CN115319235B - Welding method of aluminum alloy medium plate - Google Patents
Welding method of aluminum alloy medium plate Download PDFInfo
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- CN115319235B CN115319235B CN202210570681.XA CN202210570681A CN115319235B CN 115319235 B CN115319235 B CN 115319235B CN 202210570681 A CN202210570681 A CN 202210570681A CN 115319235 B CN115319235 B CN 115319235B
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 103
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000037452 priming Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001887 electron backscatter diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/02—Seam welding; Backing means; Inserts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K33/00—Specially-profiled edge portions of workpieces for making soldering or welding connections; Filling the seams formed thereby
- B23K33/004—Filling of continuous seams
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/16—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas
- B23K9/173—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas and of a consumable electrode
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/235—Preliminary treatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
- B23K2103/10—Aluminium or alloys thereof
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Arc Welding In General (AREA)
- Butt Welding And Welding Of Specific Article (AREA)
Abstract
The application discloses a welding method of an aluminum alloy medium plate, and belongs to the field of material processing. The welding test plate groove adopts the combination of double V shapes and U shapes, and the blunt edge is 2 mm-4 mm. Wherein: the angles of the front double V-shaped grooves are 140 degrees and 60 degrees respectively, the angle of the back U-shaped groove is 60 degrees, the round angle is R5, and the groove gap is less than or equal to 1mm. The welding method is suitable for welding the 7A52 high-strength aluminum alloy with the thickness of 20-40 mm, the porosity of a welding joint is less than 1%, the tensile strength of the joint is more than or equal to 320MPa, and the strength coefficient of the joint is more than or equal to 0.75. The groove shape and the groove size are flexibly designed aiming at the problems in the welding process of the aluminum alloy medium plate, the air hole escape distance is reduced, the air hole escape time is increased, the number of air holes in a welding line is effectively reduced by combining a cold metal transition and pulse welding technology, the softening size of a heat affected zone is reduced, welding line grains are thinned, and a welding line joint with higher strength is obtained. The tensile strength of the welding joint is more than or equal to 322MPa, the strength coefficient of the welding joint is more than or equal to 0.75, and the welding method has great potential in the welding of the medium-thickness plate aluminum alloy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of material processing, in particular to a welding method of an aluminum alloy medium plate.
Background
The aluminum alloy is widely applied to the fields of airplane fuselage structures, special vehicles, railway transportation, low-temperature pressure containers and the like due to the characteristics of low density, higher strength, good corrosion resistance, excellent fracture toughness and the like. Welding is an important manufacturing technique, a "melt resolidification" process. In the process, because the aluminum alloy has low melting point and high heat conductivity coefficient, the defects of air holes, cracks, unfused and the like are very easy to occur in the welding line; meanwhile, the weld joint structure has coarse grains, and the heat affected zone is seriously softened, so that the mechanical property of the welded joint is reduced. Particularly for welding an aluminum alloy medium plate (20-40 mm), the cooling speed of a molten pool is higher, and the air hole problem and the heat affected zone softening problem are more serious and cannot be solved all the time.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a welding method of an aluminum alloy medium plate, which solves the problems in the background technology existing in the welding of the conventional aluminum alloy medium plate.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
The invention provides a welding method of an aluminum alloy medium plate, which comprises the following steps:
1) Selecting an aluminum alloy plate with the thickness of 20-40 mm;
2) Groove processing: the welding test plate groove is combined with a double V shape and a U shape, and the blunt edge is 2 mm-4 mm; wherein the front surface is provided with a double V-shaped groove, and the angles of the double V-shaped groove are 130-150 degrees and 50-70 degrees respectively; the back surface is a U-shaped groove, the angle of the groove is 50-70 degrees, and the round angle of the groove is R5; the gap of the groove is less than or equal to 1mm;
3) The priming weld bead adopts a pulse (P) welding mode, the welding current is 210A-280A, the welding voltage is 22.3V-24.5V, and the wire feeding speed is 12.7 m/min-18 m/min;
4) The filling weld bead adopts a cold metal transition technology (CMT) +pulse (P) welding mode, the welding current is 210A-240A, the welding voltage is 21.7V-22.5V, the wire feeding speed is 11.8 m/min-13.0 m/min, and the welding speed is 0.3 m/min-0.48 m/min.
In this example, in step 2), the groove size and shape are designed such that the larger the groove angle, the smaller the vent escape distance. For the test plate with larger groove angle, the height of the welding bead is smaller, and the escape distance of the air holes is smaller, so that the probability of air holes escaping is increased, and the fewer air holes remain in the welding seam, the number of the air holes can be effectively reduced; wherein, the air hole escape distance is reduced, and the air hole escape time is increased, thereby reducing the number of air holes in the welding joint.
In the embodiment, the priming welding bead in the step 3) adopts a pulse (P) welding mode, and the pulse current consists of a base value current and a peak value current, so that the penetration of welding can be ensured, and the defects of unfused and incomplete penetration can be reduced by adopting a larger current;
The cold metal transition technology (CMT) +pulse (P) can effectively reduce welding heat input, reduce deformation of an aluminum alloy plate, has good stirring molten pool effect, can reduce the generation of air hole defects, and achieves the effects of refining weld grains and improving weld strength.
