CN112993990A - Two-region system inertia calculation method based on random data driving - Google Patents
Two-region system inertia calculation method based on random data driving Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
- H02J2203/10—Power transmission or distribution systems management focussing at grid-level, e.g. load flow analysis, node profile computation, meshed network optimisation, active network management or spinning reserve management
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
- H02J2203/20—Simulating, e g planning, reliability check, modelling or computer assisted design [CAD]
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Abstract
A two-region system inertia calculation method based on random data drive belongs to the technical field of operation and maintenance of power systems, and is characterized in that on the basis that a rotor motion equation establishes a relationship between system inertia and electromechanical oscillation parameters, the equivalent reactance calculation of an actual system is considered, core parameters of an electromechanical oscillation interval mode are identified by using a random subspace method, order determination is simple, and calculation accuracy is high; compared with the existing method for calculating inertia by using frequency change rate, the method has the advantages that on the basis of analyzing the motion equation of the rotor, the complexity of frequency response after the fault is considered, the small interference data of normal operation of the system is adopted, the data does not need to be filtered, the adaptability is strong, and the practical application value is high.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of operation and maintenance of power systems, and particularly relates to a random data drive-based two-region system inertia calculation method.
Background
In an actual power grid, the load of the system changes constantly, the line reactance of a power transmission line changes constantly (the distance between lines swings with wind and the like) caused by the change of weather, the active output of a new energy power generation system changes constantly caused by the change of environment, the factors cause that the power system is subjected to small interference at every moment, great threat is brought to the stable operation of the system, the inertia is used as an important parameter of a generator and can reflect the characteristics of the system, corresponding adjustment can be made to the system according to the inertia of the real-time detection system, and the influence of various small interferences on the system is reduced. Therefore, the system inertia calculation and analysis have important practical significance for the safe and stable operation of the whole system.
The data source of conventional system inertia calculation is mostly based on large disturbance data, which not only has negative influence on the safety of the power system, but also has many limitations on the data used for estimation. The core technology of the method is to calculate the inertia of the system by using the frequency change rate, but a large amount of sampling data causes large calculation errors, and the frequency response of the power system at the disturbance moment is complex and is interfered by nonlinear factors such as noise, system electromechanical oscillation and the like, so that the reliability of the data is greatly reduced. Therefore, there is a need in the art for a new solution to solve this problem.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the method for calculating the inertia of the two-area system based on random data driving is provided, on the basis that the relation between the system inertia and electromechanical oscillation parameters is established by a rotor motion equation, the equivalent reactance calculation of an actual system is considered, the core parameters of an electromechanical oscillation interval mode are identified by using a random subspace method, the order determination is simple, and the calculation accuracy is high.
A two-region system inertia calculation method based on random data driving is characterized by comprising the following steps: comprises the following steps which are sequentially carried out,
step one, establishing a rotor motion equation under a classical second-order model of the synchronous generator,
wherein, delta is the power angle of the generator, omega is the actual angular speed of the generator, omeganRated angular speed of the generator, H is inertia of the generator, PmFor mechanical power of generators, PeThe power is the electromagnetic power of the generator, D is the damping of the generator system, and delta omega is the angular speed variation of the generator;
the characteristic value obtained by linear transformation and Laplace transformation of the rotor motion equation and taking Delta omega as a state variable is
Wherein, Ptl0For total transmitted active power, deltae0Is the system equivalent phase angle;
the real part of the characteristic value corresponds to the attenuation coefficient of the electromechanical oscillation, the imaginary part corresponds to the oscillation angular frequency, the relation between the system equivalent parameter and the electromechanical oscillation parameter is obtained,
where α is the attenuation coefficient, fdIs the oscillation frequency;
