CN115319235A - Welding method of aluminum alloy medium plate - Google Patents
Welding method of aluminum alloy medium plate Download PDFInfo
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- CN115319235A CN115319235A CN202210570681.XA CN202210570681A CN115319235A CN 115319235 A CN115319235 A CN 115319235A CN 202210570681 A CN202210570681 A CN 202210570681A CN 115319235 A CN115319235 A CN 115319235A
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 119
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010301 surface-oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000037452 priming Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/02—Seam welding; Backing means; Inserts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K33/00—Specially-profiled edge portions of workpieces for making soldering or welding connections; Filling the seams formed thereby
- B23K33/004—Filling of continuous seams
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/16—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas
- B23K9/173—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas and of a consumable electrode
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/235—Preliminary treatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
- B23K2103/10—Aluminium or alloys thereof
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Arc Welding In General (AREA)
- Butt Welding And Welding Of Specific Article (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a welding method of an aluminum alloy medium plate, and belongs to the field of material processing. The groove of the welding test plate is combined by double V-shaped and U-shaped grooves, and the truncated edge is 2-4 mm. Wherein: the angles of the double V-shaped grooves on the front surface are respectively 140 degrees and 60 degrees, the angle of the U-shaped groove on the back surface is 60 degrees, the fillet is R5, and the gap of the groove is less than or equal to 1mm. The welding method is suitable for welding 7A52 high-strength aluminum alloy with the thickness of 20-40 mm, the porosity of a welding joint is less than 1%, the tensile strength of the joint is more than or equal to 320MPa, and the strength coefficient of the joint is more than or equal to 0.75. The method has the advantages that the groove shape and the groove size are flexibly designed aiming at the problems in the welding process of the aluminum alloy medium plate, the air hole escape distance is reduced, the air hole escape time is prolonged, the cold metal transition and pulse welding technology is combined, the number of air holes in a welding line is effectively reduced, the softening size of a heat affected zone is reduced, the crystal grains of the welding line are refined, and the welding line joint with high strength is obtained. The tensile strength of the welding joint is more than or equal to 322MPa, the strength coefficient of the welding joint is more than or equal to 0.75, and the welding method has great potential in welding medium-thick plate aluminum alloy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of material processing, in particular to a welding method of an aluminum alloy medium plate.
Background
The aluminum alloy has the characteristics of low density, higher strength, good corrosion resistance, excellent fracture toughness and the like, so that the aluminum alloy is widely applied to the fields of airplane fuselage structures, special vehicles, railway transportation, low-temperature pressure containers and the like. Welding, as an important manufacturing technique, is a "melting and resolidifying" process. In the process, because the aluminum alloy has low melting point and high heat conductivity coefficient, the defects of air holes, cracks, non-fusion and the like are easy to appear in the welding seam; meanwhile, the welding seam structure has coarse grains, and a heat affected zone is softened seriously, so that the mechanical property of a welding joint is reduced. Particularly, for the welding of aluminum alloy medium and thick plates (20-40 mm), the cooling speed of a molten pool is higher, the problem of air holes and the problem of softening of a heat affected zone are more serious, and the problems can not be solved all the time.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for welding an aluminum alloy medium plate, which solves the problems in the background technology existing in the conventional welding of the aluminum alloy medium plate.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a welding method of an aluminum alloy medium plate, which comprises the following steps:
1) Selecting an aluminum alloy plate with the thickness of 20-40 mm;
2) And groove machining: the groove of the welding test plate is combined by a double V shape and a U shape, and the truncated edge of the groove is 2-4 mm; wherein the front surface is a double V-shaped groove, and the angles are respectively 130-150 degrees and 50-70 degrees; the back surface is a U-shaped groove with an angle of 50-70 degrees and a round angle of R5; the groove gap is less than or equal to 1mm;
3) The bottoming welding bead adopts a pulse (P) welding mode, the welding current is 210-280A, the welding voltage is 22.3-24.5V, and the wire feeding speed is 12.7-18 m/min;
4) The filling welding bead adopts a cold metal transition technology (CMT) and pulse (P) welding mode, the welding current is 210A-240A, the welding voltage is 21.7V-22.5V, the wire feeding speed is 11.8 m/min-13.0 m/min, and the welding speed is 0.3 m/min-0.48 m/min.
