CN115321712A - Breeding wastewater treatment method and breeding waste utilization method - Google Patents
Breeding wastewater treatment method and breeding waste utilization method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for treating aquaculture wastewater and a method for utilizing aquaculture waste, wherein the method for treating aquaculture wastewater comprises the steps of treating aquaculture wastewater by using a tubular dynamic membrane; the method for utilizing the cultivation waste comprises the steps of backwashing and fermenting the recycled tubular dynamic membrane. The method has the advantages that the tubular dynamic membrane is used for treating the aquaculture wastewater, so that nitrite, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, COD and ammonia nitrogen in the aquaculture wastewater can be effectively removed, and the removal rates are respectively as high as 69.35%, 65.23%, 93%, 84.6% and 40.7%; the tubular dynamic membrane enriched with organic matters is recovered, and then fermented and filtered to obtain nitrogen-rich fermentation product and diatomite, wherein the nitrogen-rich fermentation product can be used for preparing nitrogen-rich fermentation waste or nitrogen-rich fermentation feed, and the diatomite can be used for preparing the dynamic membrane again, so that the sewage treatment cost and the breeding cost are greatly reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of wastewater treatment, in particular to a cultivation wastewater treatment method and a cultivation waste utilization method.
Background
China is the largest aquaculture country in the world. Aquaculture plays a great role in guaranteeing national food safety, stabilizing aquatic product supply and the like. However, due to the problem of water environment pollution generated by aquaculture, particularly the use of a large amount of baits, excrements and medicines in the aquaculture process, a large amount of aquaculture wastewater is discharged every year, and in view of the defects of the ecological structure of the aquaculture itself and the traditional aquaculture mode, the self-purification capacity of the water body is greatly reduced, the aquaculture wastewater contains a large amount of COD (chemical oxygen demand), total nitrogen and total phosphorus, and how to adopt a scientific and reasonable treatment technology to effectively treat the aquaculture wastewater and purify aquaculture tail water has a very important positive significance for the green, environment-friendly and sustainable development of the aquaculture industry.
Compared with the traditional culture wastewater treatment method, the method adopts the cheap large-aperture filter cloth material to replace a microfiltration membrane (or ultrafiltration membrane) of the membrane bioreactor to manufacture the membrane component, and utilizes the microorganisms and metabolites thereof to form a dynamic membrane on the surface of the membrane material to form the biological dynamic membrane, so that the method can greatly reduce the manufacturing cost of the membrane component while keeping the process advantages of the membrane bioreactor, and has the advantages of good effluent quality, large flux, easy pollution control, easy cleaning and the like.
Nevertheless, because the characteristics of the membrane and the influence of different operation conditions in the movement process on the treatment effect of the aquaculture water, how to effectively aim at the characteristics of the aquaculture water, the improvement of the pollutant purification rate of the aquaculture wastewater, the reduction of the operation cost of the membrane and the optimization of the operation conditions of the membrane play an important role in promoting the healthy development of the aquaculture industry.
In addition, after the cultivation wastewater is treated, the dynamic membrane cannot be effectively used, so that organic matters (nitrogen, phosphorus, carbon and the like) in the cultivation wastewater cannot be recycled, and resource waste is caused
At present, an effective solution is not provided aiming at the problems of low purification rate of pollutants in the aquaculture wastewater, high membrane operation cost, incapability of recycling organic matters in the aquaculture wastewater and the like in the related technology.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a culture wastewater treatment method and a culture waste utilization method aiming at the defects in the prior art, and aims to solve the problems that the purification rate of pollutants in culture wastewater is low, the membrane operation cost is high, organic matters in the culture wastewater cannot be recycled and the like in the related technologies.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
in a first aspect, the invention provides a method for treating aquaculture wastewater, comprising the following steps:
weighing diatomite with a preset dosage to pre-coat the tubular supporting structure, and forming a dynamic membrane with a preset thickness on the surface of the tubular supporting structure to obtain a tubular dynamic membrane;
adjusting the pH of the aquaculture wastewater to a preset pH value and adjusting the temperature of the aquaculture wastewater to a preset temperature;
putting the pre-coated tubular dynamic membrane into the culture wastewater;
adjusting the flow rate of the aquaculture wastewater to enable the tubular dynamic membrane to filter the aquaculture wastewater;
recovering the tubular dynamic membrane after the treatment time of the aquaculture wastewater reaches a preset treatment time;
wherein the preset dosage of the diatomite is 10-35 g/L, the preset thickness of the dynamic membrane is 1.2-3.5 mm, the preset pH of the aquaculture wastewater is 3-9, the preset temperature of the aquaculture wastewater is 10-35 ℃, and the preset treatment time of the aquaculture wastewater is 1-2 h;
wherein, the removal rate of nitrite in the aquaculture wastewater is at least 23.98%, the removal rate of total nitrogen is at least 40.71%, the removal rate of total phosphorus is at least 78.58%, the removal rate of COD is at least 64.23%, and the removal rate of ammonia nitrogen is at least 6.45%.
In some of these embodiments, the aquaculture wastewater is finless eel aquaculture wastewater.
In some embodiments, pre-coating the tubular support structure with a predetermined amount of diatomite to form a dynamic membrane with a predetermined thickness on the surface of the tubular support structure, so as to obtain the tubular dynamic membrane, includes:
precoating the tubular supporting structure in a gravity precoating mode so that a dynamic membrane with a preset thickness is formed on the outer surface of the tubular supporting structure by using a preset amount of diatomite to obtain the tubular dynamic membrane;
finishing the pre-coating under the condition that the effluent turbidity of the tubular dynamic membrane is lower than the preset turbidity;
wherein the water head difference is 0.8-1.2 m, the pre-coating time is 12-20 min, and the preset turbidity is 1.0NTU.
In some of these embodiments, the tubular support structure is a 200-300 mesh sintered polyethylene filter tube.
In some of these embodiments, adjusting the flow rate of the aquaculture wastewater comprises:
adjusting the rotating speed of the pump to a preset rotating speed so as to adjust the flow rate of the aquaculture wastewater;
wherein the preset rotating speed is 10-25 r/min.
