CN115341571B - Multi-layer underground space reverse construction method and ventilation system for underground construction - Google Patents
Multi-layer underground space reverse construction method and ventilation system for underground construction Download PDFInfo
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- CN115341571B CN115341571B CN202210945557.7A CN202210945557A CN115341571B CN 115341571 B CN115341571 B CN 115341571B CN 202210945557 A CN202210945557 A CN 202210945557A CN 115341571 B CN115341571 B CN 115341571B
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- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 220
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 195
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 31
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004887 air purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
- E02D29/045—Underground structures, e.g. tunnels or galleries, built in the open air or by methods involving disturbance of the ground surface all along the location line; Methods of making them
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F17/00—Vertical ducts; Channels, e.g. for drainage
- E04F17/04—Air-ducts or air channels
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F7/00—Ventilation
- F24F7/003—Ventilation in combination with air cleaning
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F7/00—Ventilation
- F24F7/04—Ventilation with ducting systems, e.g. by double walls; with natural circulation
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F8/00—Treatment, e.g. purification, of air supplied to human living or working spaces otherwise than by heating, cooling, humidifying or drying
- F24F8/10—Treatment, e.g. purification, of air supplied to human living or working spaces otherwise than by heating, cooling, humidifying or drying by separation, e.g. by filtering
- F24F8/15—Treatment, e.g. purification, of air supplied to human living or working spaces otherwise than by heating, cooling, humidifying or drying by separation, e.g. by filtering by chemical means
- F24F8/158—Treatment, e.g. purification, of air supplied to human living or working spaces otherwise than by heating, cooling, humidifying or drying by separation, e.g. by filtering by chemical means using active carbon
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Abstract
The application discloses a multi-layer underground space reverse construction method, which relates to the field of basement reverse construction technology and comprises the following steps of firstly, constructing a first layer; step two, building a ventilation shaft at the first layer, and installing a formal ventilation machine room communicated with the ventilation shaft at the first layer; step three, constructing a layer B1, and leading an installing air pipe of a formal ventilation machine room of a first layer to a construction position of the layer B1; step four, continuing to extend downwards to build a ventilation shaft in the layer B1, and installing a formal ventilation machine room communicated with the ventilation shaft in the layer B1; step five, constructing a layer B2, and leading a formal ventilation machine room installation air pipe of a layer B1 to a construction position of the layer B2; and when the downward construction is needed to be continued, repeating the construction steps of the fourth and fifth steps on the corresponding construction layer and the upper layer thereof. According to the application, in the construction of underground space excavation, the construction of the ventilation shaft and the formal ventilation machine room is carried out in advance, so that repeated investment is avoided, the construction efficiency is improved, and more stable ventilation can be provided for a construction area.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of basement reverse construction, in particular to a multilayer underground space reverse construction method.
Background
Reverse construction is increasingly widely applied to deep foundation pit construction in densely built urban areas, long-term exposure of large foundation pits is avoided, but the reverse construction operation surface is limited in other natural ventilation channels except for soil taking openings and equipment holes. If the safety measures such as exhaust ventilation are not in place, the health of constructors is greatly damaged, and even safety accidents are sent.
In the related art, a conventional reverse construction ventilation mode mostly adopts a temporary ventilation machine arranged on the ground, air is supplied to the operation part machine through an air pipe, and air on the ground and underground is kept circulating by using a stairwell, a soil taking port, a vertical pipe well hole and the like as an air exhaust channel.
Aiming at the related technology, many basements are of multi-layer structures, when the basement is constructed in a reverse way, the position and the structure of a temporary ventilation machine and an air pipe are required to be continuously adjusted in the construction process from top to bottom, so that the construction area of the next layer is ventilated, after the construction is finished, the temporary ventilation machine and the air pipe are required to be dismantled, holes for wind and light to flow out are sealed and installed, the defect of repeated investment exists, the overall construction efficiency is also reduced, and the inventor provides a multi-layer underground space reverse construction method.
Disclosure of Invention
On the one hand, in order to reduce the repeated investment generated by temporary ventilation machinery in the basement reverse construction, the application provides a multi-layer underground space reverse construction method, and the formal ventilation machine room is installed while the basement is constructed, and the formal ventilation machine room and a ventilation shaft thereof are directly used as ventilation equipment in the construction process.
