CN115288781A - Filling technology based on filling mining and filling mining method - Google Patents
Filling technology based on filling mining and filling mining method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115288781A CN115288781A CN202210899717.9A CN202210899717A CN115288781A CN 115288781 A CN115288781 A CN 115288781A CN 202210899717 A CN202210899717 A CN 202210899717A CN 115288781 A CN115288781 A CN 115288781A
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- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 129
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 title description 7
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- 238000005429 filling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000011440 grout Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 230000008093 supporting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 15
- 238000007569 slipcasting Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007596 consolidation process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F15/00—Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings
- E21F15/06—Filling-up mechanically
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F15/00—Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F15/00—Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings
- E21F15/005—Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings characterised by the kind or composition of the backfilling material
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F17/00—Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhere
Abstract
The application relates to the technical field of coal mining, and provides a filling process and a filling mining method based on filling mining. A fill process based on cut-and-fill mining comprising: arranging a transportation crossheading and a return air crossheading on two sides of the filling and mining area, wherein at least one of the transportation crossheading and the return air crossheading is higher than a coal bed of the filling and mining area; the method comprises the steps that a coal seam in a filling mining area is mined to form a to-be-filled area, a grouting channel and an exhaust channel are constructed to the to-be-filled area through drilling equipment at the positions where a transportation forward groove and a return air forward groove are higher than the coal seam, and one end, far away from the to-be-filled area, of the exhaust channel is higher than the to-be-filled area; and grouting into the area to be filled through the grouting channel until the end of the exhaust channel far away from the area to be filled begins to overflow or discharge water. According to the filling process based on filling exploitation, grouting from a high position into the area to be filled is achieved, the area to be filled is filled with slurry, a filling body is enabled to be completely connected with the top, and full top connection is achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of coal mining, in particular to a filling process and a filling mining method based on filling mining.
Background
With the increase of mining depth and the improvement of awareness of society on environmental protection, the proportion of the filling mining method applied to mine enterprises is higher and higher, and the filling mining method has the tendency of further development and expansion. The filling mining method can be suitable for various complex and changeable ore body occurrence conditions, such as irregularly distributed coal block sections, three-time pressed coal, corner coal and the like, the coal recovery rate is improved to the maximum extent, the mining dilution rate is reduced, the ore pressure activity is effectively controlled, the mining production safety is ensured, the earth surface is protected from being damaged, and the existing ecological environment is maintained. In practical operation, the filling body is difficult to realize 100% filling roof contact in filling mining.
In the related technology, broken stones are manually plugged into the roof connecting space, the pipeline is subjected to multipoint blanking and filling, the gap between the top plate of the filling area and the filling body is reduced by adopting methods of expanding material additives, pressurizing and pumping filling materials for roof connecting and the like, and the filling body is still difficult to completely connect the roof.
Disclosure of Invention
The present application is directed to solving at least one of the technical problems occurring in the related art. Therefore, the filling process based on filling mining is provided, and grouting is performed from a high position to the area to be filled, so that the area to be filled is filled with slurry, a filling body is completely connected with the top, and full top connection is realized.
The application also provides a filling mining method.
According to the filling mining-based filling process and the filling mining method in the embodiment of the first aspect of the application, the method comprises the following steps:
arranging a transportation gateway and a return air gateway on two sides of a filling and mining area, wherein at least one of the transportation gateway and the return air gateway is higher than a coal bed of the filling and mining area;
a to-be-filled area is formed after the coal seam of the filling mining area is mined, a grouting channel and an exhaust channel are constructed to the to-be-filled area through drilling equipment at the positions where the transportation crossheading and the return air crossheading are higher than the coal seam, and one end, far away from the to-be-filled area, of the exhaust channel is higher than the to-be-filled area;
and grouting the to-be-filled region through the grouting channel until slurry overflows or water flows out from one end of the exhaust channel, which is far away from the to-be-filled region.
