CN115283949A - Machining method of multi-section split high-precision thin-wall aluminum cylinder part - Google Patents
Machining method of multi-section split high-precision thin-wall aluminum cylinder part Download PDFInfo
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- CN115283949A CN115283949A CN202211033705.4A CN202211033705A CN115283949A CN 115283949 A CN115283949 A CN 115283949A CN 202211033705 A CN202211033705 A CN 202211033705A CN 115283949 A CN115283949 A CN 115283949A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 title claims description 39
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000011265 semifinished product Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical group [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000746 Structural steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 102220060547 rs786203080 Human genes 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 241000446313 Lamella Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000997 High-speed steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002173 cutting fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009191 jumping Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for processing a multi-petal splitting high-precision thin-wall part, which comprises the steps of symmetrically splitting an aluminum cylinder blank into four or more petals to release the internal stress of an aluminum cylinder part, and turning the symmetrically split blank by using a special clamp. Turning external oblique conical surfaces at two ends of an aluminum part blank to be used as process positioning conical surfaces, then clamping by using the external oblique conical surfaces as a reference, and turning left and right process threads and residual outer diameter step platforms for the process on the outer circles at the two ends of the aluminum part blank; clamping the multi-petal semi-finished product on a special fixture of a finish turning internal step platform through left and right hand thread, finish turning the inner diameter of the multi-petal aluminum barrel part to the size of the finished product and removing the external redundant left and right hand threads. The problem of the precision thin wall aluminium barrel spare scrap that the deformation that causes is released to the internal stress after cutting open in the product production problem processing range is extensive, and the suitability is strong.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of thin-wall aluminum barrel part machining, and particularly relates to a machining method of a multi-petal splitting high-precision thin-wall part, in particular to a machining method of a multi-petal splitting high-precision thin-wall part.
Background
At present, a method for machining a precision thin-wall aluminum cylinder with multiple symmetrically split sections is generally adopted, the method comprises the steps of turning to the size of a finished product and then splitting, a common lathe or a numerical control lathe is adopted in the turning process, horizontal milling, linear cutting, water cutting and other methods are generally adopted for symmetrically splitting after turning, and in the splitting process, due to machining thermal deformation and release of original internal stress of a workpiece, the workpiece is severely deformed after being split, and is opened or even warped and twisted, so that the workpiece is finally scrapped out of tolerance and cannot be used.
For the aluminum cylinder parts which need to be split into four or more than four sections after being processed, the applicant previously applied 'a processing method for symmetrically splitting thin-wall aluminum cylinder parts' cannot ensure that all the diameters of the outer circles of the split multi-section parts are processed in one clamping process. The coaxiality error exists, and the assembly and use of the workpiece are influenced. In addition, the problems that clamping and alignment are complicated, machining efficiency is low, and clamping and alignment cannot be carried out on the multi-petal split part exist.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for processing a multi-petal sectioning high-precision thin-wall part, which aims to solve the technical problems that: the problem of parts scrapping caused by overlarge deformation generated in the machining process of the multi-split precise thin-wall aluminum cylinder is solved. The method solves the problem that the multi-split high-precision thin-wall part cannot be machined, ensures the assembly precision and the use precision, and has good application prospect in the machining of similar parts.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a machining method of a multi-petal sectioning high-precision thin-wall part, which comprises the following steps:
s1, blanking or forming a blank;
s2, roughly turning the inner diameter and the outer diameter of the aluminum cylinder part;
the method is characterized by also comprising the following steps:
s3, symmetrically splitting the roughly processed aluminum cylinder blank 1-1 into a plurality of sections from a symmetrical center line by adopting linear cutting;
s4, loading the symmetrically split multi-petal aluminum piece blank onto a special fixture for turning an outline oblique conical surface, turning outline oblique conical surfaces at two ends of the aluminum piece blank to serve as process positioning conical surfaces, and turning step surfaces of inner holes at two ends;
s5, clamping the multi-petal semi-finished product of which the external oblique conical surface is finished by turning the external oblique conical surface as a reference, and turning left and right hand process threads and the rest outer diameter step platforms for the process on the outer circles at the two ends of the multi-petal semi-finished product;
s6, clamping the multi-petal semi-finished product on a special fixture of a finish turning internal step platform through left and right handed threads, and finish turning the inner diameter of the multi-petal aluminum barrel part to the size of a finished product;
and S7, finish turning to remove the redundant left-handed and right-handed threads outside to the size of a finished product.
