CN115324546B - SAGD steam preheating achievement prediction method, simulation experiment device and simulation method thereof - Google Patents
SAGD steam preheating achievement prediction method, simulation experiment device and simulation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115324546B CN115324546B CN202211036367.XA CN202211036367A CN115324546B CN 115324546 B CN115324546 B CN 115324546B CN 202211036367 A CN202211036367 A CN 202211036367A CN 115324546 B CN115324546 B CN 115324546B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
- E21B43/24—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons using heat, e.g. steam injection
- E21B43/2406—Steam assisted gravity drainage [SAGD]
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D21/00—Measuring or testing not otherwise provided for
- G01D21/02—Measuring two or more variables by means not covered by a single other subclass
Abstract
The application discloses a SAGD steam preheating achievement prediction method, a simulation experiment device and a simulation method thereof, wherein the prediction method mainly comprises the steps of carrying out numerical characterization on the inspiration amount and the preheating effect of a micro-segment stratum between SAGD well pairs to be predicted, the experiment device comprises an experiment model for simulating the micro-segment stratum, and an experiment fluid injection system, a steam injection system, a produced fluid collection system and a data monitoring system which are connected with the experiment model, wherein the experiment model is provided with a supporting seat, is vertically and movably supported on the supporting seat, and can keep a corresponding posture after vertically and/or transversely rotating relative to the supporting seat. By carrying out steam cycle infinitesimal physical simulation experiments, the steam absorption and preheating effects of the horizontal well infinitesimal section stratum under different steam injection conditions and different reservoir pore permeation conditions are finely characterized, the application effect of the SAGD technology in thick oil development is effectively improved, and the simulation precision of the SAGD steam cycle preheating process, the reliability of the prediction result and the like are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the technical field of heavy oil reservoir development, and particularly relates to a SAGD steam preheating achievement prediction method, a simulation experiment device and a simulation method thereof.
Background
Thick oil is an important petroleum resource and is widely distributed worldwide. Along with the continuous increase of petroleum demand, the development force of China on thickened oil is gradually increased. Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD) technology has been used in recent years as an effective means of extra, ultra-heavy oil development, and has been used in a wide variety of production practices.
In the process of utilizing SAGD technology to develop thickened oil, steam circulation preheating is needed to be carried out on a stratum between horizontal well pairs, the effect of steam circulation preheating is one of important factors influencing SAGD development effect, the existing simulation experiment technology mainly aims at the steam injection process after steam circulation preheating, an experimental device of the technology comprises an experimental steam injection system, an experimental fluid injection system, an SAGD experiment model, a produced liquid cooling and collecting system and a data processing system, and the change rule of the productivity of the horizontal well under different SAGD steam injection modes is researched through steps of model initialization, SAGD flow simulation, experimental data analysis and the like.
For example, in the patent number of CN113818853a, the name of the experimental device for simulating steam injection of SAGD horizontal well and the application method thereof, the horizontal well model of the technology adopts the parallel double-pipe structure the same as that of the actual injection well, although the complete development flow of SAGD can be effectively simulated, the steam absorption and preheating effect of the horizontal well micro-section stratum in the steam cycle preheating process cannot be accurately simulated, and other similar schemes are not available in the prior art, so that the actual effect simulation prediction accuracy of the SAGD development technology is directly reduced, and the actual application and popularization effect of the technology in thick oil development are greatly restricted.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the application aims to solve the technical problems that: at present, simulation of the SAGD steam cycle preheating process is inaccurate, and therefore the problem that the reliability of a prediction result of preheating effect is relatively low is caused.
In order to solve the technical problems, the application adopts the following technical scheme:
the SAGD steam preheating effect prediction method is characterized by comprising the step of numerically characterizing the inspiration amount and the preheating effect of a micro-segment stratum between SAGD well pairs to be predicted.
By adopting the scheme, the physical simulation experiment of the steam circulation unit is carried out before production practice, so that the steam absorption quantity and the preheating effect of the horizontal well micro-section stratum under different steam injection conditions and different reservoir pore permeation conditions are finely represented, and the application effect of the SAGD technology in thick oil development is effectively improved.
In order to accurately realize the representation of the inspiration and preheating effects of the micro-segment stratum, the application provides a SAGD steam preheating micro-segment simulation experiment device, which is characterized in that: the experimental model comprises an experimental model for simulating a micro-segment stratum, and an experimental fluid injection system, a steam injection system, a produced fluid collection system and a data monitoring system which are connected with the experimental model, wherein the experimental model is provided with a supporting seat, and the experimental model is vertically movably supported on the supporting seat and can keep a corresponding posture after vertical and/or horizontal rotation relative to the supporting seat. By adopting a traditional injection-production simulation system and combining with a supporting frame structure, the vertical support of an experimental model is realized, the inclination angle or the azimuth of a simulated stratum is adjusted, various actual conditions on site are met, and the simulation accuracy and the reliability are improved.
