CN115306602B - 基于mcu控制的氨氢混合燃料发动机柴油引燃和氢气引燃的切换装置及切换方法 - Google Patents
基于mcu控制的氨氢混合燃料发动机柴油引燃和氢气引燃的切换装置及切换方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明的目的在于提供基于MCU控制的氨氢混合燃料发动机柴油引燃和氢气引燃的切换装置及切换方法，包括MCU、发动机、储氨罐、储氢罐、涡轮、压气机、第一气阀、第二气阀，涡轮与压气机同轴，发动机里设置第一喷油器和第二喷油器，第一喷油器连接柴油箱，第二喷油器连接供油管路，储氨罐通过第一流量计连接供油管路，储氢罐通过第二流量计连接供油管路，压气机连接发动机的进气总管，涡轮连接发动机的排气管路，第一进气管路通过第一气阀连接压气机，第二进气管路经废气总管、第二气阀连接压气机，MCU连接第一气阀和第二气阀。本发明能推动NH3/H2燃料在高压共轨压燃发动机上的实际应用，推动零碳发动机的发展，对实现零碳排放具有重要意义。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及的是一种发动机装置及控制方法，具体地说是发动机引燃装置及其控制方法。
背景技术
近年来，化石燃料的燃烧造成了更多的环境问题。例如，温室气体的排放导致全球变暖，而烟雾是由燃烧化石燃料产生的颗粒物造成的。此外，世界化石资源正在枯竭。在交通运输行业，动力设备基本上消耗了大部分化石燃料，并造成了14％的温室气体排放。因此，为了缓解能源短缺和环境问题，科学家们迫切希望开发能够取代传统化石燃料的合适、清洁的新燃料。
人们已经研究了许多替代燃料，如乙醇、二甲醚(DME)、生物柴油和氢气等广泛应用于发动机。目前，H2和NH3是两种潜在的清洁燃料，其完全燃烧产物对环境无害。通常，H2被认为是最有前途的燃料，因为它具有宽的燃烧极限和高的单位质量热值。然而，H2需要特殊的容器来储存，使用高压储存可能会导致氢脆和氢气泄漏。但氨作为一种潜在的氢载体，并没有这个缺点。氨可以在室温下液化，也便于长期储存和运输。此外，氨的燃料特性也适用。氨的能量密度适中，是氢的三倍。氨也可以从风能和太阳能等可再生能源中生产。所有迹象表明，氨是一种很有前途的发动机燃料。然而，与其他燃料相比，氨的特性是高燃点、低燃烧速度和温度，导致氨难以燃烧。因此，氨作为燃料应用于发动机通常通过两种方式，即与氢气或其他高反应性燃料混合燃烧。
一些相对高反应性的燃料，如柴油、汽油、二甲醚和天然气等，也可用于改善氨的燃烧特性。但这些高活性燃料大多含有碳，这只能实现低碳排放，但不能完全消除碳排放。对于无碳氢气，其点火能量低，火焰传播速度快，燃烧温度高。氢和氨燃料可以很好地互补，通过向发动机中添加氢，可以快速产生更多的能量，为氨燃烧创造环境，并且当发动机中仅使用氨燃料时，可以克服这一缺陷。在氨中添加氢气改善了发动机中氨燃料的燃烧性能。从发动机中氨的发展来看，氨可能更适合在船舶上使用。由于长期以来氨作为世界上的大型化工产品之一，在世界各地的许多港口都有相对完整的生产、储存、运输和供应系统。此外，船舶空间更大，氨储存和管道布局更灵活。在国际上，许多公司已经开始研究氨在船舶上的应用。荷兰船舶设计公司C-Job Naval Architects宣布了其关于氨作为船用燃料的可行性研究，在安全的情况下，氨可以用作燃料。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供可实现零碳燃烧的基于MCU控制的氨氢混合燃料发动机柴油引燃和氢气引燃的切换装置及切换方法。
本发明的目的是这样实现的：