The multi-layer underground space reverse construction method provided by the application adopts the following technical scheme:
the multi-layer underground space reverse construction method comprises the following steps:
step one, first layer construction;
step two, building a ventilation shaft at the first layer after the construction of the first layer is completed, and installing a formal ventilation machine room communicated with the ventilation shaft at the first layer;
step three, constructing a layer B1, and leading an installing air pipe of a formal ventilation machine room of a first layer to a construction position of the layer B1;
step four, continuously extending downwards in the layer B1 to construct the ventilation shaft after the construction of the layer B1 is completed, and installing a formal ventilation machine room communicated with the ventilation shaft in the layer B1;
step five, constructing a layer B2, and leading a formal ventilation machine room installation air pipe of a layer B1 to a construction position of the layer B2;
and when the downward construction is needed to be continued, repeating the construction steps of the fourth step and the fifth step on the corresponding construction layer.
By adopting the technical scheme, the construction of the ventilating shaft and the formal ventilating machine room is carried out while the basement construction is carried out; after the basement construction is completed, the ventilation shaft and the ventilation machine room are required to be arranged in a matched manner to ventilate the basement, so that the advanced construction of the ventilation shaft and the formal ventilation machine room does not cause repeated investment and repeated construction, the ventilation shaft and the formal ventilation machine room which are used for a long time replace the conventional temporary ventilation machine, the construction procedure of the whole basement construction is simplified, and the construction efficiency is improved; compared with temporary ventilation equipment, the ventilation capacity of the formal ventilation equipment room is more stable, and the formal ventilation equipment room has a certain air purification effect, so that the air quality safety of a construction site is ensured, and the smooth execution of basement construction is ensured; the formal ventilation machine room is installed from top to bottom along with the construction progress, the formal ventilation machine room is located the upper layer of the construction layer, the length of the air pipe is not too long, the strength of air supply or exhaust can be reliably ensured, and compared with the temporary ventilation machine installed on the ground, the temporary ventilation machine is communicated with the construction layer through the air pipe, the efficiency of air exchange cannot be affected due to the fact that the construction depth is too deep and the air pipe is too long, and smooth construction can be better guaranteed. For the construction of the multi-layer structure reverse construction method underground space, the construction method provided by the application can improve the construction efficiency of the underground space and the guarantee of air quality in the underground construction process.
Optionally, the first step includes: s11, excavating first-layer earthwork to a required depth; s12, pouring a cushion layer; s13, constructing a beam slab structure; s14, after the demolding condition is reached, removing the template support system;
the second step comprises: s21, building a ventilation shaft; s22, installing a formal ventilation machine room;
the second step is performed in the first step, wherein the beam plate structure around the ventilation well is firstly constructed, and then the beam plate structure construction of the rest positions is performed; and (3) after the construction of the beam plate structure around the ventilation shaft is completed, performing the second step.
By adopting the technical scheme, the second step is performed in the first step under the condition of permission of working conditions, so that the construction efficiency can be effectively improved. For multi-layer underground space construction with a large construction range, the construction time length of the first step is longer, the construction of the ventilation shaft and the formal ventilation machine room is carried out after the construction of the beam plate structure of the first layer is completed, the construction of the next layer is started after ventilation facilities are needed to be prepared, the construction time length can be prolonged to a certain extent, the beam plate structure construction around the ventilation shaft is carried out firstly, so that the installation of the ventilation shaft and the formal ventilation machine room is carried out firstly, and the installation of the ventilation shaft and the formal ventilation machine room is inserted in the construction process of the beam plate structure of the first layer, so that the construction time length can be shortened; the beam plate structure construction around the ventilation shaft is firstly carried out so as to install the ventilation shaft and the formal ventilation machine room in advance, and then when the beam plate structure construction of the rest position is carried out, the formal ventilation machine room can be started, ventilation of the construction position is realized, and good construction environment is maintained.
Optionally, the third step includes: s31, excavating earthwork to a required depth; s32, pouring a cushion layer; s33, constructing a beam plate structure; s34, after the demolding condition is reached, removing the template support system;
the fourth step comprises: s41, extending and constructing a ventilation shaft; s42, installing a formal ventilation machine room;
the fourth step is performed in the third step, wherein the beam plate structure construction under the ventilation well is performed in the third step, and then the beam plate structure construction of the rest positions is performed; and step four is carried out after the construction of the beam plate structure below the ventilation well is completed.
By adopting the technical scheme, the construction of the middle layer is carried out according to the steps, and the fourth step is carried out in the third step in an alternate manner, so that the construction efficiency can be effectively improved.