As preferable: the experimental model comprises a model body which is of a hollow tubular structure, flange bases are arranged at two ends of the model body, warm-pressing probes which are uniformly distributed along the length direction of the model body are arranged on the model body, and the warm-pressing probes are used for monitoring temperature and pressure data in the model body in the experimental simulation process in real time. By adopting the scheme, accurate data acquisition is facilitated, and the microminiaturization characterization is realized.
As preferable: the support seat comprises a platform, four upright rods which are vertically arranged and are in rectangular distribution, and an upper support rod and a lower support rod which are horizontally supported on the upright rods and are horizontally arranged, wherein the upper support rod and the lower support rod are vertically parallel and are opposite to each other;
the upper support rod and the lower support rod are respectively provided with an upper mounting rod and a lower mounting rod which are horizontally arranged, the upper mounting rod and the lower mounting rod are respectively and orthogonally arranged relative to the corresponding support rods, and at least one of the upper mounting rod and the lower mounting rod is arranged in a sliding way relative to the corresponding support rod, so that the upper mounting rod and the lower mounting rod can horizontally slide along the corresponding support rod and can be kept at a termination position; the inlet end of the model body is connected with the upper mounting rod through an upper ball hinge structure, and the outlet end of the model body is connected with the lower mounting rod through a lower ball hinge structure.
By adopting the scheme, the inclination angle or the azimuth of the model body can be quickly adjusted, and can be synchronously adjusted, so that the model body is more consistent with the actual situation on site, such as the situation that a production well and a steam injection well are vertically aligned up and down, and the model body is convenient to adjust, simple in structure and convenient to implement.
As preferable: the upper ball hinge structure is rotatably connected with the upper mounting rod, and the lower ball hinge structure is rotatably connected with the lower mounting rod. By adopting the scheme, the device can be used for simulating the situation of larger deviation of the well azimuth, and the application range of the device is effectively improved.
As preferable: the fluid injection system comprises a constant-pressure constant-speed pump, a crude oil container and a stratum water container, wherein the pipelines of the crude oil container and the stratum water container are connected with the constant-pressure constant-speed pump in a parallel manner, and the outlet ends of the crude oil container and the stratum water container are connected with the inlet end of the experimental model;
the steam injection system comprises a steam generator and a distilled water tank, wherein a water inlet of the steam generator is connected with an outlet end of the constant-pressure constant-speed pump, an outlet end of the steam generator is connected with an inlet end of the experimental model, and the distilled water tank is connected with the constant-pressure constant-speed pump.
As preferable: the fluid injection system further comprises a heating assembly, the heating assembly comprises a crude oil heating sleeve and a model heating sleeve which are respectively coated on the crude oil container and the experimental model, a model inlet heat tracing belt is wound on a connecting pipe line of the inlet end of the steam generator and the inlet end of the experimental model, and an emptying pipe line which is arranged in parallel is arranged at the outlet end of the steam generator. By adopting the scheme, the steam heat loss is reduced, the simulation condition is ensured to be basically consistent with the actual condition of the stratum, namely the simulation reliability is further improved, and the fluidity of crude oil or oil-water mixed liquid in the simulation process is improved.
Based on the SAGD steam preheating infinitesimal simulation experiment device, the application also provides a SAGD steam preheating infinitesimal simulation method, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, configuring quartz sand with different proportions, preparing experimental models in a trial mode, connecting the filled experimental models with pipelines of all equipment, and vacuumizing the experimental models;
pumping stratum water into the experimental model, recording saturated water quantity, calculating the porosity of the filled infinitesimal stratum according to the volume of the experimental model, opening an outlet end valve of the experimental model, recording pressure differences at different pumping speeds, and calculating the permeability of the infinitesimal stratum according to Darcy's law;
s2, determining the proportion and the weight of quartz sand under the pore-permeation condition required by an experiment through a test filling model and geological parameters of an SAGD well pair to be predicted, removing the test filling model, formally filling the model according to the test filling step, calculating the porosity and the permeability of a infinitesimal stratum in the experiment model according to the step S1, and then closing all valves;
s3, opening inlet and outlet valves of the crude oil container and inlet and outlet valves of the experimental model, pumping crude oil in the crude oil container into the experimental model, and further displacing water in pores of the experimental model; when crude oil continuously flows out from the outlet end of the model, continuing to saturate the crude oil for 5-10min; then closing valves at the outlet end of the experimental model, and when the model pressure reaches the set pressure, closing all valves, and calculating the oil saturation and the irreducible water saturation in the experimental model according to the volume of the injected crude oil and the volumes of the discharged crude oil and water;
s4, opening a water inlet valve of the steam generator, and pumping distilled water into the steam generator; starting a steam generator, setting steam pressure and temperature according to experimental requirements, and starting heating; the temperature and pressure in the steam generator are adjusted through the emptying valve and the water injection speed; when the temperature and pressure of the steam meet the experimental requirements and the vent valve stabilizes the steam, the steam circulation pressure is adjusted, the vent valve is closed, and simultaneously, the outlet end valve of the steam generator and the outlet end valve of the steam circulation are opened to start the steam circulation;
s5, while steam cycle simulation is carried out, a data monitoring system is opened, the pressure field and temperature field change conditions in an experimental model in the steam cycle process are recorded, and the oil-water emulsion produced in the steam cycle process is collected in time intervals;
s6, demulsification treatment is carried out on the produced liquid to obtain oil production and water production in the steam circulation process, and analysis is carried out by combining the injected steam quantity in the process to obtain the steam absorption quantity of the micro-segment stratum in the steam circulation preheating process;
and S7, processing temperature and pressure data of an experimental model obtained through experiments, and carrying out numerical characterization on the preheating effect of the micro-segment stratum. By adopting the scheme, the single-well steam cycle preheating simulation can be realized, the operation is relatively simple, and the rapid simulation prediction is convenient.