Has the beneficial effects that: the invention firstly symmetrically cuts the aluminum cylinder blank into four or more sections to release the internal stress of the aluminum cylinder piece, and then uses a special fixture to carry out turning processing on the symmetrically cut blank. The workpiece state after processing is the use state during assembly through clamp clamping and process guarantee.
The invention ensures the processing precision of the symmetrically split multi-petal precise thin-wall aluminum cylinder, creatively designs and arranges processing procedures at different processing stages, realizes the central symmetry adjustment and the positioning and clamping of the symmetrically split multi-petal precise thin-wall aluminum cylinder by adopting various clamps, and solves the problem of scrapping of parts caused by deformation caused by the release of internal stress after the precision thin-wall aluminum cylinder is split in the production of products. The invention is suitable for processing various symmetrically-cut precise thin-wall aluminum cylinder parts, has high positioning precision, simple operation, convenient workpiece loading and unloading, uniform clamping force on a clamped workpiece and adjustable clamping force within a certain range according to different conditions. The processing range is wide, and the applicability is strong.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an aluminum cylinder blank
FIG. 2 is a schematic drawing of a blank with 4 petals cut open
FIG. 3 is a schematic view and a cross-sectional view of a special fixture for turning an external oblique cone
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of clamping the beveled surfaces of the lathe
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a beveled surface of a finished vehicle
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of mold clamping from the finish turning of the outer diameter of the part to the finished size
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a part with finished part outer diameter finish-turned to finished dimensions
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a clamping tool for finish turning from an inner diameter to a finished size
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a special vibration reduction tool for finish turning of inner diameter to finished size
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of the components completing the finish turning of the inner diameter to finished dimensions
FIG. 11 is a schematic view of clamping of a tool dedicated for finish turning of the remaining outside diameter to the finished size
Fig. 12-a schematic view of a 4-lobe cut-away aluminum barrel to finished size completing the entire turning process.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, contents and advantages of the present invention clearer, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided.
The machining method for the multi-petal splitting high-precision thin-wall part provided by the invention solves the problem that the multi-petal splitting high-precision thin-wall part cannot be machined by adopting a reasonable clamping mode and process innovation. The method comprises the following steps:
s1, blanking or forming blank
The part is processed by adopting a pipe material, if the structure of the part is not suitable for processing the pipe material, in order to avoid the waste of materials, a casting blank can be adopted for parts which do not need to bear high overload and have no special requirements on comprehensive mechanical properties. If a part needs to bear certain high overload and the comprehensive mechanical property of the part has corresponding requirements, the die forging forming of a blank or the powerful spinning of the blank can be considered on the premise of saving the cost, but the corresponding technical requirement for manufacturing the blank must be provided according to the product design requirement, the blanking length is 18-20 mm longer than the actual size of a workpiece and is used for processing a positioning conical surface for a process, and the inner hole and the outer diameter are reserved for processing by 6-8 mm according to the actual size of a workpiece drawing.
S2, roughly turning the inner diameter and the outer diameter of the aluminum cylinder part: firstly, placing an aluminum cylinder blank on a lathe, selecting a common machine tool, fixing one end of the aluminum cylinder blank by using a self-centering three-jaw chuck, and roughly machining the aluminum cylinder blank after the other end of the aluminum cylinder blank is supported by a center frame, wherein the blade selected for rough machining is an indexable blade TCMT160404-PR, and the circular arc of the tool nose of the tool is R0.4mm. During rough machining, the total length allowance (18-20 mm) of the end face of the turning aluminum cylinder blank is reserved, the outer diameter of the turning aluminum cylinder blank is 6-8 mm according to the actual size of a workpiece drawing, and the inner hole of the turning aluminum cylinder blank is 6-8 mm according to the actual size of the workpiece drawing. The cutting parameters are as follows: cutting speed V = (100-130 m/min), feed amount f = (0.3-0.4 mm/r), and cutting depth ap = (1.5-2 mm).
The method is characterized by also comprising the following steps:
s3, symmetrically splitting the rough-machined aluminum cylinder blank 1-1 into 4 sections from the symmetrical center line by adopting linear cutting; as shown in fig. 2.
