CN115326352A - Experimental device and experimental method for simulating influence of vegetation lodging degree on water flow characteristics of open channel - Google Patents
Experimental device and experimental method for simulating influence of vegetation lodging degree on water flow characteristics of open channel Download PDFInfo
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- CN115326352A CN115326352A CN202210902144.0A CN202210902144A CN115326352A CN 115326352 A CN115326352 A CN 115326352A CN 202210902144 A CN202210902144 A CN 202210902144A CN 115326352 A CN115326352 A CN 115326352A
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- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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Abstract
The invention provides an experimental device and an experimental method for simulating the influence of vegetation lodging degree on the water flow characteristics of an open channel. The device comprises a water tank, a water inlet device, a slope adjusting device, an experimental water tank, a vegetation lodging angle adjusting device and a supporting frame; the water inlet device comprises a water lift pump, a still water tank and the like, and an opening on one side wall of the water purification tank is communicated with the experimental water tank; vegetation lodging angle adjusting device installs in a lateral wall of experiment basin, and the slope device is horizontal on the top of water tank one side, and the support frame is installed in water tank top opposite side, water purification case, experiment basin are installed in the top position of water tank through slope device and support frame of transferring. The experimental method is to use the cylindrical rod to simulate plants, change the lodging angles and directions of the simulated vegetation and the slopes of the channels by adjusting the vegetation lodging angle adjusting device and the slope adjusting device, and study the influence of the lodging degrees on the characteristics of open channel water flows, so as to study the resistance effect of vegetation form changes on river flood runoff.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of hydrodynamics and river dynamics research, and particularly relates to an experimental device and an experimental method for simulating the influence of vegetation lodging degree on the water flow characteristics of an open channel.
Background
At present, ecological river channel construction is vigorously carried out in China, the coverage rate of vegetation on flood beaches and even main troughs of rivers is greatly improved, the vegetation is an important component of a river ecosystem and is an important mark for constructing the ecological river channels, the vegetation can inhibit sediment from resuspending, purify a water environment, prevent water flow from eroding river banks, maintain the ecological function of the river system to be stable, meanwhile, the existence of the vegetation changes the water flow resistance characteristic of the river channels, influences the hydraulic characteristics such as water flow speed, flow rate, flow state and the like, and changes the storage and discharge relationship of the river channels, so that the converging process of the river channels is changed, and the vegetation has an influence effect which is not ignored on the propulsion of river channel water flows, particularly flood runoff in a flood season. Therefore, the research on the resistance effect of the river vegetation on the water flow has important significance on the construction of the ecological river, the accurate prediction of the flow process of the river and the high water level.
When vegetation interacts with rivers, the plant can be under the flowing water pressure of rivers, and downstream lodging range can be adjusted according to the change of hydraulic characteristic value to with continuous vibration moreover. At present, the relation between vegetation lodging and water flow dynamics elements and the water flow resistance of vegetation in different lodging states are less researched and controversial. Few studies have focused on qualitative analysis and fewer quantitative studies. Therefore, it is necessary to perform experimental simulation to study the water flow resistance change conditions of vegetation under different lodging degrees, analyze the change rule between the vegetation lodging degree and the water flow resistance action, and give a quantitative relationship.
The drag reduction effect of the open channel plants under different lodging amplitudes is researched, and the action relation between the vegetation lodging amplitude and the runoff water depth, flow speed and turbulent state is explored. The method is beneficial to accurate prediction of the open channel flow process, thereby providing value reference for flood control. The method is beneficial to providing a theoretical basis for the research and application of vegetation form resistance, thereby effectively relieving the slope hydraulic erosion and treating the water and soil loss.
Therefore, for researching the influence of the vegetation lodging degree on the open channel water flow characteristic mechanism, an experimental model is supplemented to carry out a relevant simulation experiment.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing an experimental device for simulating the influence of vegetation lodging degree on the water flow characteristics of an open channel. The technical scheme is as follows:
an experimental device for simulating the influence of vegetation lodging degree on the water flow characteristics of an open channel comprises a water tank, a water inlet device, a slope adjusting device, an experimental water tank, a vegetation lodging angle adjusting device and a supporting frame;
the water inlet device comprises a lift pump, a flow control valve, a still water tank and a honeycomb flat water plate, the lift pump is arranged on one side of the bottom in the water tank, the lift pump is connected with the purified water tank through an L-shaped water delivery pipe, one side wall of the purified water tank is of a structure with an open upper end and a closed lower end, the opening of the purified water tank is communicated with the experimental water tank, the middle of the purified water tank is separated by the honeycomb flat water plate, and the purified water tank is fixedly connected with the experimental water tank;
vegetation lodging angle adjusting device installs in a lateral wall of experiment basin, the top of water tank one side is violently arranged in to the accent sloping device, and the support frame is installed in water tank top opposite side, water purification case, experiment basin are installed in the top position of water tank through accent sloping device and support frame.
