CN115304072A - 一种轻质硅酸钙的制备方法 - Google Patents
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- 239000000378 calcium silicate Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 229910052918 calcium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;dioxido(oxo)silane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims description 6
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229910021420 polycrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229920005591 polysilicon Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 235000011116 calcium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- YIXJRHPUWRPCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium nitrate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O YIXJRHPUWRPCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004111 Potassium silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001414 potassium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- NNHHDJVEYQHLHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium silicate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NNHHDJVEYQHLHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052913 potassium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005997 Calcium carbide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-acetylene Natural products C#C HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011132 calcium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- OSMSIOKMMFKNIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;silicon Chemical compound [Ca]=[Si] OSMSIOKMMFKNIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002534 ethynyl group Chemical group [H]C#C* 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019794 sodium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- CLZWAWBPWVRRGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2-[2-[2-[2-[bis[2-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-5-bromophenoxy]ethoxy]-4-methyl-n-[2-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy]-2-oxoethyl]anilino]acetate Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(N(CC(=O)OC(C)(C)C)CC(=O)OC(C)(C)C)C(OCCOC=2C(=CC=C(Br)C=2)N(CC(=O)OC(C)(C)C)CC(=O)OC(C)(C)C)=C1 CLZWAWBPWVRRGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 17
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 9
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006004 Quartz sand Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000053 physical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004537 pulping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011856 silicon-based particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011863 silicon-based powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011949 solid catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000007 calcium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002537 cosmetic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009837 dry grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004574 high-performance concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052863 mullite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004886 process control Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036632 reaction speed Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009991 scouring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021332 silicide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FVBUAEGBCNSCDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicide(4-) Chemical compound [Si-4] FVBUAEGBCNSCDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001238 wet grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B33/00—Silicon; Compounds thereof
