CN110943451B - System partition area inertia evaluation method based on disturbance data - Google Patents
System partition area inertia evaluation method based on disturbance data Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for evaluating system regional inertia based on disturbance data, which comprises the steps of analyzing the frequency response characteristic of a disturbed power system when the power of the power system is unbalanced in case of disturbance, and obtaining key measurement parameters required by evaluating the inertia of the power system; dividing the disturbed power system into a non-fault area and a fault area, and respectively calculating inertia of the non-fault area and the fault area based on the key measurement parameters in the step 1; and further measuring the power and the frequency of each region on the contact line of each region after the power system is disturbed, and evaluating the inertia of each region of the power system based on the measured data. The method can accurately evaluate the inertia level of the power system, has fewer parameters to be measured and is easy to obtain, and the problem that the power unbalance amount is difficult to obtain in actual measurement is solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of power system inertia evaluation, in particular to a system partition inertia evaluation method based on disturbance data.
Background
With the development of new energy power generation technology, the new energy power generation proportion in the power system is continuously improved, the new energy power generation system is connected to the power system through power electronic equipment, the power output of the new energy power generation system is decoupled from the frequency of a power grid, and inertia support and frequency control cannot be provided for the system like a traditional synchronous generator. With the improvement of the new energy ratio in the power grid, the equivalent inertia of the power grid is reduced, the capability of maintaining the frequency stability of the system is reduced, and relevant documents indicate through statistical analysis that the equivalent inertia of power systems in Europe, Japan, Asia and the like is reduced to different degrees due to the large-scale access of new energy in recent 20 years; on the other hand, due to the fact that a large amount of extra-high voltage alternating current and direct current transmission projects are put into operation, the system transmission power is huge, the risk that the system is subjected to high-power disturbance is increased, the risk that the system frequency is stable is increased, and therefore the evaluation of the system inertia is of great significance for researching the frequency dynamic characteristics of the system and guiding new energy to be accessed into a power grid.
The method comprises the following steps of evaluating system inertia, namely determining an inertia time constant of a system, wherein the inertia time constant represents the time for the system to provide rated power only by using the rotation kinetic energy of the system, and representing the capability of the system to restrain frequency change when power unbalance occurs, and the following methods are mainly researched for evaluating the system inertia in the prior art: based on a small disturbance analysis method, a large disturbance analysis method and based on a steady state analysis method, wherein:
the small disturbance analysis method mainly comprises the steps of establishing a small signal model, analyzing the relation between the oscillation characteristics and the system inertia, and calculating an inertia time constant by measuring the oscillation frequency, and has higher requirements on the signal processing technology; the large disturbance analysis method is mainly based on a classical generator and rotor motion equation, the system inertia is calculated through the power unbalance amount of a system and the frequency change rate of the system after disturbance occurs, and the existing analysis method needs to detect the state of a generator of the whole system and is difficult to realize; the steady-state method mainly adopts the weighting of the inertia of the unit and combines various machine learning methods, and a large amount of data bases are needed. Therefore, how to utilize limited measurement data and quickly and accurately evaluate the inertia of the system becomes an urgent problem to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a system partition inertia evaluation method based on disturbance data, which can accurately evaluate the inertia level of a power system, has fewer parameters to be measured and is easy to obtain, and solves the problem that the power unbalance amount is difficult to obtain in actual measurement.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for system partition area inertia assessment based on disturbance data, the method comprising:
step 1, when power imbalance occurs in a power system due to disturbance, analyzing the frequency response characteristic of the power system after the disturbance to obtain key measurement parameters required by evaluating the inertia of the power system; the key measurement parameters comprise the power system power unbalance amount and the frequency change rate;
and 3, further measuring the power and the frequency of each region on the contact line of each region after the power system is disturbed, and evaluating the inertia of each region of the power system based on the measured data.