Preferably, water tank, still water tank, experiment basin are the rectangle structure, experiment basin left and right sides wall is open structure, the water purification case equals with the front and back width of the lateral wall of experiment basin switch-on, the size of honeycomb flat board and the big or small looks adaptation of lateral wall about the experiment basin.
Preferably, the front width and the rear width of the water tank are larger than the widths of the water purifying tank and the experimental water tank, and the left length and the right length of the water tank are larger than the lengths of the water purifying tank and the experimental water tank.
Preferably, the center of the slope adjusting device is provided with a supporting column with adjustable height, the supporting column is fixedly connected with a bottom plate of the experimental water tank, and the point of connection of the supporting column and the bottom plate is positioned on the front and rear central lines of the bottom.
Preferably, the L-shaped water delivery pipe is a telescopic water delivery pipe, the top end of the vertical part of the L-shaped water delivery pipe is connected with the water inlet at the bottom of the water purification tank and is in closed connection, and the tail end of the horizontal part of the L-shaped water delivery pipe is connected with the lift pump; and a flow control valve is arranged on the upper side of the vertical part of the L-shaped water conveying pipe.
Preferably, the top of experiment basin is equipped with the slidable roof, the roof up end is equipped with evenly distributed's circular thru hole, the roof both sides are equipped with the roof and inlay the groove, the top of both sides wall is equipped with the basin around the experiment basin and inlays the groove, the roof is inlayed the groove and is inlayed the groove cooperation and use with the basin, realizes connecting.
Preferably, a rectangular rubber cushion layer is laid at the bottom of the experimental water tank, the rubber cushion layer is positioned at the middle section of the bottom of the experimental water tank, and four corners of the rubber cushion layer are fixed at two sides of the experimental water tank through fixing nails; the length of the left end and the right end of the top plate is smaller than that of the experimental water tank, and the length of the left end and the right end of the rubber cushion layer is equal to that of the top plate.
Preferably, a cylindrical rod can be inserted into the circular through hole, the bottom of the cylindrical rod is in a needle point shape, and the cylindrical rod penetrates through the circular through hole and is inserted into the rubber cushion layer at the bottom of the experimental water tank.
Preferably, the vegetation lodging angle adjusting device is arranged on the front side wall of the experimental water tank and comprises a hand-operated sawtooth rotating wheel, a sawtooth chain, a rotating wheel fixing component, a goniometer, a telescopic goniometer needle and a rotatable fixing buckle;
the sawtooth rotating wheel comprises a sawtooth disc, a hand crank and a rotating wheel fixing shaft, and is arranged in the middle of the front side wall of the experimental water tank and right below the top plate through the rotating wheel fixing shaft; the number of the saw teeth of one circle of the circumference of the saw-tooth disc 28 can be 20-30.
The runner fixing part is arranged in the middle of the front side wall of the experimental water tank and right below the sawtooth runner and comprises a runner fixing rod, a fixing rod connecting shaft and a fixing rod embedding body, the fixing rod embedding body is provided with a groove matched with the runner fixing rod, the bottom of the groove is provided with the fixing rod connecting shaft, the runner fixing rod can rotate around the fixing rod connecting shaft in the direction close to the fixing rod embedding body and/or in the direction away from the fixing rod embedding body, the runner fixing rod is longer than the fixing rod embedding body, and the runner fixing rod is just clamped in the middle of two sawteeth of the sawtooth runner when embedded in the fixing rod embedding body;
the sawtooth chain is arranged on the edge of the lower end face of the top plate and is connected with and buckled with the sawtooth rotating wheel;
the angle meter is fixed at the bottom of one side of the front side wall of the experimental water tank and under the edge of the top plate, one end of the telescopic angle measuring needle is fixed at the circle center of the angle meter through a rotatable fixing buckle, and the other end of the telescopic angle measuring needle is fixed at the edge of the side wall of the top plate through a rotatable fixing buckle.