According to the filling process and the filling mining method based on filling mining, the transportation gateway and the return air gateway are constructed on two sides of the filling mining area through the excavating equipment, so that one or two of the transportation gateway and the return air gateway are higher than a coal seam of the filling mining area. When the coal seam of the filling mining area is mined to form a to-be-filled area, one or two of the transportation gateway and the return air gateway are higher than the to-be-filled area, and a grouting channel and an exhaust channel are constructed to the to-be-filled area along the direction of a top plate at a position higher than the to-be-filled area, such as the transportation gateway or the return air gateway, by drilling equipment such as an underground drill rig along a certain angle, wherein one end, far away from the to-be-filled area, of the constructed exhaust channel is higher than the to-be-filled area. And then injecting grout into the area to be filled through the grouting channel until the grout overflows or discharges water from one end of the exhaust channel, which is far away from the area to be filled, wherein the grout is filled in the area to be filled at the moment as the end of the exhaust channel, which is far away from the area to be filled, is higher than the area to be filled. And then realized pouring thick liquid into to treat the filling district from the eminence for treat filling district is filled with thick liquid, make the obturator meet the top completely, realized fully meeting the top, the security is high, construction convenient operation, workman low in labor strength.
According to an embodiment of the application, in the transportation crossheading with the return air crossheading is higher than the place in coal seam through drilling equipment to wait to fill district construction slip casting passageway and exhaust passage, include:
if the transportation crossheading is higher than the coal seam of the filling mining area, constructing the grouting channel and the exhaust channel on the transportation crossheading through drilling equipment to the area to be filled;
if the return air crossheading is higher than the coal seam of the filling mining area, constructing the grouting channel and the exhaust channel on the return air crossheading through drilling equipment to the area to be filled;
and if the transportation crossheading and the return air crossheading are higher than the coal seam of the filling mining area, constructing the grouting channel and the exhaust channel to the area to be filled through drilling equipment on the transportation crossheading and the return air crossheading at the same time.
According to an embodiment of the application, slip casting is performed to the area to be filled through the slip casting channel, and the method comprises the following steps: and constructing sealing walls at two ends of the area to be filled, and arranging supporting parts connected with the sealing walls at two ends of the area to be filled to enhance the resistance of the sealing walls to the lateral pressure of the grout.
According to an embodiment of this application treat the both ends construction sealed wall in filling district, include, two a plurality of isolation walls of construction between the sealed wall, and then will treat to fill to distinguish and be a plurality of second grade filling districts, it is right the second grade filling district carries out the slip casting.
According to one embodiment of the application, the top plate, the bottom plate and the two sides of the isolation wall are cut by a cutting process, and the cutting depth is 0.1-0.5 m.
According to one embodiment of the present application, the secondary filling zone is grouted, including,
grouting a part of the secondary filling area until the liquid level height of the slurry reaches a preset height;
grouting the other part of the secondary filling area until the liquid level height of the slurry reaches a preset height;
continuing grouting to part of the secondary filling area until part of the secondary filling area is filled with the grout;
and continuing grouting another part of the secondary filling area until another part of the secondary filling area is filled with the grout.
According to an embodiment of the application, arrange transportation cisterna and return air cisterna in the both sides of filling the exploitation region, include the transportation cisterna with the roof of return air cisterna adopts anchor net to strut, right the transportation cisterna with keeping away from of return air cisterna the lateral wall face in filling the exploitation region carries out anchor bolt support.
According to one embodiment of the application, left-handed thread steel anchor rods with the diameter of 18mm multiplied by 2000mm are adopted to support the tops of the transportation crossheading and the return air crossheading, a certain number of anchor rods are arranged on the tops of the transportation crossheading and the return air crossheading per meter, the row spacing between adjacent anchor rods is 1000mm multiplied by 1000mm, and the pre-tightening torque is 120 N.m through resin lengthening anchoring; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
and supporting the tops of the transportation crossheading and the return air crossheading by adopting anchor cables with the specification of phi 22mm multiplied by 6300mm, wherein the row spacing of the anchor cables is 2000mm multiplied by 2000mm, and the anchor cables are lengthened and anchored by resin, so that the anchoring force is not lower than 200kN.
According to one embodiment of the application, left-handed thread steel anchor rods with the diameter of 18mm multiplied by 2000mm are adopted to support the side wall surfaces, far away from the filling mining area, of the transportation gate way and the return air gate way, the spacing of the anchor rods is 1000mm multiplied by 1000mm, and the anchor rods are lengthened through resin to be anchored, so that the pre-tightening torque is 100 N.m.
A method of pack mining in accordance with an embodiment of the second aspect of the present application includes:
dividing a plurality of branch roadway mining areas in a filling mining area, and reserving coal pillars to be mined between every two adjacent branch roadway mining areas;
mining the branch roadway mining area to form an area to be filled;
filling the area to be filled by a filling process based on filling mining;
and mining and recovering the coal pillar to be mined, and filling a space formed after the coal pillar to be mined through a filling process based on filling mining.