According to the technical scheme provided by the invention, the method can accurately evaluate the inertia level of the power system, the parameters to be measured are few and easy to obtain, the problem that the power unbalance amount is difficult to obtain in actual measurement is solved, the method has important significance for researching the dynamic frequency characteristic and safe and stable operation of the system, and can provide guidance for new energy access of the system.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for evaluating inertia of a system partition based on disturbance data according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the area division according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a network topology of an electrical power system according to an example of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The following will describe an embodiment of the present invention in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, and as shown in fig. 1, a flow chart of a method for disturbance data-based system partition inertia estimation provided by the embodiment of the present invention is shown, where the method includes:
step 1, when power imbalance occurs in a power system due to disturbance, analyzing the frequency response characteristic of the power system after the disturbance to obtain key measurement parameters required by evaluating the inertia of the power system;
in this step, the specific analysis process is:
firstly, when the power imbalance occurs at the generator end, the following equation of motion exists:
in the formula, 2HgIs the generator inertia time constant, fgFor the generator end frequency, Pm，PeMechanical power and electromagnetic power of the generator respectively;
when the machine end has power imbalance, the generator releases the rotational kinetic energy in the rotor to compensate the power imbalance, at the moment, the rotational speed of the generator is reduced, the frequency of the generator end is changed, and the relationship between the rotational kinetic energy released by the rotor of the generator and the inertia time constant of the rotor is as follows:
in the formula, delta E is the rotational kinetic energy released by the rotor; omega0，ω1Respectively the initial rotating speed and the actual rotating speed of the rotor; s is the rated capacity of the generator;
when power imbalance occurs when a power system is disturbed, before a speed regulation system acts, a unit with rotational kinetic energy in the power system releases kinetic energy to be rotated, the frequency of the power system changes, and the following relational expression is satisfied:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,2Hsysis the system equivalent inertia time constant, fCOIThe equivalent inertia center frequency of the system is shown, and the delta P is the unbalance amount of the system power;
system equivalent inertia center frequency fCOIThe calculation formula of (a) is as follows:
wherein n is the number of generators, 2Hgi，fgiThe inertia time constant and the generator end frequency of the generator i are respectively, i is 0,1,2 … … n;
the calculation formula of the equivalent inertia time constant of the system is as follows:
therefore, key measurement parameters required for evaluating the inertia of the power system are the power unbalance amount and the frequency change rate of the power system according to the formula (6).
in this step, as shown in fig. 2, a schematic structural diagram of the area division according to the embodiment of the present invention is shown, the system is divided into two areas, the two areas exchange power through an intermediate link, and inertia of the two areas is obtained separately, specifically:
for an electric power system, inertia, power unbalance amount and frequency change rate of each area are generally described by the following formula (7), in the initial stage of disturbance, a speed regulator system of a generator is not put into use, mechanical power is unchanged, the power unbalance amount of the electric power system mainly depends on electromagnetic power change, and calculation is performed by the following formula (8):
ΔPi＝Pmi-Pei＝Pei0-Pei (8)
in the formula, 2Hi，fi，△PiRespectively the equivalent inertia time constant, the equivalent inertia center frequency and the power unbalance of the area i; pmi，PeiMechanical and electromagnetic power, P, respectively, of the post-failure zone iei0Is the electromagnetic power of the pre-fault zone i.