The experimental method of the experimental device for simulating the influence of the vegetation lodging degree on the water flow characteristics of the open channel comprises the following specific experimental steps:
the cylindrical rod vertically penetrates through the circular through hole to be inserted into the rubber cushion layer, the top plate is positioned right above the rubber cushion layer, the angle measuring needle is vertical to the bottom edge of the experimental water tank and is parallel to the cylindrical rod, and the water purifying tank and the experimental water tank are horizontally positioned above the water tank;
the water in the water tank is conveyed to the static water tank by the lift pump through the flow control valve, the water overflowing from the static water tank enters the experimental water tank through the honeycomb flat water plate and finally flows into the water tank again, the water circulation of the whole device is realized, and the flow rate is controlled by controlling the flow control valve of the lift pump;
the height of the supporting column of the slope regulating device is adjusted to enable the water purifying tank and the experimental water tank to present different slopes;
the rotating wheel fixing rod is rotated towards the direction back from the fixing rod embedding body, the hand-operated sawtooth rotating wheel is rotated to drive the sawtooth chain to move so as to realize that the top plate slides leftwards or rightwards, the cylindrical rod realizes the uniform lodging that the simulated vegetation presents a certain angle, the angle measuring needle also deflects to a certain angle along with the sliding of the top plate and keeps parallel with the cylindrical rod, then the rotating wheel fixing rod is embedded in the fixing rod embedding body so as to fix the sawtooth rotating wheel, and the angle is read by the angle measuring device to carry out observation and recording;
repeating the above operations, changing the angle of the cylindrical rod for simulating vegetation lodging, observing and recording.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
the cylindrical rod simulation plant experimental simulation device is simple in structure and convenient to operate, experimental simulation is carried out by utilizing the cylindrical rod to simulate plants, and the obtained experimental result is used for researching the resistance effect of vegetation form change on river channel flood runoff and serving for accurate forecasting of the flood runoff process, so that project research has great economic and social benefits in the aspects of preventing flood disasters and guaranteeing life and property safety of people.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an experimental apparatus for simulating the influence of vegetation lodging degree on the water flow characteristics of an open channel in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a simulation experiment of inserting a cylindrical rod into a circular through hole of a top plate in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a view showing the construction of the serrated rotor and rotor mounting part of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a side cut view of an experimental water tank of example 1 of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a structural view of a goniometer and a retractable goniometer according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
In the figure, 1-water tank; 2-a lift pump; 3-a slope regulating device; 4-L type water delivery pipe; 5-a flow control valve; 6-still water tank; 7-honeycomb horizontal plate; 8-experimental water tank; 9-a top plate; 10-circular through hole; 11-a top plate embedding groove; 12-a water tank embedding tank; 13-fixing nails; 14-a rubber cushion layer; 15-a saw-tooth wheel; 16-a wheel securing member; 17-a support frame; 18-a saw-tooth chain; 19-a goniometer needle; 20-a goniometer; 21-a cylindrical rod; 22-a rotating wheel fixing shaft; 23-a hand crank; 24-a rotating wheel fixing rod; 25-a fixed link connecting shaft; 26-fixation rod inlay; 27-fixing buckle; 28-serrated disk.
Detailed Description
The drawings are for illustration purposes only and are not to be construed as limiting the invention; for the purpose of better illustrating the present embodiments, certain features of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced, and do not represent the size of an actual product; to those skilled in the art, certain well-known structures in the drawings and descriptions thereof may be omitted so as to not unnecessarily obscure the concept of the present invention; the terms "upper," "lower," "top," "bottom," "side," "end," "inner," "outer," and the like are used in an orientation or positional relationship indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the invention and to simplify description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must be in a particular orientation, constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
It should also be understood that the description is intended to be exemplary only, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. The following detailed description is made with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, an experimental device for simulating the influence of vegetation lodging degree on the water flow characteristics of an open channel comprises a water tank 1, a water inlet device, a slope adjusting device 3, an experimental water tank 8, a vegetation lodging angle adjusting device 7 and a support frame 17;
the water installations includes lift pump 2, flow control valve 5, still water tank 6, honeycomb flat water board 7, lift pump 2 installs bottom one side in water tank 1, and lift pump 2 passes through L type raceway 4 with water purification case 6 to be connected, 6 lateral walls of water purification case are upper end opening, lower extreme confined structure, and its opening part and experiment basin 8 switch-on separate through honeycomb flat water board 7 in the middle of, water purification case 6 and experiment basin 8 fixed connection. Water tank 1, still water tank 6, experiment basin 8 are the rectangle structure, experiment basin 8 left and right sides wall is open structure, the width equals around the lateral wall of clean water tank 6 and the switch-on of experiment basin 8, the size of honeycomb flat board 7 and the big or small looks adaptation of experiment basin 8 left and right sides lateral wall. The opening of the upper end of one side wall of the water purifying tank 6 occupies 1/2 of the whole side wall, the experimental water tank 8 is communicated with the opening of the water purifying tank 6, and the top end of the experimental water tank 8 is lower than the top end of the water purifying tank 6.
