CN115319429A - Method for crystallizing both welding seam area and base material area of titanium or titanium alloy welding plate - Google Patents
Method for crystallizing both welding seam area and base material area of titanium or titanium alloy welding plate Download PDFInfo
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- CN115319429A CN115319429A CN202211264310.5A CN202211264310A CN115319429A CN 115319429 A CN115319429 A CN 115319429A CN 202211264310 A CN202211264310 A CN 202211264310A CN 115319429 A CN115319429 A CN 115319429A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P17/00—Metal-working operations, not covered by a single other subclass or another group in this subclass
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K15/00—Electron-beam welding or cutting
- B23K15/0046—Welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K15/00—Electron-beam welding or cutting
- B23K15/06—Electron-beam welding or cutting within a vacuum chamber
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0081—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for slabs; for billets
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/16—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of other metals or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/18—High-melting or refractory metals or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/183—High-melting or refractory metals or alloys based thereon of titanium or alloys based thereon
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
- B23K2103/14—Titanium or alloys thereof
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for crystallizing both a welding seam area and a base metal area of a titanium or titanium alloy welding plate, which comprises the following steps of: 1. welding the two titanium plates by adopting vacuum electron beam welding to obtain a welded plate; 2. carrying out high-temperature heat treatment on the welded plate to obtain a heat-treated welded plate; 3. rolling the heat-treated welding plate to obtain a rolled welding plate; 4. and annealing the rolled and welded plate to obtain a homogeneous crystallized plate. The invention adopts vacuum electron beam welding to weld two titanium plates, then carries out high-temperature heat treatment, rolling and annealing in sequence to obtain the homogeneous crystallization plate, enables more than 99% of crystal grains in a welding area of the homogeneous crystallization plate and a base metal area to be consistent in size and orientation, enables the size grade of the crystal grains to be more than 10 grade, and solves the problem of homogeneous crystallization of the base metal and a welding area of the welding titanium plate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of alloy materials, and particularly relates to a method for crystallizing both a welding seam area and a base metal area of a titanium or titanium alloy welding plate.
Background
The welding process usually causes the weld seam and the base material to form huge differences of grain size and grain orientation, and it is because of the existence of the differences that the weld seam and the base material of the material have obvious differences of properties, including mechanical properties, electrical properties and the like. Especially the electrical properties of the material, are extremely sensitive to grain size and orientation. For example, the surface grain size and orientation of the cathode roll during copper foil deposition affect the electrical conductivity of the cathode roll, thereby determining the copper foil deposition rate.
Many methods have been tried in order to eliminate the difference in structural properties between the weld and the base material. Patent publication No. CN114453846a describes homogenizing the grain sizes of the weld and base material by spinning. Spinning requires custom insert molds, the size is limited by the mold and the tooling costs are high. At present, the titanium cathode roller prepared by welding in China can achieve a low grain size grade, and a method of independently deforming a welding seam area is adopted, so that the practical operability is low and the effect is not ideal. Therefore, it is important to crystallize the entire welding region and the entire base material region.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for crystallizing both the weld zone and the base material zone of a titanium or titanium alloy welded plate, in view of the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art. The method adopts vacuum electron beam welding to weld two titanium plates, then high-temperature heat treatment, rolling and annealing are carried out in sequence to obtain a homogeneous crystallization plate, more than 99% of crystal grains in a welding area of the homogeneous crystallization plate and a base material area are consistent in size and orientation, the size grade of the crystal grains is more than 10 grade, the problem of homogeneous crystallization of the base material and the welding area of the welded titanium plate is solved, and the method can be directly used for manufacturing a welding cathode roller through technical adjustment, so that the high-quality electrolytic copper foil is obtained.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a method for crystallizing both a welding seam area and a base material area of a titanium or titanium alloy welding plate is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step one, welding two base metals by adopting vacuum electron beam welding to obtain a welded plate;
step two, carrying out high-temperature heat treatment on the welding plate obtained in the step one to obtain a heat-treated welding plate;
step three, rolling the heat treatment welded plate obtained in the step two to obtain a rolled welded plate;
step four, annealing the rolled and welded plate obtained in the step three to obtain a homogeneous crystallized plate; the size and orientation of more than 99% of the crystal grains in the welding area and the base material area of the homogeneous crystallization plate are consistent, and the grade of the size of the crystal grains is more than 10 grades.