According to the filling mining method, the space formed after the coal mining pillars are recovered is filled in time by adopting a filling process based on filling mining, and finally, all coal resources are mined, so that the coal mining rate is improved. And the recovery of the coal mining columns to be processed and the filling operation area of the filling area to be processed are arranged alternately, the processes are not influenced mutually, the parallel operation of coal mining and filling is realized to the maximum extent, meanwhile, the filling slurry is ensured to be filled in the area to be filled by utilizing the height difference principle, the full roof contact is realized, and the load applied by the sinking of the top plate can be supported in time after the filling body is solidified.
Additional aspects and advantages of the present application will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the present application.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments or related technologies of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or related technologies are briefly introduced below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a filling process based on filling mining provided by an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a use state of a filling process based on filling mining provided by an embodiment of the application;
FIG. 3 isbase:Sub>A cross-sectional view A-A of FIG. 2 as provided by an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a pack mining method provided by an embodiment of the present application;
reference numerals:
1. a transportation crossheading; 2. returning air to the crossheading; 3. a region to be filled; 4. grouting a channel; 5. an exhaust passage;
6. a containment wall; 7. a support member; 8. a partition wall; 9. a secondary filling area; 10. branch roadway mining areas; 11. a coal pillar to be mined; 71. the inclined rod supports the baffle; 72. and (7) anchoring the ground.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present application will be described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and examples. The following examples are intended to illustrate the present application but are not intended to limit the scope of the present application.
In the description of the embodiments of the present application, it should be noted that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of describing the embodiments of the present application and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred devices or elements must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the embodiments of the present application. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the embodiments of the present application, it should be noted that the terms "connected" and "connected" are to be interpreted broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected, unless explicitly stated or limited otherwise; can be mechanically or electrically connected; may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate. Specific meanings of the above terms in the embodiments of the present application can be understood as specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
In the embodiments of the present application, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, a first feature "on" or "under" a second feature may be directly contacted with the first and second features, or indirectly contacted with the first and second features through an intermediate. Also, a first feature "on," "over," and "above" a second feature may be directly or diagonally above the second feature, or may simply indicate that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature may be directly under or obliquely under the first feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.
In the description of the present application, reference to the description of "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples" or the like is intended to mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the embodiments of the present application. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without contradiction.
The filling process and the filling mining method based on filling mining of the present application are described below with reference to fig. 1 to 4.
According to an embodiment of the first aspect of the present application, as shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, the pack mining based pack process comprises:
101. arranging a transportation gateway 1 and a return air gateway 2 on two sides of a filling and mining area, wherein at least one of the transportation gateway 1 and the return air gateway 2 is higher than a coal bed of the filling and mining area;
102. a to-be-filled area 3 is formed after the coal seam of the filling mining area is mined, a grouting channel 4 and an exhaust channel 5 are constructed to the to-be-filled area 3 through drilling equipment at the positions where the transportation gateway 1 and the return air gateway 2 are higher than the coal seam, and one end, far away from the to-be-filled area 3, of the exhaust channel 5 is higher than the to-be-filled area 3;
103. grouting into the area 3 to be filled through the grouting channel 4 until the end of the exhaust channel 5 far away from the area 3 to be filled begins to overflow or discharge water.
When the device is used, the transportation crossheading 1 and the return air crossheading 2 are constructed on two sides of a filling and mining area through excavating equipment, so that one or two of the transportation crossheading 1 and the return air crossheading 2 are higher than a coal bed of the filling and mining area. When a coal seam in a filling mining area is mined to form a to-be-filled area 3, one or two of the transportation gateway 1 and the return air gateway 2 are higher than the to-be-filled area 3, a grouting channel 4 and an exhaust channel 5 are constructed in a position higher than the to-be-filled area 3, such as the transportation gateway 1 or the return air gateway 2, by drilling equipment such as an underground drill rig to the to-be-filled area 3 along a roof direction along a certain angle, and one end, far away from the to-be-filled area 3, of the constructed exhaust channel 5 is higher than the to-be-filled area 3. And then injecting grout into the area to be filled 3 through the grouting channel 4 until the grout overflows or goes out of the end, far away from the area to be filled 3, of the exhaust channel 5, wherein the end, far away from the area to be filled 3, of the exhaust channel 5 is higher than the area to be filled 3, and then the area to be filled 3 is filled with the grout. And then grouting from a high place into the area to be filled 3, so that the area to be filled 3 is filled with slurry, the filling body is fully connected with the top, full top connection is realized, the safety is high, the construction operation is convenient, and the labor intensity of workers is low.