In some of these embodiments, the method includes the steps of:
weighing 25/L of diatomite to pre-coat the tubular supporting structure, and forming a dynamic membrane with the thickness of 1.2-3.5 mm on the surface of the tubular supporting structure to obtain a tubular dynamic membrane;
adjusting the pH value of the breeding wastewater to 7 and adjusting the temperature of the breeding wastewater to 25 ℃;
putting the pre-coated tubular dynamic membrane into the culture wastewater;
adjusting the rotating speed of the pump to 20r/min to adjust the flow rate of the aquaculture wastewater, so that the tubular dynamic membrane filters the aquaculture wastewater;
after the treatment time of the aquaculture wastewater reaches 1h, recovering the tubular dynamic membrane;
wherein, the removal rate of nitrite in the aquaculture wastewater is at least 26.54%, the removal rate of total nitrogen is at least 58.2%, the removal rate of total phosphorus is at least 90.95%, the removal rate of COD is at least 84.6%, and the removal rate of ammonia nitrogen is at least 12.31%.
In a second aspect, the invention provides a method for utilizing cultivation waste, comprising the following steps:
backwashing the recycled tubular dynamic membrane of the first aspect to separate the dynamic membrane from the tubular support structure, wherein the dynamic membrane is enriched in nitrogen, phosphorus, and carbon;
crushing the dynamic membrane into particles to obtain a fermentation substrate;
uniformly mixing the fermentation substrate, the zymophyte and water according to a preset proportion to obtain a fermentation liquid;
after the pH value of the fermentation liquor is adjusted to a preset pH value, putting the fermentation liquor into a fermentation container;
adjusting the fermentation temperature to a preset fermentation temperature, and fermenting the fermentation liquor;
obtaining a nitrogen-rich fermentation material after the fermentation time reaches a preset fermentation time;
filtering the nitrogen-rich fermentation material to respectively obtain a nitrogen-rich fermentation product and diatomite;
wherein the zymocyte comprises azotobacter and phosphate-dissolving bacteria, and the preset proportion is 24-72%: 10-20%: 16-63 percent, the preset pH value is 6-8, the preset temperature is 20-50 ℃, and the preset fermentation time is 8-16 days.
In some of these embodiments, backwashing the tubular dynamic membrane comprises:
performing air backwashing on the tubular dynamic membrane;
wherein the back washing time is 1-10 min, and the gas flow rate is 0.05-1.2 m 3 /m 2 ·h。
In some of these embodiments, backwashing the tubular dynamic membrane comprises:
performing water backwashing on the tubular dynamic membrane;
wherein the back washing time is 1-10 min, and the water flow rate is 0.25-0.75 m 3 /m 2 ·h。
In some of these embodiments, backwashing the tubular dynamic membrane comprises:
sequentially performing air backwashing and water backwashing on the tubular dynamic membrane;
wherein the air back-flushing time is 1-5 min, and the gas flow rate is 0.05-1.2 m 3 /m 2 H, the water back-flushing time is 5 to 10min, and the water flow rate is 0.25 to 0.75m 3 /m 2 ·h。
In some of these embodiments, comminuting the dynamic membrane into particulate form comprises:
crushing the dynamic membrane to obtain particles;
and sieving the particles with a 50-200 mesh sieve to obtain a 50-200 mesh fermentation substrate.
In some of these embodiments, fermenting the fermentation broth comprises:
and turning the fermentation liquor once every 4-12 h, performing primary fermentation for 3-7 days, and performing secondary fermentation for 5-9 days.
In some of these embodiments, filtering the nitrogen-rich fermentation material to obtain the nitrogen-rich fermentate and the diatomaceous earth separately comprises:
and (3) filtering the nitrogen-rich fermentation product by a filter screen of 10-50 meshes to obtain the nitrogen-rich fermentation product and diatomite.
In some of these embodiments, the method further comprises the steps of:
drying or granulating the nitrogen-rich fermentation product to obtain a nitrogen-rich fermentation fertilizer or a nitrogen-rich fermentation feed;
precoating the tubular support structure with the diatomaceous earth again to obtain a tubular dynamic membrane.
In some of these embodiments, the method includes the steps of:
performing air backwash and/or water backwash on the recycled tubular dynamic membrane to separate the dynamic membrane from the tubular support structure, wherein the dynamic membrane is enriched in nitrogen, phosphorus and carbon;
crushing the dynamic membrane and sieving the dynamic membrane by a sieve with 50 to 200 meshes to obtain a fermentation substrate;
mixing the fermentation substrate, azotobacter and phosphate solubilizing bacteria with water by 45-65%: 12-18%: mixing 23-27% to obtain fermentation liquor;
after the pH value of the fermentation liquor is adjusted to 7, putting the fermentation liquor into a fermentation container;
adjusting the fermentation temperature to 25 ℃, fermenting the fermentation liquor, and turning and throwing the fermentation liquor once every 6-8 hours;
obtaining nitrogen-rich fermentation materials after the primary fermentation is carried out for 4 to 6 days and the secondary fermentation is carried out for 6 to 8 days;
and (3) filtering the nitrogen-rich fermentation material by a filter screen of 10-50 meshes to respectively obtain a nitrogen-rich fermentation product and diatomite.
By adopting the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
according to the method for treating the aquaculture wastewater and the method for utilizing the aquaculture waste, the tubular dynamic membrane is used for treating the aquaculture wastewater, so that nitrite, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, COD and ammonia nitrogen in the aquaculture wastewater can be effectively removed, and the removal rates are respectively as high as 69.35%, 65.23%, 93%, 84.6% and 40.7%; the tubular dynamic membrane enriched with organic matters is recovered, and then fermented and filtered to obtain nitrogen-rich fermentation product and diatomite, wherein the nitrogen-rich fermentation product can be used for preparing nitrogen-rich fermentation waste or nitrogen-rich fermentation feed, and the diatomite can be used for preparing the dynamic membrane again, so that the sewage treatment cost and the breeding cost are greatly reduced.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent, the present application is described and illustrated below with reference to the embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application. All other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments provided in the present application without any inventive step are within the scope of protection of the present application.