The method for crystallizing both the weld joint area and the base material area of the titanium or titanium alloy welded plate is characterized in that the base material is a titanium plate or a titanium alloy plate in the step one.
The method for crystallizing both the weld joint area and the base metal area of the titanium or titanium alloy welded plate is characterized in that in the step one, the welding current is 340mA-440mA, the beam current is 40mA-52mA, the welding speed is 400 mm/min-500 mm/min, and the vacuum degree is 0.1 multiplied by 10 -3 MPa~1×10 -3 MPa. By controlling various parameters of welding, solid solution of impurity elements such as O, C, N in the air in the welding process is effectively avoided, the energy density of electron beams is concentrated, the formed welding seam and a heat affected zone are very narrow, and the grain size is convenient to regulate and control.
The method for crystallizing both the welding seam area and the base metal area of the titanium or titanium alloy welding plate is characterized in that in the second step, the high-temperature heat treatment is heating to 950-1000 ℃, then preserving heat for 1h-2h, and then carrying out water cooling. The high-temperature heat treatment in the invention is to heat the titanium and titanium alloy welding plate to a temperature above the phase transformation point, wherein the temperature is 950-1000 ℃ higher than the beta transformation temperature, and the titanium and titanium alloy welding plate is cooled to room temperature after being kept warm for a period of time, so that the crystal grains in a welding line area and a base material area grow rapidly, the uniformity of subsequent rolling deformation and the consistency of strain storage energy of recrystallization are facilitated, the size of the crystal grains in the welding line area is larger than that of original crystal grains in the base material area, the growth rate of the crystal grains is inversely proportional to the size of the crystal grains, the difference of the sizes of the crystal grains in the two areas is obviously reduced after being kept warm for a period of time, and in the subsequent rapid cooling, a large amount of needle-shaped alpha phases are formed in the crystal grains, and the crystal grain refinement in the subsequent plastic deformation process is facilitated.
The method for crystallizing both the welding seam area and the base metal area of the titanium or titanium alloy welding plate is characterized in that the rolling direction in the third step is parallel to the welding seam direction, the rolling temperature is 300-500 ℃, the deformation of each pass is 10-20%, and the total deformation is 80-90%. The rolling at 300-500 ℃ is performed to ensure that titanium and titanium alloy welding plates have enough plasticity to perform large plastic deformation without cracking, the tissues can be ensured not to undergo dynamic recrystallization at the relatively low temperature of 300-350 ℃, the deformation amount of each pass is controlled to be 10-20%, the total deformation amount is 80-90% to ensure enough fragmentation and uniform deformation of crystal grains, the rolling direction is parallel to the welding line direction, the width of the welding line can be effectively restrained from increasing, and if the rolling direction is perpendicular to the welding line, the width of the welding line can be increased, so that the difficulty of uniform crystallization is increased.
The method for crystallizing both the weld joint area and the base metal area of the titanium or titanium alloy welded plate is characterized in that in the fourth step, the annealing temperature is 600-700 ℃, the heat preservation time is 5-60min, and air cooling is carried out after annealing. The annealing at 600-700 ℃ for 5-60min releases strain storage energy accumulated in the titanium and titanium alloy welding plate completely, and a uniform crystal structure with uniform and fine grain size is formed.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the invention adopts vacuum electron beam welding to weld two titanium plates, then high-temperature heat treatment, rolling and annealing are carried out in sequence to obtain the homogeneous crystallization plate, more than 99% of crystal grains in a welding area of the homogeneous crystallization plate and a base material area are consistent in size and orientation, the size grade of the crystal grains is more than 10 grade, the problem of homogeneous crystallization of the base material and a welding area of the welded titanium plate is solved, and the plate after the homogeneous crystallization is adopted to prepare a cathode roller, thereby obtaining the electrolytic copper foil with high quality.
2. By controlling various parameters of welding, solid solution of impurity elements such as O, C, N in the air in the welding process is effectively avoided, the energy density of electron beams is concentrated, the formed welding seam and a heat affected zone are very narrow, and the grain size is convenient to regulate and control.