Optionally, the method further comprises a step six of constructing a bottom layer, comprising: s61, excavating earthwork to a required depth; s62, a bottom cushion layer and waterproof construction; s63, constructing a foundation slab; s6, extending and building a ventilation shaft, and installing a formal ventilation machine room.
On the other hand, the application also discloses a ventilation system for underground construction, which is used for the construction method.
The ventilation system for underground construction comprises a plurality of layers of underground spaces, ventilation shafts and formal ventilation machine rooms which are vertically distributed, wherein the bottom layer of the underground spaces is a construction layer, the other layers of the underground spaces are finishing layers, the ventilation shafts penetrate through all the finishing layers, the formal ventilation machine rooms are correspondingly arranged on each finishing layer, and the formal ventilation machine rooms are communicated with the ventilation shafts; the air duct is arranged on a formal ventilation machine room adjacent to the construction layer, and the tail end of the air duct faces the construction area of the construction layer.
By adopting the technical scheme, the ventilation machine for construction does not need to be dismantled after the construction is completed, and can be directly used as a ventilation system of a basement, so that repeated investment is avoided, construction procedures are simplified, and construction efficiency is improved; the formal ventilation machine room for ventilation of the construction layer is positioned in the finished layer of the upper layer of the construction layer, the length of the air pipe is not too long, the ventilation efficiency can be ensured, the air quality of the construction environment can be better ensured, and the personal safety of workers is ensured.
Optionally, an activated carbon adsorption layer is installed at one end of the air pipe, which is close to the formal ventilation machine room.
By adopting the technical scheme, the air is purified, so that the pollution is reduced or the quality of the air in the construction area is guaranteed. In basement construction, harmful gases affecting air quality come from gases emitted from the underground, waste gases discharged by operation of construction equipment and the like, and if a formal ventilation machine room is ventilated in an exhaust mode, the discharge of the harmful gases can pollute the environment in the surrounding environment (urban area), and the construction pollution can be effectively reduced by arranging the activated carbon adsorption layer; if the formal ventilation machine room ventilates in a near-air-intake mode, harmful gas is discharged through the stairwell, the soil taking port and the vertical pipe well holes, the harmful gas is discharged above the construction area, the formal ventilation machine room pumps new air from above the construction area, hidden danger of re-sucking the harmful gas into the construction area exists, the ventilation effect is affected, and the active carbon adsorption layer is directly arranged, so that the situation can be effectively prevented; the active carbon adsorption layer is arranged at one end of the air pipe close to the formal ventilation machine room, and wind power through the active carbon adsorption layer is strong enough, so that the influence of the active carbon adsorption layer on the ventilation efficiency is reduced.
Optionally, the formal ventilation room is an outwardly-exhausted ventilation device.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, formalized ventilation computer lab is through outwards exhaust mode taking a breath, and fresh air gets into the underground space through stairwell, geotome and vertical tube well hole, and old air is discharged from the ventilation shaft, and the active carbon adsorbed layer then can adsorb harmful gas wherein, reduces the environmental pollution that the construction caused. If the air in the construction area is replaced by adopting an air inlet mode, the air is brought upwards, and harmful gas is discharged through the stairwell, the soil taking port and the vertical pipe well holes, so that the content of the harmful gas in the construction layer can be effectively reduced, but the content of the harmful gas in the upper layer finishing layer area can be increased, and the smooth underground construction is not facilitated.
Optionally, the system further comprises a computer in data communication with the harmful gas sensor, wherein the computer controls the formal ventilation machine room, the computer is arranged on the ground, and the harmful gas sensor is arranged in a construction area of a construction layer.
By adopting the technical scheme, the content of harmful gas in the construction area is automatically detected, the operation of the ventilation system is correspondingly controlled, the ventilation system is not required to operate for a long time, and the system operation energy consumption is saved.
Optionally, an alarm linked with the harmful gas sensor is arranged in the formal ventilation machine room.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, when harmful gas content is too high or harmful gas sensor trouble can't normally work, the siren starts immediately, notifies the workman to leave the construction area, guarantees the operation safety.
In summary, the present application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:
1. by constructing the ventilation shaft and the formal ventilation machine room in advance, the conventional temporary ventilation machine is replaced, repeated investment in the construction process is reduced, the whole construction flow is simplified, the construction efficiency of the underground space is improved, the formal ventilation machine room has better and stable ventilation effect, and the air quality of a construction area can be effectively ensured along with the construction depth in a layer-by-layer manner, so that the construction safety is ensured;
2. by inserting the second step in the construction of the first step and inserting the fourth step in the construction of the third step, the construction flow is optimized, the construction time is shortened, and the ventilation performance can be improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a construction environment according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a connection structure of a telescopic duct according to an embodiment of the present application.
