CN114738140A - 以氢气引燃的氨氢混合燃烧的零碳发动机及控制方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明的目的在于提供以氢气引燃的氨氢混合燃烧的零碳发动机及控制方法，包括发动机、储氨罐、储氢罐，储氢罐通过第一流量计连接第二供油管路，第二供油管路连接发动机的第二喷油器，储氨罐通过第三流量计连接第一供油管路，第一供油管路连接发动机的第一喷油器，储氢罐通过第二流量计连接第一供油管路。本发明不仅能促进NH3/H2燃料在高压共轨柴油机上的实际应用，还为氢气压燃发动机提供了数据支撑，推动氢气压燃发动机的发展，对实现碳中和的零碳排放目标具有重要意义。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及的是一种发动机及其控制方法，具体地说是氨氢发动机及其控制方法。
背景技术
全球化石能源需求的不断增加，化石燃料燃烧时温室气体排放恶化，南北极冰山正在减少，冻土正在消融，海平面正在上升，很多不可再生能源已经进入匮乏状态，全球变暖趋势加剧。为了限制温室气体排放阻止全球进一步变暖，必须对工业、航运、汽车等行业进行脱碳，柴油发动机使用可再生低碳或无碳特性的替代燃料是实现零碳排放最有效的方案。现今很多可再生低碳能源已经被广泛研究并应用于发动机，如甲醇、丁醇、二甲醚、草酸甲乙酯、生物柴油等，但这些燃料的使用仅实现了低碳排放；NH3是一种高能量密度燃料、是世界第二最常见的化学物质，其生产成本极低，原材料来源广泛可通过多种方法获得，制备氨的技术成熟，且氨完全燃烧时产物为水和氮气，是优质的可再生清洁能源。
为实现碳中和目标达到零碳排放，研究学者们对氨作为零碳燃料的前景十分看好，对于氨燃料投入的研究也越来越多，由于氨汽化潜热值为柴油5倍，掺氨大幅降低缸内温度，并且氨燃烧时火焰传播速度慢，纯氨压燃发动机的引燃和燃烧十分困难，以至于将柴油机压缩比调整至30:1也无法实现压燃，只能通过柴油等其他低碳燃料引燃才能实现柴油机氨燃烧，并且当掺氨量过大时氨逃逸现象明显。
氢气热值高，燃烧时火焰传播速度快，属于高活性燃料，且燃烧产物为水，对环境无任何污染，被认为是最理想的燃料，氢气这些性质也经常被研究学者作为燃料活化剂用来与其他可再生低碳燃料进行掺混使用，以提高混合燃料活性，促进缸内燃烧反应进程，多项研究成果表明，掺混一定量的氢气能有效加速燃烧反应，氨掺混一定量氢气改善了发动机燃用纯氨燃料的着火性能和燃烧性能，为了氨燃料能大掺混比在发动机上使用，必须添加氢气以改善氨的燃烧性能，在点火发动机上已经得到了证明。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供能解决氢气引燃出现无法着火的难题，摆脱发动机对化石能源依赖的以氢气引燃的氨氢混合燃烧的零碳发动机及控制方法。
本发明的目的是这样实现的：
本发明以氢气引燃的氨氢混合燃烧的零碳发动机，其特征是：包括发动机、储氨罐、储氢罐，储氢罐通过第一流量计连接第二供油管路，第二供油管路连接发动机的第二喷油器，储氨罐通过第三流量计连接第一供油管路，第一供油管路连接发动机的第一喷油器，储氢罐通过第二流量计连接第一供油管路。
本发明以氢气引燃的氨氢混合燃烧的零碳发动机还可以包括：
1、还包括涡轮机、压气机，压气机通过第一进气管路连通大气，第一进气管路里安装加热电阻丝，压气机通过第二进气管路连接发动机的进气歧管，第二进气管路上安装温度计，发动机的排气歧管通过排气管路连接涡轮机。
本发明以氢气引燃的氨氢混合燃烧的零碳发动机控制方法，其特征是：发动机的第二喷油器在曲轴转角701°CA开始喷氢气，发动机的第一喷油器在在曲轴转角704°CA开始喷氨氢混合燃料。
本发明以氢气引燃的氨氢混合燃烧的零碳发动机控制方法还可以包括：
1、通过第二进气管路里温度计的反馈，调整第一进气管路里的加热电阻丝，使得进气温度不低于476K。
本发明的优势在于：本发明旨在高压共轨压燃柴油机上研究氨中掺混一定比例氢气，以提高缸内氨燃烧时火焰传播速度，促进缸内燃烧反应进行，以消除掺氨量过大出现的氨逃逸现象，并将引燃柴油替换成氢气，实现零碳燃烧；但由于氢气着火温度高于柴油，无法实现压燃，故需要对柴油机边界条件进行调整，如提高进气温度才能实现氢气引燃，氢气压燃发动机目前鲜有研究，研究结果不仅能促进NH3/H2燃料在高压共轨柴油机上的实际应用，还为氢气压燃发动机提供了数据支撑，推动氢气压燃发动机的发展，对实现碳中和的零碳排放目标具有重要意义。
附图说明
图1为本发明的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图举例对本发明做更详细地描述：