In this embodiment, it is further preferable to polish the groove before welding, remove the surface oxide film, remove the oil dirt with acetone, and control the temperature between the grooves to be less than or equal to 80 ℃ during the welding process to reduce the deformation.
In this embodiment, it is still further preferable that the shielding gas is 50% He+50% Ar, the gas flow rate is 16 to 22L/min, and the inter-track temperature is not more than 80 ℃.
In this embodiment, it is still further preferable that the aluminum alloy plate is a 7a52 high-strength aluminum alloy, the porosity of the welded joint after welding is less than 1%, the tensile strength of the joint is not less than 320MPa, and the coefficient of the joint strength is not less than 0.75.
In this embodiment, it is further preferable that the groove is processed with a double V-groove on the front face, with angles of 130 ° to 150 °,50 ° to 70 °, and with 130 ° to 150 ° V-groove down, 50 ° to 70 ° V-groove up.
In this embodiment, it is still further preferable that the groove is formed with a double "V" groove on its front face, and the angles are 140 ° and 60 °, respectively.
In this embodiment, it is still further preferable that the back surface is a "U" groove, the bottom is a rounded structure, and the sidewall angle is 60 ° at the time of groove processing.
Compared with the prior art, the application has the beneficial technical effects that: according to the application, through designing the size and shape of the groove, the escape distance of the air holes is reduced, and the escape time of the air holes is prolonged, so that the number of the air holes in the welding joint is reduced; the priming weld bead adopts a pulse (P) welding mode, the pulse current consists of a basic value current and a peak value current, and the larger current can ensure the penetration of welding and reduce the defects of incomplete fusion and incomplete penetration; the cold metal transition technology (CMT) +pulse (P) can effectively reduce the welding heat input, reduce the deformation, has good stirring molten pool effect, can reduce the generation of air hole defects, refine weld grains and improve the weld strength; aiming at the phenomenon of lower mechanical properties of the joint caused by the problems of air holes, cracks, unfused and softened heat affected zone and the like in the conventional welding process of the aluminum alloy medium plate, the application obtains the welded joint with excellent mechanical properties by reasonably designing the shape and the size of the groove and adopting a proper welding mode.
Drawings
The invention is further described with reference to the following description of the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a thick plate aluminum alloy welding test plate groove of the welding method of the aluminum alloy medium plate;
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing pore distribution of weld zones of a welded joint in the method for welding an aluminum alloy medium plate according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing pore ratio and size distribution of weld zone of welded joint in the method for welding an aluminum alloy medium plate according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an EBSD chart of the microstructure of the weld zone of the welded joint in the welding method of the aluminum alloy medium plate of the invention.
Detailed Description
The embodiment discloses a welding method of an aluminum alloy medium plate, wherein ER5087 wires are selected for carrying out a welding experiment of a 7A52 aluminum alloy with the thickness of 40 mm. The technical scheme of the invention is described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.
Example 1
In the embodiment, the groove designed by the invention is adopted to carry out a welding experiment of a 7A52 aluminum alloy with the thickness of 40mm, wherein the characteristics of the groove are shown in figure 1, and the blunt edge is 2mm.
Polishing the groove before welding to remove the surface oxide film, removing oil stains by using acetone, and controlling the temperature between the grooves to be less than or equal to 60 ℃ in the welding process so as to reduce the deformation.
The welding process parameters are shown in table 1, the priming adopts a pulse welding mode, and the filling adopts a cmt+p welding mode.
The distribution of weld gas holes is shown in figure 2, the number of weld gas holes is small, the size is small, and macroscopic gas holes and cracks are not generated; randomly selecting 20 areas in the weld zone for air hole statistics, wherein the result is shown in figure 3, the porosity of the weld zone is 0.85%, and the air hole particle size is mainly concentrated below 20 mu m;
The weld zone structure grows in an equiaxed shape (as shown in fig. 4), the average grain size is about 32 mu m, and because the ER5087 contains rare earth element Zr, nano-grade Al 3 Zr is precipitated in the weld zone in the solidification process, and the particles and the matrix are completely coherent, so that the grains can be refined, and the joint strength can be improved. The tensile strength of the welded joint is 325MPa, and the joint strength coefficient is 0.79.
Table 17 a52 aluminium alloy welding process parameters
Example 2
In the embodiment, the groove designed by the invention is adopted to carry out a welding experiment of a 7A52 aluminum alloy with the thickness of 40mm, and the groove is shown in figure 1, and the blunt edge is 2mm. Polishing the groove before the experiment, removing the surface oxide film, removing the surface oil stain by using acetone, and controlling the temperature between the grooves to be less than or equal to 70 ℃ in the welding process. The welding process parameters are shown in Table 2, the priming is in pulse (P) mode and the filling is in CMT+P mode. Randomly selecting 20 areas in a welding line area to carry out air hole statistics, wherein the porosity is 0.72%, and the air hole particle size is mainly concentrated at 10-15 mu m; the weld zone structure is equiaxed, a large amount of nano Al 3 Zr phases appear, weld grains are refined, the average grain size is about 26 mu m, and the joint strength is obviously improved. In this example, the tensile strength of the joint was 336MPa, and the joint strength coefficient was 0.82.
