CN112924883A - DC/AC-based battery impedance spectrum online detection system and detection method - Google Patents
DC/AC-based battery impedance spectrum online detection system and detection method Download PDFInfo
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
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- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/389—Measuring internal impedance, internal conductance or related variables
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/385—Arrangements for measuring battery or accumulator variables
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/396—Acquisition or processing of data for testing or for monitoring individual cells or groups of cells within a battery
Abstract
A battery impedance spectrum on-line detection system and detection method based on DC/AC comprises a battery string unit, a DC-AC converter DC/AC and a microcontroller; the power end of the battery string unit is connected to a DC/AC converter, the voltage and current signal output ends of the battery string unit are connected to an ADC (analog-to-digital converter) end of the microcontroller, and the communication end of the DC/AC converter is connected to the communication end of the microcontroller; according to the invention, the excitation signal is coupled into the working DC/AC, and the series battery string unit can still work normally, so that the system can carry out real-time online detection on the equivalent battery to be detected; through the multi-DC/AC cooperative working mode, the influence on the system is minimized or even eliminated, and the normal operation can be continued without changing the external characteristics of the original series power supply system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of battery impedance spectrum online detection, and particularly relates to a DC/AC-based battery impedance spectrum online detection system and a detection method.
Background
With the increasing pressure of the traditional energy, traffic and other industries on the environment year by year, the social demand for new energy is more and more intense. Governments have also come out with a number of policies to encourage and support the rapid development of new energy industries.
In the new energy industry, electrochemical cells are widely used as energy storage devices to provide electricity supply. For example, in a new energy power generation system, a battery is required to be used as energy storage equipment to support a power grid; in a new energy electric automobile, a lithium ion battery is adopted as an automobile power supply; various electrochemical batteries are used as basic power sources in large quantities in energy storage products matched with new energy.
The battery is often required to be used in series and parallel connection to form a series battery system when applied to a new energy scene due to low voltage or low current of the battery. Meanwhile, due to the inconsistency of the single batteries, aging and attenuation of individual batteries in a series system can be accelerated in the using process, and due to improper use or manufacturing problems, intrinsic problems of the individual batteries, such as internal short circuit caused by lithium crystal branch growth, and the like, can easily cause system efficiency reduction, even system failure or even thermal runaway, serious losses such as battery system burnout and the like in severe cases if the intrinsic problems cannot be identified in time. Such problems are often difficult to identify from the external characteristics of the cell, and can only be identified by the electrochemical characteristics inherent in the cell. It is therefore a prerequisite to avoid such problems how to detect the electrochemical properties inherent in each cell in a series cell system.
At present, the nondestructive detection of the electrochemical characteristics of the battery is realized by adopting an impedance spectrum technology and analyzing the electrochemical characteristics in the battery by scanning the impedance spectrum of the battery. However, the traditional method for detecting the battery impedance spectrum usually needs to adopt special equipment to perform off-line detection. The special equipment mainly injects micro-disturbance with different frequencies into the single power supply, detects the response of the micro-disturbance and samples the response to realize detection, so that the precision requirement of a sampling system is very high. Since the frequency range tends to be wide, the equipment for generating a wide frequency range minute signal is very costly and has a limited number of channels that can be detected, taking a lot of time. Meanwhile, the problem of the power supply monomer cannot be found in real time due to the fact that online detection cannot be achieved, and huge missed detection risks exist. Due to the need of off-line detection, the series power system cannot work normally, and the revenue loss is caused, especially in the fields of new energy vehicles and the like, or repeated resource investment is needed to ensure the uninterrupted power supply of the system, so that the system cost is multiplied. The existing impedance spectrum detection device needs to additionally increase an excitation source, so that the investment cost of detection equipment is very high, and the healthy development of a battery product in a new energy industry is not facilitated.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a DC/AC-based battery impedance spectrum online detection system and a detection method, so as to solve the problems.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a battery impedance spectrum on-line detection system based on DC/AC comprises a battery string unit, a DC-AC converter DC/AC and a microcontroller; the power end of the battery string unit is connected to a DC/AC converter, the voltage and current signal output ends of the battery string unit are connected to an ADC (analog-to-digital converter) end of the microcontroller, and the communication end of the DC/AC converter is connected to the communication end of the microcontroller;
the microcontroller is used for acquiring the battery string signals to calculate a battery impedance spectrum;
the battery string unit is used for inputting a voltage signal and a current signal to the microcontroller;
the DC-AC converter DC/AC is used for controlling charging and discharging of the battery string.