step two, identifying interval modal parameters of electromechanical oscillation by using a random subspace method
Wherein λ isiCharacteristic value of continuous-time system, aiIs the real part of the eigenvalue of the continuous-time system, biIs the imaginary part of the characteristic value of the continuous-time system, i is the number of the characteristic values of the system, etaiFor a discrete-time system characteristic value, fiIs the oscillation frequency of the continuous time system;
thirdly, the system equivalent reactance consists of a network reactance and a generator equivalent reactance, and the relevant characteristics of the coherent generator are
Wherein: omegaiIs the angular velocity, ω, of the generator ijAngular velocity of generator j, ξ is angular velocity deviation accuracy, ViIs terminal voltage of generator i, VjB is the constant complex ratio of the voltage of the coherent generator terminal;
the n-order voltage equation is simplified into a second-order matrix by the coherent characteristic
Wherein: i is1' is a region 1 equivalent current, I2'is area 2 equivalent current, Y' is equivalent admittance array, V1' is a zone 1 equivalent bus voltage, V2' is the zone 2 equivalent bus voltage;
network equivalent reactance of
x'e=Im(1/Y12')
Wherein: x'eIs a network equivalent reactance;
the equivalent reactance of the generator is
Wherein: zeFor regional equivalent generator reactance, ZiIs the reactance of the generator i, ZjIs the reactance of generator j;
obtaining a system equivalent reactance parameter in a steady state;
step four, the total transmission power parameter of the inter-area tie line in the steady state and the equivalent phase angle parameter between the areas are the sum of the total transmission active power in the steady state and all the tie line powers, wherein the per unit value of the voltage amplitude of the bus in the steady state is equal toAt 1, the system equivalent phase angle deltae0It is possible to calculate from the system equivalent reactance,
wherein: ptl0For total transmitted active power, n is the number of connections between the zones, PtliFor transmitting active power, X, on the ith linkeIs the system equivalent reactance;
step five, obtaining the system inertia H according to the system equivalent reactance parameters obtained in the step three and the transmission power and the equivalent phase angle in the steady state obtained in the step four
Wherein, ω isnFor rated angular speed of the generator, Ptl0For total transmitted active power, deltae0For the system equivalent phase angle, α is the attenuation coefficient, fdIs the oscillation frequency;
so far, the inertia calculation of the two-area system based on random data driving is completed.
Through the design scheme, the invention can bring the following beneficial effects: a two-region system inertia calculation method based on random data driving considers the equivalent reactance calculation of an actual system on the basis that a rotor motion equation establishes the relation between system inertia and electromechanical oscillation parameters, utilizes a random subspace method to identify core parameters of an electromechanical oscillation interval mode, and is simple in order determination and high in calculation accuracy.
Furthermore, compared with the existing method for calculating inertia by using frequency change rate, on the basis of analyzing a rotor motion equation, the method considers the complexity of frequency response after a fault, adopts small interference data of normal operation of the system, does not need to filter the data, has strong adaptability and has higher practical application value.
Drawings
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and detailed description:
FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a flow of a two-region system inertia calculation method based on random data driving according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a connection diagram of a four-machine two-zone system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a diagram of the angular velocity timing data of the generator G1 according to the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a diagram of the angular velocity timing data of the generator G2 according to the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a diagram of the angular velocity timing data of the generator G3 according to the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a diagram of the angular velocity timing data of the generator G4 according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a reactance diagram of a four-machine two-zone system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is an equivalent diagram of a four-machine system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the comparison result of the inertia of the four-engine system according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
A method for calculating inertia of a two-region system based on random data driving, as shown in FIG. 1, comprises the following steps, which are sequentially performed,
step one, establishing a rotor motion equation under a classical second-order model of the synchronous generator,
