CN112198093B - Device and method for testing diffusion coefficient of gas in saturated live oil core - Google Patents
Device and method for testing diffusion coefficient of gas in saturated live oil core Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of oil and gas field development engineering, and particularly relates to a device and a method for testing the diffusion coefficient of gas in a saturated live oil core, wherein the device is used for carrying out an axial diffusion experiment of the gas in the saturated live oil core, and a velocity term is introduced to consider the flow caused by the volume expansion of crude oil; on the basis of considering the components of the dissolved gas, a crude oil component simulation concept and a corresponding algorithm are introduced to optimize the model; and fitting the actually measured pressure curve and the calculated theoretical pressure curve through a genetic algorithm to obtain the diffusion coefficient of the gas in the saturated live oil core. The method can perform an axial diffusion experiment of the gas in the saturated live oil core, calculate the diffusion coefficient of the gas in the saturated live oil core, and accord with the situation that an actual oil reservoir contains dissolved gas; the core required by the method is small, the core is provided on the oil field site, the calculated gas diffusion coefficient makes more accurate reference for the mining scheme, the predicted recovery ratio is more accurate, and the mining cost and risk are reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a device and a method for testing diffusion coefficient of gas in a saturated live oil core, belonging to the technical field of oil and gas field development engineering.
Background
In recent years, the worldwide demand for oil and gas has been continuously rising, and low permeability, dense oil, shale oil, and the like have become important parts of oil and gas supply. In tertiary oil recovery technology, gas drive is the most widely applied technology except thermal oil recovery due to low gas cost, difficult stratum destruction and interaction with crude oil, and is particularly suitable for the development of low-permeability and compact oil reservoirs. The most commonly used gases are mainly: CO 2 2 、N 2 Hydrocarbon gases, and the like.
The fluid mobility in the low-permeability and compact oil reservoir is poor, the diffusion process is more important, and the diffusion concentration and the migration distance of gas are core factors for determining the effect of improving the oil recovery efficiency by gas flooding. The supplement of the gas to the formation energy and the interaction of the gas and the crude oil in the gas drive and the improvement of the physical property of the crude oil are key points. In a tight oil reservoir, the main mode of gas migration is molecular diffusion under the action of concentration difference, and the gas migration is influenced by multiple factors of reservoir environment. The diffusion coefficient is one of key parameters in the numerical simulation of the tight oil reservoir, determines the distribution of gas in different positions at different time in the reservoir, and has important significance for improving the physical property of crude oil and increasing the recovery ratio. The oil and gas industry has the characteristics of high investment and high risk, and the establishment of a reasonable exploitation scheme is very important. According to the accurate diffusion coefficient, the diffusion effect of the gas in the reservoir crude oil can be accurately predicted by combining a mathematical model describing the diffusion process, and the diffusion amount and swept area of the gas at different time are calculated, so that a reasonable scheme is formulated for improving the recovery efficiency of gas drive, and the economy in oil reservoir development is reasonably evaluated.
Chinese patents CN106840973B and CN106872594B disclose methods for measuring the axial diffusion coefficient of gas in a saturated oil core, but the diffusion experiment and the calculation of the diffusion coefficient of gas in a saturated oil core cannot be performed, which is not in accordance with the situation that the actual oil reservoir contains solution gas. In Journal of CO 2 Use of Determination of differentiation coeffectives of hypercritical CO at 24 th stage 2018 2 In under light oil reservoir conditions with pressure-decay method, it is desirable to have a core diameter greater than the core diameter when measuring the radial diffusion coefficient of gas in a saturated oil core3.8cm and a height greater than 5 cm. Because the core taking cost from the stratum in the oil field is high, the core taken out is often incomplete, the core taking diameter is mostly less than 2.54cm, the length is 2-8cm, the core with the large size required by radial diffusion is difficult to provide, the used core is manually pressed or subjected to head-exposing core taking, the core is not in accordance with the actual oil deposit condition, the calculated gas diffusion coefficient is also inaccurate, and therefore the diffusion coefficient which is required to be more in accordance with the actual condition of the oil deposit is more accurately referred to the exploitation scheme, so that the development risk and the exploitation cost are reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the limitations of the prior art, the invention provides a high-temperature high-pressure diffusion clamp.
Based on the high-temperature high-pressure diffusion holder, the invention provides a device for testing the diffusion coefficient of gas in a saturated live oil core.
The invention also provides a method for testing the diffusion coefficient of gas in the saturated live oil core by using the device.
