CN115340755A - 一种仿珊瑚礁或岛礁体复合材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种仿珊瑚礁或岛礁体复合材料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明实施例公开了一种仿珊瑚礁或岛礁体复合材料及其制备方法。一种仿珊瑚礁或岛礁体复合材料包括如下重量份数的原料:二氧化碳共聚物原液10‑50份、PBAT 10‑40份、镁粉5‑15份、碳酸钙10‑35份、竹木纤维10‑35份、壳聚糖5‑10份、甲壳素5‑10份、矿渣10‑30份、碎石粉10‑30份、玄武岩纤维2‑10份、碳纤维2‑10份、发泡剂1‑5份、封端剂1‑5份、增塑剂1‑5份。本发明提供的复合材料在进行珊瑚礁生态系统修复时,具有珊瑚成活率高的特点,另外,在海水环境中发生降解,降解时间可控,降解产物安全、无毒,可供周边海洋环境系统修复养伤,广泛适用于珊瑚礁、岛礁海洋生态环境修复。
Description
技术领域
本发明实施例涉及仿生材料技术领域,具体涉及一种仿珊瑚礁或岛礁体复合材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
珊瑚礁以占整个海洋不足0.2%的面积为超过25%的水下上万种海洋生物提供生存空间,被称为“海洋生命发动机”,也被称作“海洋中的热带雨林”。珊瑚礁不仅可以为众多海洋生物提供产卵、繁殖和躲避敌害的栖息场所,同时,还具有消散波浪能量、减少海岸侵蚀、保护海岸线的潜力。与此同时,珊瑚礁也是敏感脆弱的海洋生态系统,是全球气候变化最敏感的环境指示物之一。
由于人类在相关海域的破坏性捕鱼方式、海水污染、发展旅游业等活动、以及全球变暖的影响,珊瑚的生存环境愈发窘迫,珊瑚礁资源日益减少。近50年来,我国南海地区各海区活珊瑚的覆盖度至少下降60%以上。
人造珊瑚礁能够改善海域环境,具有显著的生态效益。目前,国内外对于珊瑚礁生态系统的修复主要通过珊瑚的栽种移植来完成。移植时所采用的礁体材料种类对于移植后珊瑚的成活率、后续海洋生物的生长、珊瑚礁生态系统修复速度的提高,均具有至关重要的作用。
在人造珊瑚礁的材料选择上,良好的生态相容性和多孔隙结构是目前的首要前提条件。混凝土材料含钙丰富,具有一定的强度及耐磨性、粗糙的表面及内部的多孔结构等均适合作为人造珊瑚礁珊瑚移植的基体,因此,混凝土材料是现阶段国内外广泛采用的人造珊瑚礁基体材料。除此之外,不锈钢、纯铁、木材、天然石料、PVC、聚氨酯、玻璃钢等材料也被用于人造珊瑚礁的基体材料。从结构上讲,嵌板组合式、金字塔型、正六面体锥台、网格状、中空壳体、台状壳体等多种形式的人造礁体结构也被设计出来。
除了单一材料的人造珊瑚礁,组合材料也被用于人造珊瑚礁的制作中,混凝土与钢铁结合的礁基、碎石与聚氨酯的粘接礁基、塑料木板组合礁基也被用于人造礁基的制作中。
总而言之,现阶段人造珊瑚礁材料种类相对单一、基础理论研究内容不足、尚缺少精准科学研究布局。人造珊瑚礁亟需朝向规模大型化、形式多样化、材料现代化以及组合构件标准化的方向发展。
然而,现有人造珊瑚礁材料在完成助力珊瑚幼体附着、生长、钙化后,均会作为珊瑚礁的基底永久留存于海洋中,会对其周边生态环境有或多或少的影响。
发明内容
为此,本发明实施例提供一种仿珊瑚礁或岛礁体复合材料及其制备方法,以解决现有人造礁体材料在修复珊瑚礁生态系统时,存在珊瑚成活率低、强度不足、对周边海洋生态系统产生二次污染等问题。
为了实现上述目的,本发明实施例提供如下技术方案:
根据本发明实施例的第一方面,提供一种仿珊瑚礁或岛礁体复合材料,包括如下重量份数的原料:二氧化碳共聚物原液10-50份、PBAT 10-40份、镁粉5-15份、碳酸钙10-35份、竹木纤维10-35份、壳聚糖5-10份、甲壳素5-10份、矿渣10-30份、碎石粉10-30份、玄武岩纤维2-10份、碳纤维2-10份、发泡剂1-5份、封端剂1-5份、增塑剂1-5份。
