CN115333121A - Cooperative control strategy for improving frequency stability of high-proportion new energy power system - Google Patents

Cooperative control strategy for improving frequency stability of high-proportion new energy power system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115333121A
CN115333121A CN202110507499.5A CN202110507499A CN115333121A CN 115333121 A CN115333121 A CN 115333121A CN 202110507499 A CN202110507499 A CN 202110507499A CN 115333121 A CN115333121 A CN 115333121A
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frequency
new energy
power
inertia
coi
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张军六
李佳朋
唐震
潘捷
郝丽花
李宇骏
薛志伟
孟涛
芦晓辉
南晓强
黄苏雷
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State Grid Electric Power Research Institute Of Sepc
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/24—Arrangements for preventing or reducing oscillations of power in networks
    • H02J3/241—The oscillation concerning frequency
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/004—Generation forecast, e.g. methods or systems for forecasting future energy generation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/46—Controlling of the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/40—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation wherein a plurality of decentralised, dispersed or local energy generation technologies are operated simultaneously

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses cooperative control for improving the frequency stability of a high-proportion new energy power system, which is characterized in that secondary derivative zero points of a local measurement frequency curve are sequentially connected to obtain a piecewise linear curve, and the piecewise linear curve approximately replaces a system inertia center frequency curve; if the absolute value of the difference value between the frequency of which the measured second derivative is a zero point and the rated frequency of the system exceeds a set frequency event starting threshold, judging that a frequency event occurs, and if the absolute value is less than the threshold, returning to the step of measuring the local frequency; after a frequency event occurs, estimating the change rate of the inertial center frequency of the system; estimating the power shortage of the system by combining the system equivalent inertia estimated after the last frequency disturbance; arranging the new energy unit to bear the power shortage or surplus of the system according to the ratio of the installed capacity of the new energy to the total installed capacity of the system, and providing frequency support for the alternating current system; the additional power control strategy provided by the invention has the advantages of no communication estimation of the system inertia center frequency, simple calculation, quick response and the like.

Description

Cooperative control strategy for improving frequency stability of high-proportion new energy power system
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of power system control, and particularly relates to a cooperative control strategy for improving the frequency stability of a high-proportion new energy power system.
Background
In recent years, new energy power generation is vigorously developed with the advantages of cleanness, renewability and the like, and the new energy power system has increasingly improved occupation ratio; however, the lack of coupling between the power electronic converter type power supply and the system frequency makes it difficult to provide power support to the system after it is disturbed; along with the gradual replacement of the traditional synchronous power supply by a converter type power supply, the inertia level of a power system is gradually reduced, and the frequency change is quick and easily exceeds the specified frequency fluctuation range in the dynamic process of the system; therefore, a high-proportion new energy power system has the characteristic of low inertia, and how to ensure the frequency stability of the system becomes a challenge.
There are many researchers who research the inverter control for improving the frequency stability of the system, and the inverter control is roughly divided into two types: droop control and virtual synchronization control; both of these control strategies have certain limitations:
1. the droop control can provide stronger power support only when the frequency offset of the system is larger;
2. the virtual synchronization control inherits the electromechanical transient characteristics of the synchronous generator, and how to match control parameters such as virtual inertia, virtual damping and the like to inhibit the electromechanical oscillation of the system becomes a difficult point;
3. the access of a plurality of virtual synchronous machines makes the dynamic characteristics of the power grid increasingly complex, and is not beneficial to the analysis and design of virtual synchronous control;
4. the design of the two types of frequency controllers is based on the change of the transient frequency, and the problems of rapid frequency change, large frequency deviation and stability of the transient frequency at the initial stage of disturbance due to the fact that rapid power modulation of a current converter cannot be utilized can not be solved well.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention overcomes the defects of the prior art, provides a cooperative control strategy for improving the frequency stability of a high-proportion new energy power system, can estimate the unbalanced power of the system, thus quickly adjusting the power of a current converter and providing frequency support for an alternating current system, and has clear strategy principle, simple control logic and no need of communication.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the cooperative control strategy for improving the frequency stability of the high-proportion new energy power system comprises the following steps of:
s1, obtaining piecewise linear approximation of the frequency of the center of inertia (COI) of the whole system according to a local measurement frequency signal, and measuring the frequency f of a PCC point PCC ；
S2, if the f obtained in the step S1 PCC If the absolute value of the difference value of the system rated frequency exceeds a set frequency event starting threshold, judging that a frequency event occurs, executing a step S3, and if the absolute value of the difference value of the system rated frequency is smaller than the threshold, returning to the step S1;
s3, calculating f PCC Estimating the COI frequency change rate of the system by using a second-order difference sequence;
s4, estimating the power shortage of the system by combining the system equivalent inertia estimated after the last frequency disturbance;
and S5, arranging the new energy unit to bear the power shortage or surplus of the system according to the ratio of the installed capacity of the new energy to the total installed capacity of the system, and providing frequency support for the alternating current system.