In this embodiment, the size and shape of the bevel are designed in step 2), wherein the larger the bevel angle is, the smaller the air hole escape distance is. For the test plate with a larger groove angle, the height of the welding bead is smaller, the escape distance of the air holes is smaller, so that the escape probability of the air holes is increased, and the number of the air holes remained in the welding line is less, so that the number of the air holes can be effectively reduced; wherein the blow hole escape distance is reduced and the blow hole escape time is increased, thereby achieving a reduction in the number of blow holes in the welded joint.
In the embodiment, the backing weld in the step 3) adopts a pulse (P) welding mode, the pulse current consists of a base current and a peak current, and the adoption of a larger current can not only ensure the penetration, but also reduce the defects of non-fusion and non-penetration;
the cold metal transition technology (CMT) + the pulse (P) can effectively reduce welding heat input, reduce the deformation of the aluminum alloy plate, have good molten pool stirring effect, reduce the generation of pore defects, and achieve the effects of refining weld grains and improving the weld strength.
In the embodiment, it is further preferable that the groove is polished before welding to remove an oxide film on the surface, and oil contamination is removed by using acetone, and the inter-lane temperature is controlled to be less than or equal to 80 ℃ in the welding process to reduce the deformation.
In the present embodiment, it is still more preferable that the protection gas is used to 50% He +50% Ar at the time of welding, the gas flow rate is 16 to 22L/min, and the inter-lane temperature is 80 ℃ or less.
In this embodiment, it is still further preferable that the aluminum alloy plate is a 7a52 high-strength aluminum alloy, and the welded joint after welding has a porosity of less than 1%, a joint tensile strength of not less than 320MPa, and a joint strength coefficient of not less than 0.75.
In this embodiment, it is further preferable that, when the groove is machined, the front surface is a double V-shaped groove, the angles of the double V-shaped groove are 130 to 150 degrees and 50 to 70 degrees respectively, the V-shaped groove of 130 to 150 degrees is arranged at the lower part, and the V-shaped groove of 50 to 70 degrees is arranged at the upper part.
In this embodiment, it is still further preferable that the bevel is machined by a double "V" bevel on the front surface, and the angles are 140 ° and 60 °, respectively.
In this embodiment, it is still further preferable that, during groove processing, the back surface of the groove is a "U" shaped groove, the bottom of the groove is a rounded structure, and the side wall angle of the groove is 60 °.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial technical effects that: according to the method, the size and the shape of the groove are designed, so that the escape distance of the air holes is reduced, the escape time of the air holes is prolonged, and the number of the air holes in the welding joint is reduced; the priming weld pass adopts a pulse (P) welding mode, the pulse current consists of base value current and peak value current, and the adoption of larger current can not only ensure penetration, but also reduce the defects of incomplete fusion and incomplete penetration; the cold metal transition technology (CMT) + the pulse (P) can effectively reduce the welding heat input, reduce the deformation, have good molten pool stirring effect, reduce the generation of pore defects, refine welding line crystal grains and improve the welding line strength; aiming at the phenomenon that the mechanical property of a joint is low due to the problems of air holes, cracks, incomplete fusion, softening of a heat affected zone and the like in the welding process of the conventional aluminum alloy medium plate, the welding joint with excellent mechanical property is obtained by reasonably designing the shape and the size of a groove and simultaneously adopting a proper welding mode.
