CN115304385A - 一种中间包保温层用耐火材料、中间包保温层及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种中间包保温层用耐火材料、中间包保温层及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN115304385A
CN115304385A CN202210954349.3A CN202210954349A CN115304385A CN 115304385 A CN115304385 A CN 115304385A CN 202210954349 A CN202210954349 A CN 202210954349A CN 115304385 A CN115304385 A CN 115304385A
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tundish
insulating layer
heat
refractory material
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刘孟
肖同达
张剑君
邹龙
彭著刚
万菲
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Wuhan Iron and Steel Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明属于炼钢连铸用耐火材料技术领域,公开了一种中间包保温层用耐火材料、中间包保温层及其制备方法。所述中间包保温层用耐火材料由以下质量百分比的原料组成:重质骨料50‑65%、轻质填充料20‑30%、结合剂5‑10%、添加剂3‑8%、体积稳定剂3‑8%、金属纤维0.5‑3%。将该耐火材料与水混合得到混合料,将混合料倒入中间包与胎膜的缝隙中,或直接喷涂、涂抹于中间包内壁上,成型后干燥,即可得到中间包保温层。本发明通过开发新型耐火材料,以新型耐火材料制备中间包保温层,使保温层同时具有保温性能好、强度高、抗热震、抗渣侵蚀以及寿命长等特点。

Description

一种中间包保温层用耐火材料、中间包保温层及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于炼钢连铸用耐火材料技术领域,具体涉及一种中间包保温层用耐火材料、中间包保温层及其制备方法。
背景技术
中间包作为连铸过程中钢包和结晶器之间用来承接钢水的过渡装置,不仅是钢水的储存器和分配器,还是钢水的精炼容器,用来稳定钢流,减小钢流对结晶器中坯壳的冲刷;使钢液在中间包内有合理的流场和适当长的停留时间,以保证钢水温度均匀及非金属杂物分离上浮,保证钢水洁净度和多炉连浇,是提高钢材质量和连铸效率的重要环节。中间包结构一般分为三层,即保温层、永久层和工作衬。保温层的主要作用是对钢水进行保温,减少浇注过程中钢水的温降,保温层使用的耐火材料对于保温层的性能具有重大影响。
专利CN107235741A公开了一种新型轻质耐火材料,包括以下重量的组份:氧化铝空心球50~70份,电熔刚玉粉7~13份,碳酸钙1~3份,改性白炭黑3~6份,氧化锆0.5~1份,二氧化锰2~5份和金属钼0.5~1份;该材料在实际使用过程中收缩会较大,且高温结合强度较低。专利CN104744056A公开了一种轻质耐火材料及其制备方法,由以下成分组成:炉渣5-80份,粘土3-60份,高铝矾土2-15份,碳酸钡5-20份,抗裂纤维10-30份,木质素磺酸钠4-8份,助剂0-3份,水40-80份;该材料具有网状的微观结构,但炉渣的大量使用,限制了其使用寿命。专利CN103979977A公开了一种用中低品位铝矾土合成莫来石质轻质耐火材料的方法,该发明采用莫来石和刚玉为主晶相,虽然具有较高的寿命,但是保温效果在实际使用过程中欠佳。
