CN115308621B - Multi-signal embeddable lithium ion battery electrochemical impedance spectrum testing device and method - Google Patents
Multi-signal embeddable lithium ion battery electrochemical impedance spectrum testing device and method Download PDFInfo
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000001453 impedance spectrum Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000157 electrochemical-induced impedance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007781 pre-processing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000013401 experimental design Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005518 electrochemistry Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003631 expected effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007779 soft material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/385—Arrangements for measuring battery or accumulator variables
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/367—Software therefor, e.g. for battery testing using modelling or look-up tables
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/389—Measuring internal impedance, internal conductance or related variables
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The invention relates to a multi-signal embeddable lithium ion battery electrochemical impedance spectrum testing device and a method, comprising the following steps: s1:220V alternating current is changed into a direct current low-voltage heavy current power supply through a switching power supply; s2: because the device has embeddability and the excitation signal and the reference signal have good consistency, the impedance test can be performed under seamless switching in an embedded system, and the experimental design of the battery charge and discharge test can be flexibly performed; s3: different excitation current signals correspond to different response voltage signals generated in the lithium ion battery; s4: the 'variable intelligent optimization algorithm' capable of processing the variation of the period and time-varying signals is provided, so that the processing flexibility and the efficiency are greatly improved. The invention is not only small and convenient, can measure the electrochemical impedance spectrum on line, and ensures the stable operation under the condition of not interfering the battery electrode system, but also can be flexibly embedded into different systems to achieve voltage limiting and constant current, and can adjust the signal type and amplitude according to the working condition.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of lithium ion battery detection, in particular to a multi-signal embeddable lithium ion battery electrochemical impedance spectrum testing device and method, which can be embedded into different working conditions or systems, flexibly select signal types and amplitude values, and further adjust the excitation and response.
Background
Under the dual pressures of environmental pollution and shortage of fossil soft materials, people have to consider green clean energy sources mainly comprising solar energy, hydroelectric power generation, wind energy and geothermal energy. Also, green energy is climate-limited, and therefore, further development of energy storage technology is required so that energy can be better utilized. The single battery taking the lithium ion battery as the main battery has the advantages of high energy density, long service life, combinability, no pollution and the like, and becomes the first choice of energy storage devices in various industries.
However, various problems occur during the use of lithium ion batteries, such as: capacity reduction, discharge plateau drop, thermal runaway, etc. However, since lithium ion batteries themselves have chemical properties and have complicated working conditions, it becomes difficult to accurately detect the battery state. It is obvious that the simple analysis of voltage and current cannot achieve the expected effect, and Electrochemical Impedance (EIS) is used as an electrochemical diagnostic tool, which has the advantages of wide frequency, high precision, no damage to electrode systems, and the like, and has been widely applied to new energy sources, electrochemistry and natural science. The technology not only can explore the internal electrochemical impedance reaction mechanism of the lithium ion battery, but also can monitor the state of the battery through the obtained electrochemical impedance, for example: capacity state, lithium precipitation state, health state, etc.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention relates to the field of lithium ion battery detection, in particular to a multi-signal embeddable lithium ion battery electrochemical impedance testing device which can submerge in multiple scenes and multiple working conditions, adjust signal types and amplitude values according to different systems, collect excitation current and response voltage under different conditions, and finally obtain corresponding electrochemical impedance spectrums through data processing.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the multi-signal embeddable lithium ion battery electrochemical impedance spectrum testing device is characterized by comprising a switching power supply: converting 220V alternating current into a direct current low-voltage high-current power supply;
linear excitation power supply: the signal generator is connected, and can generate corresponding excitation current signals according to different reference signals and adjust the amplitude of the excitation signals;
the signal acquisition processing unit: and collecting excitation current signals and response voltage signals, and processing the signals based on a variable intelligent optimization algorithm for processing the changes of the variable period and the variable time signals to obtain the electrochemical impedance of the battery.