Drawings
The invention is further illustrated in the following description with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a groove of a thick plate aluminum alloy welding test plate in the welding method of the aluminum alloy medium plate of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a gas hole distribution diagram of a welding joint welding seam area of the welding method of the aluminum alloy medium plate of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a gas hole ratio and size distribution diagram of a welding seam area of a welding joint in the welding method of the aluminum alloy medium plate of the invention;
FIG. 4 is an EBSD (Electron Back-scattered diffraction) image of the weld zone microstructure of the welding joint of the welding method for the aluminum alloy medium plate.
Detailed Description
The embodiment discloses a welding method of an aluminum alloy medium plate, wherein an ER5087 wire is selected for carrying out a 7A52 aluminum alloy welding experiment with the thickness of 40 mm. The technical solution of the present invention is described in detail with reference to the specific examples.
Example 1
In this embodiment, a groove designed by the present invention is used to perform a welding experiment of 7a52 aluminum alloy with a thickness of 40mm, wherein the groove is characterized as shown in fig. 1, and the truncated edge is 2mm.
The groove is polished before welding, a surface oxidation film is removed, oil stain is removed by acetone, and the temperature between channels is controlled to be less than or equal to 60 ℃ in the welding process so as to reduce the deformation.
The welding process parameters are shown in table 1, the pulse welding mode is adopted for bottoming, and the CMT + P welding mode is adopted for filling.
The air holes in the welding seam area are distributed as shown in figure 2, the number of the air holes in the welding seam area is small, the size is small, and macroscopic air holes and cracks are not generated; randomly selecting 20 areas in the welding seam area for pore statistics, wherein the result is shown in fig. 3, the porosity of the welding seam area is 0.85%, and the grain diameter of pores is mainly concentrated below 20 μm;
the weld zone structure grows in an equiaxial shape (as shown in figure 4), the average grain size is about 32 mu m, and because ER5087 contains rare earth element Zr, nano-scale Al is precipitated in the weld zone in the solidification process 3 Zr, the particles are completely coherent with the matrix, can refine crystal grains and improve the joint strength. The tensile strength of the welded joint is 325MPa, and the joint strength coefficient is 0.79.
TABLE 1 7A52 aluminium alloy welding process parameters
Example 2
In this embodiment, a groove designed by the present invention is used for a 40mm thick 7a52 aluminum alloy welding experiment, and the groove is shown in fig. 1, and the truncated edge is 2mm. The groove is polished before the experiment, a surface oxidation film is removed, surface oil stain is removed by acetone, and the temperature between channels is controlled to be less than or equal to 70 ℃ in the welding process. The welding process parameters are shown in table 2, the pulse (P) mode is adopted for priming, and the CMT + P mode is adopted for filling. Randomly selecting 20 areas in the welding seam area for pore statistics, wherein the porosity is 0.72%, and the pore grain size is mainly concentrated at 10-15 μm; the structure of the welding seam area is equiaxial, and a large amount of nano-grade Al appears 3 Zr phase, refining weld grains, and the average grain size is about 26 μm, thereby obviously improving the strength of the joint. In this example, the tensile strength of the joint was 336MPa, and the joint strength factor was 0.82.
TABLE 2 7A52 aluminium alloy welding process parameters
Example 3
In this embodiment, a groove designed by the present invention is used for a 40mm thick 7a52 aluminum alloy welding experiment, and the groove is shown in fig. 1, and the truncated edge is 3mm. Before the experiment, the groove is polished to remove the surface oxidation film, and the surface oil stain is removed by acetone, and the temperature between the channels is controlled to be less than or equal to 70 ℃ in the welding process. The welding process parameters are shown in table 3, the pulse welding mode is adopted for bottoming, and the CMT + P welding mode is adopted for filling. And (3) randomly selecting 20 areas in the welding seam area for pore statistics, wherein the porosity is 0.67%, and the pore grain diameter is mainly concentrated at 15-20 mu m. The average grain size of the weld zone was about 28 μm. The welded joint has excellent tensile property, the tensile strength is 327MPa, and the joint strength coefficient reaches 0.80.