总体而言,现有的各种保温层耐火材料实际使用过程中存在强度较低,易侵蚀破损,从而影响保温性能等缺点,这些缺点制约了中间包保温性能的提升。因此,研究和开发保温性能更好、使用强度更高的中间包保温层耐火材料对于连铸生产具有积极作用。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是针对现有技术存在的不足,提供一种中间包保温层用耐火材料、中间包保温层及其制备方法,通过开发新型耐火材料,以新型耐火材料制备中间包保温层,使保温层同时具有保温性能好、强度高、抗热震、抗渣侵蚀以及寿命长等特点。
为解决本发明所提出的技术问题,本发明提供一种中间包保温层用耐火材料,由以下质量百分比的原料组成:重质骨料50-65%、轻质填充料20-30%、结合剂5-10%、添加剂3-8%、体积稳定剂3-8%、金属纤维0.5-3%。
上述方案中,所述重质骨料为焙烧火泥、煅烧焦宝石、叶腊石、硅熔块、白云石、电熔氧化锆、电熔锆莫来石、电熔镁砂、电熔尖晶石中两种以上的组合。
进一步地,所述重质骨料中MgO和Al2O3的质量百分含量之和>50%。
进一步地,所述重质骨料的粒径为0.08-5mm。
上述方案中,所述轻质填充料为泡沫聚苯乙烯、硅藻土、浮石、微孔陶瓷空心球、烧结多孔氧化铝、刚玉-尖晶石空心球中的一种或几种。
进一步地,所述轻质填充料的孔隙率为50-80%。
进一步地,所述轻质填充料的粒径为0.3-1.5mm。
上述方案中,所述结合剂为水泥类结合剂。
进一步地,所述结合剂为铝酸钙水泥,其中CaO的质量百分含量为25-35%。
上述方案中,所述添加剂为粘土、玻璃纤维、废纸浆、硅微粉、铝微粉中的一种或几种。
进一步地,所述粘土的粒径小于100μm;所述玻璃纤维的直径为5-15μm,长度为5-10mm;所述废纸浆的粒径为1-10mm;所述硅微粉和铝微粉的粒径为1-10μm。
上述方案中,所述体积稳定剂为粉末状的矿石或矿土。
进一步地,所述体积稳定剂为蓝晶石、粘土、膨润土中的一种或几种。
进一步地,所述体积稳定剂的粒径为5-15μm。
上述方案中,所述金属纤维为不锈钢、碳钢、铬合金、铜合金、铝合金、钛合金中的一种或几种。
进一步地,所述金属纤维的直径为0.3-1mm,长度为30-50mm。
本发明还提供一种采用所述耐火材料制备中间包保温层的方法,具体包括以下步骤:
1)按质量百分比称取耐火材料的原料,搅拌混匀,形成干混料;
2)向干混料中加水,搅拌混匀,得到混合料;
3)将混合料倒入中间包与胎膜的缝隙中,或直接喷涂、涂抹于中间包内壁上,成型后干燥,得到中间包保温层。
上述方案中,步骤1)中的搅拌速率为50-250r/min,搅拌时间为0.5-2h。
上述方案中,所述水的添加量为干混料质量的10-20%,控制加水量,可保证结合剂在低温下可充分进行化学反应,提供材料在低温下的结合强度。
上述方案中,步骤2)中的搅拌过程为,先以30-60r/min的速率搅拌5-15min,再以100-150r/min的速率搅拌2-6min,对搅拌过程的控制可保证物料之间充分均匀化,实现颗粒之间的最紧密堆积。
上述方案中,所述干燥温度为110-400℃,干燥时间为0.5-1.5h。
本发明还提供一种中间包保温层,它是由上述方案制备得到的。
上述方案中,所述中间包保温层的厚度为100-200mm。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果为:
1)本发明开发了一种新型耐火材料,通过对重质骨料中MgO和Al2O3化学组成的控制可保证在高温使用过程中材料具有较高的耐火度;通过采用轻质多孔材料作为填料,能够使得混合料成型后内部形成多孔结构,从而保证保温层的保温性能;更重要的是,通过结合剂、添加剂和体积稳定剂共同组成梯度结合剂,在不同温度范围形成不同的粘结效果,一方面,可以充分保证多孔材料与骨料之间的结合性能,大幅降低混合料的显气孔率,有利于在使用过程中抵挡高温液体金属和熔渣的侵蚀破坏,从而大幅提升保温层的抗侵蚀性能,另一方面,可保证保温层在低温和高温下形成梯级结合,高温下可在轻质填料之间形成陶瓷结合,进一步提高保温层的高温结合强度,同时,材料在使用过程中形成高熔点铝酸钙物相,可以进一步降低液体金属和熔渣对结合相的侵蚀速率,从而提高保温层的使用寿命;此外,金属纤维的添加,主要是增强保温层的高温强度;通过以上各组分的协同配合,使耐火材料具有优异的性能。
