CN115305315A - Protective slag material for plastic die steel casting and application thereof - Google Patents
Protective slag material for plastic die steel casting and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
- C21C7/076—Use of slags or fluxes as treating agents
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
- Continuous Casting (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a protective slag charge for plastic die steel casting and application thereof, wherein the protective slag charge comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: flue dust: 45-55, white slag powder in steel making: 25-35, calcium silicate powder: 12-18, soda powder: 4-6; when the protective slag ladle is used, the ingot mould is placed according to production requirements and cleaned, protective slag is hung at a position which is 30-40cm away from the bottom of the ingot mould, a packaging bag for protecting the slag is melted after casting is started, and the protective slag is uniformly spread on the surface of molten steel; observing the rising condition of the molten steel, supplementing slag charge in time according to the uneven thickness of the slag surface or the exposed condition of the molten steel, and checking the condition that protective slag charge covers the molten steel again until the casting is finished by taking the invisible light of the molten steel surface as a reference so as to ensure the feeding effect of a riser; the casting slag material provided by the invention takes waste as a raw material, the raw material is easy to obtain, the formula is simple, the cost is low, the surface defects of steel ingots can be obviously reduced, the surfaces of the cast steel ingots are smooth and have metallic luster, the absorption capacity of inclusions is strong, and the internal quality of the steel ingots is also improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of steel material preparation, in particular to a protective slag charge for plastic die steel casting and application thereof.
Background
The yellow stone is a national mold steel production base, the annual output is about 60 ten thousand tons, and the plastic mold steel accounts for a certain proportion. The plastic die steel has the property of stainless steel, but has higher physical and chemical performance requirements than the stainless steel, including high nickel-chromium stainless steel, when the steel is cast into steel ingots, because the content of alloy elements is very high, particularly easily oxidized elements such as Ai, ti, nb, cr, si and the like are contained, the alloy elements are easily oxidized into non-metallic inclusions when contacting with air, and because molten steel is viscous, when the lower pouring method is adopted for casting, once the molten steel meets a cold die wall (shown in the figure) in the rising process, a circle of hard shell is formed around the molten steel, namely a meniscus. The meniscus can hang the floating nonmetallic inclusion in the molten steel, so that the nonmetallic inclusion can not continuously float into a riser of a steel ingot, and subcutaneous inclusion is formed. From the appearance, the meniscus can form a ridge-to-ridge trace on the surface of the steel ingot, like a snake belly-shaped stripe, so that the product quality cannot be ensured, and unpredictable defect hidden dangers are caused to subsequent processing.
In the past, in order to avoid the inclusion under the skin of a steel ingot, the common method is to cast molten steel into a round ingot, and a layer of steel ingot surface is turned off by a lathe after cooling (commonly called as peeling), so that the loss of steel is about 8-10%. Later, casting mold flux was invented, and most of the mold flux was graphite-based mold flux mainly composed of graphite, but there were three major drawbacks in plastic mold steel and stainless steel: firstly, the graphite type casting powder has high carbon content, so that the surface of a steel ingot is carburized, the corrosion resistance of plastic mould steel is reduced, the mechanical property of a finished product material is uneven, steel is easy to crack, the early failure of the material is caused, even the whole material is scrapped (such as large mould explosion), and the carbon content of a common 721 graphite type casting powder system is 18-25%; secondly, the graphite casting powder has higher melting point, and the formation of a liquid slag layer is slower during casting, so that the lower half part of the steel ingot still has subcutaneous inclusion; thirdly, the used raw materials are complex, the formula is secret, the cost is higher, the material application is more specific, and the regeneration utilization rate is low.
Therefore, the research and development of the novel protective slag material for casting the environmental-friendly plastic mould steel, which has the advantages of convenient raw material source, wide application range, low cost, high waste utilization rate, no toxicity, no harm and no pollution, becomes a problem to be solved urgently in the industry.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a casting powder for casting plastic die steel and application thereof, aiming at solving the problems that the prior casting powder is easy to generate metallurgical defects in the casting process of the plastic die steel, the defects can not be completely eliminated, the material cost is high, the preparation is complex, the raw materials are difficult to obtain and the like.
The invention relates to a protective slag charge for plastic die steel casting, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: flue dust: 45-55, white slag powder in steel making: 25-35, calcium silicate powder: 12-18, soda powder: 4-6.