Specifically, for example, when a roadway is arranged in a filling mining area of a thin and medium coal seam (the thickness of the coal seam is 3 m), a transportation crossheading 1 and a return air crossheading 2 of a strip mining area are lifted and tunneled, on the premise that requirements of a continuous mining machine and a shuttle car for direction adjustment are met, original rock stress distribution parameters are measured through geomechanical tests, a numerical simulation comparison analysis supporting scheme is adopted, the width 5m and the height 4m of the transportation crossheading 1 and the return air crossheading 2 are designed by referring to similar engineering experiences, and then the transportation crossheading 1 and the return air crossheading 2 are higher than the area to be filled 3, so that a grouting channel 4 and an exhaust channel 5 can be conveniently constructed in the transportation crossheading 1 and the return air crossheading 2 to the area to be filled 3 through drilling equipment. It should be understood that the width and height of the transport and return air chutes 1, 2 may be any other suitable values.
In step 103, grouting into the area to be filled 3 through the grouting channel 4, specifically, for example, filling and grouting into the area to be filled 3 with pressure through the grouting channel 4. Grouting into the area to be filled 3 through pressurized grouting so that the area to be filled 3 is filled with grout. It should be understood that any other suitable grouting process may be used to grout the area to be filled 3 through the grouting channel 4.
In one embodiment of the present application, the construction of a grouting channel 4 and a gas discharge channel 5 to the area to be filled 3 by drilling equipment in the place where the transportation gate way 1 and the return air gate way 2 are higher than the coal seam comprises:
if the transportation gateway 1 is higher than the coal seam of the filling mining area, constructing the grouting channel 4 and the exhaust channel 5 on the transportation gateway 1 to the area to be filled 3 through drilling equipment;
when using, through excavating equipment transportation crossheading 1 and return air crossheading 2 in the both sides construction of filling the exploitation region, and make transportation crossheading 1 be higher than the coal seam of filling the exploitation region, and then can install drilling equipment on transportation crossheading 1, through drilling equipment to waiting to fill district 3 construction slip casting passageway 4 and exhaust passage 5, make exhaust passage 5 keep away from the one end of waiting to fill district 3 and be higher than waiting to fill district 3, and then can keep away from the one end of waiting to fill district 3 through observing exhaust duct and whether overflow thick liquid or play water, can learn to wait to fill the district 3 interior thick liquid that has been filled with of.
If the return air gateway 2 is higher than the coal seam of the filling mining area, constructing the grouting channel 4 and the exhaust channel 5 on the return air gateway 2 to the area to be filled 3 through drilling equipment;
when using, transport crossheading 1 and return air crossheading 2 through excavating equipment in the both sides construction of filling the exploitation region, and make return air crossheading 2 be higher than the coal seam of filling the exploitation region, and then can install drilling equipment on return air crossheading 2, through drilling equipment to waiting to fill 3 construction slip casting passageways 4 in district and exhaust passage 5, make exhaust passage 5 keep away from the one end of waiting to fill district 3 and be higher than waiting to fill district 3, and then can keep away from the one end of waiting to fill district 3 through observing exhaust duct and whether overflow thick liquid or play water, can learn to wait to fill the district 3 in and whether be full of the thick liquid.
And if the transportation gateway 1 and the return air gateway 2 are higher than the coal seam of the filling mining area, constructing the grouting channel 4 and the exhaust channel 5 on the transportation gateway 1 and the return air gateway 2 to the area to be filled 3 through drilling equipment.
When using, through excavating equipment transportation crossheading 1 and return air crossheading 2 of filling the both sides construction in exploitation region to make transportation crossheading 1 and return air crossheading 2 be higher than the coal seam of filling the exploitation region, and then can install drilling equipment respectively on transportation crossheading 1 and return air crossheading 2, through drilling equipment to waiting to fill district 3 construction slip casting passageway 4 and exhaust passage 5, make and to waiting to fill district 3 interior slip casting simultaneously on transportation crossheading 1 and return air basin, filling rate has been accelerated.