S4, the aluminum part blank 1-2 with 4 sections symmetrically cut open is loaded on a special fixture for turning the shape inclined conical surface, the shape inclined conical surfaces are turned at the two ends of the aluminum part blank to be used as process positioning conical surfaces, step holes are processed at the two ends of the aluminum part blank, and the special fixture for turning the shape inclined conical surfaces comprises: 2 fastening rings 2, a positioning shaft 3 and 8 fixing bolts 4;
2 the cover of individual tighrening ring is outside location axle 3, and the work piece sets up between the cambered surface of location axle 3 and tighrening ring 2 around the circumference, and a plurality of fixing bolt 4 pass the tighrening ring and compress tightly the work piece surface.
When in use: firstly loosening 8 fixing bolts 4, putting 4 aluminum barrel part blanks 1-2 which finish 4-piece splitting into 2 fastening rings 2, penetrating a positioning shaft 3 in the middle, firmly attaching the 4 split aluminum barrel part blanks 1-2 to the positioning shaft 3 by screwing 8 fixing bolts 4, enabling the diameter of the positioning shaft to be consistent with the size of an inner hole of the 4-piece split aluminum barrel part, and ensuring that the 4-piece split part is tightly pressed on the positioning shaft due to the fact that a small gap is formed between every two adjacent split aluminum barrel parts, as shown in fig. 3.
Processing: one end of the positioning shaft is fixed by a three-jaw chuck 5, the other end of the positioning shaft is tightly propped and positioned on a lathe through a tip 6, step surfaces are lathed at two ends of the aluminum cylinder blank 1-2, an appearance oblique conical surface for process positioning is machined at the outer end, and the overall length size of the workpiece is controlled through the step surfaces. As shown in fig. 4, the major diameter of the external tapered surface is smaller than the designed inner hole of the workpiece, so that the process positioning tapered surface can be removed when the inner hole is turned.
The process is a shape oblique conical surface process for a finish turning process and is finished by selecting equipment with high precision, stable state and sufficient cooling. The requirement for improving the precision of the positioning size is considered during the design of the clamp. The split multi-section aluminum barrel part is easy to deform under the action of clamping force, and the clamping force is reduced as much as possible during the design of the clamp.
The fastening ring 2 is made of a 45# steel tube made of high-grade high-quality carbon structural steel, the hardness of the quenched fastening ring can reach HRC 42-45, the wall thickness of the quenched fastening ring can reach 40mm, the strength requirement of the quenched fastening ring can be guaranteed, the precision of the fastening ring after repeated clamping and disassembly can be guaranteed through the procedures of rough turning, tapping by fitters, quenching, finish turning and the like, and the production and processing requirements are met. Each fastening ring 2 is provided with 4 fixing bolts 4 which are manufactured by quenching 45# round steel and an aluminum fastening pad which is matched with the fixing bolts 4 and is provided with an arc, so that necessary clamping force can be ensured when the fixing bolts are screwed down, the clamping area is increased, and the workpiece deformation is reduced. The positioning shaft 3 is made of high-grade high-quality carbon structural steel T10A, the hardness of the quenched shaft can reach HRC 50-55, the strength requirement can be ensured, and the positioning shaft is used for eliminating the deformation of a split 4-piece aluminum cylinder blank.
The clamp can meet the precision requirement of a precise thin-wall aluminum cylinder part.
The 4-piece semi-finished product 1-3 having completed the external oblique tapered surface step for positioning in the turning process is removed from the lathe, as shown in fig. 5. And 8 fixing bolts 4 are loosened, and the special fixture for turning the external oblique conical surface is removed.
S5, clamping the 4-segment semi-finished product of which the external oblique conical surface is finished by turning the external oblique conical surface as a reference, and turning left and right hand process threads and residual external diameter step platforms for the process on the outer circles at the two ends of the semi-finished product
And (3) loading the 4-segment semi-finished product 1-3 of which the external shape is finished with the oblique conical surface into a special fixture of an external diameter step platform. The special fixture of the outer diameter stair platform of the vehicle comprises: the device comprises a central positioning shaft 7, 2 oblique conical surface positioning discs 8, 2 positioning sleeves 9 and an axial screwing nut 10;
2 locating sleeves 9 are respectively arranged in step holes at two ends of the 4-segment semi-finished product, the inner circle of each of 2 oblique conical surface locating discs is provided with a conical surface and is respectively clamped on the outer oblique conical surfaces at two ends of the 4-segment semi-finished product, and a central locating shaft 7 penetrates through the central holes of the parts and is in threaded connection with an axial screwing nut 10.
