CN115305377B - Preparation method of aluminum-based hollow glass bead porous composite material - Google Patents
Preparation method of aluminum-based hollow glass bead porous composite material Download PDFInfo
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- CN115305377B CN115305377B CN202210936782.4A CN202210936782A CN115305377B CN 115305377 B CN115305377 B CN 115305377B CN 202210936782 A CN202210936782 A CN 202210936782A CN 115305377 B CN115305377 B CN 115305377B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/10—Alloys containing non-metals
- C22C1/1036—Alloys containing non-metals starting from a melt
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D7/00—Casting ingots, e.g. from ferrous metals
- B22D7/005—Casting ingots, e.g. from ferrous metals from non-ferrous metals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
- C22C32/001—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with only oxides
- C22C32/0015—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with only oxides with only single oxides as main non-metallic constituents
- C22C32/0036—Matrix based on Al, Mg, Be or alloys thereof
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of an aluminum-based hollow glass bead porous composite material, which belongs to the technical field of aluminum-based composite materials, and solves the problems that an aluminum alloy structure and a function are single, traditional foamed aluminum is high in manufacturing cost and insufficient for meeting the multifunctional requirements of an aluminum alloy material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aluminum-based composite materials, and particularly relates to a preparation method of an aluminum-based hollow glass bead porous composite material.
Background
At present, in daily life and industrial production, aluminum alloy is the most widely used metal structural material, has the advantages of low density, high specific strength, no magnetism, excellent corrosion resistance and the like, and is widely applied to the fields of military national defense, aerospace, automobile manufacturing and the like. However, although the aluminum alloy has a wide range of applications, the structure and the function of the aluminum alloy are still relatively single, and the high-performance and multifunctional requirements of the high-tech development on the metal material are difficult to meet, so that the structure and the function of the aluminum alloy are urgently needed to be studied more intensively.
Foam metal is used as an emerging honeycomb light material, has the outstanding characteristics of high porosity, low density, low heat conductivity coefficient, high damping resistance and the like besides light weight, and is widely applied to the fields of biomedicine, automobile manufacturing, structural materials, military equipment and the like. Compared with metals such as titanium, iron, zinc and copper, aluminum has many advantages such as a large number of raw materials, low melting point, easy molding and the like, so that aluminum is most widely applied to foam metals.
The foamed aluminum material is composed of an aluminum matrix framework and holes, and irregular holes and a three-dimensional aluminum metal framework are overlapped together, so that the foamed aluminum has the performance characteristics of a metal phase and the functional characteristics of a dispersed air phase, and therefore, the foamed aluminum material has the advantages of light weight, low density, low heat conductivity and the like, and is very wide in the fields of automobile manufacturing, building industry and aerospace. However, the performance of aluminum foam is unstable at high temperature, high pressure and after prolonged use, and its cost is extremely expensive. Thus, in order to meet the urgent need for foamed aluminum materials in the development of society, a low-cost, simple and feasible foamed aluminum-like material is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art and solve the problems that the aluminum alloy structure and function are single, the traditional foamed aluminum is high in manufacturing cost and insufficient to meet the multifunctional requirement of an aluminum alloy material, the invention provides a preparation method of a low-cost, simple and feasible light heat-resistant hollow glass microsphere/2024 Al porous composite material, and the thermal expansion coefficient, the thermal diffusion coefficient and the density of the aluminum alloy are reduced while the high strength and the low cost are ensured.
In order to achieve the aim of the invention, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention selects 2024Al alloy with high strength and good plasticity as a matrix, and hollow glass beads (HGMs) as reinforcements, and the preparation method is a semi-solid stirring casting process, and the light heat-resistant hollow glass beads/2024 Al porous composite material with uniform hollow glass beads distribution and excellent performance is obtained by regulating and controlling stirring temperature, stirring speed and stirring time.