The invention aims to provide equipment capable of performing an axial diffusion experiment of gas in a saturated live oil core, and the equipment is used for calculating the diffusion coefficient of the gas in the saturated live oil core, achieving the effect consistent with the situation that an actual oil reservoir contains dissolved gas and providing a basis for a development scheme.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a high-temperature high-pressure diffusion clamp comprises an air chamber, a core chamber and a screw rod;
an air channel is arranged between the air chamber and the core chamber, the screw rod is arranged on one side of the air chamber to control the closing of the air channel, and the screw rod transversely penetrates through the air chamber and can be controlled to rotate from the outside;
the air chamber is provided with a pore canal which is connected with the outside and is a first channel; the core chamber is provided with three channels which are connected with the outside and are respectively a second channel, a third channel and a fourth channel;
the core chamber is internally provided with a rubber sleeve for wrapping a core, the rest part of the core chamber outside the rubber sleeve is a core annular space for adding confining pressure, the rubber sleeve is transversely arranged in a penetrating manner, two ends of the rubber sleeve are fixedly sealed with two end faces of the core chamber, one side of the rubber sleeve, which is positioned on the end face of the air chamber adjacent to the core chamber, is a core inlet side, and the other side of the rubber sleeve is a core outlet side;
the gas channel is opposite to the fourth channel and is positioned at two ends of the core; the second channel and the gas channel are positioned on one side of the core inlet; the third channel is communicated with the core annulus; the fourth channel is positioned on one side of the core outlet.
The first channel is connected with an air injection pipeline, experimental gas is injected into the air chamber, the advance and retreat of the screw can be controlled from the outside to realize the closing of the gas channel, when the screw retreats, the gas channel is opened, and the gas is contacted with the end face of the rock core through the gas channel to realize the diffusion into the rock core; the second channel is connected with a crude oil injection pipeline and is used for saturating the core with oil; the third channel is connected with a rock core confining pressure pipeline; and the fourth channel is connected with a rock core back pressure pipeline.
The core is taken out from a drilling well at an oil deposit position on an oil field site.
The invention has the advantages that: the high-temperature high-pressure diffusion holder can perform an axial diffusion experiment of gas in a saturated live oil core, and the diffusion coefficient of the gas in the saturated live oil core is calculated to be consistent with the condition that an actual oil reservoir contains dissolved gas; and the required core is smaller, the diameter is more than 1.27cm, the length is more than 2cm, the core taken out from the oil deposit part in a drilling way can be provided on the oil field site, the core is consistent with the oil deposit condition, and the calculated gas diffusion coefficient is used as more accurate reference for the mining scheme.
According to the invention, the PY-I type piston high-pressure sample distributor is preferably used as the live oil sample distributor.
A device for testing the diffusion coefficient of gas in a saturated live oil core comprises a high-temperature high-pressure diffusion holder, an oil supply device, an air supply device, a confining pressure control device, a back pressure control device, a pressure acquisition system, a vacuum pump and a constant temperature control box;
the gas supply device comprises a gas storage tank, a booster pump, a gas cylinder and a pressure regulating valve, wherein the gas cylinder is connected with the gas storage tank through the booster pump, and the gas storage tank is connected with a first channel of the gas chamber of the diffusion holder through the pressure regulating valve;
the oil supply device comprises a piston container, a live oil sample distributor and a high-precision plunger pump; the piston container is communicated with the core chamber through a second channel, and the live oil sample distributor and the high-precision plunger pump are respectively connected with the piston container; the movable oil incubator provides movable oil, the piston container is used for storing an oil sample and pumping the oil sample into the core, and the high-precision plunger pump provides power for the oil sample in the piston container to enter the core;
the confining pressure control device comprises a first hand pump and a first pressure gauge, the first hand pump is connected with a third channel of the high-temperature high-pressure diffusion holder, and the first pressure gauge is arranged between the first hand pump and the high-temperature high-pressure diffusion holder;
the back pressure control device comprises a back pressure valve, a buffer container, a second pressure gauge and a second manual pump; the second hand-operated pump is connected with the buffer container, the buffer container is connected with a fourth channel at one end of the core chamber through a back pressure valve, and a second pressure gauge is arranged between the buffer container and the back pressure valve;
the collecting system comprises a pressure collecting box, a computer and a pressure sensor, wherein the collecting box is respectively connected with the first channel, the second channel and the fourth channel of the high-temperature high-pressure diffusion holder and is respectively provided with the pressure sensor, and the pressure sensor is used for respectively collecting pressure values of gas at a rock core inlet, an oil channel and a rock core outlet;
the computer is connected with the pressure acquisition box and is used for recording the monitored pressure;
the high-temperature high-pressure diffusion clamp core chamber fourth channel is simultaneously connected with a vacuum pump;
the piston container, the high-temperature high-pressure diffusion clamp and the gas storage tank are arranged in the constant temperature control box.
The pressure regulating valve is used for regulating the pressure of the air chamber to an experimental pressure;
the high-precision plunger pump is used for saturating fluid for the rock core; the booster pump is used for boosting gas; the gas cylinder provides gas to be tested in the experiment.