It is obvious that the following description is only some examples or embodiments of the present application, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present application can be applied to other similar scenarios according to these contents without inventive effort. Moreover, it should be appreciated that in the development of any such actual implementation, as in any engineering or design project, numerous implementation-specific decisions must be made to achieve the developers' specific goals, such as compliance with system-related and business-related constraints, which may vary from one implementation to another.
Reference in the specification to "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment can be included in at least one embodiment of the specification. The appearances of the phrase in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments. Those of ordinary skill in the art will explicitly and implicitly appreciate that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments without conflict.
Unless otherwise defined, technical or scientific terms referred to herein should have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The use of the terms "a" and "an" and "the" and similar referents in the context of describing the invention (including a single reference) are to be construed in a non-limiting sense as indicating either the singular or the plural. The present application is directed to the use of the terms "including," "comprising," "having," and any variations thereof, which are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions; for example, a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements (elements) is not limited to only those steps or elements but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Reference to "connected," "coupled," and the like in this application is not intended to be limited to physical or mechanical connections, but rather can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. Reference to "a plurality"/"a plurality" in this application means two or more. "and/or" describes the association relationship of the associated object, indicating that there may be three relationships, for example, "a and/or B" may indicate: a exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone. The character "/" generally indicates that the former and latter associated objects are in an "or" relationship. Reference herein to the terms "first," "second," "third," and the like, are merely to distinguish similar objects and do not denote a particular ordering for the objects.
Example 1
The embodiment relates to a culture wastewater treatment method.
In one illustrative embodiment of the present invention, a method for treating aquaculture wastewater comprises the steps of:
s101, weighing diatomite with a preset dosage to pre-coat the tubular supporting structure, and forming a dynamic membrane with a preset thickness on the surface of the tubular supporting structure to obtain a tubular dynamic membrane;
s102, adjusting the pH value of the aquaculture wastewater to a preset pH value and adjusting the temperature of the aquaculture wastewater to a preset temperature;
step S103, putting the precoated tubular dynamic membrane into the aquaculture wastewater;
s104, adjusting the flow rate of the aquaculture wastewater to enable the tubular dynamic membrane to filter the aquaculture wastewater;
s105, recovering the tubular dynamic membrane after the treatment time of the aquaculture wastewater reaches a preset treatment time;
wherein the preset dosage of the diatomite is 10-35 g/L, the preset thickness of the dynamic membrane is 1.2-3.5 mm, the preset pH of the aquaculture wastewater is 3-9, the preset temperature of the aquaculture wastewater is 10-35 ℃, and the preset treatment time of the aquaculture wastewater is 1-2 h;
wherein, the removal rate of nitrite in the aquaculture wastewater is at least 23.98%, the removal rate of total nitrogen is at least 40.71%, the removal rate of total phosphorus is at least 78.58%, the removal rate of COD is at least 64.23%, and the removal rate of ammonia nitrogen is at least 6.45%.
In the invention, the breeding wastewater is the finless eel breeding wastewater, the total nitrogen concentration is 6-20 mg/L, the total phosphorus concentration is 3-18 mg/L, the COD concentration is 40-60 mg/L, the ammonia nitrogen concentration is 0.2-0.3 mg/L, and the nitrite concentration is 3-5 mg/L.
In step S101, the tubular support structure is a sintered polyethylene filter tube of 200 to 300 mesh. Compared with the traditional reticular supporting structure, the sintered polyethylene filter tube has a better supporting structure, and the formed dynamic membrane is not easy to crack and fall off. In addition, the sintered polyethylene pipe can bear higher filtering pressure, is non-toxic and free from peculiar smell, and has good corrosion resistance to acid-base solvents.
In step S101, pre-coating the tubular supporting structure with a predetermined amount of diatomite to form a dynamic membrane with a predetermined thickness on the surface of the tubular supporting structure, so as to obtain a tubular dynamic membrane, including:
precoating the tubular supporting structure by adopting a gravity precoating mode so that a dynamic membrane with a preset thickness is formed on the outer surface of the tubular supporting structure by using a preset amount of diatomite to obtain a tubular dynamic membrane;
finishing precoating under the condition that the turbidity of the effluent of the tubular dynamic membrane is lower than the preset turbidity;
wherein the water head difference is 0.8-1.2 m, the pre-coating time is 12-20 min, and the preset turbidity is 1.0NTU.
Preferably, the head difference is 0.8m, 1m, 1.2m.
Preferably, the pre-coating time is 12min, 15min, 16min, 18min, 20min.
Preferably, the preset dosage of the diatomite is 10g/L, 15g/L, 25g/L and 35g/L. More preferably, the predetermined amount of diatomaceous earth is 25g/L.
Preferably, the predetermined thickness of the dynamic film is 1.2mm, 1.5mm, 2.1mm, 2.4mm, 3.5mm.
In some of these embodiments, the diatomaceous earth is pre-coated onto the surface of the tubular support structure using a peristaltic pump. Wherein the rotating speed of the peristaltic pump is 50-150 r/m.
Preferably, the peristaltic pump has a rotational speed of 50r/m, 75r/m, 80r/m, 90r/m, 100r/m, 120r/m, 150r/m.
In some of these embodiments, the diatomaceous earth is also agitated with a stirring/shaking device for its uniform pre-coating onto the surface of the tubular support structure. Wherein the rotating speed of the stirring device is 30-50 r/m, and the oscillation frequency of the oscillation device is 20000-50000 Hz.
Preferably, the stirring device includes, but is not limited to, a propeller stirrer, a turbine stirrer, a magnetic stirrer, and the like.
Preferably, the rotational speed of the stirring device is 30r/m, 35r/m, 40r/m, 45r/m, 50r/m.
Preferably, the oscillation device includes, but is not limited to, an ultrasonic oscillation device.
Preferably, the oscillation frequency of the oscillation device is 20000Hz, 25000Hz, 30000Hz, 40000Hz, 50000Hz.
In step S102, the manner of adjusting the pH of the aquaculture wastewater includes adding a pH adjusting agent to the aquaculture wastewater. Wherein, the pH regulator includes but is not limited to sodium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, complex alkali, sulfuric acid and phosphate buffer solution.
Preferably, the preset pH is 3, 5, 7, 9. More preferably, the preset pH is 6.5 to 7.5. Most preferably, the preset pH is 7.