The preparation method of the aluminum-based hollow glass microsphere porous composite material comprises the following steps:
s1, pretreating hollow glass beads, wherein the pretreatment mainly comprises deionized water cleaning and ultrasonic cleaning:
firstly, cleaning hollow glass beads with deionized water for at least three times;
secondly, adding a proper amount of alcohol into an ultrasonic cleaner, and putting the hollow glass beads into the alcohol to be subjected to vibration cleaning for 15-20 min;
thirdly, after the ultrasonic cleaning is finished, cleaning the surfaces of the hollow glass microspheres with deionized water again;
finally, tiling and drying the cleaned hollow glass beads, wherein the drying temperature is 100-120 ℃ and the drying time is 12-14 h; after the drying is finished, sealing and storing the hollow glass beads, and placing the hollow glass beads in a shade and dry place for standby;
s2, removing an oxide layer on the surface of the 2024Al alloy block, then putting the block into a crucible at 700-800 ℃ to be gradually melted, and applying protective gas in the melting process of the aluminum block to prepare 2024Al alloy liquid;
s3, firstly, coating the hollow glass beads prepared in the step S1 in aluminum foil, and placing the aluminum foil into a heating furnace for preheating at 620-650 ℃; then, mechanically stirring the semi-solid 2024Al alloy melt by using a stirring paddle for 3-5 min when the 2024Al alloy liquid prepared in the step S2 is cooled to a semi-solid state along with a furnace, wherein the temperature of the melt is 600-630 ℃; finally, after the semi-solid 2024Al alloy melt forms a stable vortex, adding the preheated hollow glass beads into the semi-solid 2024Al alloy melt, wherein the solid Al in the semi-solid Al alloy melt accounts for 20-40% of the total melt by mass percent;
s4, raising the temperature of the 2024Al alloy melt prepared in the step S3 by 20-40 ℃, pouring the melt into a casting mould preheated to 550-600 ℃, carrying out constant-temperature rapid gravity casting molding, taking out an ingot after solidification, and naturally cooling to room temperature to prepare the aluminum-based hollow glass microsphere porous composite material.
Further, in the step S2, the shielding gas is high purity argon.
Further, in the step S3, the rotation speed of the stirring paddle is 450 r/min-650 r/min.
Further, in the step S4, the constant temperature rapid gravity casting molding includes the following steps: the temperature of the casting mould is 550-600 ℃, and the 2024Al alloy melt is molded by self gravity, and the casting time is 5-10 min.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the light heat-resistant hollow glass bead/2024 Al porous composite material prepared by the invention provides a low-cost alternative scheme for the selection of low-density and heat-resistant materials in the fields of automobile manufacture, biomedicine and aerospace, and mainly has the following advantages:
(1) Low production cost: 2024Al is used as one of common aluminum alloys, and hollow glass beads are also one of common materials in construction, and the hollow glass beads are used as a matrix and a reinforcement, so that the production cost is greatly saved;
(2) The method can separate broken micro beads to obtain hollow glass bead particles with smooth surfaces and complete particles, and is favorable for the close combination of the hollow glass bead particles and aluminum liquid;
(3) The semisolid stirring casting method is used, the semisolid aluminum liquid has strong shearing stress, so that the agglomeration of the hollow glass beads is dispersed, the hollow glass beads are uniformly distributed, and the method is easy to popularize; the stirring temperature, stirring time and rotating speed selected by the invention play a good role in protecting the glass hollow glass beads, and the beads are not easy to break;
(4) The light heat-resistant hollow glass bead/2024 Al porous composite material prepared by the invention has the advantages of low thermal expansion coefficient, low thermal diffusion coefficient and the like, has low density, and also has higher compressive strength.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an OM chart of hollow glass beads
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the particle size distribution of hollow glass microspheres;
FIG. 3 is an OM diagram of a lightweight heat resistant hollow glass microsphere/2024 Al porous composite;
FIG. 4 is a line scan of a lightweight heat resistant hollow glass microsphere/2024 Al porous composite;
FIG. 5 is a thermal performance graph of a lightweight heat resistant hollow glass microsphere/2024 Al porous composite.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and examples.
Example 1
The preparation method of the aluminum-based hollow glass microsphere porous composite material comprises the following steps:
s1, pretreatment of hollow glass beads:
firstly, cleaning hollow glass beads with deionized water for three times;
secondly, adding a proper amount of alcohol into an ultrasonic cleaner, and putting the hollow glass microspheres into the alcohol for shake cleaning for 15min;
thirdly, after the ultrasonic cleaning is finished, cleaning the surfaces of the hollow glass microspheres with deionized water again;
finally, the cleaned hollow glass beads are tiled in a clean tray, and are sent into a blower for drying, wherein the drying temperature is 100 ℃, and the drying time is 12 hours; after the drying is finished, sealing and storing the hollow glass beads, and placing the hollow glass beads in a shade and dry place for standby;
as can be seen from FIG. 1, the broken beads after washing were all eliminated, and the remaining beads were all intact; as can be seen from FIG. 2, the beads used are mostly around 30 μm to 50. Mu.m.