进一步地,包括如下重量份数的原料:二氧化碳共聚物原液25份、PBAT20份、镁粉10份、碳酸钙22份、竹木纤维18份、壳聚糖7份、甲壳素8份、矿渣18份、碎石粉16份、玄武岩纤维5份、碳纤维8份、发泡剂3份、封端剂2份、增塑剂3份。
进一步地,所述发泡剂包括偶氮二甲酰胺或4,4’-氧代双苯磺酰肼。
进一步地,所述增塑剂包括邻苯二甲酸二丁酯或环氧大豆油。
进一步地,所述封端剂为马来酸酐。
根据本发明实施例的第二方面,提供如上任一所述的仿珊瑚礁或岛礁体复合材料的制备方法,包括:
按照配比称取二氧化碳共聚物原液、PBAT、镁粉、碳酸钙、竹木纤维、壳聚糖、甲壳素、矿渣、碎石粉、玄武岩纤维、碳纤维、发泡剂、封端剂和增塑剂;
将上述各原料混合,搅拌均匀,即得所述仿珊瑚礁或岛礁体复合材料。
本发明的二氧化碳共聚物原液以二氧化碳和环氧丙烷为主要原料(二氧化碳含量达31%-40%),该材料的研发、生产及应用有利于缓解温室效应、符合“双碳”战略的要求。同时,该材料的生产能够大大减少烃及上游原料(石油)的消耗。并且,二氧化碳共聚物原液材料具有柔性的分子链,通过改变其化学结构可调整其性能;较易在热、催化剂、或微生物作用下发生分解,分解后只产生水和二氧化碳、对环境无污染。
镁的电极电位较低,耐腐蚀性差,可作为阳极材料保护其他材料免受腐蚀。元素镁是海水中的主要成分,常以氯化镁、硫酸镁、碳酸镁等盐类形式存在,Mg2+在海水中的含量约为1.29g/kg。镁是海水生物生长必不可少的元素,作为钙的助溶剂,海水中的镁元素可促进海洋生物对钙元素的吸收,为海洋生物骨骼的生长、珊瑚的生长等提供足够的钙质的摄入,保证其具有足够的硬度,防止鱼类的骨骼、珊瑚的基体变脆、萎靡甚至脱骨。通过控制镁含量,还能够影响珊瑚的颜色。已经有研究表明,金属材料在海水的氧化腐蚀过程中产生的微电池会促进海水中的碳酸钙析出并在表面沉积、附着,这对人造珊瑚礁钙化生长有很好的促进效果。
本发明基于以上两种材料,提供一种纯镁与二氧化碳共聚物原液改性材料共混的人造珊瑚礁、岛礁体仿生功能材料。该材料在修复珊瑚礁、岛礁生态系统的同时,可在海水中根据不同海域的实际需要择期降解,降解产物安全、无毒,在供给海洋生物营养的同时,不会对周边海洋生态系统造成损害。本发明为人造珊瑚礁材料的选择提供了一种新思路,与现有的人造珊瑚礁、岛礁所用材料最大的不同在于可提供一种仿生多功能、降解时间可控的环境友好型高分子材料与镁的结合体,充分发挥了两种材料结合后对海洋生态环境修复的重要战略价值。
本发明实施例具有如下优点:
本发明提供的仿珊瑚礁或岛礁体复合材料在进行珊瑚礁生态系统修复时,具有珊瑚成活率高的特点,另外,该复合材料可在海水环境中发生降解,降解时间可控,降解产物安全、无毒,可供周边海洋环境系统修复养伤,广泛适用于珊瑚礁、岛礁海洋生态环境修复。
具体实施方式
以下由特定的具体实施例说明本发明的实施方式,熟悉此技术的人士可由本说明书所揭露的内容轻易地了解本发明的其他优点及功效,显然,所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
需要说明的是,实施例中未注明具体条件者,按照常规条件或制造商建议的条件进行。所用试剂或仪器未注明生产厂商者,均为可以通过市售购买获得的常规产品。
实施例1
本实施例提供一种仿珊瑚礁或岛礁体复合材料,包括如下重量份数的原料:二氧化碳共聚物原液18份、PBAT 38份、镁粉10份、碳酸钙15份、竹木纤维32份、壳聚糖7份、甲壳素5份、矿渣18份、碎石粉20份、玄武岩纤维2份、碳纤维8份、偶氮二甲酰胺4份、马来酸酐2份、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯1份。