Preferably, the predetermined temperature is 10 deg.C, 15 deg.C, 25 deg.C, 35 deg.C. More preferably, the preset temperature is 25 ℃.
In step S104, adjusting the flow rate of the aquaculture wastewater comprises:
adjusting the rotating speed of the pump to a preset rotating speed so as to adjust the flow rate of the aquaculture wastewater;
wherein the preset rotating speed is 10-25 r/min.
Preferably, the preset rotating speed is 10r/min, 15r/min, 20r/min and 25r/min. More preferably, the preset rotation speed is 20r/m.
In some of these embodiments, a peristaltic pump is used to regulate the flow rate of the aquaculture wastewater.
In step S105, the method further includes:
detecting the transmembrane pressure difference of the tubular dynamic membrane according to a preset detection frequency;
wherein the preset detection frequency is 0.5-5 min.
Preferably, the preset detection frequency is 0.5-2 min. More preferably, the preset detection frequency is 0.5min to 1.5min. Most preferably, the predetermined detection frequency is 1min.
The method has the advantages that the tubular dynamic membrane is used for treating the aquaculture wastewater, so that nitrite, total phosphorus, COD and ammonia nitrogen in the aquaculture wastewater can be effectively removed, and the removal rates are respectively as high as 69.35%, 93%, 84.6% and 40.7%; the pollution of the dynamic membrane is reduced, the treatment cost of the culture wastewater is reduced, and the method has very important practical significance for promoting the application of the diatomite dynamic membrane in the culture wastewater treatment.
Example 2
This example is a specific implementation of the aquaculture wastewater treatment method of example 1, and is used to optimize the preset temperature of aquaculture wastewater.
In the embodiment, the breeding wastewater is finless eel breeding wastewater, the total nitrogen concentration is 6-20 mg/L, the total phosphorus concentration is 3-18 mg/L, the COD concentration is 40-60 mg/L, the ammonia nitrogen concentration is 0.2-0.3 mg/L, and the nitrite concentration is 3-5 mg/L.
A method for treating aquaculture wastewater comprises the following steps:
precoating the tubular supporting structure by adopting a gravity precoating mode so as to form a dynamic membrane with the thickness of 1.2-3.5 mm on the outer surface of the tubular supporting structure by 25g/L of diatomite to obtain the tubular dynamic membrane, wherein the water head difference is 1m, and the precoating time is 15min;
adjusting the pH value of the finless eel culture wastewater to 7 and adjusting the temperature of the finless eel culture wastewater to 10 ℃, 15 ℃, 25 ℃ and 35 ℃;
placing the precoated tubular dynamic membrane into the culture wastewater;
adjusting the rotating speed of the pump to 20r/min to adjust the flow rate of the aquaculture wastewater, so that the tubular dynamic membrane filters the aquaculture wastewater;
automatically detecting transmembrane pressure difference of the dynamic membrane every minute;
and after the treatment time of the aquaculture wastewater reaches 1h, recovering the tubular dynamic membrane.
And (3) carrying out pollutant detection on the treated aquaculture wastewater, wherein the detection results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 influence of different preset temperatures on the removal rate of pollutants in aquaculture wastewater
| Removal Rate (%) | 10℃ | 15℃ | 25℃ | 35℃ |
| Nitrite salt | 23.98 | 69.36 | 69.35 | 24.74 |
| Total nitrogen | 51.46 | 62.12 | 60.77 | 53.21 |
| Total phosphorus | 78.58 | 93.05 | 92.32 | 88.21 |
| COD | 81.54 | 84.62 | 87.17 | 89.74 |
| Ammonia nitrogen | 33.41 | 32.12 | 40.7 | 34.78 |
As shown in Table 1, after the dynamic membrane treatment is carried out for 1h at the preset temperature of 25 ℃, the membrane flux is basically unchanged, the flux at the end of filtration is about 99% of the initial flux, and the dynamic membrane flux is seriously reduced due to overhigh or overlow water temperature. According to the removal situation of the pollutants, the removal rate of the total nitrogen can reach 60.77% at the preset temperature of 25 ℃, and is improved by about 9.31% compared with that at the preset temperature of 10 ℃; the removal rate of the total phosphorus can reach 92.32 percent, which is improved by about 4.11 percent compared with the removal rate when the preset temperature is 35 ℃; the removal rate of COD is 87.17 percent, which is 5.63 percent higher than that of the COD at the preset temperature of 15 ℃; the removal rate of ammonia nitrogen is 40.7 percent, which is 5.92 percent higher than that when the preset temperature is 35 ℃; the removal rate of nitrite is 69.35%, which is basically equal to the preset temperature of 15 ℃.
The preset temperature is preferably 25 ℃ in combination with the change of the membrane flux and the condition of the organic matter. At the moment, the diatomite dynamic membrane has the best pollutant removal rate and transmembrane pressure difference relief for the culture wastewater.
Example 3
This example is a specific implementation of the method for treating aquaculture wastewater of example 1, and is used to optimize the preset dosage of diatomite.
In the embodiment, the aquaculture wastewater is finless eel aquaculture wastewater, the total nitrogen concentration is 6-20 mg/L, the total phosphorus concentration is 3-18 mg/L, the COD concentration is 40-60 mg/L, the ammonia nitrogen concentration is 0.2-0.3 mg/L, and the nitrite concentration is 3-5 mg/L.
A method for treating aquaculture wastewater comprises the following steps:
precoating the tubular supporting structure by adopting a gravity precoating mode so as to form a dynamic membrane with the thickness of 1.2-3.5 mm on the outer surface of the tubular supporting structure by using 10g/L, 15g/L, 25g/L and 35g/L of diatomite, thereby obtaining the tubular dynamic membrane, wherein the water head difference is 1m, and the precoating time is 15min;
adjusting the pH value of the eel breeding wastewater to 7 and adjusting the temperature of the eel breeding wastewater to 25 ℃;
placing the precoated tubular dynamic membrane into the culture wastewater;
adjusting the rotating speed of the pump to 20r/min to adjust the flow rate of the aquaculture wastewater, so that the tubular dynamic membrane filters the aquaculture wastewater;
automatically detecting transmembrane pressure difference of the dynamic membrane every minute;
and after the treatment time of the aquaculture wastewater reaches 1h, recovering the tubular dynamic membrane.