S2, removing an oxide layer on the surface of the 2024Al alloy block, then putting the block into a crucible at 700 ℃ to be gradually melted, and applying a shielding gas in the melting process of the aluminum block, wherein the shielding gas is high-purity argon, so as to prepare 2024Al alloy liquid;
s3, firstly, coating the hollow glass beads prepared in the step S1 in aluminum foil, and placing the aluminum foil into a heating furnace for preheating at 620 ℃; then, when the 2024Al alloy liquid prepared in the step S2 is cooled to a semi-solid state along with a furnace, mechanically stirring the semi-solid 2024Al alloy melt by using a stirring paddle, wherein the rotating speed of the stirring paddle is 450 r/min, and the stirring time is 3min; finally, after the semi-solid 2024Al alloy melt forms a stable vortex, adding the preheated hollow glass beads into the semi-solid 2024Al alloy melt, wherein the solid Al in the semi-solid Al alloy melt accounts for 20% of the total melt by mass;
s4, raising the temperature of the 2024Al alloy melt prepared in the step S3 by 20 ℃, pouring the solution into a pouring die preheated to 550 ℃, carrying out constant-temperature rapid gravity pouring molding, wherein the temperature of the pouring die is 550 ℃, the 2024Al alloy melt is molded by self gravity, the pouring time is 5min, taking out an ingot after solidification, naturally cooling to room temperature, and obtaining the aluminum-based hollow glass microsphere porous composite material, wherein the hollow glass microspheres are uniformly distributed as shown in the figure 3 (the magnification of the same position is gradually increased from the figure a to the figure c), large-scale agglomeration phenomenon does not occur, and the integrity of hollow glass microsphere particles is good and is not destroyed.
Example 2
The preparation method of the aluminum-based hollow glass microsphere porous composite material comprises the following steps:
s1, pretreatment of hollow glass beads:
firstly, cleaning hollow glass beads with deionized water for three times;
secondly, adding a proper amount of alcohol into an ultrasonic cleaner, and putting the hollow glass microspheres into the alcohol for shake cleaning for 18min;
thirdly, after the ultrasonic cleaning is finished, cleaning the surfaces of the hollow glass microspheres with deionized water again;
finally, the cleaned hollow glass beads are tiled in a clean tray, and are sent into a blower for drying, wherein the drying temperature is 110 ℃, and the drying time is 12 hours; after the drying is finished, sealing and storing the hollow glass beads, and placing the hollow glass beads in a shade and dry place for standby;
as can be seen from FIG. 1, the broken beads after washing were all eliminated, and the remaining beads were all intact; as can be seen from FIG. 2, the beads used are mostly around 30 μm to 50. Mu.m.
S2, removing an oxide layer on the surface of the 2024Al alloy block, then putting the block into a crucible at 750 ℃ to be gradually melted, and applying a shielding gas in the melting process of the aluminum block, wherein the shielding gas is high-purity argon, so as to prepare 2024Al alloy liquid;
s3, firstly, coating the hollow glass beads prepared in the step S1 in aluminum foil, and placing the aluminum foil into a heating furnace for preheating at 635 ℃; then, when the 2024Al alloy liquid prepared in the step S2 is cooled to a semi-solid state along with a furnace, mechanically stirring the semi-solid 2024Al alloy melt by using a stirring paddle, wherein the rotating speed of the stirring paddle is 550 r/min, and the stirring time is 4min; finally, after the semi-solid 2024Al alloy melt forms a stable vortex, adding the preheated hollow glass beads into the semi-solid 2024Al alloy melt, wherein the solid Al in the semi-solid Al alloy melt accounts for 30% of the total melt by mass;
s4, raising the temperature of the 2024Al alloy melt prepared in the step S3 by 30 ℃, pouring the solution into a pouring die preheated to 575 ℃, carrying out constant-temperature rapid gravity pouring molding, wherein the temperature of the pouring die is 575 ℃, the 2024Al alloy melt is molded by self gravity, the pouring time is 8min, taking out an ingot after solidification, and naturally cooling to room temperature to prepare the aluminum-based hollow glass microsphere porous composite material.
Example 3
The preparation method of the aluminum-based hollow glass microsphere porous composite material comprises the following steps:
s1, pretreatment of hollow glass beads:
firstly, cleaning hollow glass beads with deionized water for three times;
secondly, adding a proper amount of alcohol into an ultrasonic cleaner, and putting the hollow glass microspheres into the alcohol for vibration cleaning for 20min;
thirdly, after the ultrasonic cleaning is finished, cleaning the surfaces of the hollow glass microspheres with deionized water again;
finally, the cleaned hollow glass beads are tiled in a clean tray, and are sent into a blower for drying, wherein the drying temperature is 120 ℃, and the drying time is 12 hours; after the drying is finished, sealing and storing the hollow glass beads, and placing the hollow glass beads in a shade and dry place for standby;
as can be seen from FIG. 1, the broken beads after washing were all eliminated, and the remaining beads were all intact; as can be seen from FIG. 2, the beads used are mostly around 30 μm to 50. Mu.m.