Reference numerals: 1. b1 layer; 2. a layer B2; 3. a ventilation shaft; 4. a formal ventilation room; 5. an air duct; 6. a construction layer; 7. a finishing layer; 8. a connecting pipe; 81. a flange; 9. an activated carbon adsorption layer; 10. a metal supporting frame.
Detailed Description
The application is described in further detail below with reference to fig. 1-2.
On one hand, the embodiment of the application discloses a multi-layer underground space reverse construction method, and referring to fig. 1, pile foundation and enclosure construction and dewatering well construction are performed before construction; construction of the subterranean zone is then performed, including:
step one, first layer construction, including: s11, excavating first-layer earthwork, and excavating to a required depth by using an open cut method; s12, pouring a cushion layer; s13, constructing a beam slab structure; and S14, after the demolding condition is reached, removing the template support system.
Step two, ventilation system construction includes: s21, building a ventilation shaft 3 at a first layer; s22, installing a formal ventilation room 4 on the first layer.
In order to improve the construction efficiency, the second step is performed in the first step, the beam plate structure construction around the ventilation well 3 is performed in the first step, and then the beam plate structure construction at other positions is performed; after the beam-slab structure around the ventilation shaft 3 is constructed, the second step is performed to shorten the total construction time, and the formalized ventilation machine room 4 for completing the installation can also ventilate the construction area of the first layer, thereby improving the construction environment.
Step three, carrying out construction of the B1 layer 1 downwards on the basis of the first layer, wherein the construction comprises the following steps: s31, excavating the earth of the layer 1B 1, and excavating to the required depth by using a subsurface excavation method; s32, pouring a cushion layer; s33, constructing a beam plate structure; and S34, after the demolding condition is reached, removing the template support system.
Before the construction of the B1 layer 1, a telescopic air pipe 5 is arranged between the formal ventilation machine room 4 and the construction area, one end of the telescopic air pipe 5 is arranged in the formal ventilation machine room 4, and the other end of the air pipe 5 faces the construction area of the B1 layer 1.
Fourth, the ventilation system extends construction, includes: s41, extending and building the ventilation shaft 3 to the layer B1; s42, installing a formal ventilation room 4 on the layer B1;
in order to improve the construction efficiency, the fourth step is performed in the third step, the beam plate structure construction below the ventilation well 3 is performed in the third step, and then the beam plate structure construction of the rest positions is performed; and step four is carried out after the construction of the beam plate structure below the ventilation shaft 3 is completed. And if the middle layer construction is continued downwards, repeating the construction contents of the third step and the fourth step on the corresponding layer, and finishing the ventilation system extension construction of the corresponding layer.
Step five, carrying out construction of the B2 layer 2 downwards on the basis of the B1 layer 1, wherein the construction comprises the following steps: s51, excavating 2 layers of 2 earthwork, and excavating to a required depth by using a subsurface excavation method; s52, pouring a cushion layer; s53, constructing a beam slab structure; s54, after the demolding condition is reached, removing the template support system;
when the downward construction is required to be continued, the construction procedures of the fourth and fifth steps are repeated on the corresponding construction layer 6 and the upper layer thereof. And step four, carrying out extension construction of the ventilation system in the B2 layer 2.
Before the construction of the layer B2, the telescopic air pipe 5 is disassembled, the telescopic air pipe 5 is arranged between the formal ventilation machine room 4 of the layer B1 and the construction area, one end of the telescopic air pipe 5 is installed in the formal ventilation machine room 4, and the other end of the air pipe 5 faces the construction area of the layer B2. In the construction process, this step is repeated, and the air duct 5 moves down with the construction area.
Step six, constructing a bottom layer, which comprises the following steps: s61, excavating earthwork, namely excavating to a required depth by using a subsurface excavation method; s62, a bottom cushion layer and waterproof construction; s63, constructing a foundation slab; s6, the ventilation shaft 3 is extended and built, and the formal ventilation machine room 4 is installed.
Before the bottom layer construction, the position of the telescopic air pipe 5 is transferred. When the bottom layer is constructed, the foundation slab construction of the area below the ventilation shaft 3 can be firstly performed, so that the ventilation shaft 3 is firstly extended and constructed at the bottom layer, and the formal ventilation machine room 4 is installed.