In the test device, the linear excitation power supply comprises
A current assembly: the control circuit is used for collecting load current and controlling output current;
a voltage component: the device is used for collecting output voltage and limiting the output voltage;
peripheral components: the control circuit is used for connecting the current component and the voltage component and realizing pull-up control output.
In the above test device, as shown in fig. 2, the current component includes a current feedback unit and a current PID, where the current feedback unit includes a current acquisition circuit formed by a current transformer acquisition chip U1 and a driving circuit of an operational amplifier U2, and the current PID includes a control circuit formed by a reference signal input and a comparator U5;
the voltage component comprises a voltage feedback unit and a voltage PID, wherein the voltage feedback unit comprises a voltage acquisition circuit formed by connecting R8 with an operational amplifier U3 driving circuit through partial pressure acquisition of R7 and R6, and the voltage PID comprises a reference source Vref and a control circuit formed by a comparator U4;
the peripheral component comprises an MOS tube, a pull-up control circuit and a reference source circuit;
the electrochemical impedance spectrum testing method for the lithium ion battery adopts the device and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the linear excitation power supply generates corresponding excitation current signals according to different reference signals, and meanwhile, the amplitude of the excitation signals can be adjusted according to different conditions;
different excitation current signals are input into the lithium ion battery, and different response voltage signals can be generated in the lithium ion battery;
the signal acquisition processing unit acquires the excitation current signal and the response voltage signal, and simultaneously processes the signals based on a variable intelligent optimization algorithm for processing the changes of the variable period and the variable time signals to obtain the electrochemical impedance of the battery.
In the above-described test method, the test sample,
the linear excitation power supply control comprises a voltage-limited and current-controlled dual-cycle control, wherein,
the voltage limiting is to collect the voltage on the R7 and R6 voltage dividing resistors as feedback, and then U4 adjusts the reference voltage signal, so that the voltage limiting can be effectively realized;
the current control is realized by collecting a current signal generated after the load battery is connected, converting the current signal into a voltage signal through R10 as feedback, and then adjusting an input signal on U5;
the NMOS tube Q1 is conducted in the forward direction, and the feedback signal type is adjusted through the pull-up resistor R4, so that the current control voltage limit is realized; q2 adopts that the PMOS tube is reversely conducted, the input is a periodic signal, and the PMOS tube can be conducted when the input is low; the control aspects Q2 and Q1 are reversed so that a discharge test of the battery can be added during the test. The seamless switching of a periodic signal is realized through the coordination between different battery states of the Q1 and the Q2, so that impedance data in the switching state is obtained, and the impedance condition of the lithium ion battery under different working conditions can be well simulated; and adjusting the voltage PID and the current PID of the excitation power supply to obtain a cleaner signal.
In the above-described test method, the test sample,
connecting a lithium ion battery to be tested to an output end of an excitation power supply;
the voltage and current were tested separately using a four-wire test.
The testing method comprises the following steps of
Applying an excitation signal X to the electrode system, generating a response signal Y;
synchronously collecting excitation and response signals in a time domain;
preprocessing the collected signals to eliminate noise and clutter;
the acquired excitation and response signals are processed separately, and the calculation formula for the sampling frequency (Fs) is as follows:
wherein the method comprises the steps ofa=1+ (N/X) · (i-1), i is a natural number. N is the original data length, X is the data length to be processed, and N/X is the data of each fractional data point.
Calculating a new combined data point N':
where a=1+ (N/X) · (i-1), i is a natural number, the number N of data points is measured, the point X needs to be processed, the number N/X of each partial data point can be known, the data point is divided into X parts, each part of N/X points, and the divided points are averaged and combined into a new N'. X can be kept consistent.