Specifically, in step S2, f measured in step S1 is compared with f PCC The following calculations were performed:
|f PCC -f n |＞Δf set
wherein, f n Is the rated frequency of the system; Δ f set A threshold is initiated for a frequency event.
Specifically, in step S3, the system COI frequency change rate can be estimated according to the following formula:
Figure BDA0003059018910000021
wherein, f COI Is the estimated value of the system COI frequency; f. of PCC1 And f PCC2 The values at which the 1 st and 2 nd second derivative of the PCC measured frequency after a frequency event is signed, t, respectively 1 And t 2 Respectively corresponding time.
Specifically, in step S4, the system unbalanced power Δ P is calculated as follows:
Figure BDA0003059018910000022
wherein H sys Is the equivalent inertia of the system.
Further, the estimated system inertia level is as follows:
Figure BDA0003059018910000023
wherein H sys Is the equivalent inertia of the system; delta P G The total output change of the generator; h G Inertia is synchronized for the system.
Further, the system synchronous inertia H G Variation of output Δ P in total with the generator G Can be calculated according to the following formula:
Figure BDA0003059018910000031
wherein H i Is the inertia constant of the ith generator; delta P Gi The output change of the ith generator.
The output of the ith generator changes as follows:
Figure BDA0003059018910000032
wherein Δ represents the amount of change; p Gi Outputting power for the ith generator; f. of i The frequency of the ith generator.
Specifically, in step S5, the output command value of the new energy is:
Figure BDA0003059018910000033
wherein, P inv And
Figure BDA0003059018910000034
respectively, a command value and a reference value, K, of the power outer loop control of the inverter station r Is the ratio of the installed capacity of the new energy to the installed capacity of the system.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects.
The cooperative control strategy for improving the frequency stability of the high-proportion new energy power system only quickly estimates the unbalanced power of the alternating current system in a frequency event through the frequency data of the new energy accessed to the PCC points of the inversion station, and is favorable for quickly estimating the unbalanced power at the initial stage of a frequency accident and changing the output of a current converter.
Furthermore, the inertia level of the system is indirectly estimated by using the synchronous inertia and the power change of the system, so that more complex load and new energy inertia estimation is avoided, and the calculation is simple.
Furthermore, the COI frequency of the system is estimated based on the local measurement frequency, communication equipment is not needed, the problems of reliability and communication delay existing in a centralized method for measuring the inertial center frequency of the system are solved, and rapid calculation is facilitated.
In summary, the control strategy of the present invention has the advantages of no communication estimation system COI frequency, simple calculation, fast response, etc.
Drawings
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a control strategy of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of local frequency inflection point detection;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a new energy power system under test;
fig. 4 is a simulation diagram of the dynamic process of the system when the absorbed power of node 6 in fig. 3 increases by 0.4p.u., wherein (a) is simulation result one, (b) is simulation result two, and (c) is simulation result three.
FIG. 5 is a simulation diagram of the dynamic process of the system when node 5 absorbs a power sharp decrease of 0.6p.u. in FIG. 3, wherein (a) is simulation result one, (b) is simulation result two, and (c) is simulation result three.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples.