S2, removing an oxide layer on the surface of the 2024Al alloy block, then putting the block into a crucible at 800 ℃ to be gradually melted, and applying protective gas in the melting process of the aluminum block, wherein the protective gas is high-purity argon, so as to prepare 2024Al alloy liquid;
s3, firstly, coating the hollow glass beads prepared in the step S1 in aluminum foil, and placing the aluminum foil into a heating furnace for preheating at the temperature of 650 ℃; then, when the 2024Al alloy liquid prepared in the step S2 is cooled to a semi-solid state along with a furnace, mechanically stirring the semi-solid 2024Al alloy melt by using a stirring paddle, wherein the rotating speed of the stirring paddle is 650r/min, and the stirring time is 5min; finally, after the semi-solid 2024Al alloy melt forms a stable vortex, adding the preheated hollow glass beads into the semi-solid 2024Al alloy melt, wherein the solid Al in the semi-solid Al alloy melt accounts for 40% of the total melt by mass;
s4, raising the temperature of the 2024Al alloy melt prepared in the step S3 by 20 ℃, pouring the solution into a pouring die preheated to 600 ℃, carrying out constant-temperature rapid gravity pouring molding, wherein the temperature of the pouring die is 600 ℃, the 2024Al alloy melt is molded by self gravity, the pouring time is 10min, taking out an ingot after solidification, and naturally cooling to room temperature to prepare the aluminum-based hollow glass microsphere porous composite material.
FIG. 4 is a line scan of a lightweight heat resistant hollow glass microsphere/2024 Al porous composite. From fig. 4, it is understood that the Al element content gradually decreases from point a to point B, and the remaining elements reach a peak at the interface junction of the microbeads and the matrix, where the Mg and Mn elements are biased. Thus, it can be further determined that HGMs and 2024Al alloys generate MgAl at the interface 2 O 4 The phases illustrate that the HGMs and 2024Al alloys have good interfacial reaction capability.
Table 1 below shows the densities of 2024Al alloy and HGMs/2024Al porous composites, which were reduced by the inclusion of HGMs in 2024Al alloy. This is because the density of HGMs is very low, only 0.39 g/cm 3 And a large number of voids are formed after bonding with 2024Al alloy, resulting in a decrease in the density of the material. While 10 vol.% HGMs/2024Al porous composites have a slightly lower density than 2024Al alloys, on the one hand because there are fewerThe amount of microbeads is not broken during stirring, but on the other hand, due to the introduction of gas during preparation. 15 The density of the vol.% HGMs/2024Al porous composite is significantly reduced from 2024Al alloy. The incorporation of 15vol.% HGMs in 2024Al alloys reduced the density of the alloy by about 31%.
Table 2 below shows the thermal diffusivity of 2024Al alloys and 15vol.% HGMs/2024Al porous composites measured by laser flash method, and it is clear from Table 2 that the addition of hollow glass microspheres to 2024Al alloys will reduce the thermal diffusivity of the materials. This is because there are a large number of holes in the HGMs/2024Al composite, which allow heat to be absorbed by the holes during transfer, thereby reducing the thermal diffusivity of the alloy. Research shows that hollow glass microspheres themselves have low thermal conductivity, and thus can significantly reduce the thermal conductivity of the alloy.