Obtaining data of X (omega) and Y (omega) after a variable intelligent optimization algorithm, and obtaining electrochemical impedance under corresponding frequency through mathematical operation:
Z(ω)＝X(ω)/Y(ω)；
wherein X (ω) is voltage data, Y (ω) is current data, and Z (ω) is current data;
in the test method, for the small-range mean value screening, as the processed data all contain harmonic components and the amplitude is sequentially decreased, the maximum harmonic frequency is set as Y, the amplitude is extracted, and the amplitude smaller than the Y harmonic is set at 0.
In the test method, the obtained impedance data are plotted to obtain a Nyquist diagram, a Bode diagram and a DRT diagram.
In the above-described test method, the test sample,
for an impedance Nyquist diagram, the semi-circle trend between the middle frequency and the high frequency is from small to large, so that the impedance of the battery is increased;
for the baud chart, comparing the amplitude and the phase angle change degree of the data under the frequency, wherein different frequencies and different battery states correspond to different amplitude and phase angles;
the overlapping parts in the frequency response can be well distinguished, and the maximum value under different time constants is displayed, for example, the peak and the time constant which are displayed by different impedance states of the battery are different. The electrochemical impedance of the cell can be specifically analyzed by comparing the characteristic data in the above figures.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages: (1) Compared with an electrochemical workstation, the invention can flexibly transform according to the reference signal, and can change amplitude and frequency at the same time, thereby obtaining excitation and response under different conditions; (2) The method has embeddability, and can be embedded into different systems according to own requirements, so that ideas and systems are more perfect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a multi-signal embeddable lithium ion battery electrochemical impedance spectroscopy test apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an excitation power panel of a multi-signal embeddable lithium ion battery electrochemical impedance spectrum testing apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of data processing of a multi-signal embeddable lithium ion battery electrochemical impedance spectroscopy test apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a plot of excitation versus response to a lithium ion battery at 100Hz square wave;
FIG. 5 is a plot of the amplitude versus frequency of the excitation and response after Fourier transform at 100Hz square wave;
FIG. 6 is a plot of cell excitation versus response at 100Hz sinusoidal half-wave;
FIG. 7 is a graph of amplitude versus frequency of the excitation and response after Fourier transform at 100Hz sinusoidal half-wave;
FIG. 8 is a view of the Nyquist plot and the Bode plot by rational in ZView;
FIG. 9 is a DRT analysis diagram;
FIG. 10 is a graph of the data presented after passing the "smart optimization algorithm" at 100Hz sinusoidal frequency.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a multi-signal embeddable lithium ion battery electrochemical impedance spectroscopy test apparatus according to the present invention. Comprising
Switching power supply: converting 220V alternating current into a direct current low-voltage high-current power supply;
linear excitation power supply: is connected with a signal generator which can generate corresponding excitation current signals according to different reference signals and adjust the amplitude of the excitation signals, and comprises
The current component comprises a current feedback unit and a current PID, the current feedback unit comprises a current acquisition circuit formed by a current mutual inductance acquisition chip U1 and an operational amplifier U2 driving circuit, and the current PID comprises a control circuit formed by a base reference signal input and a comparator U5;
the voltage component comprises a voltage feedback unit and a voltage PID, wherein the voltage feedback unit comprises a voltage acquisition circuit formed by connecting R8 with an operational amplifier U3 driving circuit through partial pressure acquisition of R7 and R6, and the voltage PID comprises a reference source Vref and a control circuit formed by a comparator U4;
the peripheral component comprises an MOS tube, a pull-up control circuit and a reference source circuit; ,
the signal acquisition processing unit: and collecting excitation current signals and response voltage signals, and processing the signals based on a variable intelligent optimization algorithm for processing the changes of the variable period and the variable time signals to obtain the electrochemical impedance of the battery.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an excitation power panel of a multi-signal embeddable lithium ion battery electrochemical impedance spectrum testing apparatus according to the present invention:
s1: as shown in fig. 2, the excitation power supply control is divided into two parts, namely voltage limiting and current controlling, so as to realize double-cycle control;
s2: the voltage limiting is to collect the voltage on the R7 and R6 voltage dividing resistors as feedback, and then U4 adjusts the reference voltage signal, so that the voltage limiting can be effectively realized;
s3: the current control is realized by collecting a current signal generated after a load (battery) is connected, converting the current signal into a voltage signal through R10 as feedback, and then adjusting an input signal on U5;
s4: the Q1 adopts an NMOS tube, the voltage limiting and the current controlling are regulated through a pull-up resistor R4, meanwhile, the lowest conducting voltage of the MOS tube is also noted, and the input and pull-up resistor voltages are flexibly regulated;
s5: the Q2 adopts a PMOS tube, and is opposite to the Q1 in control aspect, so that the discharge test of the battery can be added in the test process.