本发明基于MCU控制的氨氢混合燃料发动机柴油引燃和氢气引燃的切换装置，其特征是：包括MCU、发动机、储氨罐、储氢罐、涡轮、压气机、第一气阀、第二气阀，涡轮与压气机同轴，发动机里设置第一喷油器和第二喷油器，第一喷油器连接柴油箱，第二喷油器连接供油管路，储氨罐通过第一流量计连接供油管路，储氢罐通过第二流量计连接供油管路，压气机连接发动机的进气总管，涡轮连接发动机的排气管路，第一进气管路通过第一气阀连接压气机，第二进气管路经废气总管、第二气阀连接压气机，MCU连接第一气阀和第二气阀。
本发明基于MCU控制的氨氢混合燃料发动机柴油引燃和氢气引燃的切换装置还可以包括：
1、第二进气管路环绕在废气总管上或顺着废气总管的方向纵向围绕分布在废气总管上。
2、进气总管上设置温度计。
本发明基于MCU控制的氨氢混合燃料发动机柴油引燃和氢气引燃的切换方法，其特征是：在柴油引燃模式时，打开第一气阀，关闭第二气阀，新鲜空气从第一进气管路经第一气阀流过压气机到达进气总管，此时温度计检测进气总管处的进气温度，新鲜空气经进气总管流入发动机缸内，柴油从柴油箱流经柴油阀门通过第一喷油器向缸内喷柴油，氨气和氢气分别从储氨罐和储氢罐流出，第一流量计、第二流量计控制氨与氢燃料的掺混比例，氨氢在供油管路中混合，氨氢混合燃料通过第二喷油器向缸内喷氨氢混合燃料，缸内燃烧产生的废气流经排气管路通过涡轮机到达废气总管将废气排放至大气中；当需要切换成氢气引燃时，打开第二气阀，关闭第一气阀，利用发动机废气加热第二进气管路进气温度，新鲜空气从第二进气管路经第二气阀流过压气机到达进气总管，当温度计检测到进气温度达到设定值时，通过MCU进行控制，停止第一喷油器喷油，仅通过第二喷油器向缸内喷氨氢混合燃料，实现柴油引燃和氢气引燃的切换控制。
本发明基于MCU控制的氨氢混合燃料发动机柴油引燃和氢气引燃的切换方法还可以包括：
1、当加热的第二进气管路的新鲜空气的温度超过限定值时，通过MCU进行控制反馈到第二气阀和第一气阀的开度，调节第二气阀和第一气阀的开度实现进气温度的控制。
本发明的优势在于：本发明将氨燃料中掺混一定比例氢气，以提高缸内氨燃烧时火焰传播速度，促进缸内燃烧反应进行，消除掺氨量过大出现的氨逃逸现象，并将引燃柴油替换成氢气，实现零碳燃烧；本发明通过发动机废气余热利用的方式提高进气温度，通过MCU控制柴油引燃和氢气引燃的切换，实现零碳燃烧。不仅能促进NH3/H2燃料在高压共轨压燃柴油机上的实际应用，还为氢气压燃发动机提供了数据支撑。
附图说明
图1为本发明结构示意图；
图2a为进气管路环绕废气总管结构示意图，图2b为进气管路纵向围绕废气总管的结构示意图，图2c为A-A示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图举例对本发明做更详细地描述：
结合图1-2c，基于MCU控制的氨/氢混合燃料发动机柴油引燃和氢气引燃的切换方法。其结构包括压气机1、进气总管2、发动机3、喷油器I4、喷油器II、柴油箱6、柴油阀门7、储氨罐8、流量计I9、供油管路10、储氢罐11、流量计II12、排气管路13、涡轮机14、废气总管15、气阀I16、气阀II17、MCU18、进气管路I19、进气管路II20、温度计21。在柴油引燃模式时，只需打开气阀I16关闭气阀II17，新鲜空气从进气管路I19经气阀I16流过压气机1到达进气总管2，此时温度计21会检测进气总管2处的进气温度，新鲜空气经进气总管2流入发动机3缸内。柴油从柴油箱6流经柴油阀门7通过喷油器I4向缸内喷柴油，氨气和氢气分别从储氨罐8和储氢罐11流出，在氨和氢供气管处设置两个流量计9和12用来控制氨与氢燃料的掺混比例，氨/氢在供油管路10中混合，氨/氢混合燃料通过喷油器II5向缸内喷氨氢混合燃料，缸内燃烧产生的废气流经排气管路13通过涡轮机14到达废气总管15将废气排放至大气中。