Further, for a non-fault area, the electromagnetic power change is the change of power on the interconnection line, and the power unbalance is calculated by the following formula:
ΔPi＝Pli0-Pli (9)
in the formula, Pli0，PliThe power on the connecting line of the area i before and after disturbance respectively;
combining equations 7 and 9, the equivalent time constant of inertia (i.e., the estimated system inertia) for the non-fault region is then calculated using the following equation:
in the formula, 2Hi，fiRespectively an equivalent inertia time constant and an equivalent inertia center frequency of the region i;
for the fault area, the electromagnetic power change is the change of the power on the interconnection line plus the external disturbance power, and the power unbalance is calculated by the following formula:
ΔPi＝Pli0-Pli+ΔPS (11)
in the formula,. DELTA.PSIs the disturbance power;
combining equations 7 and 11, the equivalent inertia time constant of the fault region is then calculated using the following equation:
the key measurement parameters required by the regional inertia evaluation are the power on the connecting line connecting each region and the outside, the frequency of each region and the disturbance power, which can be obtained by the calculation formulas 10 and 12;
because the power and the frequency of each area on the contact line are easy to measure in practice, and the disturbance power is often difficult to measure, the inertia of each area of the power system is further calculated by adopting a difference method in the embodiment, the required measurement data is reduced, and finally the key measurement parameters required by the evaluation of the inertia of the areas are the power and the frequency of each area on the contact line connecting each area with the outside, and the specific process is as follows:
for non-fault areas, two moments after the fault t1,t2Respectively calculating the equivalent inertia time constant of the region, which is specifically expressed as:
in the formula, Pli1，Pli2，(dfi/dt)t1，(dfi/dt)t2Respectively two moments after disturbance t1，t2The power and frequency change rate on the corresponding contact line of the area i;
the calculation formula for obtaining the inertia time constant of the non-fault region by respectively differentiating the numerator denominators of the two formulas 13 and 14 is as follows:
for the fault area, two moments t after the fault1,t2Respectively calculating the inertia time constant of the region, which is specifically expressed as:
the numerator and denominator of the two formulas 16 and 17 are respectively subjected to difference to obtain a calculation formula of the inertia time constant of the fault area, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein, t1，t2The value of (1) is the time in the initial time period after the disturbance occurs and before the primary frequency modulation action of the power system;
therefore, the inertia time constant is calculated by a difference method at two moments, and the same expression is adopted for both the non-fault region and the fault region, namely:
therefore, required measurement data are reduced, and finally, the key measurement parameters required by the regional inertia evaluation are power on a connecting line connecting each region with the outside and frequency of each region.
And 3, further measuring the power and the frequency of each region on the contact line of each region after the power system is disturbed, and evaluating the inertia of each region of the power system based on the measured data.
The above evaluation method is verified by a specific example, in this example, an 8-machine 36-node power system network is established, as shown in fig. 3, which is a power system network topology schematic diagram of the example of the present invention, the power system network topology schematic diagram is divided into 3 regions for processing, and an inertia evaluation result is compared with a theoretical value, so as to verify the correctness of the evaluation method, where the specific partitioning condition is shown in table 1 below:
table 18 machine 36 node system partition condition table
The total capacity of the unit in the power system is 4150MW, the load is 2568MW, the disturbance to the power system is set to increase the load at 50MW at the node 50, and the inertia time constant of each area is calculated according to the general formula (19) in the following two cases:
case 1: the loads in the system are all constant power loads;
case 2: setting the inertia time constant of the generator to be 2 times, wherein the loads in the system are all constant power loads;
key measurement parameters, namely power on a connecting line between each area at the corresponding moment and frequency of each area are measured, and then the result of calculating the inertia time constant of each area according to a formula (19) is shown in the following table 2, wherein the evaluation results of the equivalent inertia constant all use 100MW as reference capacity.
TABLE 2 evaluation results of inertia under different system conditions
Unit: second of
From case 1 and case 2, it can be derived that: when the loads in the system are all constant power loads, the equivalent inertia constant of each region obtained by the method of the embodiment is close to a theoretical value, and when the inertia time constant of the unit is changed to be 2 times, the calculation result is about 2 times under the condition of 1 time of the inertia time constant.
Therefore, the method provided by the embodiment of the invention can better evaluate the system inertia, the evaluation process only needs to measure the known system frequency and the power on the connecting line between the areas after disturbance, the disturbance power does not need to be obtained, and the parameters needed by calculation are reduced.
