CN109732293B - Thin-wall separation type solid retainer processing method - Google Patents
Thin-wall separation type solid retainer processing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109732293B CN109732293B CN201910238643.2A CN201910238643A CN109732293B CN 109732293 B CN109732293 B CN 109732293B CN 201910238643 A CN201910238643 A CN 201910238643A CN 109732293 B CN109732293 B CN 109732293B
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Abstract
A processing method of a thin-wall separation type solid retainer relates to the technical field of retainer design and manufacture. The invention solves the problems that the existing thin-wall separation type bearing entity retainer has high processing difficulty, is easy to deform, has lower precision of the inner diameter and the outer diameter of the retainer and the processing precision of a rivet hole, and is difficult to ensure the processing quality of a product. The thin-wall separation type solid retainer processing method is realized by the following steps of firstly, finely turning a first plane, a second plane, roughly grinding the outer diameter and finely turning the inner diameter in sequence; step two, solid solution strengthening; step three, turning two planes; step four, finely grinding the outer diameter; step five, finish turning the inner diameter; step six, drilling a rivet hole; step seven, inserting a pin; step eight, drilling and milling a pocket; step nine, final grinding of the outer diameter; step ten, the inner diameter of the final vehicle; eleven, pin removal, deburring and finishing; and step twelve, fluorescent penetrant inspection. The invention is used for improving the inner and outer diameter precision and the rivet hole processing precision of the thin-wall separation type solid retainer.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of design and manufacture of retainers, in particular to a thin-wall separation type solid retainer processing method.
Background
The separated bearing retainer is widely applied to deep groove ball bearings, and has the main functions of: keeping the rolling bodies at a proper distance from each other to reduce the friction torque of the bearing and the heat generated by friction; the rolling bodies are uniformly distributed in the whole bearing so as to optimize load distribution and reduce noise; the rolling elements are guided in the unloaded region to improve the rolling conditions and to prevent damaging sliding, it being seen that the cage plays a crucial role in the bearing.
The thin-wall structure bearing retainer is common in recent years, and is widely applied to the bearing industry due to the advantages of light weight, material saving, compact structure and the like in use. While there are many advantages in use, thin-walled cages present a number of difficult problems in production.
The factors influencing the machining precision of the thin-wall part have the following three aspects:
firstly, clamping deformation. Under the action of clamping pressure, the part can deform on different sections (or angular directions), and the deformation size can be determined by referring to a similar triangle; after the clamping is loosened, the part can be irregularly deformed (rebounded), and the size and the shape of the workpiece can be influenced by the pressure change;
and secondly, stress deformation generated by cutting heat. Under the influence of cutting heat, the thin wall part has the phenomenon of uneven heating of parts, and deformation is caused by expansion with heat and contraction with cold, so that the size is difficult to control;
and thirdly, turning, stressed and deformed. Under the action of cutting force, the thin-wall part is easy to vibrate and deform, tool lines are formed on the surface of the thin-wall part, the depths of the tool lines are different, and the thin-wall part cannot obtain accurate sizes, standard shapes and the like.
The processing process flow of the existing thin-wall separated copper bearing entity retainer is as follows:
molding → first plane of fine turning → second plane of fine turning → inner diameter of fine turning → outer diameter of rough turning → drilling of rivet hole (two-piece retainer simultaneously processing) → chamfering of rivet hole angle → dowel pin → typewriting → drilling → reaming hole → inner diameter of final turning → outer diameter of final turning → chamfering → deburring → dowel pin dismantling → finishing → fluorescent penetrant inspection → acid cleaning → finishing inspection → packaging.
The existing processing method of the thin-wall separation type copper bearing entity retainer has the following defects:
firstly, the problem of processing deformation of a thin-wall separation type bearing entity retainer is neglected in the original process, so that the ovality of the inner diameter and the outer diameter of the retainer is out of tolerance, the ovality of the inner diameter and the outer diameter is 0.15-0.25 mm, and the retainer cannot be repaired.