As preferable: in step S3, before pumping the crude oil, the crude oil container, the corresponding oil pipeline and the experimental model are heated to 75-85 ℃. By adopting the scheme, the temperature of the crude oil is close to the temperature of the crude oil in the stratum, and simulation errors caused by the influence of the temperature on the physical properties of the crude oil after the crude oil is pumped in can be avoided.
As preferable: the system comprises two sets of steam injection systems and two sets of produced fluid collection systems, wherein the two sets of steam injection systems are respectively connected with two ends of an experimental model, and the two sets of produced fluid collection systems are respectively connected with two ends of the experimental model. By adopting the scheme, double-well steam cycle preheating simulation can be performed, and the application scene of the device and the method is further enlarged.
The SAGD steam preheating effect prediction method, the simulation experiment device and the simulation method thereof provided by the application are different from the conventional well simulation mode, the physical simulation experiment of the steam circulation unit is carried out before production practice, and the corresponding simulation device and simulation method are provided, so that the steam absorption quantity and the preheating effect of the horizontal well micro-section stratum under different steam injection conditions and different reservoir hole permeation conditions are finely represented, the application effect of the SAGD technology in thick oil development is effectively improved, and the simulation precision and the reliability of the prediction result of the SAGD steam circulation preheating process are improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a simulation experiment flow for single well steam cycle preheating by using the application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a simulation experiment flow for carrying out double-well steam cycle preheating by utilizing the application;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a fixing structure of a model body on a supporting seat;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 3 at A;
FIG. 5 is a front view in the Z-direction of FIG. 3 (where there is an azimuthal deviation of the simulated model body, i.e., the well pairs are not vertically aligned up and down);
FIG. 6 is a front view in the X direction of FIG. 3 (where the simulated model body has a tilt deviation, i.e., is affected by a forward or reverse tilt);
FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a model body;
FIG. 8 is an exploded cross-sectional view of the model body;
FIG. 9 is a graph showing the variation of the instantaneous water yield recorded by the experiment in the specific case;
FIG. 10 is a graph showing the variation of the instantaneous oil production recorded by the experiment in the specific case;
fig. 11 is a graph showing a comparison of temperature distribution at the initial time and the cycle end time in a specific example.
Detailed Description
The present application will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1 to 11, the key point of the application is to provide a SAGD steam preheating effect prediction method, and provide a corresponding simulation experiment device and a matched simulation method based on the prediction method, wherein the SAGD steam preheating effect prediction method is mainly based on the traditional well pair prediction method, and the intake air quantity and the preheating effect characterization of a micro-segment stratum between a SAGD well pair to be predicted are added or independently represented, namely the intake air quantity is represented in a numerical mode, so that the accuracy of the prediction result of the preheating effect is improved, and the reliability of the result is ensured.
The SAGD steam preheating infinitesimal simulation experiment device mainly comprises an experiment model for simulating a infinitesimal section stratum, and an experiment fluid injection system, a steam injection system, a produced fluid collection system and a data monitoring system which are connected with the experiment model, wherein the experiment model is provided with a supporting seat, is vertically and movably supported on the supporting seat, and can keep a corresponding posture after vertically and/or transversely rotating relative to the supporting seat.