Preferably, the casting powder for casting the plastic die steel comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: flue dust: 50, white slag powder in steel making: 30, silicon calcium powder: 15, soda powder: 5.
the flue dust is fine dust collected by dust removal equipment in the flue gas of the power plant pulverized coal furnace, and comprises the following substances in percentage by mass: siO 2 2 ：46.86-49.76%，Al 2 O 3 ：32.54-34.67%，C：4.41-6.73%，MgO：1.37-1.69%，FeO：0.29-0.47%，CaO：2.13-3.22%，Na 2 O：1.22-1.56%、TiO 2 :0.83-1.09%, caS:0.33-0.56%, and the rest is inevitable impurities; the steelmaking white slag powder is reductive white slag with good steelmaking deoxidization, and 2CaO SiO in the slag 2 The crystal changes at 675 ℃, so that the volume is expanded, and the powder is naturally pulverized into white powder after cooling, wherein the white powder comprises the following substances in percentage by mass: caO:50-55% of SiO 2 ：15-20%，MgO：8-10%，CaF：5-8%，Al 2 O 3 ：2-3%，CaS<0.15%，FeO<0.50%，MnO<0.40%, and the others are unavoidable impurities; the silico-calcium powder is a deoxidizer used in an industrial steelmaking refining period, and contains Si:55-62%, ca:28-33%, al:2-2.5 percent and the melting temperature range is 980-1200 ℃; the soda powder is an industrial grade product sodium bicarbonate; the particle sizes of the raw materials of the flue dust, the steelmaking white slag powder, the calcium silicate powder and the soda powder are all less than 60 meshes.
The invention relates to a casting powder for plastic die steel, which is prepared by baking and drying solid powder to ensure that the moisture content of each raw material is less than 0.5%, sieving each raw material by a 60-mesh sieve, calculating the mixture ratio according to the design requirement of the components, fully and uniformly mixing the raw materials according to the ratio, and filling the mixture into a dry sealed iron barrel or a sealed plastic bag.
The invention relates to application of a protective slag material for plastic die steel casting in a plastic die steel or stainless steel ingot casting process.
The invention discloses an application of a protective slag material for plastic mould steel casting in a plastic mould steel or stainless steel ingot casting process, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Placing the steel ingot mould according to normal production requirements, and completely pumping residues and dust in the steel ingot mould by using an air pipe; casting by adopting a down-pouring method, correctly placing a riser, and checking the combination part of the ingot mould and the riser to prevent steel running accidents caused by overlarge gaps;
(2) Putting the baked and dried protective slag material into a small plastic bag in advance according to the proportion of 1-2 kilograms per ton of molten steel, and hanging the protective slag material in a steel ingot mould with the height of 30-40cm away from the bottom of the steel ingot mould;
(3) After the casting is started, the plastic packaging bags are melted by the temperature of the molten steel, and the protective slag is uniformly spread on the surface of the molten steel;
(4) Observing the rising condition of the molten steel, and supplementing slag charge in time according to the uneven thickness of the slag surface or the exposed condition of the molten steel, taking the invisible light on the molten steel surface as the standard;
(5) After the molten steel rises to the feeder head, the slag ladle is used for supplementing the slag, the thickness of the molten steel covered by the slag is adjusted, the molten steel is uniformly covered by the protective slag, and the condition that the molten steel is covered by the protective slag in the feeder head is checked again after the casting is finished, so that the heat loss of the molten steel is reduced, the solidification time of the molten steel is delayed, the feeding effect of the molten steel at the feeder head is ensured, and the shrinkage cavity or the center porosity of the steel ingot is avoided.
The novel protective slag material for plastic die steel casting has the following physical properties:
1. melting point: the deformation point is 1140-1180 ℃, the hemisphere point is 1152-1184 ℃, and the flowing point is 1160-1195 ℃;
2. melting speed: the melting speed is 25-56s at 1350 ℃, and 93-104s at 1250 ℃;
3. alkalinity: m (CaO)/m (SiO) 2 )=0.65-1.00；
4. Viscosity: viscosity value of 0.2-0.6 Pa.S (Pascal.s) at 1200-1480 deg.C;
5. a volume weight of about 0.7 g/cm 3 。
The raw materials used in the protective slag charge of the invention play the following roles in the invention:
flue dust: heat insulation and preservation. Because the flue dust covers the surface of the molten steel, the heat loss is reduced, the contact between air and the molten steel is isolated, and the secondary oxidation of the molten steel is prevented. The flue dust has light specific weight, small density and fluffy object, so the heat preservation effect is particularly good. And the raw materials are easy to obtain, the price is low, the waste is utilized, and the social target of resource conservation and environmental friendliness established in the Wuhan city circle is met.
White slag powder for steelmaking: and (4) adsorption. The white slag has reducing function and high purity, so that the interface of the steel slag can be purified, and inclusions floating in the molten steel, especially non-metallic inclusions and oxides generated in the casting process, can be adsorbed. The recovery of white slag powder in steel making still belongs to waste utilization.
Silicon calcium powder: fever and deoxidation. The calcium silicate powder is one of the composite strong deoxidizing agents, and has better deoxidizing effect than a single deoxidizing agent. The use of the calcium silicate powder has the effect of further diffusion deoxidation, and is equivalent to the diffusion deoxidation in the refining period during steel making. Since the deoxidation reaction is performed at the interface of the molten steel and the mold flux, the deoxidation product is absorbed by the mold flux. Therefore, the molten steel is not contaminated, but the molten steel is further purified. This process is a counter-exothermic reaction that reduces or eliminates possible surface defects in the ingot.