The implementation principle of the multi-layer underground space reverse construction method disclosed by the embodiment of the application is as follows: the construction of the ventilation shaft 3 and the formal ventilation machine room 4 is carried out while the construction of the multi-layer underground space is carried out, the ventilation shaft 3 and the formal ventilation machine room 4 can be used as temporary ventilation systems for construction and also can be used for a long time after the basement is built, the ventilation systems do not need to be dismantled and built again after the construction is finished, the repeated investment is avoided, the construction process is simplified, and the efficiency of the basement construction is improved as a whole; in the construction process, the formal ventilation machine room 4 is installed along with the construction layer 6 from top to bottom and is arranged along with the construction area, the ventilation efficiency can be effectively ensured, and the ventilation performance of the formal ventilation machine room 4 is stable; the installation of the ventilation system and the construction process of the corresponding layer are alternately carried out, so that the overall construction efficiency is improved, and the engineering period is shortened.
On the other hand, the application also discloses a ventilation system for underground construction, which is used for the construction method, and referring to fig. 1, the ventilation system comprises a multi-layer underground space, a ventilation shaft 3, a formal ventilation machine room 4, a telescopic air pipe 5, a harmful gas sensor and a computer.
The bottom layer of the multi-layer underground space is a construction layer 6, the other layers are a finishing layer 7, and the ground and the construction layer 6 and the finishing layer 7 and the construction layer 6 are communicated through hole structures such as a soil taking hole, a stair hole and the like; the ventilation shaft 3 penetrates through all the finishing layers 7, a formal ventilation machine room 4 is correspondingly arranged in each layer of finishing engineering, and the formal ventilation machine room 4 is arranged on one side of the ventilation shaft 3 and communicated with the ventilation shaft 3; the setting of flexible tuber pipe 5 is in the complete layer 7 of one deck on the layer of construction 6, and the one end of flexible tuber pipe 5 is installed on the formal ventilation computer lab 4 in the corresponding complete layer 7, and the other end of flexible tuber pipe 5 sets up towards the construction region of layer of construction 6. The air exchange in the construction area is realized through the ventilation shaft 3, the formal ventilation machine room 4 and the telescopic air pipe 5. In this embodiment, when the main ventilation room 4 is used as a temporary ventilation machine, the air is replaced by exhausting air to the outside.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, an activated carbon adsorption layer 9 is installed at one end of the telescopic air duct 5 near the formal ventilation room 4. One end of the telescopic air pipe 5, which is close to the formal ventilation machine room 4, is provided with a connecting pipe 8 section made of stainless steel, one end of the connecting pipe 8 section, which is close to the telescopic air pipe 5, is inserted into the telescopic air pipe 5 and is bound and fixed by iron wires, and the other end of the connecting pipe 8 section is welded and fixed with a flange 81 structure and is connected and fixed with the formal ventilation machine room 4 by bolts; the active carbon adsorption layer 9 passes through the bolt fastening in connecting pipe 8 sections, and active carbon adsorption layer 9 is kept away from telescopic air pipe 5 one side and is provided with netted metal support frame 10, and metal support frame 10's edge welded fastening has the connecting plate, passes through bolted connection between connecting plate and the connecting pipe 8 sections and fixes. The metal support frame 10 can support the activated carbon adsorption layer 9, prevents wind force from deforming the activated carbon adsorption layer 9, and cannot cover the whole pipeline.
And the system also comprises a computer and a harmful gas sensor which are in data communication. The harmful gas sensor is a harmful gas content detection instrument which is arranged for main harmful gases (CO, CO2, methane and the like) generated in the construction process and is arranged around the construction area of the construction layer 6 and the communication hole of the construction layer with the last finishing layer 7; the computer is arranged on the ground, receives detection data of the harmful gas sensor, controls the opening and closing of the formal ventilation machine room 4 according to the content of the harmful gas, avoids long-term starting, and reduces energy consumption; the ground personnel can know the concentration of harmful gas in the construction area at any time through the computer display screen, know the condition of the construction site, and prevent accidents.
An alarm linked with a harmful gas sensor is arranged in the formal ventilation machine room 4, and when the harmful gas sensor detects that the concentration of the harmful gas is too high or the harmful gas cannot work normally due to faults, the alarm is started to remind workers to leave a construction site, so that the operation safety is ensured.