Secondly, the rivet hole processing of the thin-wall separation type bearing entity retainer belongs to deep hole processing, two retainers are overlapped and simultaneously processed by an original process method (as shown in figure 4, an upper retainer half A-1 and a lower retainer half A-2), the processing difficulty is large, the difficulty is that a cutter is slender, poor in rigidity and low in strength, the cutter is easy to deflect, the vertical difference of a rivet hole A-3 is out of tolerance and reaches 0.25-0.35 mm, the requirement of a finished product is not met, the equal difference of the lower retainer is out of tolerance, cooling lubricating liquid in drilling is difficult to enter, heat dissipation is difficult, chips are difficult to remove, a drill bit is easy to break, and the product is scrapped.
Thirdly, the original cage pocket processing method comprises the following steps: adopt the ordinary drilling machine of Z5932, choose for use the reamer processing holder pocket unanimous with the pocket size, reamer diameter size can diminish after the reamer wearing and tearing to lead to holder pocket size to diminish, not conform to the finished product requirement, cause the product to rework or scrap, the reamer is also done and is scrapped the processing, increases the processing cost, extension processing cycle.
And if the rivet holes are vertical poor and the equal difference is unqualified, the machining precision of the equal difference of the post-process pocket holes is directly influenced, and a rivet hole is used as a positioning reference hole during pocket hole machining, so that the position of each pocket hole is ensured in the middle of two rivet holes, and the position relation between the pocket holes and the rivet holes is ensured.
In conclusion, the existing thin-wall separation type bearing entity retainer has the problems that the machining difficulty is high, the deformation is easy to generate, the precision of the inner diameter and the outer diameter of the retainer and the machining precision of a rivet hole are low, and the machining quality of a product is difficult to ensure.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a thin-wall separation type solid retainer processing method, aiming at solving the problems that the existing thin-wall separation type solid retainer for a bearing is high in processing difficulty and easy to deform, the precision of the inner diameter and the outer diameter of the retainer and the processing precision of a rivet hole are low, and the processing quality of a product is difficult to ensure.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a thin-wall separation type solid retainer processing method is realized by the following steps,
step one, finely turning a first plane, a second plane, roughly grinding the outer diameter and finely turning the inner diameter in sequence:
mounting the molded retainer on a lathe, finely turning a first plane and a second plane of the retainer, mounting the retainer after finely turning the two planes on a grinding machine, roughly grinding the outer diameter of the retainer, mounting the retainer after roughly grinding the outer diameter on the lathe, finely turning the inner diameter of the retainer, reserving the rough grinding outer diameter for the fine grinding outer diameter by 0.2-0.3 mm, and reserving the fine turning inner diameter for the fine turning inner diameter by 0.3-0.4 mm;
step two, solid solution strengthening:
carrying out solid solution strengthening on the retainer after the inner circle is finely turned by adopting a quenching heating furnace;
step three, uniformly turning two planes:
mounting the retainer after solid solution strengthening on a lathe, and sequentially and uniformly lathing a first plane and a second plane of the retainer;
step four, fine grinding of the excircle:
step four, finely grinding the outer diameter:
installing the holder after turning two planes uniformly on a grinding machine, finely grinding the outer diameter of the holder, controlling the dispersion of the outer diameter size to be 0- +0.02mm, controlling the ovality VDcp0.008-0.015 mm of the outer diameter, and rotating the grinding wheel: 1650r/min, rotating speed of the guide wheel: 25-35 r/min, and the allowance of the fine grinding outer diameter to the final grinding outer diameter is 0.07-0.1 mm;
step five, finish turning the inner diameter:
installing the holder after the external diameter is finely ground on a lathe, adopting an angle surface mould to wrap 85-95% of the area of the external diameter of the holder, finely turning the internal diameter of the holder, controlling the size dispersion of the internal diameter between 0 and +0.05mm, controlling the ovality of the internal diameter between Vdcp0.025 and 0.04mm, and rotating speed: 700-1000 r/min, and the allowance of the finish turning inner diameter to the final turning inner diameter is 0.15-0.2 mm;
step six, drilling a rivet hole and chamfering a rivet hole angle:
installing the single-piece retainer after finish turning of the inner diameter on a chuck of a machining center through a drilling die, drilling a rivet hole on the end face of the retainer by adopting a drill bit with tolerance design of +0.03mm, wherein the machining tolerance of the rivet hole is +/-0.05 mm, and chamfering a rivet hole angle;
step seven, pin insertion and typing:
performing bolt processing on the retainer after the rivet hole is drilled, and printing a material code and a product sequence number;
step eight, drilling and milling a pocket:
adopting a numerical control machining center, firstly drilling a hole by using a drill bit, then selecting a milling cutter with the size of 1-2 mm smaller than the size of the drilled hole for machining, and machining a cage pocket by using a circular interpolation method;
step nine, final grinding of the outer diameter:
mounting the retainer after the pocket drilling and milling on a grinding machine, and finally grinding the outer diameter of the retainer, wherein the size dispersion of the outer diameter is controlled to be 0- +0.02mm, and the ovality VDcp0.006-0.01 mm of the outer diameter;
step ten, final turning of the inner diameter, chamfering and deburring:
mounting the retainer with the finally ground outer diameter on a lathe, machining the inner diameter of the retainer by final turning, chamfering the inner part and the outer part of two end surfaces of the retainer, and removing burrs on all surfaces of the retainer;
eleven, pin removal and finishing:
removing pins of the retainer after the inner diameter of the final lathe, and rounding an acute angle and a sharp angle;
step twelve, fluorescent penetrant inspection:
and (4) carrying out fluorescent penetrant inspection and acid washing on the retainer after the polishing treatment, and carrying out final inspection and packaging on the retainer after the acid washing, so that the machining of the retainer is completed.
Furthermore, the processing tolerance of the rivet hole in the step six is compressed to 0 to +0.05 mm.
Further, the minimum processing size of the rivet hole in the sixth step is phi 0.8 mm.
Further, the drill bit in the sixth step is a cemented carbide drill bit.
Further, the tolerance of the drill bit in the sixth step is designed to be +0.03 mm.
Further, the drilling die in the sixth step wraps 80% -90% of the outer diameter of the single-piece retainer.
Further, the drilling die in the sixth step clamps the single-piece retainer in a pneumatic clamping manner.
Furthermore, the drilling die in the sixth step comprises a chuck and three fan-shaped clamping jaws, the circle center of each fan-shaped clamping jaw is provided with an arc surface along the circumferential direction, the end surface of the inner side of each fan-shaped clamping jaw is provided with an arc groove matched with the outer diameter of the single-piece retainer along the axis of the arc groove, the arc groove and the arc surface are coaxially arranged, and the outer circumference of each fan-shaped clamping jaw is provided with a threaded hole along the radial direction;
the clamping method of the drilling die is realized through the following steps of installing 3 fan-shaped clamping jaws on a pneumatic chuck, locking and fixing the fan-shaped clamping jaws by matching screws and threaded holes, then milling the fan-shaped clamping jaws according to the size of the outer diameter of the retainer, wherein the size of each fan-shaped clamping jaw is 0.05-0.1 mm larger than that of the retainer, processing arc-shaped grooves for accommodating the retainer on the 3 fan-shaped clamping jaws, putting the retainer into the processed arc-shaped grooves, pressing a button on the pneumatic chuck, automatically fixing the retainer by the 3 fan-shaped clamping jaws, and clamping the retainer by the fan-shaped clamping jaws through power generated by compressed air by the pneumatic chuck.
Further, the clamping depth of the fan-shaped claws in the sixth step is not less than 4/5 of the width of the retainer.
Further, the retainer in the sixth step is a thin-wall separation type entity retainer, the thin-wall separation type entity retainer is made of aluminum-iron-manganese-bronze pipe materials, when the retainer of the aluminum-iron-manganese-bronze pipe materials is subjected to solution strengthening by a quenching heating furnace, the temperature control precision of the furnace temperature is +/-3 ℃, the uniformity of the furnace temperature is +/-5 ℃, the temperature of quenching liquid is 15-35 ℃, the heating temperature of solution quenching is 840-860 ℃, the aging is 340-360 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2-3 h, and the furnace temperature is cooled to room temperature in an air cooling mode.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following effects:
the problem of processing deformation of the thin-wall separation type bearing entity retainer is solved, and meanwhile, the processing precision of the rivet hole is improved and the rejection rate is reduced by changing the processing method of the rivet hole of the retainer.