The L-shaped water delivery pipe 4 is a telescopic water delivery pipe, the top end of the vertical part of the L-shaped water delivery pipe 4 is connected with the water inlet at the bottom of the water purifying tank 6 and is hermetically connected with the water inlet, and the tail end of the horizontal part of the L-shaped water delivery pipe is connected with the water pump 2; the upside of the vertical portion of L type raceway 4 sets up flow control valve 5, can adjust the flow size as required, carries out the lodging vegetation open channel rivers experiment of different flow components, is favorable to studying the change relation and the law between flow, vegetation lodging angle and the hydraulic parameter.
As shown in fig. 2 and 4, the top of experiment basin 8 is equipped with slidable roof 9, roof 9 up end is equipped with evenly distributed's circular thru hole 10, roof 9 both sides are equipped with roof and inlay groove 11, the top of both sides wall is equipped with basin and inlays groove 12 around experiment basin 8, roof is inlayed groove 11 and is inlayed groove 12 with the basin and just in time cooperate the use, realizes connecting, and connects the face and smooth, and roof 11 can realize sliding, and roof is inlayed the both ends of groove 11 and can set up spacing part, can prevent roof roll-off experiment basin 8. The limiting component adopts the prior art.
A rectangular rubber cushion layer 14 is laid at the bottom of the experimental water tank 8, the rubber cushion layer 14 is positioned at the middle section of the bottom of the experimental water tank 8, and four corners of the rubber cushion layer are fixed at two sides of the experimental water tank through fixing nails 13; the lengths of the left end and the right end of the top plate 9 are smaller than that of the experimental water tank 8, and the lengths of the left end and the right end of the rubber cushion layer 14 are equal to that of the top plate 9. The rubber cushion layer 14 is beneficial to simulating vegetation and fixing the vegetation at the bottom of the rectangular experimental water tank, and the operation is simple and fast.
The central authorities of accent sloping device 3 set up a height-adjustable's support column, the bottom plate fixed connection of support column and experiment basin 8, the support column with the point that the bottom plate is connected is located the central line around the bottom, supports like this that the experiment basin can not appear tilt around, and the support column can be too high or reduce for adjust the height of water purification case 6 and experiment basin 8 one end, makes it appear different slopes. Through adjusting the influence of slope research lodging vegetation to the open channel rivers under the different slope conditions, the duplication river course bottom slope that can be more accurate.
The width around water tank 1 is greater than the width of water purification case 6, experiment basin 8, the length about water tank 1 is greater than the length of water purification case 6, experiment basin 8. The clear water tank 6 and the experimental water tank 8 are completely in the range right above the water tank 1.
As shown in fig. 2, a cylindrical rod 21 can be inserted into the circular through hole 10 to simulate vegetation, and the bottom of the cylindrical rod 21 is in a shape of a pinpoint, and is inserted into the rubber cushion 14 at the bottom of the experimental water tank 8 through the circular through hole 10. The research of experimental vegetation distribution density and pattern is convenient.
As shown in fig. 3, 4 and 5, the vegetation lodging angle adjusting device is mounted on the front side wall of the experimental water tank and comprises a hand-operated sawtooth rotating wheel 15, a sawtooth chain 18, a rotating wheel fixing component 16, an angle meter 20, a telescopic angle measuring needle 19 and a rotatable fixing buckle 27; the sawtooth rotating wheel 15 comprises a sawtooth disc 28, a hand crank 23 and a rotating wheel fixing shaft 22, and is installed in the middle of the front side wall of the experimental water tank 8 and right below the top plate 9 through the rotating wheel fixing shaft 22.