2)本发明以新型耐火材料制备中间包保温层,制备的保温层导热系数为0.5~1W/m·K,110℃×24h耐压强度为2~5MPa,1550℃×3h耐压强度为6~10MPa,耐火度大于1700℃,线变化率为-2%~+2%,实际使用连浇炉大于800炉,具有保温性能好、强度高、抗热震性好、抗渣侵蚀性能好以及寿命长的特点。
3)本发明耐火材料除了适用于中间包外,还可用于钢包、转炉烟罩保温、电炉以及其它冶炼金属容器等耐高温领域。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1制备的中间包保温层在1500℃烧结3h后的显微结构。
具体实施方式
为了更好地理解本发明,下面结合实施例进一步阐明本发明的内容,但本发明的内容不仅仅局限于下面的实施例。
以下实施例中,采用《YB/T 4130-2005耐火材料导热系数试验方法》测试导热系数,采用《GB/T 5072-2008耐火材料常温耐压强度试验方法》测试耐压强度,采用《GB/T7322-1997耐火材料耐火度试验方法》测试耐火度,采用《GB/T 5988-2007耐火材料加热永久线变化试验方法》测试线变化率。
实施例1
一种中间包保温层用耐火材料,由以下原料组成:
1)重质骨料:质量占比55%,由焙烧火泥、硅熔块、电熔氧化锆和电熔镁砂按质量比5:1:1:5混合而成,其中MgO和Al2O3的含量之和为75%,粒径为1mm;
2)轻质填充料:质量占比25%,由烧结多孔氧化铝和泡沫聚苯乙烯按质量比1:2混合而成,粒径为0.7mm,孔隙率为55%;
3)结合剂:质量占比5%,为铝酸钙水泥,其中CaO的含量为26.5%;
4)添加剂:质量占比6%,由粘土和硅微粉按质量比1:1混合而成,其中粘土的粒径为80μm,硅微粉的粒径为5μm;
5)体积稳定剂:质量占比7%,为蓝晶石,粒径为6μm;
6)金属纤维:质量占比2%,由不锈钢和碳钢按质量比1:1混合而成,金属纤维的直径和长度分别为0.4mm和30mm。
一种采用所述耐火材料制备中间包保温层的方法,具体包括以下步骤:
1)按上述质量百分比称取耐火材料的原料,混合后以100r/min的速率搅拌1h,形成干混料;
2)向干混料中加水,水的添加量为干混料质量的12%,先以30r/min的速率搅拌10min,再以100r/min的速率搅拌2min,得到混合料;
3)将混合料倒入中间包与胎膜的缝隙中,成型后脱模,在200℃干燥1h,得到厚度为150mm的中间包保温层。
图1为本实施例制备的中间包保温层在1500℃烧结3h后的显微结构图,从图中可以看出,保温层具有均匀的多孔结构,可以提高保温层的保温效果。
经测试,本实施例制备的中间包保温层其导热系数为0.6W/m·K,110℃×24h耐压强度为2.5MPa,1550℃×3h耐压强度为7.5MPa,耐火度为1780℃,线变化率为0.5%,实际使用连浇炉850炉,具有保温性能好、强度高、抗热震性好、抗渣侵蚀性能好以及寿命长的特点。
实施例2
一种中间包保温层用耐火材料,由以下原料组成:
1)重质骨料:质量占比60%,由焙烧火泥、煅烧焦宝石、叶腊石和电熔尖晶石按质量比1:1:1:1混合而成,其中MgO和Al2O3的含量之和为65%,粒径为2mm;
2)轻质填充料:质量占比20%,由泡沫聚苯乙烯、硅藻土和烧结多孔氧化铝按质量比1:1:1混合而成,粒径为0.9mm,孔隙率为57%;
3)结合剂:质量占比8%,为铝酸钙水泥,其中CaO的含量为28%;
4)添加剂:质量占比5%,由粘土、玻璃纤维和废纸浆按质量比2:1:1混合而成,其中粘土的粒径为50μm,玻璃纤维的直径和长度分别为8μm和6mm,废纸浆的粒径为2mm;
5)体积稳定剂:质量占比5%,由蓝晶石和膨润土按质量比1:1混合而成,粒径为10μm;
6)金属纤维:质量占比2%,由不锈钢和铝合金按质量比1:1混合而成,金属纤维的直径和长度分别为0.5mm和35mm。