3. The invention controls the parameters of high-temperature heat treatment to ensure that the crystal grains in the welding seam area and the base metal area grow up rapidly, thereby being beneficial to the uniformity of the subsequent rolling deformation and the consistency of the strain storage energy of recrystallization.
4. The invention ensures that the welding plate has enough plasticity to carry out large plastic deformation without cracking by controlling the rolling parameters, can also ensure that the structure does not generate dynamic recrystallization, ensures enough fragmentation of crystal grains and uniform deformation, and can effectively restrain the width of the welding seam from increasing by the rolling direction parallel to the welding seam direction.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail by the accompanying drawings and examples.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a 50-fold magnified topographical view of a heat-treated welded blank obtained in example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a 200 times magnified topographical view of a heat treated welded blank obtained in example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a distribution diagram of the grain orientation of the weld and the base material of the heat-treated welded plate material obtained in example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a diagram of a phase diagram of a homocrystallized sheet obtained in example 1 of the present invention, which is enlarged by 50 times.
FIG. 5 is a graph of the weld zone of the homocrystallized sheet obtained in example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a topographical view of a mother material region of a homocrystallized sheet obtained in example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a distribution diagram of the grain orientation of the homopolymeric crystal plate obtained in example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The embodiment comprises the following steps:
step one, welding two TA1 plates with the thickness of 16.8mm by adopting vacuum electron beam welding to obtain a welded plate; the focusing current of the welding is 340mA, the beam current is 40mA, the welding speed is 400mm/min, the vacuum degree is 0.1 multiplied by 10 - 3 MPa；
Step two, heating the welding plate obtained in the step one to 1000 ℃, preserving heat for 2 hours, and then carrying out water cooling to obtain a heat treatment welding plate;
step three, performing 10-pass rolling on the heat-treated welded plate obtained in the step two, and preserving heat for 10min at 350 ℃ before each pass of rolling to obtain a rolled welded plate with the thickness of 3.3 mm; the rolling direction is parallel to the welding seam direction, the deformation of each pass of rolling is 10% -20%, and the total deformation is 80%;
step four, annealing the rolled and welded plate obtained in the step three, and then air-cooling to obtain a homogeneous plate; the annealing temperature is 700 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 5min;
after detection, after grain size statistics is performed on a welding area and a base material area of the homogeneous crystal plate prepared in the embodiment, grain sizes of a welding line area and the base material area are not different, and the grade of the grain size is 10.
Fig. 1 is a 50-times enlarged view of the heat-treated welded plate obtained in this embodiment, and fig. 2 is a 200-times enlarged view of the heat-treated welded plate obtained in this embodiment, and it can be seen from fig. 1 and fig. 2 that the weld seam and the base material are primarily identical but not completely identical after being subjected to high-temperature heat treatment, which is to eliminate the grain size difference between the weld seam and the base material.
Fig. 3 is a distribution diagram of the grain orientation of the weld and the base material of the heat-treated welded plate obtained in the present example, and it can be seen from fig. 3 that the left side is the weld zone and the right side is the base material zone, and the grain orientation distribution of the weld zone and the base material zone still has a certain difference.
Fig. 4 is a diagram of a gold phase of the homogeneous crystal plate obtained in this embodiment, which is enlarged by 50 times, fig. 5 is a diagram of a weld zone of the homogeneous crystal plate obtained in this embodiment, and fig. 6 is a diagram of a base material zone of the homogeneous crystal plate obtained in this embodiment, and as can be seen from fig. 4, fig. 5 and fig. 6, a uniform structure is significantly refined by rolling and heat treatment, and the grain sizes of the weld zone and the base material zone of the homogeneous crystal plate are not different.
Fig. 7 is a distribution diagram of the grain orientation of the crystallized plate obtained in this example, and it can be seen from fig. 7 that the grain sizes of the welding area and the base material area of the crystallized plate prepared in this example are uniform, and there is no difference between the grain sizes of the welding area and the base material area.