The invention provides a system COI frequency estimation method based on local measurement, provides an estimation method of system equivalent inertia, combines the system COI frequency estimation method and the system equivalent inertia to quickly calculate unbalanced power in a system dynamic process, and further provides power support for an alternating current system by utilizing the quick adjustment capability of new energy.
Referring to fig. 1, the cooperative control strategy for improving the frequency stability of the high-proportion new energy power system includes the following steps:
s1, estimating a system COI frequency;
because the system COI frequency curve passes through the second derivative zero point of the local measurement frequency curve, the second derivative zero points of the local measurement frequency curve are sequentially connected, and the obtained piecewise linear curve can approximately replace the system COI frequency curve; please refer to fig. 2 for a local frequency inflection point detection method.
S2, judging the PCC points estimated in the step S1Whether the absolute value of the difference between the frequency and the rated frequency of the system exceeds the frequency event starting threshold value, if f PCC -f n |＞Δf set If yes, judging the occurrence frequency event and executing the step S3; if the threshold value is smaller than the threshold value, the step S1 is returned to.
S3, estimating the COI frequency change rate of the system;
first calculate f PCC And (3) a second-order difference sequence, wherein the COI frequency change rate of the system is as follows:
Figure BDA0003059018910000041
wherein f is PCC1 And f PCC2 The values at which the 1 st and 2 nd second derivative of the PCC measured frequency after a frequency event is signed, t, respectively 1 And t 2 Respectively corresponding time.
S4, estimating the power shortage of the system;
the inertia constant of the ith generator is as follows:
Figure BDA0003059018910000051
wherein, J i The moment of inertia of the ith generator; s i Is the rated capacity of the ith generator.
The output variation of the ith generator is as follows:
Figure BDA0003059018910000052
wherein Δ represents the amount of change; p Gi Outputting power for the ith generator; f. of i The frequency of the ith generator.
System synchronous inertia H G Variation of output Δ P in total with generator G Comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0003059018910000053
the system COI frequency is:
Figure BDA0003059018910000054
when the system only contains synchronous inertia, the combination of the formula (3), the formula (4) and the formula (5) can obtain:
Figure BDA0003059018910000055
similarly, when considering the inertia provided by the asynchronous motor in the system and the virtual inertia provided by the new energy source, there are:
Figure BDA0003059018910000056
wherein H sys Is the equivalent inertia of the system; Δ P is the system imbalance power, and is due to the fact that Δ P accounts for the power variations of the asynchronous components in the system>ΔP G 。
Combining equation (6) and equation (7), the equivalent inertia of the system can be calculated as follows:
Figure BDA0003059018910000061
it is worth noting that equation (8) approximately considers the ratio of the system equivalent inertia to the synchronous inertia to be equal to the ratio of the system power variation to the generator power variation when the system is subjected to disturbance and the steady state is recovered; in the initial stage after the system suffers interference, the unbalanced power of the whole system is difficult to obtain quickly; the system equivalent inertia defined by the formula (8) can be used for roughly calculating the magnitude of unbalanced power of the system, which is of great significance to the design of subsequent stable lifting control; the method for estimating the equivalent inertia is reasonable because the subsequent control does not need to accurately calculate the delta P and the inertia of the system does not need to be very accurate.
From equation (7), the system imbalance power is:
Figure BDA0003059018910000062
because the equivalent inertia and the unbalanced power of the system are difficult to obtain simultaneously, the equivalent inertia of the system estimated after the last frequency disturbance is adopted to approximately replace the equivalent inertia of the current system.
S5, calculating the output instruction value of the new energy unit:
the method specifically comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0003059018910000063
wherein, P inv And
Figure BDA0003059018910000064
respectively, a command value and a reference value, K, of the power outer loop control of the inverter station r Is the ratio of the installed capacity of the new energy to the installed capacity of the system.