一种采用所述耐火材料制备中间包保温层的方法,具体包括以下步骤:
1)按上述质量百分比称取耐火材料的原料,混合后以200r/min的速率搅拌1.5h,形成干混料;
2)向干混料中加水,水的添加量为干混料质量的15%,先以45r/min的速率搅拌10min,再以150r/min的速率搅拌2min,得到混合料;
3)将混合料倒入中间包与胎膜的缝隙中,成型后脱模,在250℃干燥70min,得到厚度为200mm的中间包保温层。
经测试,本实施例制备的中间包保温层其导热系数为0.75W/m·K,110℃×24h耐压强度为3.2MPa,1550℃×3h耐压强度为7.5MPa,耐火度为1750℃,线变化率为1.0%,实际使用连浇炉880炉,具有保温性能好、强度高、抗热震性好、抗渣侵蚀性能好以及寿命长的特点。
实施例3
一种中间包保温层用耐火材料,由以下原料组成:
1)重质骨料:质量占比65%,由煅烧焦宝石、叶腊石、白云石和电熔镁砂按质量比1:1:1:1混合而成,其中MgO和Al2O3的含量之和为70%,粒径为1.5mm;
2)轻质填充料:质量占比20%,由泡沫聚苯乙烯、硅藻土、浮石和刚玉-尖晶石空心球按质量比1:1:1:1混合而成,粒径为0.5mm,孔隙率为60%;
3)结合剂:质量占比7%,为铝酸钙水泥,其中CaO的含量为29.5%;
4)添加剂:质量占比3%,由粘土、废纸浆和硅微粉按质量比2:1:1混合而成,其中粘土的粒径为30μm,废纸浆的粒径为3mm,硅微粉的粒径为3μm;
5)体积稳定剂:质量占比3%,由蓝晶石和粘土按质量比1:1混合而成,粒径为12μm;
6)金属纤维:质量占比2%,由铬合金、铜合金和铝合金按质量比1:1:1混合而成,金属纤维的直径和长度分别为0.8mm和40mm。
一种采用所述耐火材料制备中间包保温层的方法,具体包括以下步骤:
1)按上述质量百分比称取耐火材料的原料,混合后以250r/min的速率搅拌1h,形成干混料;
2)向干混料中加水,水的添加量为干混料质量的16%,先以60r/min的速率搅拌10min,再以150r/min的速率搅拌3min,得到混合料;
3)将混合料喷涂于中间包内壁上,成型后,在300℃干燥0.5h,得到厚度为180mm的中间包保温层。
经测试,本实施例制备的中间包保温层其导热系数为0.8W/m·K,110℃×24h耐压强度为4.5MPa,1550℃×3h耐压强度为8.3MPa,耐火度为1800℃,线变化率为-1%,实际使用连浇炉大于900炉,具有保温性能好、强度高、抗热震性好、抗渣侵蚀性能好以及寿命长的特点。
实施例4
一种中间包保温层用耐火材料,由以下原料组成:
1)重质骨料:质量占比55%,由焙烧火泥、煅烧焦宝石、白云石、电熔锆莫来石和电熔镁砂按质量比1:1:1:1:1混合而成,其中MgO和Al2O3的含量之和为80%,粒径为2.5mm;
2)轻质填充料:质量占比30%,由泡沫聚苯乙烯、刚玉-尖晶石空心球、硅藻土和微孔陶瓷空心球按质量比1:1:1:1:1混合而成,粒径为0.9mm,孔隙率为65%;
3)结合剂:质量占比5%,为铝酸钙水泥,其中CaO的含量为30%;
4)添加剂:质量占比5%,由粘土、玻璃纤维和废纸浆按质量比1:1:1混合而成,其中粘土的粒径为60μm,玻璃纤维的直径和长度分别为10μm和8mm,废纸浆的粒径为5mm;
5)体积稳定剂:质量占比4%,由蓝晶石、块状粘土和膨润土按质量比1:2:1混合而成,粒径为10μm;
6)金属纤维:质量占比1%,由不锈钢、铝合金和钛合金按质量比1:1:1混合而成,金属纤维的直径和长度分别为0.5mm和45mm。
一种采用所述耐火材料制备中间包保温层的方法,具体包括以下步骤:
1)按上述质量百分比称取耐火材料的原料,混合后以150r/min的速率搅拌2h,形成干混料;
2)向干混料中加水,水的添加量为干混料质量的13%,先以50r/min的速率搅拌10min,再以150r/min的速率搅拌3min,得到混合料;