In one embodiment of the present application, as shown in fig. 1, fig. 2 and fig. 3, grouting into the area to be filled 3 through the grouting channel 4 includes constructing airtight walls 6 at two ends of the area to be filled 3, and arranging supporting members 7 connected with the airtight walls 6 at two ends of the area to be filled 3 to enhance the resistance of the airtight walls 6 to the lateral pressure of the grout. When the grouting material filling device is used, the two ends of the area to be filled 3 are provided with the sealing walls 6, spaces to be filled are formed among the sealing walls 6, the bottom, the two sides and the top plate of the area to be filled 3, and the sealing walls 6 can prevent grout injected into the area to be filled 3 through a grouting pipeline from flowing out. Meanwhile, the airtight wall 6 is supported through the supporting component 7, so that the airtight wall 6 is more stable, the airtight wall 6 can more effectively resist the lateral pressure of slurry, the filling body and the top plate are fully connected in a tight joint mode, and the situation that the top of the filling body is not fully connected is avoided.
In the embodiment of the present application, as shown in fig. 2 and fig. 3, the supporting member 7 includes an inclined rod supporting baffle 71, and the inclined rod supporting baffle 71 is connected to the enclosure wall 6, so that the inclined rod supporting baffle 71 supports the enclosure wall 6, and is reinforced by the ground anchor 72, thereby realizing a stable supporting effect on the enclosure wall 6, and making the enclosure wall 6 stably resist the lateral pressure of the slurry. It should be appreciated that the support member 7 may be any other suitable structural member.
In one embodiment of the present application, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the constructing of the containment walls 6 at the two ends of the area to be filled 3 includes constructing a plurality of partition walls 8 between the two containment walls 6, dividing the area to be filled 3 into a plurality of secondary filling areas 9, and grouting the secondary filling areas 9. When using, through excavating equipment in the both sides construction transportation cisterna 1 and the return air cisterna 2 of filling the exploitation region, and transportation cisterna 1 and return air cisterna 2 are higher than waiting to fill the district 3, set up drilling equipment on transportation cisterna 1 and return air cisterna 2, fill district 9 construction slip casting passageway 4 and exhaust passage 5 to the second grade through drilling equipment, and then can fill the district 9 to the second grade separately and carry out the slip casting, make the obturator in every second grade filling district 9 all fully connect the top, make the whole obturator that waits to fill in the district 3 fully connect the top, avoid directly to wait to fill the district 3 to whole and carry out the slip casting and lead to partial corner to fill insufficient problem, guaranteed that the obturator connects the top.
Specifically, the secondary filling areas 9 are closed, so that each secondary filling area 9 is independent from another, and further grouting filling can be performed on one or more secondary filling areas 9. And further, the filling process based on filling mining has a segmented sealing function.
In one embodiment of the present application, the top plate, the bottom plate and the two sides of the isolation wall 8 are formed by a cut process, and the cut depth is 0.1m to 0.5 m. When the partition wall is used, the top plate, the bottom plate and the two sides of the partition wall 8 are processed through a slotting process, and therefore the lateral pressure of the partition wall 8 for resisting filling slurry is improved.
In the embodiments of the present application, the depth of the undercut is preferably 0.3m. It should be understood that the plunge cut depth may be any other suitable depth.
It should be noted that the undercutting process is an existing construction process, and a repeated description is not repeated here.
In one embodiment of the application, the secondary filling zone 9 is grouted, including,
grouting part of the secondary filling area 9 until the liquid level height of the grout reaches a preset height;
grouting the other part of the secondary filling area 9 until the liquid level height of the slurry reaches a preset height;
continuing grouting a part of the secondary filling area 9 until the part of the secondary filling area 9 is filled with the grout;
and continuing grouting another part of the secondary filling area 9 until another part of the secondary filling area 9 is filled with the grout.