The runner fixing part 16 is installed in the middle of the front side wall of the experimental water tank 8 and right below the sawtooth runner 15, and includes a runner fixing rod 24, a fixing rod connecting shaft 25 and a fixing rod mosaic body 26. Namely, the sawtooth runner 15 and the runner fixing part 16 are positioned on the center line of the front side wall of the experimental water tank 8 in the left-right direction.
The fixing rod inlay 26 is provided with a groove matched with the runner fixing rod 24, the bottom of the groove is provided with a fixing rod connecting shaft 25, the runner fixing rod 24 can rotate around the fixing rod connecting shaft 25 towards the direction close to the fixing rod inlay 26 or away from the fixing rod inlay 26, and the runner fixing rod 24 can be fixedly embedded in the groove of the fixing rod inlay 26. The rotating wheel fixing rod 24 is longer than the fixing rod mosaic body 26, and when the rotating wheel fixing rod 24 is embedded in the fixing rod mosaic body 26, the rotating wheel fixing rod is just clamped in the middle of two sawteeth of the sawtooth rotating wheel 15 and used for fixing the sawtooth rotating wheel 15 to stop rotating. The wheel-fixing lever 24 can be rotated to a horizontal position around the lever-connecting shaft 25, and the horizontal position is fully opened, so that the horizontal position can be maintained without an external force. In the embodiment of fig. 3, 20 saw teeth are arranged on the saw-tooth disc 28, and the distance between two adjacent saw teeth is matched with the width of the wheel fixing rod 24.
As shown in fig. 5, the sawtooth chain 18 is installed at the edge of the lower end surface of the top plate 9, and is connected with and buckled with the sawtooth rotating wheel 15, and the top plate 9 can slide left and right under the driving of the sawtooth rotating wheel 15 and the sawtooth chain.
The angle gauge 20 is fixed at the bottom of the left side of the front side wall of the experimental water tank 8 and below the left side edge of the top plate 9, one end of the telescopic angle gauge needle 19 is fixed at the circle center of the angle gauge 20 through a rotatable fixing buckle 27, and the other end of the telescopic angle gauge needle is fixed at the left side edge of the side wall of the top plate through a rotatable fixing buckle 27.
Except for the water flowing at the opening parts of the water purifying tank 6 and the experimental water tank 8, water does not leak through the joints of the fixing nails 13, the fixing buckles 27, the rotating wheel fixing shafts 22 and the like.
A use experiment method of an experiment device for simulating the influence of vegetation lodging degree on the water flow characteristics of an open channel comprises the following specific experiment steps:
the cylindrical rod 21 vertically penetrates through the circular through hole 10 to be inserted into the rubber cushion layer 14, the top plate 9 is positioned right above the rubber cushion layer 14, the angle measuring needle 19 is vertical to the bottom edge of the experimental water tank 8 and is parallel to the cylindrical rod 21, and the water purifying tank 6 and the experimental water tank 8 are horizontally positioned above the water tank 1;
the water in the water tank 1 is conveyed into the still water tank 6 by the lift pump 2 through the flow control valve 5, the water overflowing from the still water tank 6 enters the experimental water tank 8 through the honeycomb-shaped flat plate 7 and finally converges into the water tank 1 again, so that the water circulation of the whole device is realized, and the water flow is controlled by controlling the flow control valve of the lift pump 2;
the height of the supporting columns of the slope adjusting device 3 is adjusted, so that the water purifying tank 6 and the experimental water tank 8 are different in gradient, the influence of lodging vegetation on the water flow of the open channel under different gradient conditions is researched, and the gradient of the bottom slope of the river channel can be accurately copied;
the runner fixing rod 24 is rotated towards the direction away from the fixing rod mosaic body 26, the hand-operated sawtooth runner 15 is rotated to drive the sawtooth chain 18 to move so as to realize that the top plate 9 slides leftwards or rightwards, so that the cylindrical rod 21 realizes the uniform lodging of the simulated vegetation at a certain angle, the angle measuring needle 19 also deflects at a certain angle along with the sliding of the top plate 9 and keeps parallel with the cylindrical rod, then the runner fixing rod 24 is embedded in the fixing rod mosaic body 26 so as to fix the sawtooth runner 15, and the angle is read by the angle measuring instrument 20 for observation and recording;
repeating the above operations, changing the lodging angle or lodging direction of the simulated vegetation of the cylindrical rod, observing and recording.