Soda powder: regulating viscosity. The viscosity represents the fluidity of the mold flux powder melted into liquid,the flowing property of the slag liquid has important influence on the effect of slag on absorbing the impurities. Soda powder is an inorganic compound, white fine crystals, a melting point of 270 ℃, a relative density of 2.16 and weak alkalinity. Because of its low melting point and decomposition reaction under heating conditions: 2NaHCO 3 =Na 2 CO 3 +H 2 O+CO 2 The carbon dioxide gas generated at ↓ foams and loosens the liquid slag, and the fluidity is particularly good.
The raw materials of the casting powder are matched with each other, so that the casting powder has the unique characteristics of high melting speed, good fluidity, strong adsorption capacity and uniform solidification and crusting on the surface of a steel ingot; the surface defects possibly generated by the steel ingot can be reduced or eliminated, such as: heavy skin, inclusions, peeling, surface cracks, and the like. The fluidity of the mold flux is the same as that of the molten slag in the refining period, and the viscosity can be adjusted by changing the basicity, the higher the basicity, the worse the fluidity. In the refining period, for desulfurization, the alkalinity is generally controlled within the range of 2.5-4, caF is added when the fluidity is poor, and the fluidity of the slag can be improved under the condition of not changing the alkalinity, so that the interfacial tension between the slag and the molten steel is reduced, and the desulfurization reaction is favorably carried out. The task of desulfurization in steel is completed in the refining period, so that the casting covering slag does not need to adopt high alkalinity. The basicity of the mold flux depends on the chemical composition, and the basicity value is defined as m (CaO)/m (SiO) 2 ) And (4) calculating. The alkalinity of the covering slag is set to be m (CaO)/m (SiO) 2 ) And the content of the coating is between 0.65 and 1.00, namely the mold flux is slightly acidic. The acid protective slag has larger silicon-oxygen ion compound groups, good fluidity and strong stability. The slag has a relatively gentle change in fluidity when cooled to the liquidus temperature. At the same time. NaCO in mold flux 3 、SiO 2 CaF, feO and the like are surface active substances, can reduce the surface tension of slag, and is beneficial to Al 2 O 3 、MgO、MnO、Cr 2 O 3 Impurities such as FeO and the like are adsorbed to bring the impurities into a riser for removing; molten steel in the steel ingot mold forms a meniscus under the action of surface tension, the molten steel is covered by protective slag and generates heat, so that the meniscus becomes thinner and softer, and a meniscus blank shell is easy to spread and straighten towards the steel ingot mold wall, so that the steel ingot surface is smooth and flat, and cracks are not easy to generate.
The invention relates to a protective slag charge for plastic die steel casting, which has the following action process in the protective casting process: once the casting powder contacts with the molten steel, the casting powder is heated, sintered and melted immediately, and a three-layer structure is formed on the molten steel surface: firstly, the contact surface with the molten steel is a melting layer which can reduce the absorption of oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen and other gases from the atmosphere, dissolve and absorb the impurities in the molten steel, and the melting layer is adhered to the film wall and has the functions of heat insulation and lubrication; the second is a sintering layer on the melting layer, which is a transition layer; and thirdly, the powdery layer is arranged on the sintered layer, plays a role in heat insulation and preservation, plays a role in flame in combustion, has a function of expelling air in the mould, delays the crystallization time of molten steel of a riser and plays a good feeding effect.
The casting powder of the invention has three characteristics when casting plastic mould steel such as 3Cr2MnNiMo, 3Cr17NiMo, 4Cr13NiMoV, 5Cr14NiMoVNbN, 2Cr13, 38CrMoAl, 9Cr18MoV steel and high chromium nickel stainless steel such as 1Cr18Ni9Ti,1Cr18Ni11Si4AlTi,12Cr17Ni7 and 0Cr18Ni12Mo2Ti steel: first, it almost completely eliminates "subcutaneous inclusions". Because the novel protective slag material has low melting point and high melting speed, when the protective slag material contacts the rising molten steel at 1500 ℃, the protective slag material is immediately melted to form a layer of slag shell which is attached to the mold wall, lubricated and insulated. In addition, the covering slag is burnt to generate heat, so that the meniscus is thin even if the meniscus exists, and can be straightened by the pressure of the floating molten steel and attached to a slag shell to be flattened, floating impurities cannot be hung, and no subcutaneous inclusion exists. In fact, the surface of the steel ingot of the plastic mould cast by the covering slag does not have the snake belly-shaped stripe. The surface of the steel ingot is straight and flat from the top to the bottom, and is silvery. Second, he does not carburise the ingot. Because of its particularly low carbon content (about 3-5% carbon), while the 721 graphite slag system contains about 18-25% carbon. Thirdly, the casting powder has good heat preservation effect and is matched with a heat insulation riser for use, so that the crystallization time of molten steel at the top is delayed, a good feeding effect is achieved, and shrinkage cavities or center looseness of steel ingots is reduced or eliminated.