Example 2
The embodiment comprises the following steps:
step one, welding two TA1 plates with the thickness of 20mm by adopting vacuum electron beam welding to obtain a welded plate; the focusing current of the welding is 440mA, the beam current is 52mA, the welding speed is 500mm/min, the vacuum degree is 1 multiplied by 10 - 3 MPa；
Step two, heating the welded plate obtained in the step one to 980 ℃, preserving heat for 1.5h, and then carrying out water cooling to obtain a heat-treated welded plate;
step three, performing 10-pass rolling on the heat-treated welding plate obtained in the step two, and preserving heat for 5min at 300 ℃ before each pass of rolling to obtain a rolling welding plate with the thickness of 2 mm; the rolling direction is parallel to the welding seam direction, the deformation of each pass of rolling is 10% -20%, and the total deformation is 90%;
step four, annealing the rolled and welded plate obtained in the step three, and then air-cooling to obtain a homogeneous plate; the annealing temperature is 600 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 30min;
after detection, after grain size statistics is performed on a welding area and a base material area of the homogeneous crystal plate prepared in the embodiment, grain sizes of a welding line area and the base material area are not different, and the grade of the grain size is 10.5.
Example 3
The embodiment comprises the following steps:
step one, welding two TC4 plates with the thickness of 18mm by adopting vacuum electron beam welding to obtain a welded plate; the focusing current of the welding is 380mA, the beam current is 48mA, the welding speed is 450mm/min, the vacuum degree is 0.5 multiplied by 10 - 3 MPa；
Step two, heating the welding plate obtained in the step one to 950 ℃, preserving heat for 1h, and then performing water cooling to obtain a heat treatment welding plate;
step three, rolling the heat-treated welding plate obtained in the step two for 10 times, and preserving heat for 8min at 500 ℃ before each rolling to obtain a rolled welding plate with the thickness of 2 mm; the rolling direction is parallel to the welding seam direction, the deformation of each pass of rolling is 10% -20%, and the total deformation is 88%;
step four, annealing the rolled and welded plate obtained in the step three, and then air-cooling to obtain a homogeneous plate; the annealing temperature is 650 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 60min;
after detection, after grain size statistics is performed on a welding area and a base material area of the homogeneous crystal plate prepared in the embodiment, grain sizes of a welding line area and the base material area are not different, and the grade of the grain size is 10.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Any simple modifications, alterations and equivalent changes of the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the invention are still within the protection scope of the technical solution of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. A method for crystallizing both a welding seam area and a base material area of a titanium or titanium alloy welding plate is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step one, welding two base metals by adopting vacuum electron beam welding to obtain a welded plate;
step two, carrying out high-temperature heat treatment on the welded plate obtained in the step one to obtain a heat-treated welded plate;
step three, rolling the heat-treated welding plate obtained in the step two to obtain a rolled welding plate;
step four, annealing the rolled and welded plate obtained in the step three to obtain a homogeneous crystallized plate; the size and orientation of more than 99% of the crystal grains in the welding area and the base material area of the homogeneous crystallization plate are consistent, and the grade of the crystal grain size is more than 10 grades.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the base material in step one is a titanium plate or a titanium alloy plate.
3. The method for crystallizing the weld joint region and the base material region of the titanium or titanium alloy welding plate according to claim 1, wherein in the step one, the welding current is 340mA to 440mA, the beam current is 40mA to 52mA, the welding speed is 400mm/min to 500mm/min, and the vacuum degree is 0.1 x 10 -3 MPa~1×10 -3 MPa。
4. The method for crystallizing the weld joint area and the base metal area of the titanium or titanium alloy welding plate according to claim 1, wherein the high-temperature heat treatment in the second step is heating to 950-1000 ℃, then preserving heat for 1-2h, and then performing water cooling.
5. The method for crystallizing both the weld joint region and the base metal region of the titanium or titanium alloy welded plate according to claim 1, wherein the rolling direction in the third step is parallel to the weld joint direction, the rolling temperature is 300-500 ℃, the deformation in each pass is 10-20%, and the total deformation is 80-90%.
6. The method for crystallizing both the weld joint area and the base metal area of the titanium or titanium alloy welded plate according to claim 1, wherein the annealing in the fourth step is carried out at a temperature of 600-700 ℃ for a holding time of 5-60min, and the annealing is followed by air cooling.
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