- C01B33/20—Silicates
- C01B33/24—Alkaline-earth metal silicates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/60—Particles characterised by their size
- C01P2004/62—Submicrometer sized, i.e. from 0.1-1 micrometer
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
钙中和多晶硅固废、电石渣、水按比例混合,球磨后加入微量催化剂经75℃以上连续搅拌反应3~6小时,脱水、洗涤、干燥,得到轻质硅酸钙。该轻质硅酸钙是多种硅酸钙制品的原料。
Description
技术领域
工业固废综合利用、硅酸盐、化学法轻质硅酸钙制备。
背景技术
硅酸钙与土壤成分相似,稳定性很好,是典型的环境友好形材料。因优点巨多,在很多行业得以应用,如建材、塑料、橡胶、胶粘剂等。尤其是轻质硅酸钙颗粒细度低、比表面积高,应用途径更广。
目前,硅酸钙制备有多种途径,常用的1高温熔融,以氧化硅或含氧化硅的石英砂、硅质陶土、粉煤灰等为硅原,以氧化钙、氢氧化钙或含钙的石灰石、电石渣等为钙原,常以1:1摩尔配比,煅烧致1250℃以上,熔融反应制备。代表产品有莫来石砖等。2以上述类似的硅原、钙原制浆,硅、钙摩尔比选1.5:1,再加入铝粉、双氧水等发泡剂、纤维增强剂,经蒸压反应制备。代表产品硅酸钙板、加气混凝土等。3以石英砂为硅原,氧化钙为钙原,在多水环境中高压长时间反应,得到硅酸钙粉体或是晶须,其粒径分布在近纳米或准纳米。代表产品有硅酸钙晶须等。4为了得到颗粒度更小的硅酸钙也有采用液相合成,以可溶性硅酸盐为硅原与氧化钙、氢氧化钙或微溶、可溶的钙盐反应制备。可溶性硅酸盐常见的有硅酸钾、硅酸钠,其溶液俗称水玻璃。原材料价格不菲,产品价格也水涨船高。其产品多用于高端小众市场,代表产品有化妆品、医疗领域添加剂等。
钙中和多晶硅固废中包含硅酸钙成分,这种硅酸钙是以液态或是气态的硅化物与氢氧化钙反应之产物,颗粒度极低,粒径分布在40~60nm,因此有物理方法将其分离,得到了一种高品位的纳米硅酸钙,但缺点是量少、有固废。产品只能供应相对小众的市场。代表产品有高性能混凝土添加剂,应用于水利或军事设施。
钙中和多晶硅固废中,除硅酸钙外也包含大量单质硅和氯化钙,其余物质含量极低。单质硅可以作为优良的硅原,以化学法合成硅酸钙。但作为固废,在运输、存储中易产生二次污染,因此,使用中应特别注意,切实解决好二次污染的问题。
发明内容
以物理方法,分离钙中和多晶硅固废中的纳米硅酸钙,已有案例,本案不再陈述。本案技术特征是:以化学方法,将钙中和多晶硅固废中的硅单质全部反应成轻质硅酸钙。突出的优点是产量大、没有固废。以下详细阐述技术特征:
化学方法轻质硅酸钙制备,其化学反应Si+Ga(OH)2+H2O=GaSiO3+2H2↑
以加热为反应条件,反应温度≥75℃优选95℃。反应中,催化剂可以有效加快反应速度。尝试过的有效催化剂有:钠Na+、钾K+离子,氯Cl-、硫酸根SO4 2-、硝酸根NO3 -离子,反应条件是pH>值7,反应结束是pH值=7。可以选择敞口反应罐便于氢气排放,也可以选择闭口反应罐收集氢,并加以利用只是设备投资有所增加。
钙中和多晶硅固废中单质硅以金属硅粉的形式存在,来因有二,其一,多晶硅生产工艺、设备精度偏离或未达到原设计。其二,原料硅粉中存在粒径、颗粒外观几何形状偏离或未达到原设计。单质硅在固废中的比例并不稳定,且1mol硅28g、1mol氢氧化钙74g,少量的硅可以吃掉大量的电石渣。因此,选择了宽泛的配比区间,以适合这种固废的特质。在75℃以上的氢氧化钙溶液中,硅金属颗粒表面首先与溶解的氢氧化钙反应,并放出氢气,在水流冲刷下硅酸钙脱离硅金属颗粒表面,硅颗粒再次漏出金属,继续和溶解的氢氧化钙重复反应。水流中氢氧化钙浓度降低,悬浮的氢氧化钙溶解补充,反应得以持续进行。可以理解:该反应物硅酸钙细度与水流冲刷有关。因此、搅拌形式、搅拌速度、反应温度、反应物浓度都与硅酸钙颗粒细度有关。
设计了如图1所示流程,其中制浆以合适的硅、钙、水配比,获得球磨需要的稠度与扩散性,球磨将大小不均的固废颗粒转化成反应需要的细度,便于工艺控制。选择湿磨的原因是与干磨或筛分比较,可以有效减少粉尘,降低除尘设施投资。反应罐选择了大体积,夹套蒸汽加温方式。优选了行星搅拌。脱水、洗涤、干燥是常用技术手段在此不做陈述。
进一步优化,一种轻质硅酸钙制备方法,其特征是:钙中和多晶硅固废100质量份、电石渣60~160质量份、水50~100质量份入球磨机,球磨完成入反应罐,反应罐中再加水450~850质量份、催化剂0.1~0.5质量份,以>75℃连续搅拌反应3~6小时,脱水、洗涤、干燥得到粒径集中分布在500~800nm的轻质硅酸钙。所述多晶硅钙中和固废,其特征是:西门子法、改良西门子法多晶硅尾废经氧化钙、氢氧化钙中和,固、液分离后的工业固废。所述质量份,其特征是:不含水的干物质质量份。所述电石渣,其特征是:电石法乙炔废夜,脱水或自然干燥物。也可以是熟石灰、消石灰、氧化钙、氢氧化钙单一或混合物。所述球磨机,其特征是:球磨或破碎机。所述反应罐,其特征是:夹套或盘管加温的代搅拌反应罐,优选行星搅拌。所述催化剂,其特征是:包含钠Na+、钾K+离子,硫酸根SO4 2-、硝酸根NO3 -离子;氢氧化钠、硅酸钠、硅酸钾、硫酸钙、硫酸钠、硝酸钾、硝酸镁的一种或多种组合。
附图说明
图1:钙中和多晶硅固废制备轻质硅酸钙工艺、设备示意图。
具体实施例
以具体生产为例,结合附图见图1,详细阐述钙中和多晶硅固废,化学法制备轻质硅酸钙的方法
设备准备:4m3制浆罐×2,1.5m×12m连续球磨机,50m3反应罐
原料准备:含水率25%的钙中和多晶硅固废6T,含水率15%的电石渣5T,液体催化剂2.8模、浓度40水玻璃3Kg、固体催化剂脱硫石膏5Kg
球磨用水1T;反应用水28T;
轻质硅酸钙制备:
准备好的钙中和多晶硅固废分4份;电石渣分4份;球磨用水分250Kg4份,在两个制浆罐中分2批4罐混合。混合好的原料连续入球磨机,球磨后连续放入反应罐。反应罐再加反应用水28T;加入液体催化剂和固体催化剂。开搅拌,开蒸汽升温,满75℃计时,3h后每次10Kg添加钙中和多晶硅固废,到反应罐中,两次后,pH值快速从12下降到10,每次1Kg添加钙中和多晶硅固废到反应罐,3次后,pH值接近7,停加温出料。脱水、洗涤、干燥后装入吨袋,成轻质硅酸钙原料成品。
检测:粒径分布500 ~800nm占总量>85%。
Claims (7)
1.一种轻质硅酸钙制备方法,其特征是:钙中和多晶硅固废100质量份、电石渣60~160质量份、水50~100质量份入球磨机,球磨完成,入反应罐,反应罐中再加水450~850质量份、催化剂0.1~0.5质量份,以>75℃连续搅拌反应3~6小时,脱水、洗涤、干燥得到粒径集中分布在500~800nm的轻质硅酸钙。
2.根据权利要求1,所述多晶硅钙中和固废,其特征是:西门子法、改良西门子法多晶硅生产尾废,经氧化钙、氢氧化钙中和,固、液分离后的工业固废。
3.根据权利要求1,所述质量份,其特征是:不含水的干物质质量份。
4.根据权利要求1,所述电石渣,其特征是:电石法乙炔生产的废夜,脱水或自然干燥物,也可以是熟石灰、消石灰、氧化钙、氢氧化钙单一或混合物。
5.根据权利要求1,所述球磨机,其特征是:球磨或破碎机。
6.根据权利要求1,所述反应罐,其特征是:夹套或盘管加温的代搅拌反应罐,优选行星搅拌。
7.根据权利要求1,所述催化剂,其特征是:包含钠Na+、钾K+离子,硫酸根SO4 2-、硝酸根NO3 -离子;氢氧化钠、硅酸钠、硅酸钾、硫酸钙、硫酸钠、硝酸钾、硝酸镁的一种或多种组合。
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