结合图1，氢气引燃的氨/氢混合燃料发动机零碳燃烧实验台架结构包括：进气管路I1、加热电阻丝2、压气机3、涡轮机4，进气管路II5、温度计6、发动机7、排气管路8、储氢罐9、储氨罐10、流量计I11、流量计II12、流量计III13、供油管路I14、供油管路II15、喷油器I16、喷油器II17。空气通过进气管路I经过加热电阻丝2升温后进入压气机3，压气机3通过进气管路II连接发动机7，进气管路II中可通过温度计6测得进气温度，进而通过调整加热电阻丝调节进气温度，发动机7连接排气管路8再连接涡轮机4将废气排放至大气中；预喷油系统氢气由储氢罐经过流量计I进入供油管路15，再由喷油器16喷入缸内，流量计可测得并调节气体通过的流速；主喷油系统氢气由储氢罐经过流量计II进入供油管路14，氨气由储氨罐经过流量计III进入供油管路14；氢气与氨气在供油管路14进行混合，氨气与氢气掺混比例可通过调节流量计II和流量计III来控制，再由喷油器17喷入缸内，图中箭头方向为气体和燃料流动方向。
本方法通过双喷油器形式实现，发动机的喷油器II17在曲轴转角701°CA开始喷氢气，发动机的喷油器I16在在曲轴转角704°CA开始喷氨氢混合燃料。通过第二进气管路里温度计的反馈，调整第一进气管路里的加热电阻丝，使得进气温度不低于476K，实现氢气引燃氨/氢混合燃料发动机零碳燃烧，氨与氢皆是可再生的清洁能源，其自身不含碳，燃烧过程不会有碳排放，其次因氨汽化潜热值高，燃用氨氢混合燃料发动机NOx排放和soot排放相比原机更低，氢气引燃的氨/氢混合燃料发动机零碳燃烧模式柴油机整体排放性能得到了提升，CO2排放为零，实现了内燃机零碳燃烧和零碳排放。
Claims (4)
1.以氢气引燃的氨氢混合燃烧的零碳发动机，其特征是：包括发动机、储氨罐、储氢罐，储氢罐通过第一流量计连接第二供油管路，第二供油管路连接发动机的第二喷油器，储氨罐通过第三流量计连接第一供油管路，第一供油管路连接发动机的第一喷油器，储氢罐通过第二流量计连接第一供油管路。
2.根据权利要求1所述的以氢气引燃的氨氢混合燃烧的零碳发动机，其特征是：还包括涡轮机、压气机，压气机通过第一进气管路连通大气，第一进气管路里安装加热电阻丝，压气机通过第二进气管路连接发动机的进气歧管，第二进气管路上安装温度计，发动机的排气歧管通过排气管路连接涡轮机。
3.以氢气引燃的氨氢混合燃烧的零碳发动机控制方法，其特征是：发动机的第二喷油器在曲轴转角701°CA开始喷氢气，发动机的第一喷油器在在曲轴转角704°CA开始喷氨氢混合燃料。
4.根据权利要求3所述的以氢气引燃的氨氢混合燃烧的零碳发动机控制方法，其特征是：通过第二进气管路里温度计的反馈，调整第一进气管路里的加热电阻丝，使得进气温度不低于476K。
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115217622A (zh) * | 2022-07-15 | 2022-10-21 | 天津大学 | 一种基于反应活性调控的氨氢融合燃料控制系统 |
| CN115306602A (zh) * | 2022-09-06 | 2022-11-08 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | 基于mcu控制的氨氢混合燃料发动机柴油引燃和氢气引燃的切换装置及切换方法 |
| CN115306599A (zh) * | 2022-08-15 | 2022-11-08 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | 基于plc控制vgt的柴油引燃氨氢混合燃料发动机及控制方法 |
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| CN115217622B (zh) * | 2022-07-15 | 2024-01-30 | 天津大学 | 一种基于反应活性调控的氨氢融合燃料控制系统 |
| CN115306599A (zh) * | 2022-08-15 | 2022-11-08 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | 基于plc控制vgt的柴油引燃氨氢混合燃料发动机及控制方法 |
| CN115306602A (zh) * | 2022-09-06 | 2022-11-08 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | 基于mcu控制的氨氢混合燃料发动机柴油引燃和氢气引燃的切换装置及切换方法 |
| CN115306602B (zh) * | 2022-09-06 | 2024-02-06 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | 基于mcu控制的氨氢混合燃料发动机柴油引燃和氢气引燃的切换装置及切换方法 |
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