It is noted that those skilled in the art will recognize that embodiments of the present invention are not described in detail herein.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (2)
1. A method for system partition area inertia assessment based on disturbance data is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, when power imbalance occurs in a power system due to disturbance, analyzing the frequency response characteristic of the power system after the disturbance to obtain key measurement parameters required by evaluating the inertia of the power system; the key measurement parameters comprise the power system power unbalance amount and the frequency change rate;
wherein, the process of the step 1 specifically comprises the following steps:
when the power system is disturbed and has unbalanced power, the frequency of the power system changes, and the following relational expression is satisfied:
in the formula, 2HsysIs the equivalent inertia time constant of the system; f. ofCOIIs the system equivalent inertia center frequency; Δ P is the system power imbalance;
system equivalent inertia center frequency fCOIThe calculation formula of (a) is as follows:
in the formula, n is the number of generators; 2Hgi，fgiThe inertia time constant and the generator end frequency of the generator i are respectively, i is 0,1,2 … … n;
the calculation formula of the equivalent inertia time constant of the system is as follows:
obtaining key measurement parameters required for evaluating the inertia of the power system, namely the power unbalance amount and the frequency change rate of the power system;
step 2, dividing the disturbed power system into a non-fault area and a fault area, respectively calculating inertia of the non-fault area and the fault area based on the key measurement parameters in the step 1, and obtaining key measurement parameters required by regional inertia evaluation as power on a connecting line connecting each area and the outside and frequency of each area;
the process of respectively calculating the inertia of the non-fault area and the inertia of the fault area specifically includes:
for a non-fault area, the electromagnetic power change is the change of power on a connecting line, and the power unbalance amount is calculated by the following formula:
ΔPi＝Pli0-Pli
in the formula, Pli0，PliThe power on the connecting line of the area i before and after disturbance respectively;
the equivalent inertia time constant of the non-fault region is then calculated using the following equation:
in the formula, 2Hi，fiRespectively an equivalent inertia time constant and an equivalent inertia center frequency of the region i;
for the fault area, the electromagnetic power change is the change of the power on the interconnection line plus the external disturbance power, and the power unbalance is calculated by the following formula:
ΔPi＝Pli0-Pli+ΔPS
in the formula,. DELTA.PSIs the disturbance power;
the equivalent inertia time constant of the fault region is then calculated using the following equation:
the key measurement parameters required by the regional inertia evaluation are the power on a connecting line connecting each region and the outside, the frequency of each region and the disturbance power;
calculating the inertia of each area of the power system by adopting a difference method, reducing required measurement data, and finally obtaining key measurement parameters required by the evaluation of the inertia of the areas, namely the power on a connecting line connecting each area with the outside and the frequency of each area;
and 3, further measuring the power and the frequency of each region on the contact line of each region after the power system is disturbed, and evaluating the inertia of each region of the power system based on the measured data.
2. The method for evaluating the regional inertia of the system based on the disturbance data according to claim 1, wherein the calculating the inertia of each region of the power system by using a difference method comprises the following specific steps:
for non-fault areas, two moments after the fault t1,t2Respectively calculating the equivalent inertia time constant of the region, which is specifically expressed as:
in the formula, Pli1，Pli2，(dfi/dt)t1，(dfi/dt)t2Respectively two moments after disturbance t1，t2The power and frequency change rate on the corresponding contact line of the area i;
and respectively carrying out difference on the numerator and denominator of the two formulas to obtain a calculation formula of the inertia time constant of the non-fault area, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
for the fault area, two moments t after the fault1,t2Respectively calculating the inertia time constant of the region, which is specifically expressed as:
and respectively carrying out difference on the numerator and denominator of the two formulas to obtain a calculation formula of the inertia time constant of the fault area, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein, t1，t2The value of (1) is the time in the initial time period after the disturbance occurs and before the primary frequency modulation action of the power system;
therefore, the inertia time constant is calculated by a difference method at two moments, and the same expression is adopted for both the non-fault region and the fault region, namely:
therefore, required measurement data are reduced, and finally, the key measurement parameters required by regional inertia evaluation are power on a connecting line connecting each region with the outside and frequency of each region.
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| CN115549131B (en) * | 2022-11-03 | 2023-04-21 | 浙江大学 | Online inertia assessment method considering frequency dynamic response real-time partition |
| CN116231685B (en) * | 2023-05-10 | 2023-07-14 | 华北电力大学 | QPSO-based electric power system inertia and primary frequency modulation capability assessment method |
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