Referring to fig. 3, fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a new energy power system under test, which has 6 nodes; the AC power grid comprises three equivalent generators SG 1 、SG 2 And SG 3 Each generator is represented by a classical second-order model and is provided with a corresponding speed regulating system, and the load adopts a constant impedance model and is connected with the generator through an overhead line represented by an RX model; photovoltaic power generation PV is connected to a node No. 3 through a DC-AC interconnection converter after being boosted in a centralized mode, and in order to stabilize fluctuation of new energy output, an energy storage system with rapid power modulation capability is arranged on a direct current side, and P is dc Power provided for new energy; the control mode of the converter is changed, and the capability of improving the frequency stability of the system under the conditions of sudden increase and sudden decrease of the system load is tested respectively.
Referring to fig. 4, fig. 4 is a dynamic process of the system when node 6 of the test system in fig. 3 absorbs 0.4p.u. of power increase; when the load suddenly increases, because the power generated by the generator is smaller than the system absorption power, the rotor of the generator decelerates to release the rotational kinetic energy to provide power support for the alternating current system, and the system frequency drops immediately.
FIG. 4 (a) is a frequency response of the system when the new energy does not participate in the inertia response and frequency modulation process; as can be seen from fig. 4 (a), in the dynamic process of the system, the generator frequency curve fluctuates around the system COI frequency curve, and the piecewise linear curve obtained by connecting the zero points of the second derivative of the generator frequency curve is the COI frequency estimation curve; it can be seen that the calculation result obtained by the COI frequency estimation method provided by the invention is almost coincident with the COI curve of the actual system, and the accuracy of the frequency estimation method is well verified.
FIGS. 4 (b) and 4 (c) are dynamic processes of the system under droop control and the proposed control of the present invention, and the droop control curve and the proposed control curve labeled in FIG. 4 (b) represent SG control curves, respectively 1 、SG 2 And SG 3 The change diagrams of the frequency of the system are respectively in the droop control and the control provided by the invention, and as can be seen from fig. 4 (b), the frequency deviation of the system is obviously less than that of the system without additional control due to the supporting effect of the new energy on the alternating current system; in addition, droop control provides greater power support when system frequencies deviate more from nominal, and its corresponding frequency nadir is still less than ideal (frequency nadir of about 0.9932p.u.); as can be seen from fig. 4 (c), the control strategy provided by the present invention can quickly estimate and compensate the power shortage of the system in the early stage of the frequency dip, and thus has a better suppression effect on the frequency dip of the system (the frequency dip is about 0.9944p.u.); therefore, the control strategy provided by the invention can improve the frequency dynamic process of the disturbed system and improve the first-swing stability of the system.
FIG. 5 is a dynamic process of the system in FIG. 3 when node 5 absorbs a power sharp decrease of 0.6p.u.
FIG. 5 (a) is a system dynamic process when the new energy does not respond to the frequency change of the AC system; it can be seen that the generator generates power surplus after the load is reduced, so that the rotor is accelerated, the system frequency is increased, and the highest point of the frequency is about 1.0064p.u.; in addition, the piecewise linear estimation curve is very close to the real system COI frequency curve, and the accuracy of the proposed COI frequency estimation method is verified again.
FIGS. 5 (b) and 5 (c) are the frequency response process and inverter, respectively, of the system during a sudden load dropThe droop control curve and the proposed control curve marked in fig. 5 (b) respectively represent SG 1 、SG 2 And SG 3 The frequency of the frequency is respectively in the change diagrams of the droop control and the control provided by the invention, and as can be seen from fig. 5 (b), the highest point of the system frequency is obviously reduced under the action of the droop control and the control provided by the invention, which are 1.0056 and 1.0041p.u. respectively; as can be seen from fig. 5 (c), the control proposed by the present invention has a faster response speed than the conventional droop control, and can provide frequency support for the ac system at the initial stage of the frequency accident; the simulation result verifies that the control strategy provided by the invention can effectively inhibit the frequency offset of the disturbed system.