Secondly, the mold powder of the invention has the following twoThe advantages are that: firstly, it contains 12-18% of calcium silicate powder, and can make oxide such as Cr come into contact with molten steel 2 O 3 、Al 2 O 3 、TiO 2 The Cr, al and Ti are reduced into metal Cr, al and Ti which are returned to molten steel to be harmful and beneficial, and the metal Cr, al and Ti are an exothermic oxidation-reduction reaction, and the heat not only helps the solid slag to be melted into liquid slag, but also can thin and soften the meniscus, and helps the surface of the steel ingot to be smooth without peeling. Secondly, the casting powder is a slightly acidic glass, and can adsorb floating oxides and the like, and the floating oxides and the like float upwards into a riser of a steel ingot together, so that the effect of purifying the internal quality of the steel ingot is achieved.
After the protective slag material is applied to actual production, the protective slag material can obviously improve the surface quality of steel ingots and the inherent purity of steel, and directly or indirectly reduce the production cost of the steel ingots. According to the method, the yield of each ton of steel is only reduced by 1 percent due to surface defects such as subcutaneous inclusions and shrinkage porosity, the yield of each ton of steel is 15000 yuan, 10 ten thousand tons of plastic die steel (containing stainless steel) are produced every year, and the cost is about 1500 ten thousand yuan per year. Furthermore, the method is simple. The graphite mold flux is purchased at 721 about 3500 yuan per ton, 10 ten thousand tons of plastic mold steel (including stainless steel) are produced annually, about 300 tons of mold flux is used, and the cost is about 100 ten thousand yuan. The manufacturing cost required by the novel covering slag is about 2000 yuan per ton. Therefore, the use of the covering slag can save 60 ten thousand yuan all the year. Therefore, the novel protective slag material for plastic die steel casting has the advantages of prominent technical effect and obvious economic benefit.
The protective slag material has the advantages of wide raw material source, easy preparation method, simple use method and obvious use effect. The main raw materials are all waste materials, meet the national environmental protection requirements and circular economy policies, and are a novel environment-friendly special protective material without toxicity, harm and pollution. The method is mainly used for the protective casting of plastic die steel, is also used for the protective casting of stainless steel, particularly the steel containing Al and Ti, and can also be used for the protective casting of hot-work die steel and cold-work die steel. The method also achieves satisfactory effect on the protective casting of the high-temperature alloy steel.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a physical diagram of a steel ingot obtained by protective casting with the protective slag charge of the invention in example 1 of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a physical diagram of a steel ingot obtained by protective casting with the protective slag charge of the invention in example 2 of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to better explain the technical solution of the present invention, the technical solution of the present invention is further described below with reference to specific examples, which are only exemplary to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention and do not limit the present invention in any way.
Example 1
This example will be described in detail by taking a protective casting process of a 3Cr17NiMo plastic die steel ingot as an example.
The casting powder for casting the plastic die steel comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: flue dust: 50, steelmaking white slag powder: 30, silicon calcium powder: 15, soda powder: 5.
the flue dust is fine dust collected by dust removal equipment in flue gas of a pulverized coal furnace of a power plant, and comprises the following substances in percentage by mass: siO 2 2 ：48.76%，Al 2 O 3 ：33.54%，C：5.00%，MgO：1.45%，FeO：0.32%，CaO：2.45%，Na 2 O：1.42%、TiO 2 :1.02%, caS:0.43%, and the others are unavoidable impurities; the steelmaking white slag powder is reductive white slag with good steelmaking deoxidization, and 2CaO & SiO in the slag 2 The crystal changes at 675 ℃, the volume is expanded, and the white powder is naturally pulverized after cooling, wherein the white powder comprises the following substances in percentage by mass: caO:52.3% of SiO 2 ：16.8%，MgO：8.72%，CaF：6.55%，Al 2 O 3 :2.33%, caS:0.08%, feO:0.38%, mnO:0.32%, and the others are unavoidable impurities; the silico-calcium powder is a deoxidizer used in an industrial steelmaking refining period, and contains Si:58.5%, ca:31.3%, al:2.3 percent; the soda powder is an industrial grade product sodium bicarbonate; the particle sizes of the raw materials of the flue dust, the steelmaking white slag powder, the silicon calcium powder and the soda powder are all less than 60 meshes。
The casting mold powder for casting plastic mold steel of the embodiment is prepared by baking and drying solid powder to make the water content of each raw material less than 0.5%, sieving each raw material with a 60-mesh sieve, calculating the mixture ratio according to the design requirements of the components, fully and uniformly mixing according to the ratio, and filling into a dry sealed iron barrel or a sealed plastic bag.
The application of the protective slag material for plastic die steel casting in the plastic die steel ingot casting process is disclosed in the embodiment.