As shown in fig. 7 and 8, the experimental model in the application comprises a model body 9 with a hollow tubular structure, two ends of the model body 9 are open and provided with integrally formed flange bases 90, the end caps of the flange bases 90 are embedded with sealing rings 94, the model body 9 is provided with temperature and pressure probes 10 uniformly distributed along the length direction of the model body, the temperature and pressure probes 10 (i.e. temperature and pressure sensors) are used for monitoring temperature and pressure data in the model body 9 in the experimental simulation process in real time, and for the convenience of installation, two rows of 10 temperature and pressure probe interfaces 95 are symmetrically distributed on the model body 9 in the embodiment, so that the temperature and pressure probe interfaces 95 are preset on the model body 9 during manufacturing.
The flange plate covers 91 matched with the flange base 90 are arranged at the two ends of the model body 9, the flange plate covers 91 can be fastened through bolts, butt lengthening can be carried out between the two model bodies 9 through the flange base 90, a boss 92 matched with the inner diameter of the model body 9 is arranged on the inner side of the flange plate cover 91, the boss 92 is of a hollow structure, the structure of the boss 92 can be used for just simulating a shaft of a horizontal well micro-element section, a channel 93 communicated with the inner cavity of the boss 92 is arranged on the flange plate cover 91, the channel 93 is arranged in the thickness direction of the flange plate cover 91, and a pipeline connector is arranged at the outer end of the channel 93 and used for being connected with an external pipeline rapidly. For easy manufacturing and installation and more fitting with the actual situation, in the application, the model body 9 is 1m long, and has an outer diameter of 58mm and an inner diameter of 38mm.
Referring to fig. 4 to 6, the supporting seat of the present application is a frame structure, and mainly includes a platform 25, an adsorption ground pad 255 is disposed at the bottom of the platform 25, as shown in the figure, four vertical rods 250 vertically disposed and rectangular in distribution are disposed on the platform 25, and an upper supporting rod 251 and a lower supporting rod 252 horizontally supported on the vertical rods 250 and horizontally disposed, wherein the upper supporting rod 251 and the lower supporting rod 252 are vertically parallel and are opposite to each other, so as to form a three-dimensional space coordinate system, in this embodiment, two upper supporting rods 251 and two lower supporting rods 252 are respectively opposite to each other.
An upper mounting rod 253 is horizontally arranged between the two upper support rods 251, two ends of the upper mounting rod 253 are respectively supported on the two upper support rods 251, the axes of the upper mounting rod 253 are orthogonally arranged relative to the axes of the upper support rods 251, a lower mounting rod 254 is horizontally arranged between the two lower support rods 252, the mounting mode of the upper mounting rod is similar to that of the upper mounting rod 253, at least one of the upper mounting rod 253 and the lower mounting rod 254 is slidably arranged relative to the corresponding support rod, and the upper mounting rod 253 can horizontally slide along the corresponding support rod and be kept at a termination position, namely, two ends of the upper mounting rod 253 are slidably matched with the corresponding upper support rods 251, and/or two ends of the lower mounting rod 254 are slidably matched with the corresponding lower support rods 252.
In particular, in order to further improve the simulation effect and the convenience of storage and assembly of the support base, a screw-fit fastening manner is adopted between the upright rod 250 and the platform 25, and a sleeve-fit locking screw a is adopted between the two ends of the upper support rod 251 and the lower support rod 252 and the upright rod 250, so that the respective heights of the upper support rod 251 and the lower support rod 252 can be adjusted to adapt to the model bodies 9 with different lengths.
The connection structure between the two ends of the upper mounting rod 253 and the lower mounting rod 254 and the corresponding support rods is similar to the structure between the support rods and the corresponding upright rods 250, namely, the sleeve and the locking screw B are adopted for connection and fixation, so that the sliding can be realized, and the sliding can be fixed at the current position through the locking screw B.
On the basis of this, of course, in order to quickly and accurately mark the inclination angle or the azimuth of the model body 9 in the simulation experiment, one of the upright rods 25 is selected as a reference origin, and the height dimension (Y direction), the transverse dimension (X direction) and the longitudinal dimension (Z direction) of the upright rods 25, the upper support rods 251 and the lower support rods 252, the upper mounting rods 253 and the lower mounting rods 254 are marked on the upright rods 25, so that the inclination angle or the azimuth to be simulated can be quickly determined according to the dimensions of each direction in the experiment.
The inlet end of the model body 9 is connected with the upper mounting rod 253 through an upper ball hinge structure, the outlet end is connected with the lower mounting rod 254 through a lower ball hinge structure, meanwhile, the upper ball hinge structure is connected with the upper mounting rod 253 in a rotatable manner, the lower ball hinge structure is connected with the lower mounting rod 254 in a rotatable manner, in particular, the upper mounting rod 253 and the lower mounting rod 254 are cylindrical, an upper sliding seat 2530 and a lower sliding seat 2540 which are in sliding fit with each other are respectively arranged on the upper mounting rod 253 and the lower mounting rod 254, the upper sliding seat 2530 and the lower sliding seat 2540 are relatively fixed with the corresponding mounting rods through respective locking screws C, the upper ball hinge structure comprises an upper ball seat fixedly connected with the upper sliding seat 2530 and an upper ball head matched with the upper ball seat, the upper ball hinge structure comprises a lower ball seat fixedly connected with the lower ball head 2540 and a lower ball head matched with the lower ball seat, the lower ball head fixedly connected with the lower ball head is arranged on the lower ball head, the upper and lower clamping seat 2541 and the lower clamping body and the model body can be further tightly fastened by the locking screws 2541.