1. Compared with the traditional process, the invention adds a solid solution strengthening process, aims to improve the strength and hardness of the copper material, reduces or avoids product deformation in subsequent processing, reduces the hardness (the wall thickness of the tube material is less than 16) of the aluminum-iron-manganese-bronze tube material before the solid solution strengthening by 140-200 HB, and improves the hardness after the solid solution strengthening by 5-10%;
2. in order to reduce the deformation of a product in processing, the invention adds the procedures of 'finely grinding the outer diameter, finely turning the inner diameter and finally grinding the outer diameter', and aims to reduce the stress deformation caused by turning stress deformation and cutting heat, and the processing allowance is distributed in the procedures of difficult deformation as much as possible, so that the processing precision is improved; the purpose of increasing the fine grinding outer diameter is to avoid the clamping deformation of turning, and the fine grinding outer diameter is uniform in size, reduce the size dispersion difference, improve the outer diameter precision, lay a machining foundation for the finish turning inner diameter of the subsequent procedure, and ensure the machining precision and size consistency of the finish turning inner diameter of the subsequent procedure; the finish turning inner diameter is wrapped by an angular surface mould by 85-95% of the area of the outer diameter of the retainer, so that the processing precision of the previous procedure is ensured, the outer diameter is not deformed when the retainer is clamped, the size dispersion of the inner diameter is controlled to be 0- +0.05mm, and the ovality of the inner diameter is Vdcp0.025-0.04 mm;
3. the invention adopts the method of processing the rivet hole by a single sheet, which aims to reduce the processing depth, and the rivet hole is characterized by being thin and long, so that the drill bit is not easy to deflect and bend in the processing process, and the universal assembly of rivet hole processing can be realized, namely, two half-retainers are riveted at will, and the rivet can smoothly pass through the two half-retainers to achieve the best riveting effect;
4. processing practices prove that the improved process is reasonable and feasible, the production practice is matched, the process method really plays a role of guiding production, the problem that the thin-wall separation type solid retainer is difficult to process is solved, the precision of the inner diameter and the outer diameter of the retainer and the processing precision of a rivet hole are further improved, and the processing quality of a product is ensured;
5. the thin-wall separation type solid retainer processing method is also suitable for processing other separation type retainers. When the split steel solid cage is processed, the "fluorescent penetrant inspection" described in the twelfth step of the first embodiment needs to be replaced with the "magnetic powder inspection".
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a rivet hole drilling die;
FIG. 2 is a front view of the sector shaped jaw;
FIG. 3 is a top view of FIG. 2;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of a conventional two-piece retainer when it is simultaneously processed after being overlapped.
Detailed Description
The first embodiment is as follows: the present embodiment will be described with reference to fig. 1 to 3, and the thin-wall separation type solid cage processing method of the present embodiment is realized by the following steps,
step one, finely turning a first plane, a second plane, roughly grinding the outer diameter and finely turning the inner diameter in sequence:
mounting the molded retainer on a lathe, finely turning a first plane and a second plane of the retainer, mounting the retainer after finely turning the two planes on a grinding machine, roughly grinding the outer diameter of the retainer, mounting the retainer after roughly grinding the outer diameter on the lathe, finely turning the inner diameter of the retainer, reserving the rough grinding outer diameter for the fine grinding outer diameter by 0.2-0.3 mm, and reserving the fine turning inner diameter for the fine turning inner diameter by 0.3-0.4 mm;
step two, solid solution strengthening:
carrying out solid solution strengthening on the retainer after the inner circle is finely turned by adopting a quenching heating furnace;
step three, uniformly turning two planes:
mounting the retainer after solid solution strengthening on a lathe, and sequentially and uniformly lathing a first plane and a second plane of the retainer;
step four, finely grinding the outer diameter:
installing the holder after turning two planes uniformly on a grinding machine, finely grinding the outer diameter of the holder, controlling the dispersion of the outer diameter size to be 0- +0.02mm, controlling the ovality VDcp0.008-0.015 mm of the outer diameter, and rotating the grinding wheel: 1650r/min, rotating speed of the guide wheel: 25-35 r/min, and the allowance of the fine grinding outer diameter to the final grinding outer diameter is 0.07-0.1 mm;
step five, finish turning the inner diameter:
installing the holder after the external diameter is finely ground on a lathe, adopting an angle surface mould to wrap 85-95% of the area of the external diameter of the holder, finely turning the internal diameter of the holder, controlling the size dispersion of the internal diameter between 0 and +0.05mm, controlling the ovality of the internal diameter between Vdcp0.025 and 0.04mm, and rotating speed: 700-1000 r/min, and the allowance of the finish turning inner diameter to the final turning inner diameter is 0.15-0.2 mm;
step six, drilling a rivet hole and chamfering a rivet hole angle:
installing the single-piece retainer after finish turning of the inner diameter on a chuck 1 of a machining center through a drilling die, drilling a rivet hole on the end face of the retainer by adopting a drill bit with tolerance design of +0.03mm, wherein the machining tolerance of the rivet hole is +/-0.05 mm, and chamfering a rivet hole angle;
step seven, pin insertion and typing:
performing bolt processing on the retainer after the rivet hole is drilled (the number of the bolts is less than one in the number of the rivet holes required by the finished product drawing), and printing a material code and a product sequence number;
step eight, drilling and milling a pocket:
adopting a numerical control machining center, firstly drilling a hole by using a drill bit, then selecting a milling cutter with the size of 1-2 mm smaller than the size of the drilled hole for machining, and machining a cage pocket by using a circular interpolation method;
step nine, final grinding of the outer diameter:
mounting the retainer after the pocket milling on a grinding machine, and finally grinding the outer diameter of the retainer, wherein the size dispersion of the outer diameter is controlled to be 0 to +0.02mm, and the ovality VDcp0.006 to 0.01mm of the outer diameter;
step ten, final turning of the inner diameter, chamfering and deburring:
mounting the retainer with the finally ground outer diameter on a lathe, machining the inner diameter of the retainer by final turning, chamfering the inner part and the outer part of two end surfaces of the retainer, and removing burrs on all surfaces of the retainer;
eleven, pin removal and finishing:
removing pins of the retainer after the inner diameter of the final lathe, and rounding an acute angle and a sharp angle;
step twelve, fluorescent penetrant inspection:
and (4) carrying out fluorescent penetrant inspection and acid washing on the retainer after the polishing treatment, and carrying out final inspection and packaging on the retainer after the acid washing, so that the machining of the retainer is completed.
In the embodiment, the method for machining the cage pocket adopts a numerical control machining center, a milling cutter with the size being 1-2 mm smaller than the size of a drilled hole is selected for machining, and the cage pocket is machined by a circular interpolation method, so that even if the milling cutter is worn and the size becomes smaller, the cage pocket can be machined normally, qualified products can be machined by the circular interpolation method, the cage pocket cannot be scrapped, and the machining cost is reduced.
In the present embodiment, when the outer diameter is finally ground, the variation in the outer diameter dimension is controlled to 0 to +0.02mm, the ovality of the outer diameter vdcp0.006 to 0.01mm, the outer diameter is a guide surface of the holder and is also an important part of the holder, and the required machining accuracy is relatively high, so that the machining accuracy must be ensured during machining. The second embodiment is as follows: the processing tolerance of the rivet hole in step six of the present embodiment is compressed to 0 to +0.05 mm. So set up, finished product drawing requires that the machining tolerance of rivet hole is 0.05mm, for reaching the omnipotent matched stack of rivet hole processing, compresses the machining tolerance of rivet hole to +0.05mm, and chooses for use the carbide drill bit, and hardness is higher, and is stand wear and tear, and the rivet hole diameter size of processing out is stable for two half holders of riveting at will, the rivet can all smoothly be through reaching the best effect of riveting. Other components and connections are the same as in the first embodiment.
The third concrete implementation mode: the minimum machining size of the rivet hole in the sixth step of the present embodiment is Φ 0.8 mm. Other compositions and connections are the same as in the first or second embodiments.
The fourth concrete implementation mode: the drill bit in step six of the present embodiment is a cemented carbide drill bit. So set up, design non-standard drill bit processing rivet hole, carbide is chooseed for use to the drill bit material, and the purpose reduces the wearing and tearing of drill bit in the processing. Other compositions and connection relationships are the same as in the first, second or third embodiment.
The fifth concrete implementation mode: the tolerance of the drill bit described in step six of the present embodiment is designed to be +0.03 mm. So set up, the drill bit tolerance design is +0.03mm, makes rivet hole size processing stable. Other compositions and connection relationships are the same as those in the first, second, third or fourth embodiment.