S6: because the testing device has good embedding property, and meanwhile, the excitation signal can be well consistent with the reference signal and has high response speed (more than 20KHz at maximum), the testing experiment is not only the combination of signal type replacement and charging and discharging modes, but also the impedance test can be performed under seamless switching in an embedded system, and the continuous experimental design of seamless switching can be performed according to requirements. The seamless switching of a periodic signal is realized through the coordination between different battery states of the Q1 and the Q2, so that impedance data in the switching state is obtained, and the impedance condition of the lithium ion battery under different working conditions can be well simulated;
s7: in order to make the excitation and response signals more stable, the voltage PID and current PID of the excitation power supply can be adjusted to obtain a cleaner signal.
Fig. 3 is a flow chart of data processing of a multi-signal embeddable lithium ion battery electrochemical impedance spectrum testing apparatus according to the present invention:
s8: as shown in fig. 3, applying an excitation signal X to the electrode system generates a response signal Y;
s9: synchronously collecting the excitation and response signals, which are signals in the time domain;
s10: firstly, preprocessing the collected signals to eliminate noise, clutter and the like;
s11: the collected excitation and response signals are processed separately to account for uncertainty in the signal in the data processing: the periodic signal or time-varying signal provides a 'variable intelligent optimization algorithm' which can be processed along with the change of the periodic signal and the time-varying signal. The optimization modes such as acquisition depth optimization, small-range mean value screening, threshold value comparison processing and the like are added in the algorithm.
The data acquisition depth directly affects the magnitude and frequency of the processed data, and the calculation formula for the sampling frequency (Fs) is as follows:
wherein the method comprises the steps ofa=1+ (N/X) · (i-1), i is a natural number. Wherein N is the original data length, X is the data length to be processed, N/X is each minuteNumber of data points.
For small-range mean screening, the frequency of signals in the test process is different, so that the acquisition depth is different in the data acquisition process, the consistency of data points processed each time cannot be maintained, and the small-range mean screening is adopted to ensure the consistency of the data points processed each time. The calculation formula for the new combined data point N' is as follows:
where a=1+ (N/X) · (i-1), i is a natural number, the number N of data points is measured, the point X needs to be processed, and the number N/X of each fractional data point is known, at this time, we need to divide the data point into X parts, N/X points each, and average the divided parts to combine into a new N'. X is consistent.
For small-range mean screening, the problem of overlapping caused by a large number of processed data points is solved. The processed data contains harmonic components and the amplitude is gradually decreased, so that the maximum harmonic frequency is Y, the amplitude is extracted, and the amplitude smaller than the Y harmonic frequency is set to 0.