When the grouting device is used, firstly, a part of the secondary filling areas 9 is subjected to grouting operation to enable a certain amount of grout to be contained in the part of the secondary filling areas 9, then, the grouting operation of the part of the secondary filling areas 9 is stopped, and the grouting operation of the other part of the secondary filling areas 9 is started to enable a certain amount of grout to be contained in the other part of the secondary filling areas 9. And then stopping grouting the other part of the secondary filling area 9, continuing grouting the part of the secondary filling area 9 until the part of the secondary filling area 9 is filled with the grout, continuing grouting the other part of the secondary filling area 9 until the other part of the secondary filling area 9 is filled with the grout, and further realizing the grouting operation of all the secondary filling areas 9 so that the filling bodies in all the secondary filling areas 9 are fully contacted with the top plate. The area 3 to be filled is divided into a plurality of secondary filling areas 9 through the partition wall 8, segmented sealing is achieved, partial secondary filling areas 9 are filled firstly, and then the other part of secondary filling areas 9 are filled, sequential filling is achieved, the top connection effect of filling slurry is improved, and full top connection consolidation is achieved. Part of the secondary filling regions 9 is located between the other part of the secondary filling regions 9
Wherein, a part of the secondary filling areas 9 are two or more secondary filling areas 9 which are symmetrical with each other about the middle line of the area to be filled 3, another part of the secondary filling areas 9 are two or more secondary filling areas 9 which are symmetrical with each other about the middle line of the area to be filled 3, and the number of the part of the secondary filling areas 9 is the same as that of the another part of the secondary filling areas 9. The two-stage filling area 9 close to one side of the transportation gateway 1 in the part of the two-stage filling area 9 in the transportation gateway 1 is filled by grouting, the two-stage filling area 9 close to the air return gateway 2 in the part of the two-stage filling area 9 in the air return gateway 2 is filled by grouting, the two-stage filling area 9 close to one side of the transportation gateway 1 in the other part of the two-stage filling area 9 in the transportation gateway 1 is filled by grouting, and the two-stage filling area 9 close to the air return gateway 2 in the other part of the two-stage filling area 9 in the air return gateway 2 is filled by grouting, so that the two-way symmetrical pressurized filling of the area to be filled 3 is realized, the area to be filled 3 can be sealed in sections and filled in a two-way symmetrical pressurized manner, and the filling effect is improved.
In the embodiment of the application, the second-level filling area 9 far away from the transportation gateway 1 and the return air gateway 2 is grouted, and then the second-level filling area 9 close to the transportation gateway 1 and the return air gateway 2 is grouted. It should be understood that the sequence of the grouting between the secondary filling zones 9 can be adjusted according to the actual situation.
Specifically, in the embodiment of the present application, as shown in fig. 2 and fig. 3, the area to be filled 3 is divided into four secondary filling areas 9, the four secondary filling areas 9 are an area a, an area B, an area C and an area D in sequence, the area B and the area C are subjected to grouting first, so that grout in the area B and the area C reaches a certain height, then the area B and the area C are stopped from grouting, the area a and the area D are subjected to grouting, so that grout in the area a and the area D reach a certain height, and then the area a and the area D are stopped from grouting. And then, continuously grouting the area B and the area C to enable the area B and the area C to be filled with grout, then grouting the area A and the area D to enable the area A and the area D to be filled with grout, further realizing the filling operation of the area 3 to be filled by sequential filling, and accelerating the filling speed.
In one embodiment of the application, the transportation crossheading 1 and the return air crossheading 2 are arranged on two sides of a filling and mining area, and the method comprises the steps of supporting the top plates of the transportation crossheading 1 and the return air crossheading 2 by adopting anchor nets, and carrying out anchor rod supporting on the side wall surfaces, far away from the filling and mining area, of the transportation crossheading 1 and the return air crossheading 2. When the device is used, the transportation crossheading 1 and the return air crossheading 2 are firstly constructed on two sides of a filling and mining area, the transportation crossheading 1 and the return air crossheading 2 are simultaneously supported by anchor nets, and the transportation crossheading 1 and the return air crossheading 2 are supported by anchor rods on the side walls far away from the filling and mining area, so that the stability of the transportation crossheading 1 and the return air crossheading 2 is improved, the surrounding rock stability of the transportation crossheading 1 and the return air crossheading 2 is ensured during the whole coal mining period, and the coal mining can be smoothly carried out.
Specifically, left-handed thread steel anchor rods with the specification of phi 18mm multiplied by 2000mm are adopted to support the tops of the transportation crossheading 1 and the return air crossheading 2, a certain number of anchor rods are arranged at the tops of the transportation crossheading 1 and the return air crossheading 2 per meter, the row spacing between adjacent anchor rods is 1000mm multiplied by 1000mm, and the pre-tightening torque is 120 N.m by lengthening and anchoring through resin; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
and supporting the tops of the transportation crossheading 1 and the return air crossheading 2 by adopting anchor cables with the specification of phi 22mm multiplied by 6300mm, wherein the row spacing between the anchor cables is 2000mm multiplied by 2000mm, and the anchor cables are anchored by lengthening resin, so that the anchoring force is not lower than 200kN. It should be noted that any other suitable number or size of anchor rods or cables may be used to support the top of the transport and return air chutes 1, 2. It should be noted that in the embodiment of the present application, the number of the anchor rods is, for example, 5. It should be understood that the number of anchor rods can be increased or decreased according to actual requirements.