When in use: firstly, sequentially sleeving 1 oblique conical surface positioning disc 8 and 1 positioning sleeve 9 on a central positioning shaft 7, then placing the oblique conical surface at the end part of 4-segment semi-finished products 1-3 of which the appearance is the oblique conical surface into a fit clearance between the oblique conical surface positioning disc 8 and the positioning sleeve 9, then penetrating the other group of oblique conical surface positioning disc 8 and the positioning sleeve 9 into the central positioning shaft 7, and finally, fixing the end part of the central positioning shaft 7 by an axially screwed nut 10 to complete axial compression, as shown in fig. 6. The section of the central positioning shaft 7 is of a T-shaped structure;
processing: one end of the central positioning shaft is fixed by a three-jaw chuck 5, the other end of the central positioning shaft is fixed on a lathe through a tip 6, a group of right-handed thread and a group of left-handed thread for fixing 4 aluminum cylinder parts in subsequent processing are designed on the outer diameters of two ends of the aluminum cylinder parts of which the cross sections are symmetrically split into 4 sections according to the drawing requirements, and the procedure of step platforms of the outer diameters of 4 aluminum cylinder part blanks 1-3 required by the drawing is completed on the other outer diameter ends.
Because the process is a finish turning process, a numerical control machine tool or turning center equipment which is high in precision, stable in state and sufficient in cooling is preferably selected to finish machining. Before the parts are machined in each shift, the equipment needs to be preheated, so that the equipment idles for more than half an hour, and the machining is started after the optimal stable state of the equipment is reached. According to the precision requirement of part machining, the radial runout and axial runout conditions of the main shaft of the equipment are checked before machining, and the requirement of machining precision is met.
One end of the aluminum cylinder is fixed by a three-jaw chuck 5, the other end of the aluminum cylinder is fixed on a lathe by a tip 6, a group of right-handed process threads for connecting and fixing 4 aluminum cylinder parts in the subsequent processing and a group of left-handed process threads for fastening 4 aluminum cylinder parts in the subsequent processing are designed on the outer diameter of the aluminum cylinder parts symmetrically split in 4 petals according to the drawing requirements, and the rest outer diameter sizes are processed according to the drawing requirements (the process threads can be removed in the subsequent working procedures).
S6, finely turning the inner diameter of the 4-section aluminum barrel part to the finished size
The 4-piece semi-finished product 1-4 (shown in fig. 7) having completed S5 is loaded on a special jig for finish turning the inner step table, and inner diameter machining is performed with a special vibration reduction tool.
The special fixture of the step platform inside the finish turning comprises: three- jaw chuck 5, 2 right-handed oblique cone positioning disks 11, 2 left-handed fixing rings 12 and a central stand 13, as shown in fig. 8.
The special vibration reduction cutter for finish turning of the internal stair platform comprises an inner hole blade 14, a machine head 15, a cutter body 16, a spring 17, a steel ball 18, a baffle plate 19, an opening cutter holder 20 and an adjusting bolt 21, and is shown in fig. 9. Patented, belongs to the prior art.
When in use: after the processing in step S6 is completed (as shown in fig. 7), the axially tightened nut 10, the oblique-cone-surface positioning disk 8 and the positioning sleeve 9 at one end of the center 6 are removed, and 1 left-handed fixing ring 12 and one right-handed oblique-cone-surface positioning disk 11 shown in fig. 8 are installed and tightened. Then the oblique conical surface positioning disk 8 and the positioning sleeve 9 at the other end are dismounted, the other group of right-handed oblique conical surface positioning disk 11 and the left-handed fixing ring 12 are installed and screwed, and the problems that right-handed threads are rotated too tightly due to the center frame support 13 and the right-handed oblique conical surface positioning disks 11 at the two ends cannot be dismounted can be solved by using the left-handed and right-handed modes of the oblique conical surface positioning disk 8 and the positioning sleeve 9.
