转。
如图所示,滚珠丝杠轴110由保持在形成于制动缸13的端面板16中的支撑孔31附近的滚动轴承32支撑,使得滚珠丝杠轴110在轴向方向(轴向方向ST)上可旋转且不可移动。从动齿轮27连接到滚珠丝杠轴110的端部112,以便与滚珠丝杠轴110一起旋转。如图所示,滚珠丝杠螺母130具有圆柱形外表面132和圆柱形内表面134。螺旋形的滚珠轨道136由内表面134限定。类似地,滚珠丝杠轴110具有圆柱形外表面114,在该外表面114中形成螺旋形滚珠轨道116。多个主滚珠140形成设置在滚珠滚道150中的滚珠链,如图2最佳所示,滚珠滚道150被限定在滚珠轨道116和滚珠轨道136之间。
滚珠丝杠螺母130的外表面132还包括旋转调节部分(未示出)。该旋转调节部分与活塞17的内表面77的旋转调节部分(未示出)接合。滚珠丝杠螺母130的外表面132装配在由活塞17的圆柱形内表面部分限定的孔内。旋转调节部分之间的这种接合防止活塞17和滚珠丝杠螺母130相对于彼此旋转。在替代实施例中,滚珠丝杠螺母130的外表面可以具有平坦表面134(图3),该平坦表面134接合对应活塞(未示出)的孔中的对应形状的表面,以防止滚珠丝杠螺母130相对于活塞旋转。
仍然参照图1至3,滚珠丝杠螺母130包括第一端137和第二端139;相对于第二端139,滚珠丝杠螺母130的第一端137轴向向内设置在活塞17中。装配在形成于活塞17的内表面77中的环形凹槽中的保持环(环形构件)40与滚珠丝杠螺母130的第二端139的端面接合。因此,活塞17和滚珠丝杠螺母130连接在一起,以便沿轴向方向ST(滚珠螺母轴向方向X)一起移动。当电机20的输出轴24的旋转经由减速装置21传递到滚珠丝杠轴110以使滚珠丝杠轴110旋转时,滚珠丝杠螺母130在滚珠螺母轴向方向X(轴向方向ST)上移动。此时,活塞17由键19引导,并与滚珠丝杠螺母130一起沿轴向方向ST移动。
通常需要精确测量施加在制动系统中的线性力,以便为制动系统的正确操作提供反馈。为此,根据本发明实施例的滚珠丝杠组件优选地包括多功能致动器滚珠丝杠螺母130或滚珠丝杠螺母/活塞组合。滚珠丝杠螺母130优选地被设计用于多种功能,例如其原始功能,作为滚珠丝杠轴110的配合部件,并且另外提供测压元件200来测量系统内施加的力。滚珠丝杠螺母130可以起到测压元件200的作用,因为所有材料在载荷下都会发生物理变形(应变)。如图3中最佳所示,滚珠丝杠螺母130与施加的滚珠丝杠组件的线性力(箭头210和211)成一直线,从而使滚珠丝杠螺母130成为测量施加在制动系统内的力的理想位置。
具体参照图2和图3,测压元件200优选包括由凹槽223形成的载荷传感部分221以及形成在凹槽223中的一个或多个孔225,每个孔被配置为在其中接收载荷传感元件220。如图所示,在滚珠丝杠螺母130的第一端137和滚珠链的前端之间、围绕滚珠丝杠螺母130形成的环形凹槽223由于滚珠丝杠螺母130的薄壁部分而允许更大的测量灵敏度。此外,形成在凹槽223的底壁中的多个孔225也允许滚珠丝杠螺母的前端137的更大变形,从而提高灵敏度。注意,图3中省略了滚珠链140。如图所示,一个或多个载荷传感元件220,例如设置在杯形插座内的应变仪,进一步容纳在相应的孔225中。每个载荷传感元件220通过穿过轴向凹槽241的导线240连接到外部控制系统(未示出)以进行处理。此外,材料的保护带(未示出)可以设置在环形凹槽内,以保护载荷传感元件220免受碎片、震动等的影响。