A method for testing the diffusion coefficient of gas in a saturated live oil core by using the device comprises the following steps: diffusion experiment methods and methods of testing diffusion coefficients;
wherein, the diffusion experiment method comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing live oil: adding degassed and dehydrated crude oil and dissolved gas into the live oil sample proportioning device according to the set dissolved gas-oil ratio, and filling the mixture into a piston container after the preparation is finished; sampling and measuring the bubble point pressure of the experimental diffused gas in the prepared oil sample by adopting a pump withdrawal method;
(2) oil sample component analysis: sampling and analyzing crude oil components by using gas chromatography;
(3) and (3) checking air tightness: cleaning and drying the pipeline of the device and then detecting the air tightness of the device;
(4) treating a rock core: washing oil from the rock core and drying;
(5) setting the temperature of a constant temperature control box to the temperature required by an experiment, filling experimental gas into a gas chamber in a high-temperature high-pressure diffusion holder, adjusting the pressure of a gas inlet in a pressure acquisition box to the experimental pressure through a pressure regulating valve, standing and ensuring that the pressure of the gas chamber and the pressure of an oil sample reach a balanced state;
(6) core confining pressure adding: using a first hand pump to add confining pressure to the core annulus, wherein the value of the confining pressure is more than 2MPa higher than the pressure of an air chamber;
(7) vacuumizing a rock core to saturate oil: vacuumizing the rock core by a vacuum pump until the vacuum degree is less than 100 Pa; adjusting the back pressure of the rock core to be more than 2MPa higher than the bubble point pressure of the oil sample by using a second hand-operated pump; injecting an oil sample into the rock core in the high-temperature high-pressure diffusion clamp holder; the core saturated crude oil is more than 2PV (2 times of pore volume), and the core is kept still to ensure that the pores of the core are completely saturated with oil;
(8) and (3) gas diffusion process: setting the back pressure of the rock core to be more than 2MPa of the pressure of the air chamber, retreating the screw rod of the high-temperature and high-pressure diffusion holder, and enabling the air in the air chamber of the high-temperature and high-pressure diffusion holder to be in contact with the end face of the rock core and begin to diffuse into the saturated oil rock core under the concentration gradient; recording the pressure change of the air chamber in the high-temperature high-pressure diffusion clamp holder through a pressure acquisition box; recording for 1 time every unit time, wherein the recording pressure unit is kilopascal (kPa), keeping 1 bit after decimal point, preferably recording for 1 time every 10 seconds;
according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the method for testing diffusion coefficient comprises:
1) coupling a gas diffusion concentration field and a crude oil expansion flow field to obtain a control equation in a core infinitesimal body, substituting the Fick diffusion equation (2) into the control equation and neglecting high-order small quantity, namely obtaining a differential equation (1) describing the axial diffusion of gas in the saturated oil core by sorting:
c in formula (1) is the concentration of the diffusing substance in mol/m 3 (ii) a t is diffusion time, s; u is the flow velocity generated by the volume expansion of the crude oil, m/s; d is the diffusion coefficient of the diffusing substance, m 2 S; x is the distance from one point in the core to the left side surface of the core, and m is the distance from one point in the core to the left side surface of the core; the Fick diffusion law is a basic law for describing molecular diffusion, and the diffusion mass transfer process driven by concentration difference can be described through the Fick diffusion law; the basic form of Fick's diffusion law is shown in equation (2):
the boundary conditions and initial conditions are as shown in equation (3):
in the formula (3), c 0 Is the initial concentration of gas in the gas chamber, mol/m 3 ；x 0 Is the core length, m;
assigning initial values of diffusion coefficients, calculating a gas concentration field and a flow velocity field of crude oil at each time step, and accumulating to obtain the amount of gas diffused into a rock core and the amount of crude oil expanded into a gas chamber;
2) the amount of the dissolved gas expanded to the gas chamber is calculated according to the dissolved gas-oil ratio required in the live oil sample proportioning device;
n in the formula (4) g The amount of dissolved gas species, mol, in the expanded crude oil; n is 0 Preparing the amount, mol, of dissolved gas substances; v 1 Volume of expanded crude oil, m 3 ；V 2 Is the pore volume, m 3 ；
3) According to Li et al Journal of CO 2 Use of Determination of differentiation coeffectives of hypercritical CO at 24 th stage 2018 2 Dividing crude oil pseudo components by the method of under light oil reservoir conditions with pressure-method page 434-435 in the original light oil reservoir conditions;
4) the theoretical pressure is calculated by using a PR state equation which is as follows:
p in the formulas (5a) and (5b) is system pressure Pa; r is a general gas constant, J/mol/K; t is the system temperature, K; v is the molar volume, m 3 /mol；T c Critical temperature, K; p is a radical of c Critical pressure, Pa; a and b are variables defined in a PR state equation; alpha (T) r ω) is an alpha equation relating to the relative temperature T r And eccentricity factor ω, as shown in equation (6):
integrating relevant parameters of the gas-crude oil system by utilizing Van der Waals mixing rules, wherein the relevant parameters are shown as a formula (7):
in the formula (7) < delta > ij Is the binary action coefficient between the two components i and j; x is the number of i ，x j Is the mole fraction and percentage of the component i, j in the substance system; a is i ，b i Parameters corresponding to the component i, j defined in the PR equation of state; nc is the number of the components of the substance system and an integer;
because the crude oil contains dissolved gas, the material system components comprise diffused gas, dissolved gas and crude oil pseudo-components;
the binary action coefficient is calculated by using a Chueh-Praussnitz method, and the model is shown as a formula (8):
v in formula (8) ci Is the critical molar volume of component i, V cj Is the critical molar volume of component j, m 3 /mol；m 1 ，m 2 Is a constant; calculating the binary action coefficients among experimental gas, dissolved gas and crude oil pseudo-components;
to this end, coefficients a, b in the PR state equation in equations (5a), (5b) are determined; the molar volume V at each time step is determined by adding the amount of crude oil expanded into a gas chamber in the rock core, the amount of dissolved gas contained in the crude oil expanded into the gas chamber and the amount of gas which is not diffused into the rock core; r is a universal gas constant; t is the experimental temperature; determining a theoretical pressure at each time step;
5) fitting a diffusion coefficient; calculating a gas concentration field and a flow velocity field of the crude oil at each time step under different diffusion coefficients by using a genetic algorithm; further calculating a theoretical pressure drop curve; fitting an experimental pressure curve and calculating a theoretical pressure curve; until the error between the calculated theoretical curve and the actually measured curve is minimum, the diffusion coefficient value at the moment is the diffusion coefficient of the experimental gas in the saturated live oil core under the experimental condition;
in the formula, PN is the number of experimental data participating in fitting; p is a radical of Ei kPa for experimental pressure data; p is a radical of Ci To calculate theoretical pressure data, kPa; error is the difference between the experimental pressure and the calculated theoretical pressure data.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a device for testing the diffusion coefficient of gas in a saturated live oil core. The required core is small, the core taken out from the oil reservoir part in a drilling mode can be provided on the oil field site, the core is matched with the oil reservoir condition, the calculated gas diffusion coefficient makes more accurate reference for the oil reservoir exploitation scheme, the predicted recovery ratio is more accurate, and the exploitation cost and risk are reduced.