当需要切换成氢气引燃时，打开气阀II17关闭气阀I16，利用发动机废气加热进气管路II20进气温度，新鲜空气从进气管路II20经气阀II17流过压气机到达进气总管2，当温度计21检测到进气温度达到一定值时，通过MCU18进行控制，停止喷油器I4喷油，仅通过喷油器II5向缸内喷氨氢混合燃料，实现柴油引燃和氢气引燃的切换控制。由于考虑到废气的温度过高，可能会使得加热的进气管路II20的新鲜空气的温度过高，因此温度计21检测到的废气总管15的新鲜空气温度，通过MCU18进行控制反馈到气阀II17和气阀I16的开度，调节气阀II17和气阀I16的开度实现进气温度的控制。图中箭头方向为气体和燃料流动方向。
废气总管15的结构设计如图2a-2c所示的两种结构，第一种是进气管路20一圈一圈环绕废气总管15的机构，如图2a所示，第二种是顺着管路15的方向纵向围绕分布的结构，第二种废气总管15的结构设计整体图和剖面图如图2b、图2c所示。
基于MCU控制的氨/氢混合燃料发动机柴油引燃和氢气引燃的切换方法，一方面发动机废气加热进气管路II进气温度当温度计检测到进气温度达到一定值时，通过MCU进行控制，停止喷油器I喷油，仅通过喷油器II向缸内喷氨氢混合燃料，实现柴油引燃和氢气引燃的切换控制。另一方面温度计实时检测进气温度，当进气温度较高时，通过MCU进行控制反馈到气阀I和气阀II的开度，调节气阀II和气阀I的开度实现进气温度的控制。该发明能促进NH3/H2燃料在高压共轨压燃发动机上的实际应用，推动零碳发动机的发展，对实现零碳排放具有重要意义。
Claims (5)
1.基于MCU控制的氨氢混合燃料发动机柴油引燃和氢气引燃的切换装置，其特征是：包括MCU、发动机、储氨罐、储氢罐、涡轮、压气机、第一气阀、第二气阀，涡轮与压气机同轴，发动机里设置第一喷油器和第二喷油器，第一喷油器连接柴油箱，第二喷油器连接供油管路，储氨罐通过第一流量计连接供油管路，储氢罐通过第二流量计连接供油管路，压气机连接发动机的进气总管，涡轮连接发动机的排气管路，第一进气管路通过第一气阀连接压气机，第二进气管路经废气总管、第二气阀连接压气机，MCU连接第一气阀和第二气阀。
2.根据权利要求1所述的基于MCU控制的氨氢混合燃料发动机柴油引燃和氢气引燃的切换装置，其特征是：第二进气管路环绕在废气总管上或顺着废气总管的方向纵向围绕分布在废气总管上。
3.根据权利要求1所述的基于MCU控制的氨氢混合燃料发动机柴油引燃和氢气引燃的切换装置，其特征是：进气总管上设置温度计。
4.基于MCU控制的氨氢混合燃料发动机柴油引燃和氢气引燃的切换方法，其特征是：在柴油引燃模式时，打开第一气阀，关闭第二气阀，新鲜空气从第一进气管路经第一气阀流过压气机到达进气总管，此时温度计检测进气总管处的进气温度，新鲜空气经进气总管流入发动机缸内，柴油从柴油箱流经柴油阀门通过第一喷油器向缸内喷柴油，氨气和氢气分别从储氨罐和储氢罐流出，第一流量计、第二流量计控制氨与氢燃料的掺混比例，氨氢在供油管路中混合，氨氢混合燃料通过第二喷油器向缸内喷氨氢混合燃料，缸内燃烧产生的废气流经排气管路通过涡轮机到达废气总管将废气排放至大气中；当需要切换成氢气引燃时，打开第二气阀，关闭第一气阀，利用发动机废气加热第二进气管路进气温度，新鲜空气从第二进气管路经第二气阀流过压气机到达进气总管，当温度计检测到进气温度达到设定值时，通过MCU进行控制，停止第一喷油器喷油，仅通过第二喷油器向缸内喷氨氢混合燃料，实现柴油引燃和氢气引燃的切换控制。
5.根据权利要求4所述的基于MCU控制的氨氢混合燃料发动机柴油引燃和氢气引燃的切换方法，其特征是：当加热的第二进气管路的新鲜空气的温度超过限定值时，通过MCU进行控制反馈到第二气阀和第一气阀的开度，调节第二气阀和第一气阀的开度实现进气温度的控制。
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