Furthermore, the battery string unit comprises N equivalent batteries, wherein N is more than or equal to 1; and the N equivalent batteries are connected in series to form a battery string unit.
Furthermore, the equivalent battery is a battery monomer or a series-parallel combination thereof, or a system formed by series-parallel combination and packaging of batteries; two ends of each equivalent battery in the battery string are respectively connected with a V + end and a V-end of the real-time voltage sampling, and the real-time voltage sampling can collect real-time voltages at two ends of the equivalent batteries and output voltage signals; the battery string unit comprises a real-time current sample, the real-time current sample and the equivalent battery to be tested are in a series relation, and the real-time current flowing through the equivalent battery in series is collected.
Furthermore, N battery voltage signals and real-time current signals output from the battery string enter one or more microcontrollers after passing through the analog-to-digital converter (ADC) for subsequent impedance spectrum calculation.
Further, the DC-AC converter DC/AC is a power electronic device having a unidirectional or bidirectional conversion capability from DC to AC, and can be specifically implemented by an energy storage converter, a photovoltaic inverter, an optical storage integrated machine, a charging pile, and a UPS.
Further, the microcontroller is a separate device or directly adopts a microcontroller which is provided by the DC/AC; when the microcontroller is independent of the DC/AC, the microcontroller can communicate with the DC/AC, and data interaction is carried out between the microcontroller and the DC/AC;
further, the communication method includes: the mode of input and output IO signal line connection is adopted, and a wired communication mode can also be adopted: CAN, RS485, IIC, SPI or wired network; still include the wireless communication mode: wifi, bluetooth, zeegbe, or GPRS.
Further, a detection method of the DC/AC-based battery impedance spectrum online detection system comprises the following steps:
and 3, the microcontroller determines that the DC/AC excitation signal is sent out through communication and then synchronously acquires the real-time current and real-time voltage signals of the equivalent battery at the frequency fs. The collection frequency fs is at least 10 times of the frequency fn of the excitation signal;
step 4, the periodic functions f (t) can be expressed as DC quantity and frequency as the frequency omega of the periodic function0And frequency multiplication (n omega) of the periodic function0) An infinite series of sine or cosine functions of (a):
carrying out fast Fourier decomposition (FFT) on the voltage and current signals of the equivalent battery sampled in real time to obtain sinusoidal voltage and current semaphore U (2 pi f) of the voltage and current at the corresponding fn frequency point and the frequency multiple of the fn frequency pointn)、I(2πfn) (ii) a For linear system, the impedance at the frequency point can be obtained
And (3) completing impedance calculation of all fn frequency points and harmonic frequency points thereof by repeating the wave generation, detection and calculation processes to obtain a required impedance spectrum.
Further, in addition to the FFT algorithm, the calculation also adopts the Goertzel algorithm:
wherein g (k) is the current or voltage sampling result of the kth time, and x (k), x (k-1) and x (k-2) are the current, previous and more previous calculation results respectively.
Furthermore, when a plurality of DC/AC are connected to the same power supply system in parallel, the influence on the power supply system during the operation impedance spectrum detection is eliminated by enabling the sum of the periodic excitation signals coupled by the plurality of DC/AC to be zero.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
the excitation signal is coupled into the DC/AC in work, and the series battery string system can normally work, so that the system can carry out real-time online detection on the equivalent battery to be detected; through a multi-DC/AC cooperative working mode, the influence on the system is minimized or even eliminated, and the normal operation can be continued without changing the external characteristics of the original series power supply system;
the invention is different from the special equipment, needs off-line operation and has limited test channels, and the invention has on-line detection without the limitation of the number of channels, thereby improving the detection efficiency and saving the detection time;
for a battery string with a sampling system, for example, a power supply formed by serially connecting lithium ion batteries, the battery string with the sampling system has a BMS system, and if real-time voltage and current sampling can be realized, the BMS can be directly utilized. Therefore, the invention can greatly reduce the system cost by utilizing the existing device, and even does not need additional investment;
the disturbance input of the invention is realized by using DC/AC without additional energy injection. The cost of testing energy and the expenditure of additional energy equipment are reduced;
different from other off-line disturbance modes which adopt small signals as disturbance sources, the invention adopts the working current or voltage of DC/AC as coupling as an excitation signal, and the signal magnitude can be set according to the sampling requirement, thereby reducing the sampling precision requirement on a sampling system and further reducing the cost of the sampling system;
different from special equipment, the price is high, and the system has low implementation cost.