The implementation principle of the multi-layer underground space reverse construction method disclosed by the embodiment of the application is as follows: the active carbon adsorption layer 9 is arranged at one end of the telescopic air pipe 5 close to the formal ventilation machine room 4, so that harmful gases in the air are filtered, and environmental pollution caused by ventilation is reduced; the formal ventilation machine room 4 is ventilated in a mode of exhausting air to the outside, fresh air enters from a soil taking port, a stair port and the like above the underground space, old air in the underground construction space can be fully replaced, the air quality in the whole underground construction space is ensured, and the personal safety of underground constructors is effectively improved; through setting up computer, harmful gas sensor and siren, realize the automatic start-stop of formal ventilation computer lab 4, reduce the energy consumption, can realize harmful gas's real-time supervision simultaneously, further ensure construction safety.
The above embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the present application, so: all equivalent changes in structure, shape and principle of the application should be covered in the scope of protection of the application.
Claims (7)
1. The multi-layer underground space reverse construction method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step one, first layer construction;
secondly, building a ventilation shaft (3) at a first layer, and installing a formal ventilation machine room (4) communicated with the ventilation shaft (3) at the first layer;
thirdly, constructing the layer B1 (1), and installing an air pipe (5) on a formal ventilation machine room (4) at the first layer to the construction position of the layer B1 (1);
continuously extending downwards in the layer B1 (1) to construct the ventilation shaft (3), and installing a formal ventilation machine room (4) communicated with the ventilation shaft (3) in the layer B1 (1);
fifthly, constructing the layer B2 (2), and installing an air pipe (5) on a formal ventilation machine room (4) of the layer B1 (1) to a construction position of the layer B2 (2);
when the downward construction is needed to be continued, the construction steps of the fourth step and the fifth step are repeated on the corresponding construction layer (6) and the upper layer thereof;
the first step comprises the following steps: s11, excavating first-layer earthwork to a required depth; s12, pouring a cushion layer; s13, constructing a beam slab structure; s14, after the demolding condition is reached, removing the template support system;
the second step comprises: s21, building a ventilation shaft (3); s22, installing a formal ventilation machine room (4);
the second step is performed in the first step, wherein the beam plate structure around the ventilation well (3) is firstly constructed, and then the beam plate structure at other positions is constructed; and (3) after the construction of the beam plate structure around the ventilation shaft (3) is completed, performing the second step.
2. The method of reverse construction of a multi-layer subterranean space according to claim 1, wherein step three comprises: s31, excavating earthwork to a required depth; s32, pouring a cushion layer; s33, constructing a beam plate structure; s34, after the demolding condition is reached, removing the template support system;
the fourth step comprises: s41, extending and constructing a ventilation shaft (3); s42, installing a formal ventilation machine room (4);
the fourth step is performed in the third step, the beam plate structure construction below the ventilation well (3) is performed in the third step, and then the beam plate structure construction of the rest positions is performed; and step four is carried out after the construction of the beam plate structure below the ventilation shaft (3) is completed.
3. The method of reverse construction of a multi-layer subterranean space according to claim 2, further comprising the step of constructing the substrate, comprising: s61, excavating earthwork to a required depth; s62, a bottom cushion layer and waterproof construction; s63, constructing a foundation slab; s6, the ventilation shaft (3) is extended and built, and the formal ventilation machine room (4) is installed.
4. A ventilation system for underground construction for the construction method of any one of claims 1-3, characterized by comprising a plurality of layers of underground spaces, ventilation shafts (3) and formal ventilation machine rooms (4) which are vertically distributed, wherein the bottom layer of the underground space is a construction layer (6), the other layers of the underground space are finishing layers (7), the ventilation shafts (3) penetrate through all the finishing layers (7), the formal ventilation machine rooms (4) are correspondingly arranged on each finishing layer (7), and the formal ventilation machine rooms (4) are communicated with the ventilation shafts (3); the air duct (5) is arranged on the formal ventilation machine room (4) adjacent to the construction layer (6), and the tail end of the air duct (5) faces the construction area of the construction layer (6).
5. The ventilation system for underground construction according to claim 4, wherein an activated carbon adsorption layer (9) is installed at one end of the air duct (5) near the main ventilation room (4).
6. The ventilation system for underground construction according to claim 5, further comprising a computer in data communication, which controls the formal ventilation room (4), and a harmful gas sensor, which is provided in the construction area of the construction layer (6), which is provided on the ground.
7. The underground construction ventilation system according to claim 6, wherein an alarm linked to the harmful gas sensor is provided in the main ventilation room (4).
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