The application of the protective slag material for plastic die steel casting in the 3Cr17NiMo plastic die steel ingot casting process comprises the following steps:
(1) The steel grade of the molten steel is 3Cr17NiMo, the molten steel amount is about 5 tons, and the molten steel is smelted in an intermediate frequency furnace of 5 tons. The capacity of a steel ladle is 6 tons, a steel ladle molten steel flowing port is manually braked by a plug rod type, casting is carried out by a lower pouring method, 8 base plates are placed into one plate, 8 ESR ingot molds are placed, and each support is 600 kilograms; completely pumping residues and dust in the steel ingot mould by using an air pipe, correctly placing a riser, and checking the combination part of the steel ingot mould and the riser to prevent steel leakage accidents caused by overlarge gaps;
(2) Putting prepared and baked dry protective slag materials into small plastic bags, wherein each small bag of protective slag material weighs about 1.5 kilograms and is hung in a steel ingot mould with the height of 30cm away from the bottom of the steel ingot mould;
(3) The tapping temperature is 1546 ℃, the casting temperature is 1522 ℃, the casting is normal, after the casting is started, the temperature of the molten steel melts the plastic packaging bag, and the protective slag is uniformly spread on the surface of the molten steel;
(4) Observing the rising condition of the molten steel, and sequentially carrying out the phenomenon of 'visible light' of the molten steel in individual steel ingot moulds, which is the condition that the molten steel is exposed, and supplementing protective slag materials by using a slag ladle at the moment so as to take the invisible light of the molten steel surface as the standard;
(5) After the molten steel rises to a riser, the slag ladle is used for supplementing slag, the thickness of the molten steel covered by the slag is adjusted, so that the molten steel is uniformly covered by the protective slag, when the molten steel rises to 1/2 of the riser, a heat insulating agent is added to carbonize rice hulls, at the moment, three layers of the protective slag are formed earlier, a melting layer and a sintering layer cannot be directly observed by naked eyes, the slag surface is uniformly covered, and when the casting is finished, the condition that the molten steel is covered by the protective slag in the riser is checked again, the heat loss of the molten steel is reduced, the solidification time of the molten steel is delayed, the feeding effect of the molten steel at the riser part is ensured, and the shrinkage cavity or the center porosity of a steel ingot is avoided.
(6) When the casting is finished, the final casting temperature is 1481 ℃, the ingot body is 4 minutes and 10 seconds, the riser is 2 minutes and 46 seconds, and the total casting time is 6 minutes and 56 seconds; after the steel ingot is cast, carrying out die-drawing and demoulding after 1 hour of die cooling, burying sand and slowly cooling for more than 24 hours, and carrying out air cooling and then intensively feeding into an electroslag workshop for electroslag remelting.
Referring to fig. 1, after the 3Cr17NiMo plastic die steel ingot of this example is demolded, the ingot is observed, the riser shrinks well, and the ingot body is smooth and clean without trace and is silver gray. The three-layer structure of the casting powder is clear and visible, the melting layer is in a colored glaze state, the sintering layer is in a solid state, and the heat-insulating layer is still in a powder state, wherein the unburned part is about 10 percent.
After the protective casting of the protective slag material of the embodiment, the steel ingot of the embodiment has good shrinkage, the ingot body is smooth and has no trace, no subcutaneous inclusion exists on the surface, no serpentuate stripe occurs, and the surface does not need to be cleaned before electroslag remelting.
In the production practice of recent years, a large amount of 3Cr17NiMo steel is produced every year, and a relatively satisfactory effect is achieved, which shows that the protective slag material plays a good protective role in the 3Cr17NiMo steel casting process.
Example 2
This example will explain the protective casting process of 1Cr18Ni9Ti austenitic stainless steel in detail.
The casting powder for casting the plastic die steel comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: flue dust: 45, white slag powder in steel making: 35, silicon calcium powder: 12, soda powder: 6.
the flue dust is fine dust collected by dust removal equipment in the flue gas of the power plant pulverized coal furnace, and comprises the following substances in percentage by mass: siO 2 2 ：46.86%，Al 2 O 3 ：34.67%，C：6.73%，MgO：1.37%，FeO：0.29%，CaO：3.22%，Na 2 O：1.22%、TiO 2 ：1.09%、CaS：0.33%, and the others are unavoidable impurities; the steelmaking white slag powder is reductive white slag with good steelmaking deoxidization, and 2CaO & SiO in the slag 2 The crystal changes at 675 ℃, the volume is expanded, and the white powder is naturally pulverized after cooling, wherein the white powder comprises the following substances in percentage by mass: caO:50% of SiO 2 ：15%，MgO：10%，CaF：8%，Al 2 O 3 :3%, caS:0.10%, feO:0.42%, mnO:0.25%, and the others are unavoidable impurities; the silico-calcium powder is a deoxidizer used in an industrial steelmaking refining period, and contains Si:62%, ca:28%, al:2 percent; the soda powder is an industrial grade product sodium bicarbonate; the particle sizes of the raw materials of the flue dust, the steelmaking white slag powder, the calcium silicate powder and the soda powder are all less than 60 meshes.