And (3) machining the inner diameter of the 4-petal semi-finished products 1-4 to the size of the inner hole as shown by a special vibration reduction cutter for finely turning the inner step platform.
And a special inner diameter vibration reduction tool is selected to process the inner diameter of the multi-petal sectioning aluminum barrel part 1-4 with the lathed outer diameter step platform to the size of a finished product. The tool body 16 of the special inner diameter vibration reduction tool is made of high-speed steel W18Cr4V, the quenching hardness reaches HRC 58-62, the tool body is a hollow tube, the structure of the hollow tube has good bending resistance and torsional stress deformation resistance in the cutting process, and the wall thickness is 20mm. The outer circle of the cutter body 16 is quenched and then ground, the tolerance is controlled within 0.03mm, the inner hole is reamed in a deep hole before quenching, the dimensional tolerance is controlled within 0.05mm, a spiral spring 17 for eliminating vibration and resisting deformation capacity, steel balls 18 and cast iron scraps which are different in size and used for eliminating vibration of various frequencies are arranged in the inner hole of the cutter body 16, and an adjusting bolt 21 is arranged at one end of the cutter body and used for adjusting the length and the elastic force of the spiral spring to adapt to workpieces which are made of different materials and have different cutting force sizes. The tool body 16 is integrally secured to the open seat 20 for attachment to the bed of a lathe. The machine head 15 is tightly matched with the other end of the tool body 16 through a saw-tooth-shaped V-shaped groove, and is tightly pressed and fixed by a screw. The machine head 15 is provided with a through groove for clamping the special integrated cutter embedded with the inner hole blade 14, and the inner hole is turned to a designed finished product size by the inner hole blade 14 by adopting a numerical control lathe. The tool body 16 is internally provided with a cooling pipe, and high-pressure cutting fluid is poured to the tool tip of the cutting tool through the cooling hole to cool the tool and the workpiece. The steel balls 18 and cast iron chips with different sizes are filled between the inner hole of the cutter rod and the cooling pipe, and a gap is reserved.
The arc of the tool nose of the tool generally selected for finish machining is R0.4mm. The processing tools at key positions are reasonably arranged, multi-tool stepped cutting is adopted, and coarse and fine separation is carried out, namely the tool fed at the last time is separated from the tool used in the previous process to ensure the final processing quality.
The machining allowance is 3-4 mm in diameter, and the machining parameters of the working procedure are as follows: cutting speed V = (100-130 m/min), feed amount f = (0.15-0.2 mm/r), and cutting depth ap = (0.5-0.8 mm).
The clamping of the part in the machining process ensures that the positioning of the part and the clamp, the flatness and parallelism of the pressing surface and the like are good, all surfaces are cleaned up and are ensured not to clamp scraps, all components of the clamp are positioned and the pressing force is controlled to be larger than the cutting force, the part cannot be clamped too tightly, and the large stress deformation after machining is avoided.
S7, finish turning is carried out to remove the left-hand thread and the right-hand thread which are redundant outside to reach the size of a finished product
The 4-piece semi-finished product 1-5 having finished the finish turning of the inner step is loaded on a finish turning outer excess size special jig as shown in fig. 10. The special fixture for finish turning the external residual size comprises: a three-jaw chuck 5, a front inclined conical surface positioning plate 22, a rear inclined conical surface positioning plate 23 and a tip 6, as shown in fig. 11.
When in use: the front bevel face positioning plate 22 is first fixed to the three-jaw chuck 5. And then inserting one end of 4 semi-finished products 1-5 of 4 sections which finish the step platform procedure in the finish turning into an oblique cone groove of the front oblique cone surface positioning disc 22, inserting the other end of the semi-finished products into an oblique cone groove of the rear oblique cone surface positioning disc 23, and performing axial extrusion by using the tip 6 without overlarge jacking force to prevent the workpiece from deforming.
And (3) turning left-handed and right-handed process threads in the 4-segment semi-finished products 1-5, machining to the size of a finished product, and then removing the clamp to obtain a final 4-segment aluminum barrel part, as shown in fig. 12.
After the process of the S6 step is completed, the workpiece is not required to be dismounted from the tool, the wider magic tape is selected to tie and fix the 4-piece aluminum barrel part on the machined outer diameter surface close to the left-handed thread, and the 4-piece aluminum barrel part is prevented from being scattered when the tool is dismounted.