And (3) detecting pollutants in the treated aquaculture wastewater, wherein the detection results are shown in a table 2.
TABLE 2 influence of different amounts of diatomaceous earth on the removal rate of pollutants from aquaculture wastewater
| Removal Rate (%) | 10g/L | 15g/L | 25g/L | 35g/L |
| Nitrite salt | 58.65 | 62.8 | 69.35 | 69.8 |
| Total nitrogen | 47.32 | 56.2 | 60.77 | 40.71 |
| Total phosphorus | 85 | 86.7 | 92.32 | 83.57 |
| COD | 83.24 | 89.74 | 87.17 | 76.9 |
| Ammonia nitrogen | 10.24 | 9.87 | 24.15 | 6.45 |
As shown in Table 2, when the preset dosage of the diatomite is 25g/L, and the dynamic membrane treatment is carried out for 1h, the membrane flux is basically unchanged, the flux at the end of filtration is about 88% of the initial flux, and the dynamic membrane flux is seriously reduced due to the over-high or over-low preset dosage of the diatomite. From the removal of contaminants, it can also be seen that at the preset dosage of 35g/L, the membrane flux at the end of filtration is reduced by 27% compared to the preset dosage of 25g/L. According to the removal situation of pollutants, the removal rate of the total nitrogen can reach 60.77% when the preset dosage is 25g/L, and is improved by 13.45% compared with the preset dosage of 15 g/L; the removal rate of the total phosphorus can reach 92.32 percent, and is improved by about 8.75 percent compared with the preset dosage of 35 g/L; the removal rate of COD is 87.17 percent, which is improved by about 10.27 percent compared with the preset dosage of 35 g/L; the nitrite removal rate is 69.35%, which is about 7% higher than the preset dosage of 15 g/L.
In consideration of the change in the membrane flux and the organic matter, the predetermined amount of diatomaceous earth is preferably 25g/L. At the moment, the diatomite dynamic membrane has the best pollutant removal rate and transmembrane pressure difference relief for the culture wastewater.
Example 4
This example is a specific implementation of the aquaculture wastewater treatment method of example 1, and is used to optimize the preset pH of aquaculture wastewater.
In the embodiment, the breeding wastewater is finless eel breeding wastewater, the total nitrogen concentration is 6-20 mg/L, the total phosphorus concentration is 3-18 mg/L, the COD concentration is 40-60 mg/L, the ammonia nitrogen concentration is 0.2-0.3 mg/L, and the nitrite concentration is 3-5 mg/L.
A method for treating aquaculture wastewater comprises the following steps:
precoating the tubular supporting structure by adopting a gravity precoating mode so as to form a dynamic membrane with the thickness of 1.2-3.5 mm on the outer surface of the tubular supporting structure by 25g/L of diatomite to obtain the tubular dynamic membrane, wherein the water head difference is 1m, and the precoating time is 15min;
adjusting the pH value of the finless eel culture wastewater to 3, 5, 7 and 9 and adjusting the temperature of the finless eel culture wastewater to 25 ℃;
placing the precoated tubular dynamic membrane into the culture wastewater;
adjusting the rotating speed of the pump to 20r/min to adjust the flow rate of the aquaculture wastewater, so that the tubular dynamic membrane filters the aquaculture wastewater;
automatically detecting transmembrane pressure difference of the dynamic membrane every minute;
and after the treatment time of the aquaculture wastewater reaches 1h, recovering the tubular dynamic membrane.
And (3) carrying out pollutant detection on the treated aquaculture wastewater, wherein the detection results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 3 influence of different preset pH values on the removal rate of pollutants in aquaculture wastewater
| Removal Rate (%) | 3 | 5 | 7 | 9 |
| Nitrite salt | 60.25 | 62.14 | 69.35 | 4.17 |
| Total nitrogen | 55.13 | 53.25 | 60.77 | 48.93 |
| Total phosphorus | 86.3 | 86 | 92.32 | 93.1 |
| COD | 69.2 | 75.5 | 87.17 | 64.23 |
| Ammonia nitrogen | 14.12 | 14.87 | 24.15 | 22.22 |
As shown in Table 3, the flux of the diatomite dynamic membrane is reduced most slowly under the influence of neutral pH, the flux of the diatomite dynamic membrane is reduced to about 80% of the initial flux after 1h of operation, the flux of the diatomite dynamic membrane is reduced along with the increase or reduction of the pH, and the flux of the diatomite dynamic membrane is reduced most seriously under the influence of alkaline pH and is about 20% more serious than that of the diatomite dynamic membrane under the influence of neutral pH. It can also be seen from the removal of contaminants that at the preset pH of 7, the removal rate of contaminants is relatively highest compared to other treatments. When the preset pH value is 7, the removal rate of the total nitrogen can reach 60.77 percent, which is improved by about 5.64 percent compared with the preset pH value of 3; the removal rate of the total phosphorus can reach 92.32 percent, and is improved by 6.32 percent compared with the preset pH value of 5; the removal rate of COD is 87.17 percent, which is improved by 17.97 percent compared with the preset pH value of 3; the nitrite removal rate was 69.35%, which was about 65% higher than the preset pH of 9.
In combination with the change in membrane flux and the condition of the organic matter, the preset pH is preferably 7. At the moment, the diatomite dynamic membrane has the best effect on removing pollutants from the aquaculture wastewater and relieving transmembrane pressure difference.
Example 5
The present embodiment relates to a method for utilizing aquaculture waste according to the present invention.
In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a method for utilizing cultivation waste includes the steps of:
step S201, performing back washing on the recovered tubular dynamic membrane as in example 1 to separate the dynamic membrane from the tubular support structure, wherein the dynamic membrane is enriched in nitrogen, phosphorus, and carbon;
step S202, crushing the dynamic membrane into particles to obtain a fermentation substrate;
step S203, uniformly mixing a fermentation substrate, zymophyte and water according to a preset proportion to obtain fermentation liquor;
step S204, after the pH of the fermentation liquor is adjusted to the preset pH, the fermentation liquor is put into a fermentation container;
s205, adjusting the fermentation temperature to a preset fermentation temperature, and fermenting the fermentation liquor;
s206, obtaining a nitrogen-rich fermentation material after the fermentation time reaches the preset fermentation time;
step S207, filtering the nitrogen-rich fermentation material to respectively obtain a nitrogen-rich fermentation product and diatomite;
wherein the zymocyte comprises azotobacter and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, and the preset proportion is 24-72%: 10-20%: 16-63 percent, the preset pH value is 6-8, the preset temperature is 20-50 ℃, and the preset fermentation time is 8-16 days.