The invention also provides a method for testing the diffusion coefficient of the gas in the saturated live oil core. On the basis of considering the components of the dissolved gas, the mathematical model has more components of the dissolved gas when calculating the multi-component binary action coefficient than the mathematical model of the diffusion of the gas in the saturated dead oil core, so that the measured diffusion coefficient is closer to the actual condition, and a basis is provided for developing a scheme.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a high-temperature high-pressure diffusion holder according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a device for testing the diffusion coefficient of gas in a saturated live oil core according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing an example of CO testing 2 Fitting a curve graph of the pressure drop of the axial diffusion coefficient in the saturated live oil core;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing an example of testing CO 2 Fitting a curve graph of the pressure drop of the axial diffusion coefficient in the saturated dead oil core;
in the figure: the device comprises an air chamber 1, a rock core chamber 2, a screw rod 3, a gas channel 4, a first channel 5, a second channel 6, a third channel 7, a fourth channel 8, a rock core annulus 9, a rubber sleeve 10, a rock core 11, a high-temperature high-pressure diffusion holder 12, an air storage tank 13, a booster pump 14, an air cylinder 15, a pressure regulating valve 16, a piston container 17, a live oil sample distributor 18, a high-precision plunger pump 19, a first hand-operated pump 20, a first pressure gauge 21, a back-pressure valve 22, a second pressure gauge 23, a buffer container 24, a second hand-operated pump 25, a vacuum pump 26, a pressure collecting box 27, a computer 28 and a constant-temperature control box 29.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to examples and figures of the specification, but is not limited thereto.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, a high-temperature high-pressure diffusion clamp comprises an air chamber 1, a core chamber 2 and a screw rod 3;
an air channel 4 is arranged between the air chamber 1 and the core chamber 2, the screw rod 3 is arranged on one side of the air chamber 1 to control the closing of the air channel 4, and the screw rod 3 transversely penetrates through the air chamber 1 and can control the rotation of the screw rod 3 from the outside; (ii) a
The air chamber 1 is provided with a pore canal which is connected with the outside and is a first channel 5; the core chamber 2 is provided with three channels which are connected with the outside, namely a second channel 6, a third channel 7 and a fourth channel 8;
the core chamber 2 is internally provided with a rubber sleeve 10 for wrapping a core 11, the rest part of the core chamber 2 outside the rubber sleeve 10 is a core annular space 9 for adding confining pressure, the rubber sleeve 10 is transversely arranged in a penetrating manner, two ends of the rubber sleeve 10 are fixedly sealed with two end faces of the core chamber 2, one side of the rubber sleeve 10, which is positioned on the end face of the air chamber 1 adjacent to the core chamber 2, is a core inlet side, and the other side is a core outlet side; (ii) a
The gas channel 4 is opposite to the fourth channel 8 and is positioned at two ends of the core 11; the second channel 6 and the gas channel 4 are positioned on one side of the core inlet; the third channel 7 is communicated with the core annulus 9; the fourth channel 8 is positioned on one side of the core outlet.
The core 11 is a core which is taken out from a drilling well at an oil deposit position in an oil field.