Drawings
Fig. 1 shows a battery string unit.
FIG. 2 shows a detection system using PCS as an example.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a device for injecting a voltage or current excitation signal into a battery system in real time on line by using a direct current-alternating current (DC/AC) converter as an excitation source and detecting the current and voltage response of the battery system under the excitation signal, and a method for calculating the electrochemical impedance spectrum of a battery according to the voltage, current excitation and response collected by the device. The battery includes, but is not limited to, various electrochemical cells such as lithium batteries, lithium ion batteries, lead acid batteries, and the like.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the equivalent battery is a battery monomer or a series-parallel combination thereof, or a system formed by series-parallel combination and packaging of batteries.
The N equivalent batteries (N is more than or equal to 1) are connected in series to form a battery string, and two ends of each equivalent battery in the battery string are respectively connected with a V + end and a V-end of the real-time voltage sampling. The real-time voltage sampling can acquire real-time voltages at two ends of the equivalent battery, perform necessary signal processing and output voltage signals. The battery string comprises a real-time current sample, the real-time current sample and the equivalent battery to be tested are in a series connection relation, and the battery string comprises a current sensor and a necessary signal processing part and is responsible for collecting the real-time current flowing through the equivalent battery to be connected in series. Since the current of the series system is equal everywhere, the real-time current sampling is placed at any position of the series branch in any number, and the obtained one or more current signals are equal. The battery string therefore outputs N equivalent battery voltage and real-time current signals in series. Fig. 1 shows a battery string system in which a real-time current sample is connected in series.
The N battery voltage signals and the real-time current signals output from the battery string enter one or more microcontrollers after analog-to-digital conversion (ADC) for subsequent impedance spectrum calculation. The microcontroller may be a separate device or may directly employ a microcontroller that the DC/AC itself has. When the microcontroller is independent of the DC/AC, the microcontroller can communicate with the DC/AC, and the communication refers to the data interaction between the microcontroller and the DC/AC, and may adopt, but is not limited to, the following ways: the input and output IO signal line connection mode, and the wired communication mode such as CAN, RS485, IIC, SPI, and wired network. Wireless communication modes such as wifi, bluetooth, zeegbe, GPRS, etc. Fig. 2 shows the connection relationship when a single DC/AC independent microprocessor is used, taking PCS as an example.
The battery string may be connected directly to the DC/AC or through other devices such as a high voltage box. The DC/AC can control charging and discharging of the battery string.
The DC-AC converter DC/AC is power electronic equipment with unidirectional or bidirectional conversion capability from DC to AC, and can be realized by an energy storage converter, a photovoltaic inverter, a light storage integrated machine, a charging pile and a UPS.
The impedance spectrum detection method based on the impedance spectrum on-line detection device comprises the following steps:
And 2, superposing a current or voltage excitation signal with a selected frequency fn on the DC/AC under the normal working state, wherein the frequency fn is selected by engineering personnel in the frequency range of the impedance spectrum concerned by the equivalent battery to be tested. Taking the impedance spectrum test of the lithium ion battery as an example, the frequency range of the impedance spectrum concerned by the lithium ion battery is within [0.1Hz,1kHz ], and the frequencies can be selected as follows:
and 3, the microcontroller determines that the DC/AC excitation signal is sent out through communication and then synchronously acquires the real-time current and real-time voltage signals of the equivalent battery at the frequency fs. The acquisition frequency fs is at least 10 times the excitation signal frequency fn.