Preferably, the azotobacter is azotobacter chroococcum.
Preferably, the phosphate solubilizing bacteria are bacillus mucilaginosus and bacillus megaterium.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the azotobacter to the phosphate solubilizing bacteria is 1-5: 1. more preferably, the mass ratio of the azotobacter to the phosphate solubilizing bacteria is 1-3: 1
In some of these embodiments, the backwashing the tubular dynamic membrane in step S201 includes:
performing air backwashing on the tubular dynamic membrane;
wherein the back washing time is 1-10 min, and the gas flow rate is 0.05-1.2 m 3 /m 2 ·h。
Preferably, the backwashing time is 1 to 5min.
In some of these embodiments, backwashing the tubular dynamic membrane in step S201 includes:
performing water backwashing on the tubular dynamic membrane;
wherein the back washing time is 1-10 min, and the water flow rate is 0.25-0.75 m 3 /m 2 ·h。
Preferably, the backwashing time is 1-5 min.
In some of these embodiments, the backwashing the tubular dynamic membrane in step S201 includes:
sequentially performing air backwashing and water backwashing on the tubular dynamic membrane;
wherein the air back-flushing time is 1-5 min, and the gas flow rate is 0.05-1.2 m 3 /m 2 H, the water back-flushing time is 5-10 min, and the water flow rate is 0.25-0.75 m 3 /m 2 ·h。
In step S202, the crushing the dynamic membrane into particles includes:
crushing the dynamic membrane to obtain particles;
and (3) sieving the particles with a 50-200 mesh sieve to obtain a 50-200 mesh fermentation substrate.
Preferably, the particulate matter is sieved through a 50-150 mesh sieve. More preferably, the particulate matter is sieved through a 50 to 100 mesh sieve.
In step S203, the step of uniformly mixing the fermentation substrate, the fermentation tubes and the water includes uniformly stirring and shaking.
Preferably, the preset ratio is 30-70%: 10-20%: 20 to 50 percent. More preferably, the preset ratio is 35 to 65%: 10-20%: 25 to 45 percent. More preferably, the preset ratio is 45 to 65%: 12-18%: 23 to 27 percent.
In step S204, adjusting the pH of the fermentation broth comprises adding a pH adjusting agent to the fermentation broth. Among them, the pH adjusting agent includes, but is not limited to, phosphate buffer.
Preferably, the preset pH is 6.5 to 7.5. More preferably, the preset pH is 6.8 to 7.2. More preferably, the preset pH is 6.9 to 7.1. Most preferably, the preset pH is 7.
In step S205, the preset temperature is 20 to 45 ℃. More preferably, the preset temperature is 20 to 40 ℃. More preferably, the preset temperature is 25 to 38 ℃.
In step S205 to step S206, fermenting the fermentation liquid includes:
turning the fermentation liquor once every 4-12 h, and performing primary fermentation for 3-7 days and secondary fermentation for 5-9 days.
Preferably, the fermentation broth is turned over once every 6 to 8 hours.
Preferably, the primary fermentation lasts for 4-6 days, and the secondary fermentation lasts for 6-8 days.
In step S207, the filtering the nitrogen-rich fermentation material to obtain the nitrogen-rich fermentation product and the diatomite respectively comprises:
and (3) filtering the nitrogen-rich fermentation product by a filter screen of 10-50 meshes to obtain the nitrogen-rich fermentation product and diatomite.
Preferably, the nitrogen-enriched fermentation product is filtered through a 20-50 mesh sieve.
Further, the method for utilizing the cultivation waste further comprises the following steps:
step S208, drying or granulating the nitrogen-rich fermentation product to obtain a nitrogen-rich fermentation fertilizer or a nitrogen-rich fermentation feed;
and step S209, precoating the tubular supporting structure with diatomite to obtain the tubular dynamic membrane.
The invention has the advantages that the tubular dynamic membrane enriched with organic matters is recycled, and the nitrogen-rich fermentation product and the diatomite can be obtained after fermentation and filtration, the nitrogen-rich fermentation product can be used for preparing nitrogen-rich fermentation waste or nitrogen-rich fermentation feed, and the diatomite can be used for preparing the dynamic membrane again, thereby greatly reducing the sewage treatment cost and the breeding cost.
Example 6
This example is a specific embodiment of the method for utilizing aquaculture waste of example 5.
A method for utilizing cultivation waste comprises the following steps:
performing air back washing on the recycled tubular dynamic membrane to separate the dynamic membrane from the tubular supporting structure, wherein the dynamic membrane is enriched in nitrogen, phosphorus and carbon, the back washing time is 5min, and the gas flow rate is 0.5m 3 /m 2 ·h；
Crushing the dynamic membrane to obtain particles;
sieving the particles with a 50-mesh sieve to obtain a 50-mesh fermentation substrate;
mixing a fermentation substrate, azotobacter and phosphate-removing bacteria and water according to the proportion of 24%:20%: and uniformly mixing 56% of the mixture to obtain a fermentation liquor, wherein the ratio of the nitrogen-fixing bacteria to the phosphate-removing bacteria is 1:1;
after adjusting the pH value of the fermentation liquor to 7, putting the fermentation liquor into a fermentation container;
adjusting the fermentation temperature to 25 ℃, and fermenting the fermentation liquor;
turning the fermentation liquor once every 4 h;
obtaining nitrogen-rich fermentation materials after primary fermentation for 3 days and secondary fermentation for 6 days;
passing the nitrogen-rich fermentation product through a 10-mesh filter screen to respectively obtain the nitrogen-rich fermentation product and diatomite;
drying the nitrogen-rich fermentation product to obtain a nitrogen-rich fermentation fertilizer;
and precoating the tubular supporting structure with diatomite to obtain the tubular dynamic membrane.