The sixth specific implementation mode: referring to fig. 1, the present embodiment will be described, wherein the drilling mold described in step six of the present embodiment wraps 80% to 90% of the outer diameter of the single piece retainer 3. So set up, because of this type of holder wall thickness is less, the clamping deformation appears very easily, and the drilling mould wraps up 80% ~ 90% of holder external diameter, increases the area of parcel holder external diameter as far as possible, can effectively avoid the holder clamping to warp. Other compositions and connection relationships are the same as in the first, second, third, fourth or fifth embodiment.
The seventh embodiment: referring to fig. 1, the present embodiment will be described, and the drilling mold described in step six of the present embodiment clamps the single piece holder 3 by pneumatic clamping. So set up, the drilling mould is the pneumatic clamping mode, because of the flexible high, the pressure is little of pneumatic clamping mode, convenient to use dismantles the convenience, is the most suitable clamping mode to thin wall spare. Other compositions and connection relationships are the same as in the first, second, third, fourth, fifth or sixth embodiment.
The specific implementation mode is eight: the embodiment is described with reference to fig. 1 to 3, the drilling mold in the sixth step of the embodiment includes a chuck 1 and three fan-shaped jaws 2, the circle center of each fan-shaped jaw 2 is provided with an arc surface 2-1 along the circumferential direction, the end surface of the inner side of each fan-shaped jaw 2 is provided with an arc groove 2-2 along the axis N-N thereof, the arc groove 2-2 is matched with the outer diameter of the single-piece holder 3, the arc groove 2-2 and the arc surface 2-1 are coaxially arranged, and the outer circumference of each fan-shaped jaw 2 is provided with a threaded hole 2-3 along the radial direction;
the clamping method of the drilling die is realized through the following steps that 3 fan-shaped clamping jaws 2 are installed on a pneumatic chuck 1, the fan-shaped clamping jaws 2 are locked and fixed through the cooperation of screws and threaded holes 2-3, then the fan-shaped clamping jaws 2 are milled according to the size of the outer diameter of the retainer, the fan-shaped clamping jaws 2 are larger than the size of the retainer by 0.05-0.1 mm, arc-shaped grooves 2-2 for containing the retainer are machined in the 3 fan-shaped clamping jaws 2, the retainer is placed into the machined arc-shaped grooves 2-2, a button on the pneumatic chuck 1 is pressed, the retainer is automatically fixed through the 3 fan-shaped clamping jaws 2, and the power generated by compressed air is used by the pneumatic chuck 1 to enable the fan-shaped clamping jaws 2. Other compositions and connection relationships are the same as those of embodiment one, two, three, four, five, six or seven.
The pneumatic chuck 1 of the present embodiment is: HJS-70, pressure: 0.4 to 0.5 MPa. The specific implementation method nine: referring to fig. 1 to 3, the present embodiment is described, and the clamping depth of the fan-shaped claws 2 in step six of the present embodiment is not less than 4/5 of the width of the retainer 1. Other compositions and connection relationships are the same as those in the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh or eighth embodiment.
The detailed implementation mode is ten: the retainer in the sixth step of the embodiment is a thin-wall separation type entity retainer, the thin-wall separation type entity retainer is made of aluminum-iron-manganese-bronze pipe materials, when a quenching heating furnace is adopted for carrying out solid solution strengthening on the retainer of the aluminum-iron-manganese-bronze pipe materials, the furnace temperature control precision is +/-3 ℃, the furnace temperature uniformity is +/-5 ℃, the temperature of quenching liquid is 15-35 ℃, the heating temperature of solid solution quenching is 840-860 ℃, the aging is 340-360 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2-3 h, and the temperature is cooled to the room temperature in an air cooling mode. Other compositions and connection relationships are the same as those of embodiment one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight or nine.
The retainer in the embodiment is a thin-wall separation type solid retainer, the thin-wall separation type solid retainer is made of aluminum-iron-manganese-bronze pipe materials, the hardness of the pipe materials is 140-200 HB, the wall thickness of the pipe materials is less than 16mm, and the hardness is improved by 5% -10% after solid solution strengthening.