In summary, according to the cooperative control strategy for improving the frequency stability of the high-proportion new energy power system provided by the invention, on one hand, a system COI frequency estimation method based on local measurement is provided according to the peculiar relationship between a certain node frequency curve in the system and a system COI frequency curve; on the other hand, according to the synchronous inertia and power change information of the system after the frequency event, the equivalent inertia level of the system can be evaluated; the unbalanced power of the system can be rapidly calculated in the dynamic process of the system by combining the two, and then the power support is provided for the alternating current system by utilizing the rapid adjustment capability of the new energy; compared with the traditional droop control, the strategy can quickly respond in the initial stage of frequency change and has better inhibiting effect on the frequency drop or sudden increase of the system.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention and its effects, and do not limit the present invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications and improvements can be made to the above-described embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, it is intended that all equivalent modifications or changes be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical spirit of the present invention, and be covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. The cooperative control strategy for improving the frequency stability of the high-proportion new energy power system is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, obtaining piecewise linear approximation of the frequency of the center of inertia (COI) of the whole system according to a local measurement frequency signal, and measuring the frequency f of a PCC point PCC ；
S2, if f obtained in step S1 PCC If the absolute value of the difference value of the system rated frequency exceeds a set frequency event starting threshold, judging that a frequency event occurs, executing a step S3, and if the absolute value of the difference value of the system rated frequency is smaller than the threshold, returning to the step S1;
s3, calculating f PCC Estimating the COI frequency change rate of the system by using a second-order difference sequence;
s4, estimating the power shortage of the system by combining the equivalent inertia of the system estimated after the last frequency disturbance;
and S5, arranging the new energy unit to bear the power shortage or surplus of the system according to the ratio of the installed capacity of the new energy to the total installed capacity of the system, and providing frequency support for the alternating current system.
2. The cooperative control strategy for improving the frequency stability of the high-proportion new energy electric power system according to claim 1, wherein in step S1, the second derivative zeros of the local measurement frequency curve are sequentially connected to obtain a piecewise linear curve approximate substitution system COI frequency curve.
3. The cooperative control strategy for improving frequency stability of the high-proportion new energy electric power system according to claim 1, wherein in step S3, the system COI frequency change rate can be estimated according to the following formula:
Figure FDA0003059018900000011
wherein f is COI Is the estimated value of the system COI frequency; f. of PCC1 And f PCC2 The values at which the 1 st and 2 nd second derivative of the PCC measured frequency after a frequency event is signed, t, respectively 1 And t 2 Respectively corresponding time instants.
4. The cooperative control strategy for improving the frequency stability of the high-proportion new energy power system according to claim 1, wherein in step S4, the calculation formula of the system unbalanced power Δ P is as follows:
Figure FDA0003059018900000012
wherein H sys Is the equivalent inertia of the system.
5. The cooperative control strategy for improving frequency stability of the high-proportion new energy electric power system according to claim 4, wherein the estimation formula of the system inertia level is as follows:
Figure FDA0003059018900000021
wherein, Δ P G The total output change of the generator; h G Inertia is synchronized for the system.
6. The cooperative control strategy for improving the frequency stability of the high-proportion new energy power system according to claim 1, wherein in step S5, the output command value of the new energy is:
Figure FDA0003059018900000022
wherein, P inv And
Figure FDA0003059018900000023
respectively, a command value and a reference value, K, of the power outer loop control of the inverter station r Is the ratio of the installed capacity of the new energy to the installed capacity of the system.
CN202110507499.5A 2021-05-10 2021-05-10 Cooperative control strategy for improving frequency stability of high-proportion new energy power system Pending CN115333121A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN116093979A (en) * 2023-04-10 2023-05-09 山东大学 Wind power station frequency support control method and system based on PCC-COI frequency

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN116093979A (en) * 2023-04-10 2023-05-09 山东大学 Wind power station frequency support control method and system based on PCC-COI frequency
CN116093979B (en) * 2023-04-10 2023-06-13 山东大学 Wind power station frequency support control method and system based on PCC-COI frequency

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