wherein, delta is the power angle of the generator, omega is the actual angular speed of the generator, omeganRated angular speed of the generator, H is inertia of the generator, PmFor mechanical power of generators, PeThe power is the electromagnetic power of the generator, D is the damping of the generator system, and delta omega is the angular speed variation of the generator;
the characteristic value obtained by linear transformation and Laplace transformation of the rotor motion equation and taking Delta omega as a state variable is
Wherein, Ptl0For total transmitted active power, deltae0Is the system equivalent phase angle;
the real part of the characteristic value corresponds to the attenuation coefficient of the electromechanical oscillation, the imaginary part corresponds to the oscillation angular frequency, the relation between the system equivalent parameter and the electromechanical oscillation parameter is obtained,
where α is the attenuation coefficient, fdIs the oscillation frequency;
step two, identifying interval modal parameters of electromechanical oscillation by using a random subspace method
Wherein λ isiCharacteristic value of continuous-time system, aiIs the real part of the eigenvalue of the continuous-time system, biIs the imaginary part of the characteristic value of the continuous-time system, i is the number of the characteristic values of the system, etaiFor a discrete-time system characteristic value, fiIs the oscillation frequency of the continuous time system;
thirdly, the system equivalent reactance consists of a network reactance and a generator equivalent reactance, and the relevant characteristics of the coherent generator are
Wherein: omegaiIs the angular velocity, ω, of the generator ijAngular velocity of generator j, ξ is angular velocity deviation accuracy, ViIs terminal voltage of generator i, VjB is the constant complex ratio of the voltage of the coherent generator terminal;
the n-order voltage equation is simplified into a second-order matrix by the coherent characteristic
Wherein: i is1' is a region 1 equivalent current, I2'is area 2 equivalent current, Y' is equivalent admittance array, V1' is a zone 1 equivalent bus voltage, V2' is the zone 2 equivalent bus voltage;
network equivalent reactance of
x'e=Im(1/Y12')
Wherein: x'eIs a network equivalent reactance;
the equivalent reactance of the generator is
Wherein: zeFor regional equivalent generator reactance, ZiIs the reactance of the generator i, ZjIs the reactance of generator j;
obtaining a system equivalent reactance parameter in a steady state;
step four, the total transmission power parameter of the inter-area tie line and the equivalent phase angle parameter of the inter-area tie line in the steady state are the sum of all tie line powers in the total transmission active power in the steady state, wherein the per unit value of the voltage amplitude of the bus in the steady state is approximately equal to 1, and the equivalent phase angle delta of the system ise0It is possible to calculate from the system equivalent reactance,
wherein: ptl0For total transmitted active power, n is the number of connections between the zones, PtliFor transmitting active power, X, on the ith linkeIs the system equivalent reactance;
step five, obtaining the system inertia H according to the system equivalent reactance parameters obtained in the step three and the transmission power and the equivalent phase angle in the steady state obtained in the step four
Wherein, ω isnFor rated angular speed of the generator, Ptl0For total transmitted active power, deltae0For the system equivalent phase angle, α is the attenuation coefficient, fdIs the oscillation frequency;
so far, the inertia calculation of the two-area system based on random data driving is completed.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 2, in the four-machine two-zone system, G1, G2, G3 and G4 are all generators, the time series data of the angular speeds of the generators are shown in fig. 3 to 6, and random data of the angular speeds of the four generators for 250 seconds is selected, and it can be seen from the figure that noise-like exists in the angular speeds of the generators G1 to G4 due to various small disturbances on the system.
Identifying the system by using the angular velocity change data of each generator as the input data of a random subspace, and obtaining the oscillation frequency f of the system by using the order with the maximum adjacent change in the singular value decomposition calculation result as the order in the identification process of the random subspacedAnd an attenuation coefficient alpha.
FIG. 7 shows the reactance of a four machine two zone system, where X isT1~XT4Is a transformer reactance, X1~X7For the line impedance, the equivalent method proposed by the first to the fourth steps is to make the system equivalent to that shown in FIG. 8, x8And x9Equivalent generator reactances, x 'of two regions respectively'eFor the network equivalent reactance, the equivalent reactance of the system is obtained as Xe=x'e+x8+x9=0.2131。
Carrying out power flow analysis on the system to obtain the transmission power P of the connecting linetl03.9798, nominal angular velocity ω n2 pi 50 pi 100 pi. Calculating the equivalent inertia H of the system according to the related parametersg3.1668 (reference capacity of 900MW), standard inertia H of the system03.25, compared with the inertia of the estimation of the electromechanical oscillation parameters, the method has high accuracy, and the feasibility of the method in a two-region system is verified.