通过消除外部定位的传统测压元件13,具有整体力测量的滚珠丝杠组件100可以通过现有组件(图6)封装在更短的线性空间中,从而形成紧凑的致动系统。由于载荷测量此时是滚珠丝杠螺母130的一部分,所公开的用作测压元件的滚珠丝杠螺母130不需要额外的系统对准和现有技术配置中存在的尺寸叠加挑战(图6)。滚珠丝杠螺母130的测压元件200表现出高碎片耐受性,因为传感元件220嵌在滚珠丝杠螺母130内,并且只有连接导线240暴露于系统环境。滚珠丝杠螺母130可以包含任何类型的传感元件,例如应变、压电、电容或电感型。
现在参考图4,根据本发明的替代实施例的测压元件203优选地包括由凹槽323形成的载荷传感部分321和形成在凹槽323中的一个或多个孔325,相邻的孔325被平坦部分327隔开,平坦部分327被配置为在其上接收载荷传感元件320。如图所示,在滚珠丝杠螺母330的第一端337和滚珠链140(图2)的前端之间、围绕滚珠丝杠螺母330形成的环形凹槽323由于滚珠丝杠螺母330的薄壁部分而允许更大的测量灵敏度。此外,形成在凹槽323的底壁中的多个孔325也允许滚珠丝杠螺母的前端337的更大变形,从而提高灵敏度。注意,图4中省略了滚珠链140。如图所示,一个或多个载荷传感元件320,例如应变仪,被容纳在凹槽323的相应平坦部分327上。每个载荷传感元件320通过穿过轴向凹槽341的导线340连接到外部控制系统(未示出)以进行处理。在又一实施例中,信号放大元件(未示出)也可以固定至平坦部分327,以减少对信号的外部处理的需要。此外,材料的保护带(未示出)可以设置在环形凹槽内,以保护载荷传感元件320免受碎片、震动等的影响。
具体参照图5,测压元件400优选包括由凹槽423形成的载荷传感部分421,如图4所示,该凹槽423被配置成在一个或多个载荷传感元件220上接收一个或多个应变仪320,如图3所示。当利用应变传感元件220时,一个或多个孔(未示出)形成在凹槽423中,每个孔被配置成在其上接收载荷传感元件220。如图所示,在滚珠丝杠螺母430的第一端437和滚珠链140(图2)的前端之间、围绕滚珠丝杠螺母430形成的环形凹槽423由于滚珠丝杠螺母430的薄壁部分而允许更大的测量灵敏度。此外,如果存在,形成在凹槽423的底壁中的多个孔(图3中的225)也允许滚珠丝杠螺母的前端337的更大变形,从而提高灵敏度。注意,图5中省略了滚珠链140(图2)。如图所示,凹槽423相对于滚珠丝杠螺母430的平面前端437成角度(α),该角度等于螺旋滚珠滚道450的角度。由此,在凹槽423中的每个载荷传感元件和滚珠链140(图2)之间存在恒定的距离,在该距离处,箭头210所示的力在箭头211处传递到滚珠链,如图2所示。因此,可以实现非常精确的载荷测量。
虽然上面描述了本发明的一个或多个优选实施例,但是本领域技术人员应该理解,在不脱离本发明的范围和精神的情况下,可以对本发明进行各种修改和变化。例如,所公开的概念不限于仅用于滚珠丝杠组件系统,而是可以应用于标准螺纹(ACME等)或滚柱丝杠系统。同样,本概念也不限于制动应用,而是可以用在螺杆和螺母型系统需要力反馈的任何地方。本发明旨在覆盖落入所附权利要求及其等同物的范围和精神内的这些修改和变化。
Claims (18)
1.一种滚珠丝杠组件,其特征在于,包括:
滚珠丝杠螺母,包括第一端、第二端、外表面、限定中心孔的内表面和由所述内表面限定的滚珠轨道;