Step 4, any periodic function can be expressed as the sum of infinite numbers formed by direct current and sine function or cosine function:
therefore, the voltage and current signals caused by the DC/AC excitation signals are subjected to Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to obtain the sinusoidal semaphore U (2 pi f) of the voltage and the current at the corresponding fn frequency point and the frequency multiple thereofn)、I(2πfn). For linear system, the impedance at the frequency point can be obtained
By repeating the wave generation, detection and calculation processes, the impedance calculation of all fn frequency points and harmonic frequency points thereof can be completed, so that the required impedance spectrum is obtained.
Furthermore, because the amplitude of the fundamental frequency signal is maximum, the amplitude of the higher harmonic frequency is gradually reduced, and in order to ensure the sampling precision, only the impedance of the fundamental frequency and the harmonic frequency point with the voltage signal amplitude larger than 5mV is usually selected to form an impedance spectrum.
Furthermore, because the fast fourier transform requires real-time processing of a large amount of data, or the storage of a large amount of data for subsequent calculations, extremely high requirements are placed on the calculation capacity and storage capacity of the micro-control. And a large amount of data in the final calculation result does not meet the signal amplitude requirement and is discarded, so that the performance and the storage resource of the microcontroller are greatly wasted. The Goertzel algorithm is therefore used in the calculation:
wherein g (k) is the current or voltage sampling result of the kth time, and x (k), x (k-1) and x (k-2) are the current, previous and more previous calculation results respectively. By adopting the algorithm, the calculation amount of the microcontroller can be greatly reduced, data does not need to be stored, and the frequency point value is calculated in real time.
Furthermore, a Goertzel algorithm is adopted, finite frequency is selected according to the response amplitude value to calculate the voltage and current signals, and generally, fundamental frequency, frequency multiplication and third harmonic thereof are selected to calculate, so that the calculation requirement of the impedance spectrum is met, and the calculation amount is further reduced.
Furthermore, when a plurality of DC/AC are connected to the same power supply system in parallel, the influence on the power supply system during the operation impedance spectrum detection can be eliminated by enabling the sum of the periodic excitation signals coupled by the plurality of DC/AC to be zero.
Claims (10)
1. A battery impedance spectrum on-line detection system based on DC/AC is characterized by comprising a battery string unit, a DC-AC converter DC/AC and a microcontroller; the power end of the battery string unit is connected to a DC/AC converter, the voltage and current signal output ends of the battery string unit are connected to an ADC (analog-to-digital converter) end of the microcontroller, and the communication end of the DC/AC converter is connected to the communication end of the microcontroller;
the microcontroller is used for acquiring the battery string signals to calculate a battery impedance spectrum;
the battery string unit is used for inputting a voltage signal and a current signal to the microcontroller;
the DC-AC converter DC/AC is used for controlling charging and discharging of the battery string.
2. The DC/AC-based battery impedance spectrum online detection system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the battery string unit comprises N equivalent batteries, N is greater than or equal to 1; and the N equivalent batteries are connected in series to form a battery string unit.
3. The DC/AC-based battery impedance spectrum online detection system as claimed in claim 2, wherein the equivalent battery is a battery cell or a series-parallel combination thereof, or a system formed by series-parallel combination and packaging of batteries; two ends of each equivalent battery in the battery string are respectively connected with a V + end and a V-end of the real-time voltage sampling, and the real-time voltage sampling can collect real-time voltages at two ends of the equivalent batteries and output voltage signals; the battery string unit comprises a real-time current sample, the real-time current sample and the equivalent battery to be tested are in a series relation, and the real-time current flowing through the equivalent battery in series is collected.
4. The DC/AC-based battery impedance spectrum online detection system as claimed in claim 1, wherein N battery voltage signals and real-time current signals output from the battery string are subjected to analog-to-digital conversion (ADC) and then enter one or more microcontrollers for subsequent impedance spectrum calculation.
5. The system according to claim 1, wherein the DC/AC is a power electronic device with a capability of unidirectional or bidirectional conversion from DC to AC, specifically a power storage converter PCS, a photovoltaic inverter, a light storage all-in-one machine, a charging pile or a UPS.
6. The DC/AC-based battery impedance spectrum online detection system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the microcontroller is a separate device or directly adopts a microcontroller of the DC/AC itself; when the microcontroller is independent of the DC/AC, the microcontroller can communicate with the DC/AC, and data interaction is carried out between the microcontroller and the DC/AC.