Example 2
Referring to fig. 2, the device for testing the diffusion coefficient of gas in a saturated live oil core is characterized by comprising a high-temperature high-pressure diffusion holder 12, an oil supply device, an air supply device, a confining pressure control device, a back pressure control device, a pressure acquisition system, a vacuum pump 26 and a constant temperature control box 29;
the gas supply device comprises a gas storage tank 13, a booster pump 14, a gas cylinder 15 and a pressure regulating valve 16, wherein the gas cylinder 15 is connected with the gas storage tank 13 through the booster pump 14, the gas storage tank 13 is connected with the first channel 5 of the gas chamber 1 of the high-temperature high-pressure diffusion holder 12 through the pressure regulating valve 16, and the gas supply device is used for providing gas required by experiments;
the oil supply device comprises a piston container 17, a live oil sample distributor 18 and a high-precision plunger pump 19; the piston container 17 is communicated with the core chamber 2 through a second channel 6, the live oil sample distributor 18 and the high-precision plunger pump 19 are respectively connected with the piston container 17, the live oil incubator 18 provides a live oil sample, the piston container 17 is used for storing the oil sample and pumping the oil sample into the core 11, and the high-precision plunger pump 19 provides power for the oil sample in the piston container 17 to enter the core;
the confining pressure control device comprises a first hand pump 20 and a first pressure gauge 21, the first hand pump 20 is connected with the third channel 7 of the high-temperature high-pressure diffusion holder 12, and the first pressure gauge 21 is arranged between the first hand pump 20 and the high-temperature high-pressure diffusion holder 12;
the back pressure control device comprises a back pressure valve 22, a buffer container 24, a second pressure gauge 23 and a second hand pump 25; the second hand-operated pump 25 is connected with a buffer container 24, the buffer container 24 is connected with the fourth channel 8 at one end of the core chamber 2 through a back pressure valve 22, and a second pressure gauge 23 is arranged between the buffer container 24 and the back pressure valve 22;
the pressure acquisition system comprises a pressure acquisition box 27, a computer 28 and pressure sensors, wherein the acquisition box is respectively connected with the first channel 5, the second channel 6 and the fourth channel 8 of the diffusion holder air chamber, and is respectively provided with the pressure sensors which are used for respectively acquiring the pressure values of gas at a rock core inlet, an oil pipeline and a rock core outlet;
the fourth channel 8 of the core chamber 2 of the high-temperature high-pressure diffusion clamp 12 is simultaneously connected with a vacuum pump 26;
the piston container 17, the high-temperature high-pressure diffusion clamper 12 and the gas storage tank 13 are arranged in a constant temperature control box 29.
Example 3
A method for testing diffusion coefficient of gas in saturated live oil core, wherein CO is selected as experimental diffusion gas 2 The dissolved gas is selected from methane (CH) 4 ) The method comprises the following steps: diffusion test methods and methods of measuring diffusion coefficients;
wherein the diffusion test method comprises:
1) preparing live oil: according to the set 10sm 3 /m 3 The dissolved gas-oil ratio of (1) adding the degassed and dehydrated crude oil and methane into the live oil sample proportioning device 18, and after the proportioning is finished, filling the mixture into a piston container 17; sampling and measuring CO by pump withdrawal method 2 The bubble point pressure in the prepared oil sample is 5.4 MPa;
2) oil sample component analysis: sampling and analyzing crude oil components by using gas chromatography;
3) and (3) checking air tightness: cleaning and drying the pipeline of the device and then detecting the air tightness of the device;
4) treatment of the core 11: washing and drying the core 11, wherein the core 11 is an oil reservoir coring sample of a certain low-permeability block of the victory oil field;
5) setting a constant temperature control box 29 to 80 ℃, and introducing CO 2 Charging into the gas chamber 1 in the high-temperature high-pressure diffusion holder 12, regulating the gas inlet pressure in the pressure collection box 27 to 8.2MPa by the pressure regulating valve 16, standing and ensuring CO in the gas chamber 2 The pressure and the oil sample pressure reach an equilibrium state;
6) core 11 confining pressure: using a first hand pump 20 to pressurize the core annulus 9 to 10.3 MPa;
7) core 11 vacuumized saturated oil: vacuumizing the rock core 11 by a vacuum pump 26 until the vacuum degree is less than 100Pa, and injecting an oil sample into the rock core in the high-temperature high-pressure diffusion holder 12; adjusting the back pressure of the rock core to 7.5MPa by using a second hand-operated pump 25; the rock core 11 is saturated with crude oil more than 2PV (2 times of pore volume), and is kept stand to ensure that the pores of the rock core 11 are completely saturated with oil;
8)CO 2 and (3) diffusion process: the back pressure of the rock core 11 is set to be 10.3MPa, and thenWithdrawing the screw 3 of the high-temperature high-pressure diffusion holder 12, and diffusing CO in the gas chamber 1 in the holder 12 at high temperature and high pressure 2 The end face of the core 11 is contacted with the core, and the end face begins to diffuse into the saturated oil core under the concentration gradient; recording the pressure change of the air chamber 1 in the high-temperature high-pressure diffusion holder 12 through a pressure collection box 27; recording pressure unit as kilopascal (kPa), keeping 1 bit after decimal point, recording for 1 time every unit time, preferably recording for 1 time every 10 seconds;
9) the experimental pressure is 8.2MPa, the temperature is 80 ℃, and the dissolved gas-oil ratio is 10sm 3 /m 3 Recording pressure drop data of the air chamber 1 of the high-temperature high-pressure diffusion holder 12; the test results are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 pressure drop data for diffusion experiments in saturated live oil cores