Example 2
28 sawteeth are arranged on the sawtooth disc 28, and the distance between every two adjacent sawteeth is matched with the width of the rotating wheel fixing rod 24. (in actual production, the more densely the saw teeth are without changing the size of the saw-toothed disc 28, the finer the adjustment that can be achieved can be to properly adjust the width of the wheel-fixing bar 24 to fit the pitch, or to properly adjust its length).
The angle meter 20 is fixed at the bottom of the right side of the front side wall of the experimental water tank 8 and below the right side edge of the top plate 9, one end of the telescopic angle measuring needle 19 is fixed at the center of the angle meter 20 through a rotatable fixing buckle 27, and the other end of the telescopic angle measuring needle is fixed at the right edge of the side wall of the top plate through a rotatable fixing buckle 27 (the drawing is omitted). The values on the goniometer 20 may be adjusted as required or customary. The rest was the same as in example 1.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, the embodiments do not include only one independent technical solution, and such description is only for clarity, and those skilled in the art should take the description as a whole, and the technical solutions in the embodiments may be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.
Claims (10)
1. An experimental device for simulating the influence of vegetation lodging degree on the water flow characteristics of an open channel is characterized by comprising a water tank, a water inlet device, a slope adjusting device, an experimental water tank, a vegetation lodging angle adjusting device and a support frame;
the water inlet device comprises a lift pump, a flow control valve, a still water tank and a honeycomb-shaped flat water plate, the lift pump is installed on one side of the bottom in the water tank, the lift pump is connected with the purified water tank through an L-shaped water delivery pipe, one side wall of the purified water tank is of a structure with an open upper end and a closed lower end, the opening of the purified water tank is communicated with the experimental water tank, the middle of the purified water tank is separated by the honeycomb-shaped flat water plate, and the purified water tank is fixedly connected with the experimental water tank;
vegetation angle of lodging adjusting device installs in an lateral wall of experiment basin, transfer the top of slope device horizontal in water tank one side, the support frame is installed in water tank top opposite side, water purification case, experiment basin are installed in the top position of water tank through transferring slope device and support frame.
2. The experimental device for simulating the influence of the vegetation lodging degree on the water flow characteristics of the open channel according to claim 1, wherein the water tank, the still water tank and the experimental water tank are of a rectangular structure, the left and right side walls of the experimental water tank are of an open structure, the front and back widths of the side walls of the water tank and the experimental water tank are equal, and the size of the honeycomb-shaped flat water plate is matched with the size of the left and right side walls of the experimental water tank.
3. The experimental facility for simulating the influence of vegetation lodging on the water flow characteristics of the open channel as claimed in claim 2, wherein the front and rear widths of the water tank are larger than the widths of the clean water tank and the experimental flume, and the left and right lengths of the water tank are larger than the lengths of the clean water tank and the experimental flume.
4. The experimental device for simulating the influence of vegetation lodging degree on the water flow characteristics of the open channel according to claim 2, characterized in that a supporting column with adjustable height is arranged in the center of the slope adjusting device, the supporting column is fixedly connected with the bottom plate of the experimental water tank, and the point of the supporting column connected with the bottom plate is positioned on the central line of the front and the back of the bottom.
5. The experimental device for simulating the influence of vegetation lodging degree on the water flow characteristics of the open channel according to claim 2, wherein the L-shaped water conveying pipe is a telescopic water conveying pipe, the top end of the vertical part of the L-shaped water conveying pipe is connected with the water inlet at the bottom of the water purifying tank and is in sealing connection with the water inlet, and the tail end of the horizontal part of the L-shaped water conveying pipe is connected with the lift pump; and a flow control valve is arranged on the upper side of the vertical part of the L-shaped water delivery pipe.
6. The experimental device for simulating the influence of vegetation lodging degree on the water flow characteristics of the open channel according to claim 2, wherein a slidable top plate is arranged at the top of the experimental water tank, circular through holes are uniformly distributed in the upper end surface of the top plate, top plate embedding grooves are formed in two sides of the top plate, water tank embedding grooves are formed in the top ends of the front side wall and the rear side wall of the experimental water tank, and the top plate embedding grooves are matched with the water tank embedding grooves for use to realize connection.