滚珠丝杠轴,包括限定滚珠轨道的外表面,所述滚珠丝杠轴设置在所述滚珠丝杠螺母的中心孔中,使得所述滚珠丝杠螺母的滚珠轨道和所述滚珠丝杠轴的滚珠轨道形成滚珠滚道;
第一止动件,设置在所述滚珠滚道内、所述滚珠丝杠螺母的所述第一端处;
多个主滚珠,形成滚珠链,所述滚珠链设置在所述滚珠滚道中;以及
应变传感元件,固定至所述滚珠丝杠螺母。
2.根据权利要求1所述的滚珠丝杠组件,其特征在于,所述滚珠丝杠螺母还包括形成在所述滚珠丝杠螺母的外壁中的凹槽,并且所述应变传感元件设置在所述凹槽内。
3.根据权利要求2所述的滚珠丝杠组件,其特征在于,所述凹槽包括底壁,并且所述应变传感元件固定至所述凹槽的所述底壁。
4.根据权利要求3所述的滚珠丝杠组件,其特征在于,所述凹槽设置在垂直于所述滚珠丝杠螺母的纵向中心轴线的平面中。
5.根据权利要求3所述的滚珠丝杠组件,其特征在于,所述凹槽与所述滚珠丝杠螺母的纵向中心轴线形成的角度等于由所述滚珠滚道与所述纵向中心轴线形成的角度。
6.根据权利要求5所述的滚珠丝杠组件,其特征在于,所述滚珠滚道为螺旋形的。
7.根据权利要求2所述的滚珠丝杠组件,其特征在于,还包括从所述凹槽的底壁向内延伸的孔。
8.根据权利要求7所述的滚珠丝杠组件,其特征在于,所述应变传感元件设置在所述孔内。
9.根据权利要求2所述的滚珠丝杠组件,其特征在于,所述凹槽设置在所述滚珠丝杠螺母的第一端和所述滚珠链之间。
10.一种制动组件,其特征在于,包括:
卡钳,包括臂部;
活塞,设置在所述卡钳内,所述活塞可沿着所述活塞的纵向中心轴线轴向移动;
第一制动衬块,固定至所述卡钳的所述臂部;
第二制动衬块,固定至所述活塞的端面;
制动盘,设置在所述第一制动衬块和所述第二制动衬块之间;以及
滚珠丝杠组件,包括:
滚珠丝杠螺母,包括第一端、第二端、外表面、限定中心孔的内表面和由所述内表面限定的滚珠轨道;
滚珠丝杠轴,包括限定滚珠轨道的外表面,所述滚珠丝杠轴设置在所述中心孔中,使得所述滚珠丝杠螺母的滚珠轨道和所述滚珠丝杠轴的滚珠轨道形成滚珠滚道;
第一止动件,设置在所述滚珠滚道内、所述滚珠丝杠螺母的所述第一端处;
多个主滚珠,形成滚珠链,所述滚珠链设置在所述滚珠滚道中;以及
应变传感元件,固定至由所述滚珠丝杠螺母的所述外表面限定的平坦表面部分。
11.根据权利要求10所述的制动组件,其特征在于,所述滚珠丝杠螺母还包括形成在所述滚珠丝杠螺母的外壁中的凹槽,并且所述应变传感元件设置在所述凹槽内。
12.根据权利要求11所述的制动组件,其特征在于,所述凹槽包括底壁,并且所述应变传感元件固定至所述凹槽的所述底壁。
13.根据权利要求12所述的制动组件,其特征在于,所述凹槽设置在垂直于所述滚珠丝杠螺母的纵向中心轴线的平面中。
14.根据权利要求12所述的制动组件,其特征在于,所述凹槽与所述滚珠丝杠螺母的纵向中心轴线形成的角度等于由所述滚珠滚道与所述纵向中心轴线形成的角度。
15.根据权利要求14所述的制动组件,其特征在于,所述滚珠滚道为螺旋形的。
16.根据权利要求11所述的制动组件,其特征在于,还包括从所述凹槽的底壁向内延伸的孔。
17.根据权利要求16所述的制动组件,其特征在于,所述应变传感元件设置在所述孔内。
18.根据权利要求11所述的制动组件,其特征在于,所述凹槽设置在所述滚珠丝杠螺母的第一端和所述滚珠链之间。
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