The method for testing the diffusion coefficient comprises the following steps:
1) coupling the gas diffusion concentration field and the crude oil expansion flow field to obtain a control equation in the 11 micro-elements of the rock core, substituting the Fick diffusion equation (2) into the control equation, neglecting high-order small quantity, and finishing to obtain the description CO 2 Differential equation (1) for axial diffusion in saturated oil cores:
c in formula (1) is the concentration of the diffusing substance in mol/m 3 (ii) a t is diffusion time, s; u is the flow velocity generated by the volume expansion of the crude oil, m/s; d is the diffusion coefficient of the diffusing substance, m 2 S; x is the distance m from one point in the core 11 to the left side surface of the core 11; the Fick diffusion law is a basic law for describing molecular diffusion, and the diffusion mass transfer process driven by concentration difference can be described through the Fick diffusion law; the basic form of Fick's diffusion law is shown in equation (2):
the boundary conditions and initial conditions are as shown in equation (3):
in the formula (3), c 0 Is the initial gas concentration of the gas cell 1, mol/m 3 ；x 0 Core 11 length, m;
assigning an initial value of the diffusion coefficient, calculating a gas concentration field and a flow velocity field of crude oil at each time step, and accumulating to obtain the amount of gas diffused into the rock core 11 and the amount of crude oil expanded into the gas chamber 1;
2) the amount of the dissolved gas expanded to the gas chamber 1 is calculated according to the dissolved gas-oil ratio required in the live oil sample proportioning device;
n in the formula (4) g As the amount of dissolved gas species, mol, in the expanded crude oil; n is 0 Preparing the amount, mol, of dissolved gas substances; v 1 Volume of expanded crude oil, m 3 ；V 2 Is the pore volume, m 3 ；
3) According to Li et al Journal of CO 2 Use of Determination of differentiation coeffectives of hypercritical CO at 24 th stage 2018 2 Dividing crude oil pseudo components by the method of under light oil reservoir conditions with pressure-method page 434-435 in the original light oil reservoir conditions;
the compositional parameters calculation results are shown in table 2:
TABLE 2 crude oil compositional physical Properties parameters
4) Calculating theoretical pressure by using a PR state equation; the PR equation of state is:
p in the formulas (5a) and (5b) is system pressure Pa; r is a general gas constant, J/mol/K; t is the system temperature, K; v is the molar volume, m 3 /mol；T c Critical temperature, K; p is a radical of c Critical pressure, Pa; a and b are variables defined in a PR state equation; alpha (T) r ω) is an alpha equation relating to the relative temperature T r And eccentricity factor ω, as shown in equation (6);
integrating relevant parameters of the gas-crude oil system by utilizing Van der Waals mixing rules, wherein the relevant parameters are shown as a formula (7):
in the formula (7) < delta > ij Is the binary action coefficient between the two components i and j; x is the number of i ，x j Is the mole fraction and percentage of the component i, j in the substance system; a is i ，b i Parameters corresponding to the component i, j defined in the PR equation of state; nc is the number of the components of the substance system and an integer;
the crude oil contains dissolved gas, so the material system components comprise CO 2 Dissolved gas and crude oil pseudo-components;
the binary action coefficient is calculated by using a Chueh-Praussnitz method, and the model is shown as a formula (8):
v in formula (8) ci Is the critical molar volume of component i, V cj Is the critical molar volume of component j, m 3 /mol；m 1 ，m 2 Is a constant; calculating CO 2 The binary coefficient of action between the solution gas and the crude oil pseudo-components; the calculation results are shown in table 3:
TABLE 3 table of two-component coefficient of action with solution gas component
5) The experimental pressure is 8.2MPa, the temperature is 80 ℃, and the dissolved gas-oil ratio is 10sm 3 /m 3 Fitting the theoretical pressure drop and actual pressure drop curve to obtain CO 2 The diffusion coefficient in the saturated live oil core is 2.02 multiplied by 10 -8 m 2 /s。
Comparative example
Compared with the embodiment 3, under the condition that other conditions are not changed, only the saturated oil sample is dead oil, namely the dehydrated and degassed crude oil, and the step of live oil preparation is omitted;
when the saturated oil sample is dehydrated and degassed crude oil, the back pressure of the rock core 11 is set to be 2.0 MPa;
recording pressure drop data of the air chamber 1 of the high-temperature high-pressure diffusion holder at the experimental pressure of 8.2MPa and the temperature of 80 ℃; the test results are shown in table 4:
TABLE 4 pressure drop data for diffusion experiments in saturated dead oil cores
CO 2 In the diffusion experiments in saturated dead oil cores, the binary coefficient of action between the components of the material system is shown in table 5:
TABLE 5 binary coefficient of action table without solution gas component
Fitting a theoretical pressure drop curve and an actual pressure drop curve at the experimental pressure of 8.2MPa and the temperature of 80 ℃ to obtain CO 2 Diffusion coefficient in saturated dead oil core was 2.28X 10 -8 m 2 /s。
Example 3 and comparative experimental results show that CO is targeted by the process of the present invention 2 Diffusion processes in saturated live oil cores, after considering dissolved gas components in crude oil, compare CO 2 Finding the difference between the diffusion coefficients of the saturated live oil core and the dead oil core cannot be ignored, and more accurate CO is required 2 The diffusion coefficient when the oil reservoir contains dissolved gas makes more accurate reference for numerical simulation of the oil reservoir, formulation of a development scheme and the like, and economic loss during oil reservoir development is avoided.