7. The DC/AC-based battery impedance spectrum on-line detection system as claimed in claim 5, wherein the communication mode comprises: the method adopts a mode of connecting input/output IO signal lines or a wired communication mode: CAN, RS485, IIC, SPI or wired network; still include the wireless communication mode: wifi, bluetooth, zeegbe, or GPRS.
8. A method for detecting a DC/AC-based battery impedance spectrum on-line detection system, which is based on any one of claims 1 to 6, and comprises the following steps:
step 1, the DC/AC can monitor the working current of the equivalent battery in series connection, or the working current of the equivalent battery is monitored through real-time current sampling, and the working current of the equivalent battery is selected to be large enough according to historical data or empirical parameters of a power supply system, namely, the impedance spectrum detection is carried out when the voltage response change of the equivalent battery to be detected, which is caused by the change of the working current, is more than 5 mV;
step 2, superposing a current or voltage excitation signal with a selected frequency fn on the DC/AC under the normal working state, wherein the frequency fn is selected by engineering personnel in the frequency range of the impedance spectrum concerned by the equivalent battery to be tested;
step 3, the microcontroller determines that a DC/AC excitation signal is sent out through communication and then synchronously acquires real-time current and real-time voltage signals of the equivalent battery at frequency fs; the collection frequency fs is at least 10 times of the frequency fn of the excitation signal;
step 4, the periodic functions f (t) can be expressed as DC quantity and frequency as the frequency omega of the periodic function0And frequency multiplication (n omega) of the periodic function0) An infinite series of sine or cosine functions of (a):
carrying out fast Fourier decomposition (FFT) on the voltage and current signals of the equivalent battery sampled in real time to obtain sinusoidal voltage and current semaphore U (2 pi f) of the voltage and current at the corresponding fn frequency point and the frequency multiple of the fn frequency pointn)、I(2πfn) (ii) a For linear system, the impedance at the frequency point can be obtained
And (3) completing impedance calculation of all fn frequency points and harmonic frequency points thereof by repeating the wave generation, detection and calculation processes to obtain a required impedance spectrum.
9. The detection method of the DC/AC-based battery impedance spectrum on-line detection system as claimed in claim 7, wherein the calculation adopts Goertzel algorithm in addition to FFT algorithm:
wherein g (k) is the current or voltage sampling result of the kth time, and x (k), x (k-1) and x (k-2) are the current, previous and more previous calculation results respectively.
10. The method as claimed in claim 7, wherein when a plurality of DC/AC are connected to the same power system in parallel, the influence on the power system during the operation of the impedance spectrum detection is eliminated by making the sum of the periodic excitation signals of the plurality of DC/AC couplings zero.
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| CN114236408A (en) * | 2021-12-17 | 2022-03-25 | 西南交通大学 | Controllable broadband impedance measuring method and device for lithium battery |
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| US20180059191A1 (en) * | 2016-08-28 | 2018-03-01 | The Board Of Trustees Of The University Of Alabama | Methods, apparatuses, and systems for measuring impedance spectrum, power spectrum, or spectral density using frequency component analysis of power converter voltage and current ripples |
| CN108431618A (en) * | 2015-12-22 | 2018-08-21 | 威拓股份有限公司 | Equipment for the characteristic for measuring high-voltage battery |
| CN111580006A (en) * | 2020-05-29 | 2020-08-25 | 中国电力科学研究院有限公司 | Online measurement method and system for dynamic impedance of battery |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108431618A (en) * | 2015-12-22 | 2018-08-21 | 威拓股份有限公司 | Equipment for the characteristic for measuring high-voltage battery |
| US20180059191A1 (en) * | 2016-08-28 | 2018-03-01 | The Board Of Trustees Of The University Of Alabama | Methods, apparatuses, and systems for measuring impedance spectrum, power spectrum, or spectral density using frequency component analysis of power converter voltage and current ripples |
| CN111580006A (en) * | 2020-05-29 | 2020-08-25 | 中国电力科学研究院有限公司 | Online measurement method and system for dynamic impedance of battery |
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| CN114236408A (en) * | 2021-12-17 | 2022-03-25 | 西南交通大学 | Controllable broadband impedance measuring method and device for lithium battery |
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