CN115341081A - 超耐热合金锻件的模锻方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种超耐热合金锻件的模锻方法,包括如下步骤:铸锭:采用大炉熔炼和半连续铸造合金铸锭,并进行双级均匀化退火;模锻坯加热:将包覆保温材料的一面敞开的模锻坯放入加热炉中980~1140℃加热,保温系数0.6~0.8min/mm,保温时间≥30分钟;将(2)中的模锻坯置于预热6~8h的热模锻压机内进行击锤,击锤力为112000kN~148000kN,锤锻速度为1~5mm/s;对(3)中的锻坯进行加热至再结晶温度以上的固溶化热处理,完成模锻成形。本发明具有良好热膨胀特性,能够使被锻造构件充满模具的模腔端部的塑性变形。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及各种合金、钢等金属材料的模锻方法,特别涉及一种超耐热合金锻件的模锻方法。
背景技术
模锻是指在专用模锻设备上利用模具使毛坯成型而获得锻件的锻造方法,此方法生产的锻件尺寸精确,加工余量小,生产效率高。
热作模具钢和普通高强耐热不锈钢的热膨胀系数通常较低、热稳定性不佳,这会导致包容件在热装配时因装配温度过高而容易发生塑性变形。传统的工艺通过将被加热至锻造温度的被锻造构件锻造成接近最终产品的形状,因此能够利用通过锻造而使结晶颗粒细微化等来使机械特性得到改善,并能够减少之后进行的机械加工的作业量。然而,将整个被锻造构件覆盖起来时,无法从外部确认处于锻造过程中的被锻造构件的表皮状态。
发明内容
本发明的目的是克服现有技术存在的缺陷,提供一种具有良好热膨胀特性,能够使被锻造构件充满模具的模腔端部的塑性变形的超耐热合金锻件的模锻方法。
实现本发明目的的技术方案是:一种超耐热合金锻件的模锻方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)铸锭:采用大炉熔炼和半连续铸造合金铸锭,并进行双级均匀化退火;
(2)模锻坯加热:将包覆保温材料的一面敞开的模锻坯放入加热炉中980~1140℃加热,保温系数0.6~0.8min/mm,保温时间≥30分钟;
(3)将(2)中的模锻坯置于预热6~8h的热模锻压机内进行击锤,击锤力为112000kN~148000kN,锤锻速度为1~5mm/s;
(4)对(3)中的锻坯进行加热至再结晶温度以上的固溶化热处理,完成模锻成形。
上述技术方案所述(2)中,模锻坯首先在~700℃入炉,升温至(850±30)℃,保温系数0.8~1.0min/mm,再升温至980~1140℃,保温系数0.6~0.8min/mm。
上述技术方案所述模锻坯的质量百分比为:C 0.35%~1.0%,Mn 5.0%~7.0%,Si≤3.0%,Cr 15.0%~22.0%,Ni 2.0%~10.0%,Mo 0.5%~4.0%,Cu 0.5%~4.0%,Nb≤1.0%,N 0.03%~0.5%,P≤0.015%,S≤0.07%,其余为Fe和不可避免的杂质元素。
上述技术方案所述(2)和(3)之间还包括用触点式测温仪对锻前模锻坯进行表面测温的抽检。
上述技术方案所述所述(3)中的热模锻压机锻前进行模膛清理和均匀喷涂润滑剂。
上述技术方案所述(4)的热处理后进行超声波探伤检查。
采用上述技术方案后,本发明具有以下积极的效果:
(1)本发明具有良好热膨胀特性,能够使被锻造构件充满模具的模腔端部的塑性变形。
(2)本发明能够抑制因在锻造过程中温度降低而产生的表面裂纹,并且也容易进行温度管理。
(3)本发明在现有合金钢生产线上完成而无需做较大调整,具有很好的推广应用前景。
具体实施方式
(实施例1)
本发明包括如下步骤:(1)铸锭:采用大炉熔炼和半连续铸造合金铸锭,并进行双级均匀化退火;
(2)模锻坯加热:将包覆保温材料的一面敞开的模锻坯放入加热炉中980~1140℃加热,保温系数0.6~0.8min/mm,保温时间≥30分钟;
(3)将(2)中的模锻坯置于预热6~8h的热模锻压机内进行击锤,击锤力为112000kN~148000kN,锤锻速度为1~5mm/s;其中,热模锻压机锻前进行模膛清理和均匀喷涂润滑剂;
(4)对(3)中的锻坯进行加热至再结晶温度以上的固溶化热处理,完成模锻成形,然后进行超声波探伤检查。
上述(2)中,模锻坯首先在~700℃入炉,升温至(850±30)℃,保温系数0.8~1.0min/mm,再升温至980~1140℃,保温系数0.6~0.8min/mm。
上述模锻坯的质量百分比为:C 0.35%~1.0%,Mn 5.0%~7.0%,Si≤3.0%,Cr15.0%~22.0%,Ni 2.0%~10.0%,Mo 0.5%~4.0%,Cu 0.5%~4.0%,Nb≤1.0%,N0.03%~0.5%,P≤0.015%,S≤0.07%,其余为Fe和不可避免的杂质元素。其中,C是强奥氏体稳定化元素,可以通过固溶强化显著提高钢的强度,Si是提高合金钢高温抗氧化性的重要元素,Mn能够部分替代贵重金属Ni,不仅可以提高合金钢的强度,还可以降低钢种成本,Ni可以式合金保持良好塑韧性。
(实施例2)
本实施例与实施例1基本相同,其区别特征在于:在(2)和(3)之间增加用触点式测温仪对锻前模锻坯进行表面测温的抽检。
以上所述的具体实施例,对本发明的目的、技术方案和有益效果进行了进一步详细说明,所应理解的是,以上所述仅为本发明的具体实施例而已,并不用于限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (6)
1.一种超耐热合金锻件的模锻方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)铸锭:采用大炉熔炼和半连续铸造合金铸锭,并进行双级均匀化退火;
(2)模锻坯加热:将包覆保温材料的一面敞开的模锻坯放入加热炉中980~1140℃加热,保温系数0.6~0.8min/mm,保温时间≥30分钟;
(3)将(2)中的模锻坯置于预热6~8h的热模锻压机内进行击锤,击锤力为112000kN~148000kN,锤锻速度为1~5mm/s;
(4)对(3)中的锻坯进行加热至再结晶温度以上的固溶化热处理,完成模锻成形。
2.根据权利要求1所述的超耐热合金的模锻方法,其特征在于:所述(2)中,模锻坯首先在~700℃入炉,升温至(850±30)℃,保温系数0.8~1.0min/mm,再升温至980~1140℃,保温系数0.6~0.8min/mm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的超耐热合金的模锻方法,其特征在于:所述模锻坯的质量百分比为:C 0.35%~1.0%,Mn 5.0%~7.0%,Si≤3.0%,Cr 15.0%~22.0%,Ni 2.0%~10.0%,Mo 0.5%~4.0%,Cu 0.5%~4.0%,Nb≤1.0%,N 0.03%~0.5%,P≤0.015%,S≤0.07%,其余为Fe和不可避免的杂质元素。
4.根据权利要求1所述的超耐热合金的模锻方法,其特征在于:所述(2)和(3)之间还包括用触点式测温仪对锻前模锻坯进行表面测温的抽检。
5.根据权利要求1所述的超耐热合金的模锻方法,其特征在于:所述所述(3)中的热模锻压机锻前进行模膛清理和均匀喷涂润滑剂。
6.根据权利要求1所述的超耐热合金的模锻方法,其特征在于:所述(4)的热处理后进行超声波探伤检查。
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