The problems that only single-period signals, time-invariant signals, information extraction and the like can be processed are solved well, flexible processing and screening can be carried out along with excitation signals, and processing efficiency is greatly improved;
s12: after signal transformation, obtaining data of frequency domain signals X (omega) and Y (omega), and obtaining electrochemical impedance under corresponding frequency through mathematical operation: z (ω) =x (ω)/Y (ω);
s13: the obtained impedance data are plotted: nyquist plot, baud plot and DRT plot. The characteristic of the impedance Nyquist diagram is that a semicircle with a trend exists, and the state condition of the battery can be obtained by observing the semicircle change between medium frequency and high frequency, if the semicircle value is larger and larger, the impedance of the battery is increased; the baud chart is used for comparing the amplitude and phase angle change of the data under the frequency, and different frequencies and different battery states can correspond to different amplitude and phase angles; the DRT graph can well distinguish overlapping portions in the frequency response, and shows a maximum value under different time constants, for example, the peak and the time constant of different impedance states of the battery can be different. The electrochemical impedance of the cell can be specifically analyzed by comparing the characteristic data in the above figures.
It should be understood that parts of the specification not specifically set forth herein are all prior art.
It should be understood that the foregoing description of the preferred embodiments is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, but rather to limit the scope of the claims, and that those skilled in the art can make substitutions or modifications without departing from the scope of the invention as set forth in the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. The multi-signal embeddable lithium ion battery electrochemical impedance spectrum testing device is characterized by comprising
Switching power supply: converting 220V alternating current into a direct current low-voltage high-current power supply;
linear excitation power supply: the signal generator is connected, and can generate corresponding excitation current signals according to different reference signals and adjust the amplitude of the excitation signals;
the signal acquisition processing unit: collecting excitation current signals and response voltage signals, and processing the signals based on a random intelligent optimization algorithm for processing the changes of the random period and the time-varying signals to obtain electrochemical impedance of the battery;
the intelligent optimization algorithm with variation specifically comprises the following steps:
applying an excitation signal X to the electrode system, generating a response signal Y;
synchronously collecting excitation and response signals in a time domain;
preprocessing the collected signals to eliminate noise and clutter;
the acquired excitation and response signals are processed separately, and the calculation formula for the sampling frequency (Fs) is as follows:
wherein the method comprises the steps ofi is a natural number; n is the original data length, X is the data length to be processed, and N/X is the data of each data point;
calculating a new combined data point N':
wherein a=1+ (N/X) · (i-1), i is a natural number, the number N of data points is measured, the point X is required to be processed, the number N/X of each data point is known, the data point is divided into X parts, each part of N/X points, and the divided points are divided into sections and averaged to form new N'; x can maintain consistency;
obtaining data of X (omega) and Y (omega) after a variable intelligent optimization algorithm, and obtaining electrochemical impedance under corresponding frequency through mathematical operation:
Z(ω)＝X(ω)/Y(ω)；
where X (ω) is voltage data and Y (ω) is current data.
2. The multi-signal embeddable lithium ion battery electrochemical impedance spectroscopy test apparatus of claim 1, wherein the linear excitation power source comprises
A current assembly: the control circuit is used for collecting load current and controlling output current;
a voltage component: the device is used for collecting output voltage and limiting the output voltage;
peripheral components: the control circuit is used for connecting the current component and the voltage component and realizing pull-up control output.
3. The multi-signal embeddable lithium ion battery electrochemical impedance spectrum testing device according to claim 2, wherein the current assembly comprises a current feedback unit and a current PID, the current feedback unit comprises a current acquisition circuit formed by a current mutual inductance acquisition chip U1 and an operational amplifier U2 driving circuit, and the current PID comprises a control circuit formed by a base reference signal input and a comparator U5;
the voltage component comprises a voltage feedback unit and a voltage PID, wherein the voltage feedback unit comprises a voltage acquisition circuit, and the voltage acquisition circuit comprises a resistor R7 and a resistor R6 which are connected in series; one end of the resistor R8 is connected to the connection midpoint of the resistor R7 and the resistor R6, and the other end of the resistor R8 is connected to the operational amplifier U3 driving circuit; the voltage PID comprises a control circuit consisting of a reference source Vref and a comparator U4;
the peripheral component comprises an MOS tube, a pull-up control circuit and a reference source circuit.