The casting mold powder for casting plastic mold steel of the embodiment is prepared by baking and drying solid powder to make the water content of each raw material less than 0.5%, sieving each raw material with a 60-mesh sieve, calculating the mixture ratio according to the design requirements of the components, fully and uniformly mixing according to the ratio, and filling into a dry sealed iron barrel or a sealed plastic bag.
The application of the protective slag material for plastic die steel casting in the stainless steel ingot casting process is provided.
The application of the protective slag material for plastic die steel casting in the 1Cr18Ni9Ti austenitic stainless steel ingot casting process comprises the following steps:
(1) The steel grade of the molten steel is 1Cr18Ni9Ti, the quantity of the molten steel is about 15 tons, and the molten steel is smelted in an intermediate frequency furnace with 15 tons, refined outside the furnace and degassed in vacuum. The capacity of the ladle is 16 tons, and a molten steel flowing port of the ladle is manually braked by a sliding water gap. Pouring, namely pouring, placing 8 ingot molds in a tray with 8 bottom plates, wherein each ingot mold is 1.8 tons; completely pumping residues and dust in the steel ingot mould by using an air pipe, correctly placing a riser, and checking the combination part of the steel ingot mould and the riser to prevent steel leakage accidents caused by overlarge gaps;
(2) Putting prepared and baked dry protective slag materials into small plastic bags, wherein each small bag of protective slag material weighs 3.6 kilograms and is hung in a steel ingot mould with the height of 40cm away from the bottom of the steel ingot mould;
(3) After the air is broken, the final temperature is 1538 ℃, the start-up temperature is 1516 ℃, the casting is normal, after the casting is started, the temperature of the molten steel melts the plastic packaging bag, and the protective slag is uniformly spread on the surface of the molten steel;
(4) Observing the rising condition of the molten steel in the die, and successively having the phenomenon of 'visible light' of the molten steel in the individual steel ingot die, which is the condition that the molten steel is exposed, and supplementing the protective slag charge by using a slag ladle at the moment by taking the invisible light of the molten steel surface as the standard;
(5) After the molten steel rises to the riser, the slag ladle is used for supplementing slag materials, the thickness of the slag materials covering the molten steel is adjusted, so that the protective slag uniformly covers the molten steel, at the moment, three layers of the protective slag are formed, a melting layer and a sintering layer cannot be directly observed by naked eyes, the slag surface is uniformly covered, and the riser is covered with rice husks to form a pagoda shape until the casting is finished, so that the thickness of the heat-insulating layer is increased, and the defect of steel ingot shrinkage possibly caused by low temperature is prevented.
(6) When the casting is finished, the final casting temperature is 1488 ℃, the ingot body is 7 minutes and 10 seconds, the riser is 5 minutes and 22 seconds, and the total casting time is 12 minutes and 32 seconds; after the steel ingot is cast, after 1 hour and 45-time mold splitting cooling, drawing the mold together with the steel ingot mold and the steel ingot, hoisting the mold into a slow cooling pit, and demoulding after slow cooling for more than 24 hours.
Referring to fig. 2, after the ingot of the 1Cr18Ni9Ti austenitic stainless steel of this example was demolded, the ingot was observed to have good shrinkage of the feeder head, the ingot body was smooth and clean without marks, no "subcutaneous inclusions" on the surface, no serpentine-shaped streaks, and the ingot was silver gray. The three-layer structure of the covering slag is clearly seen, the melting layer is in a colored glaze state, the sintering layer is in a solid state, and the heat-insulating layer is still powdery, wherein the unburned part is about 6-8%.
After the casting powder of the embodiment is used for casting, the steel ingot of the embodiment has good shrinkage, the ingot body is smooth and has no trace, the surface has no subcutaneous inclusion, no zigzag stripe, and the steel ingot is silver gray, which shows that the casting powder of the embodiment plays a good role in protecting 1Cr18Ni9Ti austenitic stainless steel during the casting process.
Example 3
This example describes the protective casting process of 38CrMoAl plastic die steel in detail.
38CrMoAl Steel grade, nationalThe standard columns are alloy structural steels. In practical use, the plastic injection molding machine is widely used for injection molding machine cylinders and push rods, and is also used for low-end plastic product molds. 38CrMoAl is a steel ingot casting link in the production process, and two problems often occur: when the casting is carried out at low temperature, subcutaneous inclusions are easy to generate; when cast at high temperature, the segregation tends to form in a dotted manner. Al is easy to appear between columnar crystal and isometric crystal 2 O 3 、H 2 、N 2 Inclusions and gas agglomeration. After the cylinder body and the mould are manufactured, under the double actions of the hot corrosion and the gravity of plastics, pits and pits appear on the cylinder body or the mould, which seriously influences the quality of plastic products and the service life of the cylinder body mould. The casting speed is controlled, and the casting by using the casting powder is an effective way for improving the quality of 38CrMoAl products and avoiding the defects.