上述仿珊瑚礁或岛礁体复合材料的制备方法如下:
按照配比称取二氧化碳共聚物原液、PBAT、镁粉、碳酸钙、竹木纤维、壳聚糖、甲壳素、矿渣、碎石粉、玄武岩纤维、碳纤维、发泡剂、封端剂和增塑剂,将上述各原料混合,搅拌均匀,即得所述仿珊瑚礁或岛礁体复合材料。
实施例2
本实施例提供一种仿珊瑚礁或岛礁体复合材料,包括如下重量份数的原料:二氧化碳共聚物原液25份、PBAT 20份、镁粉10份、碳酸钙22份、竹木纤维18份、壳聚糖7份、甲壳素8份、矿渣18份、碎石粉16份、玄武岩纤维5份、碳纤维8份、4,4’-氧代双苯磺酰肼3份、马来酸酐2份、环氧大豆油3份。
上述仿珊瑚礁或岛礁体复合材料的制备方法同实施例1。
实施例3
本实施例提供一种仿珊瑚礁或岛礁体复合材料,包括如下重量份数的原料:二氧化碳共聚物原液40份、PBAT 15份、镁粉8份、碳酸钙30份、竹木纤维12份、壳聚糖5份、甲壳素9份、矿渣12份、碎石粉16份、玄武岩纤维5份、碳纤维6份、偶氮二甲酰胺1份、马来酸酐5份、环氧大豆油3份。
上述仿珊瑚礁或岛礁体复合材料的制备方法同实施例1。
测试例1
对实施例1-3的仿珊瑚礁或岛礁体复合材料的空隙率、低温抗裂性能、强度、弹性模量、水解性能进行测试,结果见表1。
其中,按照动态测试法和静态测试法进行测试,两种测试方法所得结果的平均值即为复合材料的弹性模量。
表1
虽然,上文中已经用一般性说明及具体实施例对本发明作了详尽的描述,但在本发明基础上,可以对之作一些修改或改进,这对本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的。因此,在不偏离本发明精神的基础上所做的这些修改或改进,均属于本发明要求保护的范围。
Claims (6)
1.一种仿珊瑚礁或岛礁体复合材料,其特征在于,包括如下重量份数的原料:
二氧化碳共聚物原液10-50份、PBAT 10-40份、镁粉5-15份、碳酸钙10-35份、竹木纤维10-35份、壳聚糖5-10份、甲壳素5-10份、矿渣10-30份、碎石粉10-30份、玄武岩纤维2-10份、碳纤维2-10份、发泡剂1-5份、封端剂1-5份、增塑剂1-5份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的仿珊瑚礁或岛礁体复合材料,其特征在于,包括如下重量份数的原料:
二氧化碳共聚物原液25份、PBAT 20份、镁粉10份、碳酸钙22份、竹木纤维18份、壳聚糖7份、甲壳素8份、矿渣18份、碎石粉16份、玄武岩纤维5份、碳纤维8份、发泡剂3份、封端剂2份、增塑剂3份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的仿珊瑚礁或岛礁体复合材料,其特征在于,所述发泡剂包括偶氮二甲酰胺或4,4’-氧代双苯磺酰肼。
4.根据权利要求1所述的仿珊瑚礁或岛礁体复合材料,其特征在于,所述增塑剂包括邻苯二甲酸二丁酯或环氧大豆油。
5.根据权利要求1所述的仿珊瑚礁或岛礁体复合材料,其特征在于,所述封端剂为马来酸酐。
6.权利要求1-5任一项所述的仿珊瑚礁或岛礁体复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括:
按照配比称取二氧化碳共聚物原液、PBAT、镁粉、碳酸钙、竹木纤维、壳聚糖、甲壳素、矿渣、碎石粉、玄武岩纤维、碳纤维、发泡剂、封端剂和增塑剂;
将上述各原料混合,搅拌均匀,即得所述仿珊瑚礁或岛礁体复合材料。
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