FIG. 5 is a graph of the coefficients of thermal expansion of 2024Al alloy and 15vol.% HGMs/2024Al porous composite measured at 100-300 ℃, as can be seen from FIG. 5, the coefficients of thermal expansion of HGMs/2024Al porous composite are lower than 2024Al alloy in each temperature range, because the coefficients of thermal expansion of hollow glass microspheres (6.1X10X 10 -6 I c) is low, and the alloy is deformed by thermal expansion during the temperature rising process, however, the deformation is restrained by the hollow glass beads, thereby reducing the thermal expansion coefficient of the alloy. Furthermore, researchers have found that the coefficient of thermal expansion of the HGMs/Al porous composites will decrease further as the content of hollow glass microspheres increases. The incorporation of 15vol.% HGMs in 2024Al alloys reduced the coefficient of thermal expansion of the alloy by about 8% and the coefficient of thermal expansion by about 59%.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions easily contemplated by those skilled in the art within the scope of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (4)
1. The preparation method of the aluminum-based hollow glass microsphere porous composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, pretreatment of hollow glass beads:
firstly, cleaning hollow glass beads with deionized water for at least three times;
secondly, adding a proper amount of alcohol into an ultrasonic cleaner, and putting the hollow glass beads into the alcohol to be subjected to vibration cleaning for 15-20 min;
thirdly, after the ultrasonic cleaning is finished, cleaning the surfaces of the hollow glass microspheres with deionized water again;
finally, tiling and drying the cleaned hollow glass beads, wherein the drying temperature is 100-120 ℃ and the drying time is 12-14 h; after the drying is finished, sealing and storing the hollow glass beads, and placing the hollow glass beads in a shade and dry place for standby;
s2, removing an oxide layer on the surface of the 2024Al alloy block, then putting the block into a crucible at 700-800 ℃ to be gradually melted, and applying protective gas in the melting process of the aluminum block to prepare 2024Al alloy liquid;
s3, firstly, coating the hollow glass beads prepared in the step S1 in aluminum foil, and placing the aluminum foil into a heating furnace for preheating at 620-650 ℃; then, mechanically stirring the semi-solid 2024Al alloy melt by using a stirring paddle for 3-5 min when the 2024Al alloy liquid prepared in the step S2 is cooled to a semi-solid state along with a furnace, wherein the temperature of the melt is 600-630 ℃; finally, after the semi-solid 2024Al alloy melt forms a stable vortex, adding the preheated hollow glass beads into the semi-solid 2024Al alloy melt, wherein the solid Al in the semi-solid Al alloy melt accounts for 20-40% of the total melt by mass percent;
s4, raising the temperature of the 2024Al alloy melt prepared in the step S3 by 20-40 ℃, pouring the melt into a casting mould preheated to 550-600 ℃, carrying out constant-temperature rapid gravity casting molding, taking out an ingot after solidification, and naturally cooling to room temperature to prepare the aluminum-based hollow glass microsphere porous composite material.
2. The method for preparing the aluminum-based hollow glass microsphere porous composite material according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step S2, the shielding gas is high-purity argon.
3. The method for preparing the aluminum-based hollow glass microsphere porous composite material according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step S3, the rotating speed of the stirring paddle is 450 r/min-650 r/min.
4. The method for preparing the aluminum-based hollow glass microsphere porous composite material according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step S4, the constant temperature rapid gravity casting molding includes the following steps: the temperature of the casting mould is 550-600 ℃, and the 2024Al alloy melt is molded by self gravity, and the casting time is 5-10 min.
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Citations (5)
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| JPH06192781A (en) * | 1992-05-12 | 1994-07-12 | Sky Alum Co Ltd | Aluminum alloy sheet excellent in galling resistance and scuffing resistance |
| CN106048342A (en) * | 2016-06-14 | 2016-10-26 | 江西理工大学 | Particle hybrid aluminum base self-lubricating composite material and preparation method thereof |
| CN111218579A (en) * | 2020-01-09 | 2020-06-02 | 太原理工大学 | Preparation method of micron SiC particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material |
| CN114226692A (en) * | 2021-12-20 | 2022-03-25 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Preparation method of porous metal-based composite material with double-wall core-shell structure hollow glass beads |
| CN114231779A (en) * | 2021-12-20 | 2022-03-25 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Preparation method of glass bead reinforced porous aluminum-based composite material |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104593652B (en) * | 2015-02-06 | 2016-08-24 | 中北大学 | Quasicrystal and alumina mixed particle reinforced magnesium-based composite material and manufacturing method thereof |
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Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH06192781A (en) * | 1992-05-12 | 1994-07-12 | Sky Alum Co Ltd | Aluminum alloy sheet excellent in galling resistance and scuffing resistance |
| CN106048342A (en) * | 2016-06-14 | 2016-10-26 | 江西理工大学 | Particle hybrid aluminum base self-lubricating composite material and preparation method thereof |
| CN111218579A (en) * | 2020-01-09 | 2020-06-02 | 太原理工大学 | Preparation method of micron SiC particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material |
| CN114226692A (en) * | 2021-12-20 | 2022-03-25 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Preparation method of porous metal-based composite material with double-wall core-shell structure hollow glass beads |
| CN114231779A (en) * | 2021-12-20 | 2022-03-25 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Preparation method of glass bead reinforced porous aluminum-based composite material |
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