And (4) putting the multi-petal aluminum barrel part which finishes the magic tape binding procedure into a special tool for finish machining of the residual size of the outer diameter. In the tool, a front oblique conical surface positioning disc 22 is clamped on the three-jaw chuck 5 and is aligned by a magnetic force meter, and the jumping quantity of the dial indicator is controlled within 0.02 mm.
Two left-handed fixing rings 12 are loosened by a belt wrench, right-handed oblique conical surface positioning discs 11 at two ends are respectively disassembled, two left-handed fixing rings 12 are disassembled, one end of a 4-piece aluminum tube piece bound with a wider magic tape is placed into an end surface groove for positioning of a front oblique conical surface positioning disc 22, the other end of the 4-piece aluminum tube piece is fixed by an end surface groove for positioning of a rear oblique conical surface positioning disc 23, a tip 6 is moved, a workpiece 1-5 is tightly pressed by proper pressing force, and workpiece deformation caused by overlarge pressing force is prevented.
And then turning to remove left-handed and right-handed threads to meet the design size requirement of the drawing.
Loosen the magic subsides, take off 4 lamella aluminum barrel spares, beat the prefix on the non-location working face of 4 lamella aluminum barrel spares, be convenient for assemble in use in groups.
S8, completion inspection
The checking of the general dimensions should be carried out as much as possible with the use of universal gauges.
Special measuring tools can be used for high-precision and heavy-weight dimension detection.
For form and position tolerance detection with high precision requirements, in order to objectively reflect the actual state of part machining, internal measurement is allowed, namely, a tool clamping part used in machining is used on original machining equipment to perform meter making and acceptance inspection.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several modifications and variations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and variations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A machining method for a multi-petal split high-precision thin-wall part comprises the following steps:
s1, blanking or forming a blank;
s2, roughly turning the inner and outer diameters of the aluminum cylinder part;
the method is characterized by further comprising the following steps:
s3, symmetrically splitting the rough machined aluminum cylinder blank 1-1 into a plurality of sections from a symmetrical center line by adopting linear cutting;
s4, loading the symmetrically split multi-petal aluminum piece blank onto a special fixture for turning an outline oblique conical surface, turning outline oblique conical surfaces at two ends of the aluminum piece blank to serve as process positioning conical surfaces, and turning step surfaces of inner holes at two ends;
s5, clamping the multi-petal semi-finished product of which the external oblique conical surface is finished by turning the external oblique conical surface as a reference, and turning left and right hand process threads and the rest outer diameter step platforms for the process on the outer circles at the two ends of the multi-petal semi-finished product;
s6, clamping the multi-petal semi-finished product on a special fixture of a finish turning internal step platform through left and right handed threads, and finish turning the inner diameter of the multi-petal aluminum barrel part to the size of a finished product;
and S7, finish turning to remove the redundant left-handed and right-handed threads outside to the size of a finished product.
2. The method for machining the multi-petal split high-precision thin-wall part according to claim 1, wherein the aluminum cylinder blank is split into four petals symmetrically from a symmetrical center line.
3. The machining method of the multi-segment split high-precision thin-wall part as claimed in claim 1, wherein in S4, a special fixture for turning an external oblique conical surface comprises 2 fastening rings 2, a positioning shaft 3 and a fixing bolt 4; the laminating of aluminium part blank is on the location epaxial excircle, and 2 tighrening rings 2 cover are outside the aluminium part blank, and a plurality of fixing bolt 4 pass the tighrening ring and compress tightly aluminium part blank surface.
4. The machining method of the multi-petal split high-precision thin-wall part as claimed in claim 3, wherein the diameter of the positioning shaft is consistent with the size of an inner hole of the aluminum cylinder part, a gap is reserved between two adjacent split aluminum cylinder parts attached to the positioning shaft, and 4 split parts can be guaranteed to be pressed on the positioning shaft; processing: one end of the positioning shaft is fixed by a three-jaw chuck 5, the other end of the positioning shaft is tightly propped and positioned on a lathe through a tip 6, step surfaces are lathed in inner holes at two ends of the aluminum cylinder blank 1-2, an appearance oblique conical surface for process positioning is machined at the outer end of the aluminum cylinder blank, the overall length of the workpiece is controlled through the step surfaces, and the large diameter of the appearance oblique conical surface is smaller than the size of the inner hole of the finished workpiece.