7. The experimental device for simulating the influence of vegetation lodging degree on the water flow characteristics of the open channel according to claim 6, wherein a rectangular rubber cushion is laid at the bottom of the experimental water tank, the rubber cushion is positioned at the middle section of the bottom of the experimental water tank, and four corners of the rubber cushion are fixed on two sides of the experimental water tank through fixing nails; the length of the left end and the right end of the top plate is smaller than that of the experimental water tank, and the length of the left end and the right end of the rubber cushion layer is equal to that of the top plate.
8. The experimental device for simulating the influence of vegetation lodging on the water flow characteristics of the open channel as claimed in claim 7, wherein a cylindrical rod can be inserted into the circular through hole, the bottom of the cylindrical rod is in a needle point shape, and the cylindrical rod penetrates through the circular through hole and is inserted into a rubber cushion layer at the bottom of the experimental water tank.
9. The experimental device for simulating the influence of the vegetation lodging degree on the water flow characteristics of the open channel according to claim 6, wherein the vegetation lodging angle adjusting device is mounted on the front side wall of the experimental flume and comprises a hand-operated sawtooth runner, a sawtooth chain, a runner fixing component, an angle gauge, a telescopic angle gauge needle and a rotatable fixing buckle;
the sawtooth rotating wheel comprises a sawtooth disc, a hand crank and a rotating wheel fixing shaft, and is arranged in the middle of the front side wall of the experimental water tank and right below the top plate through the rotating wheel fixing shaft;
the runner fixing part is arranged in the middle of the front side wall of the experimental water tank and right below the sawtooth runner and comprises a runner fixing rod, a fixing rod connecting shaft and a fixing rod embedding body, the fixing rod embedding body is provided with a groove matched with the runner fixing rod, the bottom of the groove is provided with the fixing rod connecting shaft, the runner fixing rod can rotate around the fixing rod connecting shaft in the direction close to the fixing rod embedding body and/or in the direction away from the fixing rod embedding body, the runner fixing rod is longer than the fixing rod embedding body, and the runner fixing rod is just clamped in the middle of two sawteeth of the sawtooth runner when embedded in the fixing rod embedding body;
the sawtooth chain is arranged on the edge of the lower end face of the top plate and is connected with and buckled with the sawtooth rotating wheel;
the angle meter is fixed at the bottom of one side of the front side wall of the experimental water tank and under the edge of the top plate, one end of the telescopic angle measuring needle is fixed at the circle center of the angle meter through a rotatable fixing buckle, and the other end of the telescopic angle measuring needle is fixed at the edge of the side wall of the top plate through a rotatable fixing buckle.
10. The experimental method for simulating the influence of vegetation lodging degree on the characteristics of open channel water flow according to any one of claims 1 to 9, is characterized by comprising the following specific experimental steps:
the cylindrical rod vertically penetrates through the circular through hole to be inserted into the rubber cushion layer, the top plate is positioned right above the rubber cushion layer, the angle measuring needle is vertical to the bottom edge of the experimental water tank and is parallel to the cylindrical rod, and the water purifying tank and the experimental water tank are horizontally positioned above the water tank;
the water in the water tank is conveyed into the static water tank by the water lifting pump through the flow control valve, the water overflowing from the static water tank enters the experimental water tank through the honeycomb flat plate and finally flows into the water tank again, the water circulation of the whole device is realized, and the flow control valve of the water lifting pump is controlled to control the water flow;
the height of the supporting column of the slope adjusting device is adjusted to enable the water purifying tank and the experimental water tank to present different slopes;
the rotating wheel fixing rod is rotated towards the direction back from the fixing rod embedding body, the hand-operated sawtooth rotating wheel is rotated to drive the sawtooth chain to move so as to realize that the top plate slides leftwards or rightwards, the cylindrical rod realizes the uniform lodging that the simulated vegetation presents a certain angle, the angle measuring needle also deflects to a certain angle along with the sliding of the top plate and keeps parallel with the cylindrical rod, then the rotating wheel fixing rod is embedded in the fixing rod embedding body so as to fix the sawtooth rotating wheel, and the angle is read by the angle measuring device to carry out observation and recording;
repeating the above operations, changing the angle or direction of the column bar for simulating vegetation lodging, observing and recording.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116183839A (en) * | 2023-04-27 | 2023-05-30 | 华南师范大学 | Slope runoff simulation device |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116183839A (en) * | 2023-04-27 | 2023-05-30 | 华南师范大学 | Slope runoff simulation device |
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