3)将混合料涂抹于中间包内壁上,成型后,在300℃干燥0.6h,得到厚度为150mm的中间包保温层。
经测试,本实施例制备的中间包保温层其导热系数为0.55W/m·K,110℃×24h耐压强度为4.8MPa,1550℃×3h耐压强度为8.5MPa,耐火度大于1820℃,线变化率为-0.5%,实际使用连浇炉860炉,具有保温性能好、强度高、抗热震性好、抗渣侵蚀性能好以及寿命长的特点。
上述实施例仅仅是为清楚地说明所作的实例,而并非对实施方式的限制。对于所属领域的普通技术人员来说,在上述说明的基础上还可以做出其它不同形式的变化或变动,这里无需也无法对所有的实施方式予以穷举,而因此所引申的显而易见的变化或变动仍处于本发明创造的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

1.一种中间包保温层用耐火材料,其特征在于,由以下质量百分比的原料组成:重质骨料50-65%、轻质填充料20-30%、结合剂5-10%、添加剂3-8%、体积稳定剂3-8%、金属纤维0.5-3%;所述重质骨料中MgO和Al2O3的质量百分含量之和>50%;所述轻质填充料的孔隙率为50-80%;所述结合剂为水泥类结合剂;所述体积稳定剂为粉末状的矿石或矿土。
2.根据权利要求1所述的中间包保温层用耐火材料,其特征在于,所述重质骨料的粒径为0.08-5mm;所述轻质填充料的粒径为0.3-1.5mm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的中间包保温层用耐火材料,其特征在于,所述结合剂为铝酸钙水泥,其中CaO的质量百分含量为25-35%;所述添加剂为粘土、玻璃纤维、废纸浆、硅微粉、铝微粉中的一种或几种;所述体积稳定剂为蓝晶石、粘土、膨润土中的一种或几种。
4.根据权利要求3所述的中间包保温层用耐火材料,其特征在于,所述添加剂中粘土的粒径小于100μm;所述玻璃纤维的直径为5-15μm,长度为5-10mm;所述废纸浆的粒径为1-10mm;所述硅微粉和铝微粉的粒径为1-10μm;所述体积稳定剂的粒径为5-15μm。
5.根据权利要求1所述的中间包保温层用耐火材料,其特征在于,所述重质骨料为焙烧火泥、煅烧焦宝石、叶腊石、硅熔块、白云石、电熔氧化锆、电熔锆莫来石、电熔镁砂、电熔尖晶石中两种以上的组合;所述轻质填充料为泡沫聚苯乙烯、硅藻土、浮石、微孔陶瓷空心球、烧结多孔氧化铝、刚玉-尖晶石空心球中的一种或几种。
6.根据权利要求1所述的中间包保温层用耐火材料,其特征在于,所述金属纤维为不锈钢、碳钢、铬合金、铜合金、铝合金、钛合金中的一种或几种;所述金属纤维的直径为0.3-1mm,长度为30-50mm。
7.一种采用权利要求1-6任一项所述的中间包保温层用耐火材料的中间包保温层,其特征在于,所述中间包保温层的导热系数为0.5~1W/m·K,110℃×24h耐压强度为2~5MPa,1550℃×3h耐压强度为6~10MPa,耐火度大于1700℃,线变化率为-2%~+2%,实际使用连浇炉大于800炉。
8.一种权利要求7所述的中间包保温层的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
1)按质量百分比称取耐火材料的原料,搅拌混匀,形成干混料;
2)向干混料中加水,搅拌混匀,得到混合料;
3)将混合料倒入中间包与胎膜的缝隙中,或直接喷涂、涂抹于中间包内壁上,成型后干燥,得到中间包保温层。
9.根据权利要求8所述的中间包保温层的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤1)中的搅拌速率为50-250r/min,搅拌时间为0.5-2h;步骤2)中的搅拌过程为,先以30-60r/min的速率搅拌5-15min,再以100-150r/min的速率搅拌2-6min。
10.根据权利要求8所述的中间包保温层的制备方法,其特征在于,所述水的添加量为干混料质量的10-20%。
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