As shown in the figure, the fluid injection system mainly comprises a constant pressure constant speed pump 15, a crude oil container 13 and a stratum water container 14, wherein pipelines of the crude oil container 13 and the stratum water container 14 are connected with the constant pressure constant speed pump 15 in a parallel mode, outlet ends of the crude oil container 13 and the stratum water container 14 are connected with inlet ends of experimental models, an inlet end and an outlet end of the crude oil container 13 are respectively provided with a switch valve A130 and a switch valve B131, and an inlet end and an outlet end of the stratum water container 14 are respectively provided with a switch valve C140 and a switch valve D141.
The steam injection system comprises a steam generator 1 and a distilled water tank 16, wherein the steam generator 1 is provided with a thermometer and a pressure gauge (not shown in the figure), a water inlet of the steam generator 1 is connected with an outlet end of a constant-pressure constant-speed pump 15, a switching valve E24 is arranged between the steam generator and the outlet end of the steam generator, the outlet end of the steam generator 1 is connected with an inlet end of an experimental model, a connecting pipeline of the steam generator is an injection pipe 17, as shown in the figure, outlet ends of a crude oil container 13 and a stratum water container 14 are communicated with the injection pipe 17, a switching valve F18 is arranged on the injection pipe 17, the position of the switching valve F18 is positioned at the upstream of a connecting position of the crude oil container 13 and the stratum water container 14 and the injection pipe 17, and the distilled water tank 16 is connected with the constant-pressure constant-speed pump 15.
The fluid injection system further comprises a heating component, the heating component comprises a crude oil heating jacket 12 and a model heating jacket 7 which are respectively coated on a crude oil container 13 and an experimental model, a model inlet heat tracing belt 4 is wound on an injection pipe 17 connected with an inlet end of the experimental model by a steam generator 1, an outlet end of the steam generator 1 is provided with a vent pipeline 2 which is arranged in parallel, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, a vent valve 20 is arranged on the vent pipeline 2, and the connecting position of the vent pipeline 2 is positioned at the upstream of a switch valve F18.
The produced liquid collecting system mainly comprises a liquid collecting container 6, a back pressure valve 5 and a hand pump 3 with a pressure gauge, wherein the back pressure valve 5 connects a steam circulation outlet pipeline 19, a liquid discharge pipeline 22 and a hand pump pipeline 30 in series, in the application, in order to fully simulate a preheating scene, the connection part of the steam circulation outlet pipeline 19 and an injection pipe 17 and a model body 9 is positioned at the same end, a switch valve G21 is arranged on the steam circulation outlet pipeline 19, the produced pressure of the back pressure valve 5 can be controlled by utilizing the hand pump 3, the outlet end of the model body 9 is connected with a saturated outlet pipeline 23, a saturated outlet pipeline heating sleeve 8 is sleeved on the saturated outlet pipeline 23, the saturated outlet pipeline heating sleeve 8 can play a certain heat preservation role on the saturated outlet pipeline 23, the fluidity of fluid is mainly ensured in the early saturation process, particularly important for thick oil simulation, a switch valve I230 is arranged on the saturated outlet pipeline 23, the tail end of the steam circulation outlet pipeline 19 and the tail end of the liquid discharge pipeline 22 are respectively provided with the produced liquid container 6a and the saturated liquid container 6b, in order to quickly learn data, and the saturated outlet pipeline 23, the saturated outlet pipeline heating sleeve and the switch valve I230 and the saturated liquid container 6b are mainly used for saturating the stratum water in the process.
The data monitoring system mainly comprises a computer 11, and a data monitoring module connected with the computer 11, such as a temperature and pressure probe 10 arranged on the model body 9, and a module for inputting or directly reading data of the liquid collecting container 6.
By combining the SAGD steam preheating infinitesimal simulation experiment device, the application also provides a SAGD steam preheating infinitesimal simulation method which is applicable to steam cycle preheating process simulation of single and double wells, and the method comprises the following specific steps:
firstly, configuring quartz sand with different proportions, preparing experimental models in a trial mode, connecting the filled experimental models with pipelines of all equipment, and vacuumizing the experimental models.