Having described various embodiments of the present invention, the foregoing description is intended to be exemplary, not exhaustive, and not limited to the disclosed embodiments. It will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that certain modifications or variations may be made without departing from the scope and principles of the various embodiments described.
Claims (4)
1. A high-temperature high-pressure diffusion clamp holder is characterized by comprising an air chamber, a core chamber and a screw rod;
an air channel is arranged between the air chamber and the core chamber, and the screw is arranged on one side of the air chamber to control the closing of the air channel;
the air chamber is provided with a pore canal which is connected with the outside and is a first channel; the core chamber is provided with three channels which are connected with the outside and are respectively a second channel, a third channel and a fourth channel;
the core chamber is internally provided with a rubber sleeve for wrapping a core, and the rest part of the core chamber outside the rubber sleeve is a core annular space for adding confining pressure;
the gas channel is opposite to the fourth channel, and the gas channel and the fourth channel are respectively positioned at two ends of the core; the second channel and the gas channel are positioned on one side of the core inlet; the fourth channel is positioned on one side of the core outlet.
2. A device for testing the axial diffusion coefficient of gas in a saturated live oil core is characterized by comprising the high-temperature high-pressure diffusion holder as claimed in claim 1, and further comprising an oil supply device, an air supply device, a confining pressure control device, a back pressure control device, a pressure acquisition system, a vacuum pump and a constant temperature control box;
the gas supply device comprises a gas storage tank, a booster pump, a gas cylinder and a pressure regulating valve, the gas cylinder is connected with the gas storage tank through the booster pump, and the gas storage tank is connected with a first channel of a gas chamber of the diffusion holder through the pressure regulating valve;
the oil supply device comprises a piston container, a live oil sample distributor and a high-precision plunger pump; the piston container is communicated with the core chamber through a second channel, and the live oil sample distributor and the high-precision plunger pump are respectively connected with the piston container;
the confining pressure control device comprises a first hand pump and a first pressure gauge, the first hand pump is connected with a third channel of the diffusion clamp holder, and the first pressure gauge is arranged between the first hand pump and the diffusion clamp holder;
the back pressure control device comprises a back pressure valve, a buffer container, a second pressure gauge and a second manual pump; the second hand-operated pump is connected with the buffer container, the buffer container is connected with a fourth channel at one end of the core chamber through a back-pressure valve, and a second pressure gauge is arranged between the buffer container and the back-pressure valve;
the collecting system comprises a pressure collecting box, a computer and a pressure sensor, wherein the collecting box is respectively connected with the diffusion holder air chamber, the first channel and the fourth channel and is respectively provided with the pressure sensor, and the pressure sensors are used for respectively collecting pressure values of gas at a rock core inlet, an oil channel and a rock core outlet;
the computer is connected with the pressure acquisition box and is used for recording the monitored pressure;
the high-temperature high-pressure diffusion holder core chamber fourth channel is simultaneously connected with a vacuum pump;
the piston container, the high-temperature high-pressure diffusion clamp and the gas storage tank are arranged in the constant temperature control box.
3. The device for testing the axial diffusion coefficient of the gas in the saturated live oil core as claimed in claim 2, wherein the live oil sample distributor is a PY-I type piston high-pressure sample distributor.
4. A method for testing the axial diffusion coefficient of a gas in a saturated live oil core, which applies the device for testing the axial diffusion coefficient of the gas in the saturated live oil core according to any one of claims 2 or 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: diffusion test methods and methods of measuring diffusion coefficients;
wherein the diffusion test method comprises:
1) preparing live oil: adding degassed and dehydrated crude oil and dissolved gas into the live oil sample proportioning device according to the set dissolved gas-oil ratio, and filling the mixture into a piston container after the preparation is finished; sampling and measuring the saturation point pressure of the experimental diffused gas in the prepared oil sample by adopting a pump withdrawal method;
2) oil sample component analysis: sampling and analyzing crude oil components by using gas chromatography;
3) and (3) checking air tightness: cleaning and drying the pipeline of the device and then detecting the air tightness of the device;
4) treating a core: washing oil from the rock core and drying;
5) setting the temperature of a constant temperature control box to the temperature required by an experiment, filling experimental gas into a gas chamber in a high-temperature high-pressure diffusion holder, adjusting the pressure of a gas inlet in a pressure acquisition box to the experimental pressure through a pressure regulating valve, standing and ensuring that the pressure of the gas chamber and the pressure of an oil sample reach a balanced state;
6) core confining pressure adding: using a first hand pump to add confining pressure to the core annulus, wherein the value of the confining pressure is more than 2MPa higher than the pressure of an air chamber;
7) vacuumizing a rock core to saturate oil: vacuumizing the rock core by a vacuum pump until the vacuum degree is less than 100Pa, and adjusting the back pressure of the rock core to be more than 2MPa greater than the bubble point pressure of the oil sample by using a second hand-operated pump; injecting an oil sample into the rock core in the high-temperature high-pressure diffusion clamp holder; standing the core saturated crude oil above 2PV and ensuring that the pores of the core are completely saturated with oil;