For an actual power grid, the output power of the load and the new energy source are changed at any moment, so that the operation mode of the power grid becomes complex and variable, and in order to verify that the method has universality for a two-region system, the inertia of the generator is assumed to be changed near the standard inertia (3.25), and the inertia of the system is estimated again. The comparison result is shown in fig. 9, the inertia estimated value keeps quite high goodness of fit with the true value along with the change of the system parameter, and the estimated result is smaller than the true value, the estimated error is small, and the accuracy is high. The comparison of the inertia calculated value and the standard value under different operation modes of the example simulation shows that the two-region system inertia calculation method based on random data driving is efficient and practical.
Claims (1)
1. A two-region system inertia calculation method based on random data driving is characterized by comprising the following steps: comprises the following steps which are sequentially carried out,
step one, establishing a rotor motion equation under a classical second-order model of the synchronous generator,
wherein, delta is the power angle of the generator, omega is the actual angular speed of the generator, omeganRated angular speed of the generator, H is inertia of the generator, PmFor mechanical power of generators, PeThe power is the electromagnetic power of the generator, D is the damping of the generator system, and delta omega is the angular speed variation of the generator;
the characteristic value obtained by linear transformation and Laplace transformation of the rotor motion equation and taking Delta omega as a state variable is
Wherein, Ptl0For total transmitted active power, deltae0Is the system equivalent phase angle;
the real part of the characteristic value corresponds to the attenuation coefficient of the electromechanical oscillation, the imaginary part corresponds to the oscillation angular frequency, the relation between the system equivalent parameter and the electromechanical oscillation parameter is obtained,
where α is the attenuation coefficient, fdIs the oscillation frequency;
step two, identifying interval modal parameters of electromechanical oscillation by using a random subspace method
Wherein λ isiCharacteristic value of continuous-time system, aiIs the real part of the eigenvalue of the continuous-time system, biIs the imaginary part of the characteristic value of the continuous-time system, i is the number of the characteristic values of the system, etaiFor a discrete-time system characteristic value, fiIs the oscillation frequency of the continuous time system;
thirdly, the system equivalent reactance consists of a network reactance and a generator equivalent reactance, and the relevant characteristics of the coherent generator are
Wherein: omegaiIs the angular velocity, ω, of the generator ijAngular velocity of generator j, ξ is angular velocity deviation accuracy, ViIs terminal voltage of generator i, VjB is the constant complex ratio of the voltage of the coherent generator terminal;
the n-order voltage equation is simplified into a second-order matrix by the coherent characteristic
Wherein: i is1' is a region 1 equivalent current, I2' is region 2Equivalent current, Y' being an equivalent admittance array, V1' is a zone 1 equivalent bus voltage, V2' is the zone 2 equivalent bus voltage;
network equivalent reactance of
x'e=Im(1/Y12')
Wherein: x'eIs a network equivalent reactance;
the equivalent reactance of the generator is
Wherein: zeFor regional equivalent generator reactance, ZiIs the reactance of the generator i, ZjIs the reactance of generator j;
obtaining a system equivalent reactance parameter in a steady state;
step four, the total transmission power parameter of the inter-area tie line and the equivalent phase angle parameter of the inter-area tie line in the steady state are the sum of all tie line powers in the total transmission active power in the steady state, wherein the per unit value of the voltage amplitude of the bus in the steady state is approximately equal to 1, and the equivalent phase angle delta of the system ise0It is possible to calculate from the system equivalent reactance,
wherein: ptl0For total transmitted active power, n is the number of connections between the zones, PtliFor transmitting active power, X, on the ith linkeIs the system equivalent reactance;
step five, obtaining the system inertia H according to the system equivalent reactance parameters obtained in the step three and the transmission power and the equivalent phase angle in the steady state obtained in the step four
Wherein, ω isnTo generate electricityRated angular speed of the machine, Ptl0For total transmitted active power, deltae0For the system equivalent phase angle, α is the attenuation coefficient, fdIs the oscillation frequency;
so far, the inertia calculation of the two-area system based on random data driving is completed.
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