And then pumping stratum water into the experimental model, recording saturated water quantity, calculating the porosity of the filled infinitesimal stratum according to the volume of the experimental model, opening an outlet end valve of the experimental model, recording pressure differences at different pumping speeds, and calculating the permeability of the infinitesimal stratum according to Darcy's law.
And secondly, determining the proportion and the weight of quartz sand under the pore-permeation condition required by the experiment through the test filling model and the geological parameters of the SAGD well pair to be predicted, removing the test filling model, formally filling the model according to the test filling step, calculating the porosity and the permeability of the infinitesimal stratum in the experiment model according to the step S1, ensuring the actual fitting as much as possible, and closing all valves.
Third, opening inlet and outlet valves (a switch valve A130 and a switch valve B131) of the crude oil container 13 and inlet and outlet valves of the experimental model, pumping crude oil in the crude oil container 13 into the experimental model, and further displacing water in pores of the experimental model; when crude oil continuously flows out from the outlet end of the model, continuing to saturate the crude oil for 5-10min; and then closing valves at the outlet end of the experimental model, and when the model pressure reaches the set pressure, closing all the valves, and calculating the oil saturation and the irreducible water saturation in the experimental model according to the volume of the injected crude oil and the volumes of the discharged crude oil and water.
Fourthly, opening a water inlet valve of the steam generator 1, and pumping distilled water into the steam generator 1; starting the steam generator 1, setting the steam pressure and the steam temperature according to experimental requirements, and starting heating; the temperature and pressure in the steam generator 1 are regulated through the vent valve 20 and the water injection speed; when the temperature and pressure of the steam meet the experimental requirements and the vent valve stabilizes the steam, the steam circulation pressure is adjusted, the vent valve 20 is closed, and meanwhile, the valve (the switch valve F18) at the outlet end of the steam generator 1 is opened, so that the steam circulation is started.
And fifthly, when the steam cycle simulation is carried out, a data monitoring system is turned on, the pressure field and the temperature field change condition in the experimental model in the steam cycle process are recorded, the switch valve G21 is turned on in a time period, the oil-water emulsion produced in the steam cycle process is collected through the produced fluid container 6a, and the switch valve I230 is in a closed state.
And sixthly, demulsification treatment is carried out on the produced liquid collected in the second liquid collecting container 6b, so as to obtain the oil yield and the water yield in the steam circulation process, and the analysis is carried out by combining the injected steam quantity in the process, so that the steam absorption quantity of the micro-segment stratum in the steam circulation preheating process can be obtained.
And seventhly, processing temperature and pressure data of the experimental model acquired in the experimental process, and carrying out numerical characterization on the preheating effect of the micro-segment stratum.
In the third step, before pumping the crude oil, the crude oil container 13, the corresponding oil pipeline and the experimental model are heated to 75-85 ℃ so as to be favorable for full saturation and reduction of actual stratum conditions.
It should be noted that, in order to improve the experimental simulation efficiency, when performing the steam cycle preheating process simulation of a single well, the model body 9 is preferably placed horizontally in consideration of the infinitesimal situation, so that the structure of the support base is further optimized in this case, that is, the lower support rod 252 is arc-shaped, or at least partially arc-shaped, with a corresponding central angle greater than or equal to 90 °, so that the lower mounting rod 254 can slide along the lower support rod 252 to be flush with the upper mounting rod 253, that is, to ensure that the model body 9 is in a nearly horizontal posture at this time, and, of course, when this is set, a certain position needs to be staggered between the lower support rod 252 and the upper support rod 251 in the Z direction to ensure that the high end (that is, the end of the arc-shaped section) of the lower support rod 252 is higher than or flush with the upper mounting rod 253.
In another implementation, two sets of steam injection systems and two sets of produced fluid collection systems are adopted, the two sets of steam injection systems are respectively connected with two ends of the experimental model, and the two sets of produced fluid collection systems are respectively connected with two ends of the experimental model, so that the two sets of steam injection systems can be used for a scene of circulating preheating by double well gas injection, and referring to fig. 2, the steps are basically similar to the above embodiment, and the difference is that, in order to simplify the interface structure of the model body 9, after the first step to the fourth step are completed, the saturated outlet pipeline 23, the switch valve I230 and the saturated fluid container 6b are removed, and then the other steam injection system and the produced fluid collection system are connected to the original saturated outlet end of the model body 9.
Then opening the two sets of water inlet valve switch valves E24 of the steam generators 1, and pumping distilled water into the steam generators; starting the steam generator 1, setting the steam pressure and the steam temperature according to experimental requirements, and starting heating; the temperature and pressure in the steam generator are adjusted through the vent valve 20 and the water injection speed; when the temperature and pressure of the steam meet the experimental requirements and the vent valve stabilizes the steam outlet, the hand pump 3 adjusts the steam circulation pressure, closes the vent valve 20, simultaneously opens the outlet end valve (switch valve F18) of the steam generator 1 and the steam circulation outlet end valve (switch valve G21), and starts double-well steam circulation. The subsequent operations are also referred to in the sixth and seventh steps in the above-described embodiments.