Specifically, left-handed thread steel anchor rods with the model phi of 18mm multiplied by 2000mm are adopted to support the side wall surfaces, far away from the filling mining area, of the transportation gateway 1 and the return air gateway 2, the spacing between the anchor rods is 1000mm multiplied by 1000mm, and the anchor rods are lengthened and anchored through resin, so that the pre-tightening torque is 100 N.m. It should be noted that any other suitable size or number of anchor rods or cables may be used to support the side wall surfaces of the transport gateway 1 and the return air gateway 2.
In accordance with an embodiment of the second aspect of the present application, as shown in fig. 2, 3 and 4, a method of pack mining, comprises:
201. a plurality of branch roadway mining areas 10 are divided in a filling mining area, and a coal pillar 11 to be mined is reserved between every two adjacent branch roadway mining areas 10.
Specifically, the filling mining area is divided into a plurality of parallel branch roadway mining areas 10, and a coal pillar 11 to be mined is divided between two adjacent branch roadway mining areas 10, that is, the branch roadway mining areas 10 and the coal pillars 11 to be mined are sequentially distributed at intervals.
In the embodiment of the present application, the width of the strip branch lane is, for example, 6m, the height of the strip branch lane is, for example, 3m, the width of the coal pillar 11 to be mined is, for example, 6m, and the height of the coal pillar 11 to be mined is, for example, 3m.
202. And mining the branch roadway mining area 10 to form a to-be-filled area 3.
Specifically, the branch roadway mining area 10 is tunneled and mined by adopting the existing technologies such as continuous mining machine, shuttle car and crusher, and the like, and is tunneled along the top and bottom plates to form the area 3 to be filled, so that the top plate is in a good condition. It should be noted that the branch roadway mining area 10 may also be excavated by the existing technologies such as the ordinary cantilever excavator, the bridge belt, and the belt conveyor.
The top plate of the area to be filled 3 is supported by an anchor net, the side part of the area to be filled 3 is not supported, the top plate is supported by left-handed threaded steel anchor rods with the specification of phi 18mm multiplied by 2000mm, the row spacing is 1000mm multiplied by 1000mm per meter of roadway top, and the top plate is anchored by lengthening resin, so that the pre-tightening torque reaches 120 N.m. And then make the district 3 that waits to fill more stable, and do not strut the two sides of waiting to fill district 3, be convenient for follow-up coal pillar 11 of waiting to adopt is exploited and is retrieved.
203. The filling operation is performed on the area to be filled 3 by a filling process based on filling mining.
Specifically, the filling process based on filling mining is used for filling the area to be filled 3, so that a filling body in the area to be filled 3 can be fully abutted, and the filling speed of the area to be filled 3 is increased.
204. And mining and recovering the coal pillar 11 to be mined, and filling a space formed after the coal pillar 11 to be mined through a filling process based on filling mining.
Specifically, after all the stoping and filling of the branch roadway mining area 10 are finished, the solidified and condensed strength of the filling body meets the requirement, the top plate is supported by the filling body, then the coal pillar 11 to be mined is recovered, meanwhile, the space formed by recovering the coal pillar 11 to be mined is timely filled by adopting a filling process based on filling mining, finally, all the coal resources are mined, and the coal mining rate is improved. And the recovery of the coal mining columns 11 and the filling operation area of the area to be filled 3 are arranged at intervals, so that the working procedures are not affected mutually, the parallel operation of coal mining and filling is realized to the maximum extent, meanwhile, the filling slurry is ensured to fill the area to be filled 3 by utilizing the height difference principle, the full roof contact is realized, the load applied by the sinking of the roof can be supported in time after the filling body is solidified, and the interval mining of coal is realized.
In addition, the filling mining method of the embodiment uses the filling process based on filling mining, and further can perform segmented airtight and bidirectional symmetrical pressurized filling on the space formed after the mining of the area to be filled 3 and the coal pillar to be mined, so that the filling mining method of the embodiment has the characteristics of interval mining, segmented airtight, bidirectional symmetrical pressurized filling and the like, and the coal mining efficiency is higher.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the present application, and do not limit the present application. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that various combinations, modifications or equivalents may be made to the technical solutions of the present application without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present application, and the technical solutions of the present application should be covered by the claims of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. A pack mining based pack process comprising:
arranging a transportation crossheading and a return air crossheading on two sides of a filling and mining area, wherein at least one of the transportation crossheading and the return air crossheading is higher than a coal bed of the filling and mining area;
a to-be-filled area is formed after the coal seam of the filling mining area is mined, a grouting channel and an exhaust channel are constructed to the to-be-filled area through drilling equipment at the positions where the transportation crossheading and the return air crossheading are higher than the coal seam, and one end, far away from the to-be-filled area, of the exhaust channel is higher than the to-be-filled area;
and grouting the to-be-filled region through the grouting channel until slurry overflows or water flows out from one end of the exhaust channel, which is far away from the to-be-filled region.