4. A method for testing electrochemical impedance spectra of a lithium ion battery using the apparatus of claim 1, comprising:
the linear excitation power supply generates corresponding excitation current signals according to different reference signals, and meanwhile, the amplitude of the excitation signals can be adjusted according to different conditions;
different excitation current signals are input into the lithium ion battery, and different response voltage signals can be generated in the lithium ion battery;
the signal acquisition processing unit acquires an excitation current signal and a response voltage signal, and simultaneously processes the signals based on a variable intelligent optimization algorithm for processing the changes of the signals along with the period and the time variation to obtain the electrochemical impedance of the battery;
the intelligent optimization algorithm with variation specifically comprises the following steps:
applying an excitation signal X to the electrode system, generating a response signal Y;
synchronously collecting excitation and response signals in a time domain;
preprocessing the collected signals to eliminate noise and clutter;
the acquired excitation and response signals are processed separately, and the calculation formula for the sampling frequency (Fs) is as follows:
wherein the method comprises the steps ofi is a natural number; n is the original data length, X is the data length to be processed, and N/X is the data of each data point;
calculating a new combined data point N':
wherein a=1+ (N/X) · (i-1), i is a natural number, the number N of data points is measured, the point X is required to be processed, the number N/X of each data point is known, the data point is divided into X parts, each part of N/X points, and the divided points are divided into sections and averaged to form new N'; x can maintain consistency;
obtaining data of X (omega) and Y (omega) after a variable intelligent optimization algorithm, and obtaining electrochemical impedance under corresponding frequency through mathematical operation:
Z(ω)＝X(ω)/Y(ω)；
where X (ω) is voltage data and Y (ω) is current data.
5. The test method according to claim 4, wherein,
the linear excitation power supply control comprises a voltage-limited and current-controlled dual-cycle control, wherein,
the voltage limiting is to collect the voltage on the voltage dividing resistors of the resistor R7 and the resistor R6 as feedback, and then adjust the reference voltage signal of the comparator U4, so that the voltage limiting can be effectively realized;
the current control is realized by collecting a current signal generated after the load battery is connected, converting the current signal into a voltage signal through a resistor R10 to be used as feedback, and then regulating an input signal on a comparator U5;
the NMOS tube Q1 is conducted in the forward direction, and the feedback signal type is adjusted through the pull-up resistor R4, so that the current control voltage limit is realized; q2 adopts that the PMOS tube is reversely conducted, the input is a periodic signal, and the PMOS tube can be conducted when the input is low; the control aspects Q2 and Q1 are opposite, so that the discharge test of the battery can be added in the test process; the seamless switching of a periodic signal is realized through the coordination between different battery states of the Q1 and the Q2, so that impedance data in the switching state is obtained, and the impedance condition of the lithium ion battery under different working conditions can be well simulated; and regulating the voltage PID and the current PID of the linear excitation power supply to obtain a cleaner signal.
6. The test method according to claim 4, wherein,
connecting a lithium ion battery to be tested to the output end of a linear excitation power supply;
the voltage and current were tested separately using a four-wire test.
7. The method of claim 4, wherein for the small-range mean value screening, since the processed data all contain harmonic components and the amplitudes are sequentially decreased, setting the maximum harmonic order to Y, extracting the amplitudes, and setting the amplitudes smaller than the Y harmonic to 0.
8. The method of testing of claim 4, wherein the resulting impedance data is plotted to yield a nyquist plot, a baud plot, and a DRT plot.
9. The test method according to claim 4, wherein,
for an impedance Nyquist diagram, the semi-circle trend between the middle frequency and the high frequency is from small to large, so that the impedance of the battery is increased;
for the baud chart, comparing the amplitude and the phase angle change degree of the data under the frequency, wherein different frequencies and different battery states correspond to different amplitude and phase angles;
for the DRT graph, the overlapped part in the frequency response is distinguished, the maximum value under different time constants is displayed, and the peak and the time constant which are displayed differently and comprise the impedance states of the battery can be displayed differently.
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