In this embodiment, in order to fully simulate the actual situation, the model body 9 is usually in a vertical or inclined state, wherein the inclined state is further divided into two situations of inclination deviation (Z direction) and azimuth deviation (X direction), and the support base of the present application can meet the requirement of use simulation, especially when performing micro-and macro-combined simulation, that is, when the model body 9 is respectively connected with two simulation shafts, the actual situation can be better reflected.
With reference to the SAGD steam preheating effect prediction method, the simulation experiment device and the simulation method shown in fig. 1 to 11, a block in northwest China is taken as a test object, the numerical characterization of the inspiration amount and the preheating effect of the micro-segment stratum between SAGD wells is carried out, and the case is single-well steam circulation preheating.
Basic parameters shown in table (one) and parameters such as permeability, porosity and the like of the filling model are obtained through early collection and early preparation of simulation experiments.
| Parameters (parameters) | Numerical value | Parameters (parameters) | Numerical value |
| Effective thickness of stratum/m | 23.5 | Steam injection speed/mL.min-1 | 15 |
| Formation raw pressure/MPa | 4.32 | Steam injection pressure/MPa | 5 |
| Formation initiation temperature/°c | 22 | Steam dryness/% | 100 |
| Formation permeability/D | 0.793 | Steam temperature/. Degree.C | 280 |
| Formation porosity | 0.278 | Cycle time/min | 60 |
| Model permeability/D | 0.833 | Porosity of the model | 0.306 |
| Model initial pressure/MPa | 4 | Model initial temperature/°c | 25 |
Table (one) basic parameters of experiment
Then, according to the operation steps 5-7, a simulation experiment is carried out, corresponding experimental data are recorded, the experimental results are shown in fig. 9-11, the graph and the data can show that under the experimental conditions, the steam cycle is carried out for 1h, 900mL (cold water equivalent) is accumulated, the accumulated water yield is 792mL, the accumulated oil yield is 9mL, the accumulated steam absorption of the stratum is 99mL (cold water equivalent), the model temperature distribution at the initial time and the cycle ending time of the experiment is shown in fig. 11, the temperature difference between the temperature measuring point 1 and the temperature measuring point 5 is taken along the direction far from the injection pipe 17, the temperature difference between the temperature measuring point 1 close to the steam injection end and the cycle reaches 189.4 ℃, the data is helpful for helping to clearly know the preheating condition of the micro-element stratum between the well pairs, and the method has great guiding significance for the subsequent preheating measure formulation of the SAGD well.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present application, and it should be noted that modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art without departing from the present technical solution shall be considered as falling within the scope of the present application as claimed.
Claims (6)
1. A SAGD steam preheating effect prediction method is characterized in that: the method comprises the steps of carrying out numerical characterization on steam absorption and preheating effects of a micro-segment stratum between SAGD well pairs to be predicted under different steam injection conditions and different reservoir pore permeation conditions, and adopting an SAGD steam preheating micro-segment simulation experiment device, wherein the SAGD steam preheating micro-segment simulation experiment device comprises an experiment model for simulating the micro-segment stratum, an experiment fluid injection system, a steam injection system, a produced fluid collection system and a data monitoring system which are connected with the experiment model, the experiment model is provided with a supporting seat, and the experiment model is vertically and movably supported on the supporting seat and can keep corresponding postures after vertical and/or transverse rotation relative to the supporting seat;
the support seat comprises a platform (25), four vertical rods (250) which are vertically arranged and are in rectangular distribution, and an upper support rod (251) and a lower support rod (252) which are horizontally supported on the vertical rods (250) and are horizontally arranged, wherein the upper support rod (251) and the lower support rod (252) are vertically parallel and are oppositely arranged;
the upper support rod (251) is provided with an upper mounting rod (253) and a lower mounting rod (254) which are horizontally arranged on the upper support rod and the lower support rod (252), the upper mounting rod (253) and the lower mounting rod (254) are respectively and orthogonally arranged relative to the corresponding support rods, and at least one of the upper mounting rod and the lower mounting rod is arranged in a sliding way relative to the corresponding support rod, can horizontally slide along the corresponding support rod and can be kept at a termination position;
the experimental model comprises a model body (9) with a hollow tubular structure, flange bases are arranged at two ends of the model body (9), temperature and pressure probes (10) which are uniformly distributed along the length direction of the model body are arranged on the model body (9), the temperature and pressure probes (10) are used for monitoring temperature and pressure data in the model body (9) in the experimental simulation process in real time, an inlet end of the model body (9) is connected with an upper mounting rod (253) through an upper ball hinge structure, and an outlet end of the model body is connected with a lower mounting rod (254) through a lower ball hinge structure;
the fluid injection system comprises a constant pressure constant speed pump (15), a crude oil container (13) and a stratum water container (14), wherein pipelines of the crude oil container (13) and the stratum water container (14) are connected with the constant pressure constant speed pump (15) in a parallel manner, and outlet ends of the crude oil container (13) and the stratum water container (14) are connected with an inlet end of the experimental model;
the steam injection system comprises a steam generator (1) and a distilled water tank (16), wherein a water inlet of the steam generator (1) is connected with an outlet end of a constant-pressure constant-speed pump (15), an outlet end of the steam generator (1) is connected with an inlet end of an experimental model, and the distilled water tank (16) is connected with the constant-pressure constant-speed pump (15).