The casting mold powder for plastic mold steel casting of the embodiment comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: flue dust: 55, white slag powder in steel making: 25, silicon calcium powder: 18, soda powder: 4.
the flue dust is fine dust collected by dust removal equipment in flue gas of a pulverized coal furnace of a power plant, and comprises the following substances in percentage by mass: siO 2 2 ：49.76%，Al 2 O 3 ：32.54%，C：4.41%，MgO：1.69%，FeO：0.47%，CaO：2.13%，Na 2 O：1.56%、TiO 2 :0.83%, caS:0.56%, and the others are unavoidable impurities; the steelmaking white slag powder is reductive white slag with good steelmaking deoxidization, and 2CaO & SiO in the slag 2 The crystal changes at 675 ℃, so that the volume is expanded, and the powder is naturally pulverized into white powder after cooling, wherein the white powder comprises the following substances in percentage by mass: caO:55% of SiO 2 ：20%，MgO：8%，CaF：5%，Al 2 O 3 :2%, caS:0.07%, feO:0.38%, mnO:0.37 percent, and the rest are inevitable impurities; the silico-calcium powder is a deoxidizer used in an industrial steelmaking refining period, and contains Si:55%, ca:33%, al:2.5 percent; the soda powder is an industrial grade product sodium bicarbonate; the particle sizes of the raw materials of the flue dust, the steelmaking white slag powder, the calcium silicate powder and the soda powder are all less than 60 meshes.
The casting mold powder for casting plastic mold steel of the embodiment is prepared by baking and drying solid powder to make the water content of each raw material less than 0.5%, sieving each raw material with a 60-mesh sieve, mixing the raw materials uniformly according to the proportion, and filling the mixture into a dry sealed iron barrel or a sealed plastic bag.
The application of the protective slag material for plastic die steel casting in the plastic die steel ingot casting process is provided.
The application of the protective slag material for plastic mold steel casting in the steel ingot casting process of the 38CrMoAl plastic mold steel comprises the following steps:
(1) The steel grade of the molten steel is 38CrMoAl, the quantity of the molten steel is about 15 tons, and the molten steel is smelted in an intermediate frequency furnace with 15 tons, refined outside the furnace and degassed in vacuum. The capacity of the ladle is 16 tons, and a molten steel flowing port of the ladle is manually braked by a sliding water gap. Pouring, namely pouring, placing 8 ingot molds in a tray with 8 bottom plates, wherein each ingot mold is 1.8 tons; completely pumping residues and dust in the steel ingot mould by using an air pipe, correctly placing a riser, and checking the combination part of the steel ingot mould and the riser to prevent steel leakage accidents caused by overlarge gaps;
(2) Putting prepared and baked dry protective slag into small plastic bags, wherein each small plastic bag is 2.7 kg in weight and is hung in a steel ingot mold with the height of 35cm away from the bottom of the steel ingot mold;
(3) The final temperature is 1555 ℃ after the air is broken, the casting temperature is 1530 ℃, the normal casting is carried out, after the casting is started, the temperature of the molten steel enables the plastic packaging bag to be melted, and the protective slag material is uniformly spread on the surface of the molten steel;
(4) Observing the rising condition of the molten steel in the die, and successively having the phenomenon of 'visible light' of the molten steel in the individual steel ingot die, which is the condition that the molten steel is exposed, and supplementing the protective slag charge by using a slag ladle at the moment by taking the invisible light of the molten steel surface as the standard;
(5) After the molten steel rises to the riser, the slag ladle is used for supplementing the slag, the thickness of the slag covering the molten steel is adjusted, so that the protective slag uniformly covers the molten steel, at the moment, three layers of the protective slag are formed, a melting layer and a sintering layer cannot be directly observed by naked eyes, the slag surface is uniformly covered, and the riser is covered with rice husks to form a pagoda shape after the casting is finished, so that the thickness of the heat-insulating layer is increased, and the defect of steel ingot shrinkage possibly caused by low temperature is prevented.
(6) When the casting is finished, the final casting temperature is 1498 ℃, the ingot body is 7 minutes and 33 seconds, the riser is 5 minutes and 48 seconds, and the total casting time is 13 minutes and 21 seconds; after the steel ingot is cast, after 1 hour and 45 minutes of mold cooling, drawing the mold together with the steel ingot mold and the steel ingot, hanging the mold into a slow cooling pit, and demoulding after slow cooling for more than 24 hours.
After the 38CrMoAl plastic die steel ingot is demoulded, the ingot is observed, the shrinkage of a riser is good, the ingot body is smooth and has no trace, the surface has no subcutaneous inclusion, no snake belly-shaped stripe, and the ingot is silver gray. The three-layer structure of the covering slag is clearly seen, the melting layer is in a colored glaze state, the sintering layer is in a solid state, and the heat-insulating layer is still powdery, wherein the unburned part is about 10 percent.