8) and (3) gas diffusion process: setting the back pressure of the rock core to be more than 2MPa of the pressure of the air chamber, retreating the screw rod of the high-temperature and high-pressure diffusion holder, and enabling the air in the air chamber in the high-temperature and high-pressure diffusion holder to be in contact with the end face of the rock core and begin to diffuse into the saturated oil rock core under the concentration gradient; recording the pressure change of the air chamber in the high-temperature high-pressure diffusion clamp holder through a pressure collection box; recording for 1 time every unit time;
the method for testing the diffusion coefficient comprises the following steps:
1) coupling a gas diffusion concentration field and a crude oil expansion flow field to obtain a control equation in a core infinitesimal body, substituting the Fick diffusion equation (2) into the control equation and neglecting high-order small quantity, namely obtaining a differential equation (1) describing the axial diffusion of gas in the saturated oil core by sorting:
c in formula (1) is the concentration of the diffusing substance in mol/m 3 (ii) a t is diffusion time, s; u is the flow velocity generated by the volume expansion of the crude oil, m/s; d is the diffusion coefficient of the diffusing substance, m 2 S; x is the distance from one point in the core to the left side surface of the core, and m is the distance from one point in the core to the left side surface of the core; the Fick diffusion law is a basic law for describing molecular diffusion, and the diffusion mass transfer process driven based on concentration difference is described through the law; the basic form of Fick's diffusion law is shown in equation (2):
the boundary condition and the initial condition are shown in formula (3):
in the formula (3), c 0 Is the initial concentration of gas in the gas cell, mol/m 3 ；x 0 Is the core length, m;
assigning initial values of diffusion coefficients, calculating a gas concentration field and a flow velocity field of crude oil at each time step, and accumulating to obtain the amount of gas diffused into a rock core and the amount of crude oil expanded into a gas chamber;
2) the amount of the dissolved gas expanded to the gas chamber is calculated according to the dissolved gas-oil ratio required in the live oil sample proportioning device;
n in the formula (4) g The amount of dissolved gas species, mol, in the expanded crude oil; n is 0 Preparing the amount, mol, of dissolved gas substances; v 1 Volume of expanded crude oil, m 3 ；V 2 Is the pore volume, m 3 ；
3) According to Li et al Journal of CO 2 Use of Determination of differentiation coeffectives of hypercritical CO at 24 th stage 2018 2 Dividing crude oil pseudo-components by the method of page 434-435 in under light oil reservoir conditions with pressure-decay method;
4) the theoretical pressure is calculated by using a PR state equation which is as follows:
p in the formulas (5a) and (5b) is system pressure Pa; r is a general gas constant, J/mol/K; t is the system temperature, K; v is the molar volume, m 3 /mol；T c Critical temperature, K; p c Critical pressure, Pa; a and b are variables defined in a PR state equation; alpha (T) r ω) is an alpha equation relating to the relative temperature T r And eccentricity factor ω, as shown in equation (6);
integrating relevant parameters of the gas-crude oil system by utilizing Van der Waals mixing rules, wherein the relevant parameters are shown as a formula (7):
in the formula (7) < delta > ij Is the binary action coefficient between the two components i and j; x is the number of i ，x j Is the mole fraction and percentage of the component i, j in the substance system; a is i ，b i Parameters corresponding to the component i, j defined in the PR equation of state; nc is the number of the components of the substance system and an integer;
because the crude oil contains dissolved gas, the material system components comprise diffused gas, dissolved gas and crude oil pseudo-components;
calculating the binary action coefficient by using a Chueh-Prausninz method, wherein the formula (8) is as follows:
v in formula (8) ci Is the critical molar volume of component i, V cj Is the critical molar volume of component j, m 3 /mol；m 1 ，m 2 Is a constant; calculating the binary action coefficients among experimental gas, dissolved gas and crude oil pseudo-components;
to this end, coefficients a, b in the PR state equation in equations (5a), (5b) are determined; the molar volume V at each time step is determined by adding the amount of crude oil expanded into a gas chamber in the rock core, the amount of dissolved gas contained in the crude oil expanded into the gas chamber and the amount of gas which is not diffused into the rock core; r is a general gas constant; t is the experimental temperature; determining a theoretical pressure at each time step;
5) fitting a diffusion coefficient; calculating a gas concentration field and a flow velocity field of the crude oil at each time step under different diffusion coefficients by using a genetic algorithm; further calculating a theoretical pressure drop curve; fitting an experimental pressure curve and calculating a theoretical pressure curve; until the error between the calculated theoretical curve and the actually measured curve is minimum, the diffusion coefficient value at the moment is the diffusion coefficient of the experimental gas in the saturated live oil core under the experimental condition;
in the formula, PN is the number of experimental data participating in fitting; p is a radical of Ei kPa for experimental pressure data; p is a radical of Ci To calculate theoretical pressure data, kPa; error is the difference between the experimental pressure and the calculated theoretical pressure data.
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| CN117309691A (en) * | 2023-10-12 | 2023-12-29 | 重庆科技学院 | Oil shale containing CO based on strain test 2 Diffusion coefficient testing device |
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