Example 7
This example is a specific embodiment of the method for utilizing aquaculture waste of example 5.
A method for utilizing cultivation waste comprises the following steps:
performing water backwashing on the recovered tubular dynamic membrane to separate the dynamic membrane from the tubular supporting structure, wherein the dynamic membrane is enriched with nitrogen, phosphorus and carbon, the backwashing time is 5min, and the water flow rate is 0.5m 3 /m 2 ·h；
Crushing the dynamic membrane to obtain particles;
sieving the particles with a 100-mesh sieve to obtain a 100-mesh fermentation substrate;
mixing a fermentation substrate, azotobacter and phosphate-removing bacteria and water by 45%:10%: uniformly mixing 45% of the mixture to obtain a fermentation liquor, wherein the ratio of azotobacter to phosphate-dissolving bacteria is 2:1;
after adjusting the pH value of the fermentation liquor to 7, putting the fermentation liquor into a fermentation container;
adjusting the fermentation temperature to 25 ℃, and fermenting the fermentation liquor;
turning the fermentation liquor once every 6 h;
obtaining nitrogen-rich fermentation materials after 4 days of primary fermentation and 5 days of secondary fermentation;
filtering the nitrogen-rich fermentation product by a 20-mesh filter screen to respectively obtain the nitrogen-rich fermentation product and diatomite;
granulating the nitrogen-rich fermentation product to obtain nitrogen-rich fermentation feed;
precoating the tubular support structure with diatomaceous earth again to obtain a tubular dynamic membrane.
Example 8
This example is a specific embodiment of the method for utilizing aquaculture waste of example 5.
A method for utilizing cultivation waste comprises the following steps:
sequentially performing air backwashing and water backwashing on the recycled tubular dynamic membrane to separate the dynamic membrane from the tubular supporting structure, wherein the dynamic membrane is enriched with nitrogen elements, phosphorus elements and carbon elements, the air backwashing time is 3min, and the gas flow rate is 1m 3 /m 2 H, water backwash time of 4min, water flow rate of 0.75m 3 /m 2 ·h；
Crushing the dynamic membrane to obtain particles;
sieving the particles with a 150-mesh sieve to obtain a 150-mesh fermentation substrate;
mixing a fermentation substrate, azotobacter and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and water according to the proportion of 65%:15%: and (3) uniformly mixing 20% of the mixture to obtain a fermentation liquor, wherein the ratio of the nitrogen-fixing bacteria to the phosphate-removing bacteria is 2.5:1;
after adjusting the pH value of the fermentation liquor to 7, putting the fermentation liquor into a fermentation container;
adjusting the fermentation temperature to 25 ℃, and fermenting the fermentation liquor;
turning and throwing the fermentation liquor once every 8 hours;
obtaining nitrogen-rich fermentation materials after 5 days of primary fermentation and 6 days of secondary fermentation;
passing the nitrogen-rich fermentation product through a 50-mesh filter screen to respectively obtain the nitrogen-rich fermentation product and diatomite;
granulating the nitrogen-rich fermentation product to obtain a nitrogen-rich fermentation fertilizer;
precoating the tubular support structure with diatomaceous earth again to obtain a tubular dynamic membrane.
Example 9
This example is a specific embodiment of the method for utilizing aquaculture waste of example 5.
A method for utilizing cultivation waste comprises the following steps:
performing air back washing on the recycled tubular dynamic membrane to separate the dynamic membrane from the tubular supporting structure, wherein the dynamic membrane is enriched in nitrogen, phosphorus and carbon, the back washing time is 5min, and the gas flow rate is 1.2m 3 /m 2 ·h；
Crushing the dynamic membrane to obtain particles;
sieving the particles with a 200-mesh sieve to obtain a 200-mesh fermentation substrate;
mixing a fermentation substrate, azotobacter and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and water according to the proportion of 72%:10%: and (3) uniformly mixing 18% of the mixture to obtain a fermentation liquor, wherein the ratio of the nitrogen-fixing bacteria to the phosphate-removing bacteria is 3:1;
after adjusting the pH value of the fermentation liquor to 7, putting the fermentation liquor into a fermentation container;
adjusting the fermentation temperature to 25 ℃, and fermenting the fermentation liquor;
turning the fermentation liquor once every 12 h;
obtaining nitrogen-enriched fermentation materials after 5 days of primary fermentation and 7 days of secondary fermentation;
filtering the nitrogen-rich fermentation product with a 20-mesh filter screen to obtain the nitrogen-rich fermentation product and diatomite respectively;
drying the nitrogen-rich fermentation product to obtain nitrogen-rich fermented feed;
precoating the tubular support structure with diatomaceous earth again to obtain a tubular dynamic membrane.
While the invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for treating aquaculture wastewater is characterized by comprising the following steps:
weighing diatomite with a preset dosage to pre-coat the tubular supporting structure, and forming a dynamic membrane with a preset thickness on the surface of the tubular supporting structure to obtain a tubular dynamic membrane;
adjusting the pH of the aquaculture wastewater to a preset pH value and adjusting the temperature of the aquaculture wastewater to a preset temperature;
placing the pre-coated tubular dynamic membrane into aquaculture wastewater;
adjusting the flow rate of the aquaculture wastewater to enable the tubular dynamic membrane to filter the aquaculture wastewater;
recovering the tubular dynamic membrane after the treatment time of the aquaculture wastewater reaches a preset treatment time;
wherein the preset dosage of the diatomite is 10-35 g/L, the preset thickness of the dynamic membrane is 1.2-3.5 mm, the preset pH of the aquaculture wastewater is 3-9, the preset temperature of the aquaculture wastewater is 10-35 ℃, and the preset treatment time of the aquaculture wastewater is 1-2 h;
wherein, the removal rate of nitrite in the aquaculture wastewater is at least 23.98%, the removal rate of total nitrogen is at least 40.71%, the removal rate of total phosphorus is at least 78.58%, the removal rate of COD is at least 64.23%, and the removal rate of ammonia nitrogen is at least 6.45%.