5. The method for machining the multi-segment split high-precision thin-wall part according to claim 3, wherein the fastening ring 2 is made of a high-grade high-quality carbon structural steel No. 45 steel pipe, the hardness of the hardened high-precision thin-wall part reaches HRC 42-45, and the wall thickness of the hardened high-precision thin-wall part reaches 40mm.
6. The machining method of the multi-petal sectioning high-precision thin-wall part as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that the end of the fixing bolt 4 on each fastening ring 2 is provided with an aluminum fastening pad with an arc; the positioning shaft 3 is made of high-grade high-quality carbon structural steel T10A, and the hardness of the quenched shaft can reach HRC 50-55.
7. The method for processing the multi-petal sectioning high-precision thin-wall part according to claim 1, wherein in S5, the multi-petal semi-finished product of which the external beveled conical surface is finished is loaded on a special fixture of an external radial step platform of the vehicle, and the special fixture of the external radial step platform of the vehicle comprises a central positioning shaft 7, 2 beveled conical surface positioning discs 8, 2 positioning sleeves 9 and an axial screwing nut 10;2 locating sleeves 9 are respectively arranged in step holes at two ends of the multi-petal semi-finished product, the inner circles of 2 oblique conical surface locating discs are provided with conical surfaces and are respectively clamped on the outer oblique conical surfaces at two ends of the 4-petal semi-finished product, and a central locating shaft 7 penetrates through the central holes of the components and is in threaded connection with an axial screwing nut 10.
8. The machining method for the multi-petal high-precision thin-wall split part according to claim 7, characterized in that the cross section of the central positioning shaft 7 is of a T-shaped structure; processing: one end of the central positioning shaft is fixed by a three-jaw chuck 5, the other end of the central positioning shaft is fixed on a lathe through a tip 6, a group of right-handed process threads and a group of left-handed process threads for fixing 4 pieces of aluminum barrel parts in subsequent processing are designed on the outer diameters of two ends of the symmetrically split multi-piece aluminum barrel part, the right-handed process threads and the left-handed process threads of each end are adjacent, and the required step of the outer diameter step platform of the bicycle is completed at the other outer diameter ends.
9. The method for processing the multi-petal sectioning high-precision thin-wall part according to claim 7, wherein in S6, the special fixture for finish turning the inner step platform comprises a three-jaw chuck 5, 2 right-handed oblique cone positioning plates 11, 2 left-handed fixing rings 12 and a central rack 13, right-handed internal threads are processed at the end parts of the right-handed oblique cone positioning plates, oblique cones are processed in the middle parts of inner cavities and are used for being matched with oblique cones of semi-finished products, during processing, an axial screwing nut 10, an oblique cone positioning plate 8 and a positioning sleeve 9 at one end of a tip 6 are firstly dismounted, 1 left-handed fixing ring 12 and right-handed oblique cone positioning plate 11 are mounted at the end parts of the semi-finished products, then the oblique cone positioning plate 8 and the positioning sleeve 9 at the other end are dismounted, and the other group of right-handed oblique cone positioning plate 11 and left-handed fixing ring 12 are mounted and screwed.
10. The method for processing a thin-walled multi-sectioned high-precision thin-walled part according to claim 1, wherein in step S7, the multi-sectioned semi-finished product having completed the step of finish-turning the inner step table is loaded onto a jig for finish-turning the outer residual dimension, the jig for finish-turning the outer residual dimension comprising: the three-jaw chuck 5, the front oblique conical surface positioning disc 22, the rear oblique conical surface positioning disc 23 and the tip 6; when in use: firstly, fixing a front oblique conical surface positioning disc 22 on a three-jaw chuck 5, then inserting one end of a multi-petal semi-finished product which finishes a finish turning internal step platform procedure into an oblique conical groove of the front oblique conical surface positioning disc 22, inserting the other end of the multi-petal semi-finished product into an oblique conical groove of a rear oblique conical surface positioning disc 23, and axially compacting by using a tip 6; and turning the left-handed and right-handed process threads in the multi-petal semi-finished product and processing the multi-petal semi-finished product to the size of a finished product.
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