TABLE 3 7A52 aluminium alloy welding process parameters
Example 4
In this embodiment, a groove designed by the present invention is used for a welding experiment of 7a52 aluminum alloy with a thickness of 40mm, and the groove is shown in fig. 1, and the truncated edge is 4mm. Polishing the groove before welding to remove an oxide film on the surface, removing oil stain on the surface by using acetone, and controlling the temperature between channels to be less than or equal to 80 ℃ in the welding process. The welding process parameters are shown in table 4, the pulse welding mode is adopted for the backing, and the CMT + P welding mode is adopted for the filling. After welding, 20 areas are randomly selected in a welding seam area for pore statistics, the porosity is 0.98%, the pore size is small, and the pore statistics is mainly concentrated below 15 mu m. Due to the increase of welding current, the grains in the welding seam area grow up, the average grain size is about 35 mu m, and Al in the structure 3 The Zr phase coarsened and increased in size. The tensile strength of the welded joint is 322MPa, and the joint strength coefficient is reduced to 0.78.
TABLE 4 7A52 aluminium alloy welding process parameters
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used for convenience of description only, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
The above embodiments are only for describing the preferred mode of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements of the technical solution of the present invention by those skilled in the art should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A welding method of an aluminum alloy medium plate is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
1) Selecting an aluminum alloy plate with the thickness of 20-40 mm;
2) And groove machining: the groove of the welding test plate is combined by a double V shape and a U shape, and the truncated edge of the groove is 2 mm-4 mm; wherein the front surface is a double V-shaped groove, and the angles are respectively 130-150 degrees and 50-70 degrees; the back is a U-shaped groove with an angle of 50-70 degrees and a round angle of R5; the groove gap is less than or equal to 1mm;
3) The bottoming welding bead adopts a pulse (P) welding mode, the welding current is 210-280A, the welding voltage is 22.3-24.5V, and the wire feeding speed is 12.7-18 m/min;
the filling welding bead adopts a cold metal transition technology (CMT) and pulse (P) welding mode, the welding current is 210A-240A, the welding voltage is 21.7V-22.5V, the wire feeding speed is 11.8 m/min-13.0 m/min, and the welding speed is 0.3 m/min-0.48 m/min.
2. The method for welding an aluminum alloy medium plate according to claim 1, wherein: and (3) polishing the groove before welding, removing an oxide film on the surface, removing oil stain by using acetone, and controlling the temperature between the channels to be less than or equal to 80 ℃ in the welding process so as to reduce the deformation.
3. The method for welding an aluminum alloy medium plate according to claim 1, wherein: at the time of welding, 50% He +50% Ar is used with a protective gas, the gas flow is 16-22L/min, the inter-track temperature is ≤ 80 deg.C.
4. The method for welding an aluminum alloy medium plate according to claim 1, characterized in that: the aluminum alloy plate is 7A52 high-strength aluminum alloy, the porosity of a welded joint after welding is less than 1%, the tensile strength of the joint is more than or equal to 320MPa, and the strength coefficient of the joint is more than or equal to 0.75.
5. The method for welding an aluminum alloy medium plate according to claim 1, characterized in that: when the groove is machined, the front surface of the groove is a double V-shaped groove, the angles of the double V-shaped groove are 130-150 degrees and 50-70 degrees respectively, the V-shaped groove of 130-150 degrees is arranged at the lower part, and the V-shaped groove of 50-70 degrees is arranged at the upper part.
6. The method for welding an aluminum alloy medium plate according to claim 5, wherein: when the groove is machined, the front surface of the groove is a double V-shaped groove, and the angles of the groove are 140 degrees and 60 degrees respectively.
7. The method for welding an aluminum alloy medium plate according to claim 1, characterized in that: when the groove is machined, the back surface of the groove is a U-shaped groove, the bottom of the groove is of a round angle structure, and the angle of the side wall of the groove is 60 degrees.
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