Table 27 a52 aluminium alloy welding process parameters
Example 3
In the embodiment, the groove designed by the invention is adopted to carry out a welding experiment of a 7A52 aluminum alloy with the thickness of 40mm, and the groove is shown in figure 1, and the blunt edge is 3mm. Polishing the groove before the experiment, removing the surface oxide film, removing the surface oil stain by using acetone, and controlling the temperature between the grooves to be less than or equal to 70 ℃ in the welding process. The welding process parameters are shown in Table 3, the priming adopts a pulse welding mode, and the filling adopts a CMT+P welding mode. And (3) carrying out air hole statistics on 20 areas selected at random in the welding seam area, wherein the porosity is 0.67%, and the air hole particle size is mainly concentrated at 15-20 mu m. The average grain size of the weld zone was about 28 μm. The welded joint has excellent tensile property, the tensile strength is 327MPa, and the joint strength coefficient reaches 0.80.
Table 37 a52 aluminium alloy welding process parameters
Example 4
In the embodiment, the groove designed by the invention is adopted to carry out a welding experiment of a 7A52 aluminum alloy with the thickness of 40mm, and the groove is shown in figure 1, and the blunt edge is 4mm. Polishing the groove before welding, removing the surface oxide film, removing the surface oil stain by using acetone, and controlling the temperature between the grooves to be less than or equal to 80 ℃ in the welding process. The welding process parameters are shown in Table 4, the priming adopts a pulse welding mode, and the filling adopts a CMT+P welding mode. And after welding, randomly selecting 20 areas in a welding line area to carry out air hole statistics, wherein the porosity is 0.98%, the air hole size is smaller, and the air holes are mainly concentrated below 15 mu m. As the welding current increases, the grains of the welding area grow up, the average grain size is about 35 mu m, the Al 3 Zr phase in the structure coarsens, and the size increases. The tensile strength of the welded joint is 322MPa, and the joint strength coefficient is reduced to 0.78.
Table 4 7a52 aluminium alloy welding process parameters
In the description of the invention, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal," "transverse," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like indicate or are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, merely to facilitate describing the invention, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the invention.
The foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains should fall within the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims without departing from the spirit of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. A welding method of an aluminum alloy medium plate is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
1) Selecting an aluminum alloy plate, wherein the thickness of the aluminum alloy plate is 20-40 mm;
2) Groove processing: the welding test plate groove is formed by combining a double V shape and a U shape, and the blunt edge of the welding test plate groove is 2 mm-4 mm; wherein the front surface is provided with double V-shaped grooves, the angles of the double V-shaped grooves are 130-150 degrees and 50-70 degrees respectively, the V-shaped groove of 130-150 degrees is arranged below, and the V-shaped groove of 50-70 degrees is arranged above; the back surface is a U-shaped groove, the angle of the groove is 50-70 degrees, and the round angle of the groove is R5; the gap of the groove is less than or equal to 1mm;
3) The priming welding bead adopts a pulse (P) welding mode, welding current 210A-280A, welding voltage 22.3V-24.5V and wire feeding speed 12.7 m/min-18 m/min;
the filling weld bead adopts a cold metal transition technology (CMT) +pulse (P) welding mode, welding current 210A-240A, welding voltage 21.7V-22.5V, wire feeding speed 11.8 m/min-13.0 m/min and welding speed 0.3 m/min-0.48 m/min.
2. The welding method of an aluminum alloy medium plate according to claim 1, wherein: polishing the groove before welding to remove the surface oxide film, removing oil stains by using acetone, and controlling the temperature between the grooves to be less than or equal to 80 ℃ in the welding process so as to reduce the deformation.
3. The welding method of an aluminum alloy medium plate according to claim 1, wherein: during welding, the shielding gas is 50% He+50% Ar, the gas flow is 16-22L/min, and the inter-channel temperature is less than or equal to 80 ℃.
4. The welding method of an aluminum alloy medium plate according to claim 1, wherein: the aluminum alloy plate is 7A52 high-strength aluminum alloy, the porosity of a welded joint is less than 1%, the tensile strength of the joint is more than or equal to 320MPa, and the strength coefficient of the joint is more than or equal to 0.75.
5. The welding method of an aluminum alloy medium plate according to claim 1, wherein: when the groove is processed, the front surface of the groove is a double V-shaped groove, and the angles of the groove are 140 degrees and 60 degrees respectively.
6. The welding method of an aluminum alloy medium plate according to claim 1, wherein: in groove processing, the back surface of the groove is a U-shaped groove, the bottom of the groove is of a round corner structure, and the side wall angle of the groove is 60 degrees.
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