After the 38CrMoAl plastic die steel is subjected to the protective casting by the protective slag, the steel ingot after demolding is good in shrinkage, the ingot body is smooth and clean without marks, no subcutaneous inclusions exist on the surface, no snake-belly-shaped specks exist, and the steel ingot is silver gray, so that the protective slag material plays a good role in protecting the 38CrMoAl plastic die steel during the protective casting process.
The long-term tracking of the use condition of the casting powder disclosed by the invention shows that the casting powder disclosed by the invention has a particularly obvious effect in casting die steel or stainless steel containing Al and Ti. In addition to the above effects, the point segregation is reduced, and the center carbon segregation is not observed, resulting in an unexpected effect.
The embodiments described above are merely specific examples of the present invention exemplified for explaining the present invention, and do not limit the present invention in any way, and any insubstantial changes from the above-described contents and forms without departing from the scope of the present invention are considered to fall within the scope of the present invention as claimed.
Claims (6)
1. The casting mold powder for plastic mold steel casting is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: flue dust: 45-55, white slag powder for steelmaking: 25-35, calcium silicate powder: 12-18, soda powder: 4-6.
2. The mold flux for plastic mold steel casting according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: flue dust: 50, steelmaking white slag powder: 30, silicon calcium powder: 15, soda powder: 5.
3. the mold flux for plastic mold steel casting according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the flue dust is fine dust collected by dust removal equipment in the flue gas of the power plant pulverized coal furnace, and comprises the following substances in percentage by mass: siO 2 2 ：46.86-49.76%，Al 2 O 3 ：32.54-34.67%，C：4.41-6.73%，MgO：1.37-1.69%，FeO：0.29-0.47%，CaO：2.13-3.22%，Na 2 O：1.22-1.56%，TiO 2 :0.83-1.09%, caS:0.33-0.56%, and the rest is unavoidable impurities; the steelmaking white slag powder is reductive white slag with good steelmaking deoxidization, and 2CaO SiO in the slag 2 The crystal changes at 675 ℃, the volume is expanded, and the white powder is naturally pulverized after cooling, wherein the white powder comprises the following substances in percentage by mass: caO:50-55% of SiO 2 ：15-20%，MgO：8-10%，CaF：5-8%，Al 2 O 3 ：2-3%，CaS<0.15%，FeO<0.50%，MnO<0.40%, and the others are unavoidable impurities; the silico-calcium powder is a deoxidizer used in an industrial steelmaking refining period, and contains Si:55-62%, ca:28-33%, al:2-2.5 percent, and the melting temperature range is 980-1200 ℃; the soda powder is an industrial grade product sodium bicarbonate; the particle sizes of the raw materials of the flue dust, the steelmaking white slag powder, the silicon calcium powder and the soda powder are all less than 60 meshes.
4. The mold flux for plastic mold steel casting according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the preparation method comprises baking and drying solid powder to make water content of each raw material less than 0.5%, sieving each raw material with 60 mesh sieve, calculating the ratio according to the design requirement of components, mixing well, and packaging into dry sealed iron barrel or sealed plastic bag.
5. Use of the mold flux for casting plastic mold steel according to claim 1 or 2 in a process for casting plastic mold steel or stainless steel ingots.
6. The application of the casting slag for plastic mould steel casting in the process of casting plastic mould steel or stainless steel ingots according to claim 5 is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Placing a steel ingot mould according to normal production requirements, and completely pumping residues and dust in the steel ingot mould by using an air pipe; casting by adopting a down-pouring method, correctly placing a riser, and checking the combination part of the ingot mould and the riser to prevent steel running accidents caused by overlarge gaps;
(2) Putting the baked and dried protective slag material into a small plastic bag in advance according to the proportion of 1-2 kilograms per ton of molten steel, and hanging the protective slag material in a steel ingot mould with the height of 30-40cm away from the bottom of the steel ingot mould;
(3) After the casting is started, the plastic packaging bags are melted by the temperature of the molten steel, and the protective slag is uniformly spread on the surface of the molten steel;
(4) Observing the rising condition of the molten steel, and timely replenishing slag charge according to the uneven thickness of the slag surface or the exposed condition of the molten steel, wherein the condition that the molten steel surface does not see light is taken as the standard;
(5) After the molten steel rises to the feeder head, the slag ladle is used for supplementing the slag, the thickness of the molten steel covered by the slag is adjusted, the molten steel is uniformly covered by the protective slag, and the condition that the molten steel is covered by the protective slag in the feeder head is checked again after the casting is finished, so that the heat loss of the molten steel is reduced, the solidification time of the molten steel is delayed, the feeding effect of the molten steel at the feeder head is ensured, and the shrinkage cavity or the center porosity of the steel ingot is avoided.
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