2. The aquaculture wastewater treatment method according to claim 1, wherein the step of weighing a preset amount of diatomite to pre-coat the tubular support structure, and the step of forming a dynamic membrane with a preset thickness on the surface of the tubular support structure to obtain the tubular dynamic membrane comprises the following steps:
precoating the tubular supporting structure by adopting a gravity precoating mode so as to form a dynamic membrane with a preset thickness on the outer surface of the tubular supporting structure by using a preset amount of diatomite to obtain the tubular dynamic membrane;
finishing the pre-coating under the condition that the effluent turbidity of the tubular dynamic membrane is lower than the preset turbidity;
wherein the water head difference is 0.8-1.2 m, the pre-coating time is 12-20 min, and the preset turbidity is 1.0NTU.
3. The aquaculture wastewater treatment method of claim 1, wherein the tubular support structure is a sintered polyethylene filter tube of 200-300 mesh.
4. The aquaculture wastewater treatment method of claim 1, wherein adjusting the flow rate of the aquaculture wastewater comprises:
adjusting the rotating speed of the pump to a preset rotating speed so as to adjust the flow rate of the aquaculture wastewater;
wherein the preset rotating speed is 10-25 r/min.
5. The method for treating aquaculture wastewater according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising the steps of:
weighing 25/L diatomite to pre-coat the tubular supporting structure, and forming a dynamic membrane with the thickness of 1.2-3.5 mm on the surface of the tubular supporting structure to obtain a tubular dynamic membrane;
adjusting the pH value of the breeding wastewater to 7 and adjusting the temperature of the breeding wastewater to 25 ℃;
putting the pre-coated tubular dynamic membrane into the culture wastewater;
adjusting the rotating speed of the pump to 20r/min to adjust the flow rate of the aquaculture wastewater, so that the tubular dynamic membrane filters the aquaculture wastewater;
after the treatment time of the aquaculture wastewater reaches 1h, recovering the tubular dynamic membrane;
wherein, the removal rate of nitrite in the aquaculture wastewater is at least 26.54%, the removal rate of total nitrogen is at least 58.2%, the removal rate of total phosphorus is at least 90.95%, the removal rate of COD is at least 84.6%, and the removal rate of ammonia nitrogen is at least 12.31%.
6. A method for utilizing cultivation waste is characterized by comprising the following steps:
backwashing the recycled tubular dynamic membrane of any of claims 1 to 5 to separate the dynamic membrane from the tubular support structure, wherein the dynamic membrane is enriched in nitrogen, phosphorus and carbon;
crushing the dynamic membrane into particles to obtain a fermentation substrate;
uniformly mixing the fermentation substrate, the zymophyte and water according to a preset proportion to obtain a fermentation liquid;
after the pH value of the fermentation liquor is adjusted to a preset pH value, putting the fermentation liquor into a fermentation container;
adjusting the fermentation temperature to a preset fermentation temperature, and fermenting the fermentation liquor;
obtaining a nitrogen-rich fermentation material after the fermentation time reaches a preset fermentation time;
filtering the nitrogen-rich fermentation material to respectively obtain a nitrogen-rich fermentation product and diatomite;
wherein the zymocyte comprises azotobacter and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, and the preset proportion is 24-72%: 10-20%: 16-63 percent, the preset pH value is 6-8, the preset temperature is 20-50 ℃, and the preset fermentation time is 8-16 days.
7. The method of utilizing aquaculture waste of claim 6, wherein back-flushing the tubular dynamic membrane comprises:
performing air back washing on the tubular dynamic membrane;
wherein the back washing time is 1-10 min, and the gas flow rate is 0.05-1.2 m 3 /m 2 H; and/or
Performing water backwashing on the tubular dynamic membrane;
wherein the back washing time is 1-10 min, and the water flow rate is 0.25-0.75 m 3 /m 2 H; and/or
Comminuting the dynamic membrane into particulate form comprises:
crushing the dynamic membrane to obtain particles;
sieving the particles with a 50-200 mesh sieve to obtain a 50-200 mesh fermentation substrate; and/or
Fermenting the fermentation broth comprises:
turning and throwing the fermentation liquor once every 4-12 h, performing primary fermentation for 3-7 days, and performing secondary fermentation for 5-9 days; and/or
Filtering the nitrogen-rich fermentation material to respectively obtain a nitrogen-rich fermentation product and diatomite comprises the following steps:
and (3) filtering the nitrogen-rich fermentation product by a filter screen of 10-50 meshes to obtain the nitrogen-rich fermentation product and diatomite.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein backwashing the tubular dynamic membrane comprises:
sequentially carrying out air back washing and water back washing on the tubular dynamic membrane;
wherein the air back-flushing time is 1-5 min, and the gas flow rate is 0.05-1.2 m 3 /m 2 H, water backwashThe time is 5-10 min, the water flow rate is 0.25-0.75 m 3 /m 2 ·h。
9. The method for utilizing cultivation waste according to claim 6, further comprising the steps of:
drying or granulating the nitrogen-rich fermentation product to obtain a nitrogen-rich fermentation fertilizer or a nitrogen-rich fermentation feed;
and precoating the tubular supporting structure with the diatomite to obtain the tubular dynamic membrane.
10. The method for utilizing cultivation waste according to any one of claims 6 to 9, comprising the steps of:
performing air backwash and/or water backwash on the recycled tubular dynamic membrane to separate the dynamic membrane from the tubular support structure, wherein the dynamic membrane is enriched in nitrogen, phosphorus and carbon;
crushing the dynamic membrane and sieving the dynamic membrane by a sieve with 50 to 200 meshes to obtain a fermentation substrate;
mixing 45-65% of mixed bacteria consisting of the fermentation substrate, the azotobacter and the phosphate solubilizing bacteria and water: 12-18%: mixing 23-27% to obtain fermentation liquor;
after the pH value of the fermentation liquor is adjusted to 7, putting the fermentation liquor into a fermentation container;
adjusting the fermentation temperature to 25 ℃, fermenting the fermentation liquor, and turning over the fermentation liquor once every 6-8 hours;
obtaining nitrogen-enriched fermentation materials after the primary fermentation for 4-6 days and the secondary fermentation for 6-8 days;
and (3) filtering the nitrogen-rich fermentation material by a filter screen of 10-50 meshes to respectively obtain a nitrogen-rich fermentation product and diatomite.
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