2. The fill-mining based filling process according to claim 1, wherein a grouting passage and a gas discharging passage are constructed to the area to be filled by drilling equipment at a place where the transportation crossheading and the return air crossheading are higher than a coal seam, comprising:
if the transportation crossheading is higher than the coal seam of the filling mining area, constructing the grouting channel and the exhaust channel on the transportation crossheading towards the area to be filled through drilling equipment;
if the return air crossheading is higher than the coal seam of the filling mining area, constructing the grouting channel and the exhaust channel on the return air crossheading through drilling equipment to the area to be filled;
and if the transportation gateway and the return air gateway are higher than the coal seam of the filling mining area, constructing the grouting channel and the exhaust channel on the transportation gateway and the return air gateway through drilling equipment to the area to be filled.
3. The pack mining based filling process of claim 1 or 2, wherein grouting the zone to be filled through the grouting passage comprises: and constructing airtight walls at two ends of the area to be filled, and arranging supporting parts connected with the airtight walls at two ends of the area to be filled to enhance the resistance of the airtight walls to the lateral pressure of the grout.
4. The filling process based on filling mining as claimed in claim 3, wherein the constructing of the sealing walls at both ends of the area to be filled comprises constructing a plurality of partition walls between two sealing walls, dividing the area to be filled into a plurality of secondary filling areas, and grouting the secondary filling areas.
5. The filling mining-based filling process according to claim 4, wherein the top plate, the bottom plate and the two sides at the separation wall adopt a cut process, and the cut depth is 0.1-0.5 m.
6. The pack mining based filling process of claim 4, wherein the secondary filling zone is grouted, comprising,
grouting part of the secondary filling area until the liquid level height of the grout reaches a preset height;
grouting the other part of the secondary filling area until the liquid level height of the slurry reaches a preset height;
continuing grouting to part of the secondary filling area until part of the secondary filling area is filled with the grout;
and continuing grouting another part of the secondary filling area until another part of the secondary filling area is filled with the grout.
7. The filling process based on filling exploitation according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the transportation gateway and the return air gateway are arranged on two sides of a filling exploitation area, and the method comprises the steps of supporting top plates of the transportation gateway and the return air gateway by using anchor nets, and carrying out anchor rod supporting on side wall surfaces, far away from the filling exploitation area, of the transportation gateway and the return air gateway.
8. The filling process based on filling exploitation as claimed in claim 7, wherein left-handed threaded steel anchors with the diameter of 18mm x 2000mm are used for supporting the tops of the transportation crossheading and the return air crossheading, a certain number of anchors are arranged at the tops of the transportation crossheading and the return air crossheading per meter, the row spacing between adjacent anchors is 1000mm x 1000mm, and the anchors are lengthened by resin to enable the pre-tightening torque to be 120N · m; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
and supporting the tops of the transportation crossheading and the return air crossheading by adopting anchor cables with the specification of phi 22mm multiplied by 6300mm, wherein the row spacing of the anchor cables is 2000mm multiplied by 2000mm, and the anchor cables are lengthened and anchored by resin, so that the anchoring force is not lower than 200kN.
9. The filling process based on filling exploitation according to claim 7, wherein the transportation gateway and the return air gateway are supported on the side wall surfaces far away from the filling exploitation area by using phi 18mm x 2000mm left-handed thread steel anchor rods, the spacing of the anchor rods is 1000mm x 1000mm, and the anchor rods are anchored by lengthening resin, so that the pre-tightening torque is 100N-m.
10. A method of cut-and-fill mining, comprising:
dividing a plurality of branch roadway mining areas in a filling mining area, and reserving coal pillars to be mined between every two adjacent branch roadway mining areas;
mining the branch roadway mining area to form a to-be-filled area;
performing a filling operation on the area to be filled through the filling mining-based filling process according to any one of claims 1 to 9;
and (3) carrying out mining recovery on the coal pillar to be mined, and filling the space formed after the coal pillar to be mined is mined by the filling process based on filling mining according to any one of claims 1-9.
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