2. The SAGD steam preheat outcome prediction method according to claim 1, wherein: the upper ball hinge structure is rotatably connected with the upper mounting rod (253), and the lower ball hinge structure is rotatably connected with the lower mounting rod (254).
3. The SAGD steam preheat outcome prediction method according to claim 1, wherein: the fluid injection system further comprises a heating assembly, the heating assembly comprises a crude oil heating sleeve (12) and a model heating sleeve (7) which are respectively coated on a crude oil container (13) and an experimental model, a model inlet heat tracing belt (4) is wound on a connecting pipe line of an inlet end of the steam generator (1) and an inlet end of the experimental model, and an outlet end of the steam generator (1) is provided with an emptying pipe line (2) which is arranged in parallel.
4. A SAGD steam preheating infinitesimal simulation method, which is characterized by adopting the SAGD steam preheating infinitesimal simulation experiment device in the SAGD steam preheating effect prediction method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, and comprising the following steps:
s1, configuring quartz sand with different proportions, preparing experimental models in a trial mode, connecting the filled experimental models with pipelines of all equipment, and vacuumizing the experimental models;
pumping stratum water into the experimental model, recording saturated water quantity, calculating the porosity of the filled micro-segment stratum according to the volume of the experimental model, opening an outlet end valve of the experimental model, recording pressure differences at different pumping speeds, and calculating the permeability of the micro-segment stratum according to Darcy's law;
s2, determining the proportion and the weight of quartz sand under the pore-permeation condition required by an experiment through a test filling model and geological parameters of the SAGD well pair to be predicted, removing the test filling model, formally filling the model according to the test filling step, calculating the porosity and the permeability of a micro-segment stratum in the experiment model according to the step S1, and then closing all valves;
s3, opening inlet and outlet valves of the crude oil container and inlet and outlet valves of the experimental model, pumping crude oil in the crude oil container (13) into the experimental model, and further displacing water in pores of the experimental model; when crude oil continuously flows out from the outlet end of the model, continuing to saturate the crude oil for 5-10min; then closing valves at the outlet end of the experimental model, and when the model pressure reaches the set pressure, closing all valves, and calculating the oil saturation and the irreducible water saturation in the experimental model according to the volume of the injected crude oil and the volumes of the discharged crude oil and water;
s4, opening a water inlet valve of the steam generator (1) and pumping distilled water into the steam generator (1); starting a steam generator (1), setting steam pressure and temperature according to experimental requirements, and starting heating; the temperature and pressure in the steam generator are adjusted through the emptying valve and the water injection speed; when the temperature and pressure of the steam meet the experimental requirements and the vent valve stabilizes the steam, the steam circulation pressure is regulated, the vent valve is closed, and simultaneously, the outlet end valve of the steam generator (1) and the steam circulation outlet end valve are opened to start steam circulation;
s5, while steam cycle simulation is carried out, a data monitoring system is opened, the pressure field and temperature field change conditions in an experimental model in the steam cycle process are recorded, and the oil-water emulsion produced in the steam cycle process is collected in time intervals;
s6, demulsification treatment is carried out on the produced liquid to obtain oil production and water production in the steam circulation process, and analysis is carried out by combining the injected steam quantity in the process to obtain the steam absorption quantity of the micro-segment stratum in the steam circulation preheating process;
and S7, processing temperature and pressure data of an experimental model obtained through experiments, and carrying out numerical characterization on the preheating effect of the micro-segment stratum.
5. The SAGD steam preheat micro-element simulation method according to claim 4, wherein: in step S3, before pumping the crude oil, the crude oil container (13), the corresponding oil delivery pipeline and the experimental model are heated to 75-85 ℃.
6. The SAGD steam preheat infinitesimal simulation method according to claim 4 or 5, wherein: the system comprises two sets of steam injection systems and two sets of produced fluid collection systems, wherein the two sets of steam injection systems are respectively connected with two ends of an experimental model, and the two sets of produced fluid collection systems are respectively connected with two ends of the experimental model.
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