Facility requirements for solid solution strengthening in the present embodiment:
the quenching heating furnace adopts a box type resistance furnace with fan stirring furnace gas, the temperature control precision of the furnace temperature is +/-3 ℃, and the uniformity of the furnace temperature is +/-5 ℃; the temperature of the quenching liquid is within 15-35 ℃, and the quenching tank has a forced circulation function or a stirring function of the quenching liquid, so that the temperature of the quenching liquid is uniform;
the process parameters of solid solution strengthening in the present embodiment:
the heating temperature of the solution quenching is 840-860 ℃ (calculated according to 1h per 25mm thickness), the solution quenching is cooled to room temperature (note: the heating equipment, the charging mode and the charging amount are considered when the heating temperature is selected), the aging is 340-360 ℃, the heat preservation time is 2-3 h, the solution quenching is air-cooled to room temperature,
the process requirements for solid solution strengthening in the present embodiment are:
a. the solution treatment of the copper alloy parts requires charging in a hot furnace and heating along with the furnace;
b. a special charging basket is adopted when the parts are charged;
c. the parts are orderly discharged into the charging basket, so that the parts are prevented from being deformed and damaged due to improper placement;
d. during quenching, the parts move vertically and uniformly in the quenching liquid and circumferentially to ensure the hardenability of the parts;
e. the part is not allowed to be exposed out of the quenching liquid level in the quenching process;
f. the time interval after the solution quenching to the aging treatment is not allowed to exceed 8 hours.
TABLE 1
Table 1 shows the comparison between the processing precision and the process requirement of the thin-wall separated solid retainer processed by the processing method of the invention. As shown in Table 1, after the process optimization, the ovality of the outer diameter of the retainer is 0.006-0.01, the ovality of the inner diameter is 0.02-0.03, the vertical difference of the rivet holes is 0.03-0.05, and the equal difference of the rivet holes is 0.03-0.05. The precision of the inner diameter and the outer diameter of the retainer and the processing precision of the rivet hole are further improved, and the processing quality of the product is ensured.
Claims (9)
1. A thin-wall separation type solid retainer processing method is characterized in that: the processing method of the thin-wall separation type solid retainer is realized by the following steps,
step one, finely turning a first plane, a second plane, roughly grinding the outer diameter and finely turning the inner diameter in sequence:
mounting the molded retainer on a lathe, finely turning a first plane and a second plane of the retainer, mounting the retainer after finely turning the two planes on a grinding machine, roughly grinding the outer diameter of the retainer, mounting the retainer after roughly grinding the outer diameter on the lathe, finely turning the inner diameter of the retainer, reserving the rough grinding outer diameter for the fine grinding outer diameter by 0.2-0.3 mm, and reserving the fine turning inner diameter for the fine turning inner diameter by 0.3-0.4 mm;
step two, solid solution strengthening:
carrying out solid solution strengthening on the retainer after the inner diameter of the fine turning by adopting a quenching heating furnace;
step three, uniformly turning two planes:
mounting the retainer after solid solution strengthening on a lathe, and sequentially and uniformly lathing a first plane and a second plane of the retainer;
step four, finely grinding the outer diameter:
installing the holder after turning two planes uniformly on a grinding machine, finely grinding the outer diameter of the holder, controlling the dispersion of the outer diameter size to be 0- +0.02mm, controlling the ovality VDcp0.008-0.015 mm of the outer diameter, and rotating the grinding wheel: 1650r/min, rotating speed of the guide wheel: 25-35 r/min, and the allowance of the fine grinding outer diameter to the final grinding outer diameter is 0.07-0.1 mm;
step five, finish turning the inner diameter:
installing the holder after the external diameter is finely ground on a lathe, adopting an angle surface mould to wrap 85-95% of the area of the external diameter of the holder, finely turning the internal diameter of the holder, controlling the size dispersion of the internal diameter between 0 and +0.05mm, controlling the ovality of the internal diameter between Vdcp0.025 and 0.04mm, and rotating speed: 700-1000 r/min, and the allowance of the finish turning inner diameter to the final turning inner diameter is 0.15-0.2 mm;
step six, drilling a rivet hole and chamfering a rivet hole angle:
installing the single-piece retainer after finish turning of the inner diameter on a chuck (1) of a machining center through a drilling die, drilling a rivet hole on the end face of the retainer by adopting a drill bit with tolerance design of +0.03mm, compressing the machining tolerance of the rivet hole to 0 to +0.05mm, and chamfering a rivet hole angle;
step seven, pin insertion and typing:
performing bolt processing on the retainer after the rivet hole is drilled, and printing a material code and a product sequence number;
step eight, drilling and milling a pocket:
adopting a numerical control machining center, firstly drilling a hole by using a drill bit, then selecting a milling cutter with the size of 1-2 mm smaller than the size of the drilled hole for machining, and machining a cage pocket by using a circular interpolation method;
step nine, final grinding of the outer diameter:
mounting the retainer after drilling and milling the pocket hole on a grinding machine, and finally grinding the outer diameter of the retainer, wherein the size dispersion of the outer diameter is controlled to be 0 to +0.02mm, and the ovality VDcp0.006 to 0.01mm of the outer diameter;
step ten, final turning of the inner circle, chamfering turning and deburring:
mounting the retainer with the finally ground outer diameter on a lathe, machining the inner diameter of the retainer by final turning, chamfering the inner part and the outer part of two end surfaces of the retainer, and removing burrs on all surfaces of the retainer;
eleven, pin removal and finishing:
removing pins of the retainer after the inner diameter of the final lathe, and rounding an acute angle and a sharp angle;
step twelve, fluorescent penetrant inspection:
and (4) carrying out fluorescent penetrant inspection and acid washing on the retainer after the polishing treatment, and carrying out final inspection and packaging on the retainer after the acid washing, so that the machining of the retainer is completed.
2. The thin-wall separation type solid cage processing method according to claim 1, wherein: and sixthly, the minimum machining size of the rivet hole is phi 0.8 mm.
3. The thin-wall separation type solid cage processing method according to claim 1, wherein: and sixthly, the drill bit is a hard alloy drill bit.
4. The thin-wall separation type solid cage processing method according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that: and sixthly, designing the tolerance of the drill bit to be +0.03 mm.
5. The thin-wall separation type solid cage processing method according to claim 1, wherein: and the drilling die wraps 80% -90% of the outer diameter of the single-piece retainer (3).
6. The thin-wall separation type solid cage processing method according to claim 1 or 5, wherein: and the drilling die in the sixth step clamps the single-piece retainer (3) in a pneumatic clamping mode.
7. The thin-wall separation type solid cage processing method according to claim 6, wherein: the drilling die in the sixth step comprises a chuck (1) and three fan-shaped clamping jaws (2), wherein the circle center of each fan-shaped clamping jaw (2) is provided with an arc surface (2-1) along the circumferential direction, the end surface of the inner side of each fan-shaped clamping jaw (2) is provided with an arc groove (2-2) matched with the outer diameter of the single-piece retainer (3) along the axis (N-N) of the fan-shaped clamping jaw, the arc grooves (2-2) and the arc surfaces (2-1) are coaxially arranged, and the outer circumference of each fan-shaped clamping jaw (2) is radially provided with a threaded hole (2-3);
the clamping method of the drilling die is realized through the following steps of installing 3 fan-shaped clamping jaws (2) on a pneumatic chuck (1), locking and fixing the fan-shaped clamping jaws (2) by matching screws with threaded holes (2-3), then milling the fan-shaped clamping jaws (2) according to the size of the outer diameter of the retainer, wherein the fan-shaped clamping jaws (2) are larger than the size of the retainer by 0.05-0.1 mm, arc-shaped grooves (2-2) for accommodating the retainer are processed on the 3 fan-shaped clamping jaws (2), the retainer is placed in the processed arc-shaped grooves (2-2), a button on the pneumatic chuck (1) is pressed, the 3 fan-shaped clamping jaws (2) automatically fix the retainer, and the pneumatic chuck (1) enables the fan-shaped clamping jaws (2) to clamp the retainer through power generated by compressed air.
8. The thin-wall separation type solid cage processing method according to claim 7, wherein: and sixthly, the clamping depth of the fan-shaped clamping jaws (2) is not less than 4/5 of the width of the retainer (3).
9. The thin-wall separation type solid cage processing method according to claim 1 or 8, wherein: and sixthly, the retainer is a thin-wall separation type entity retainer, the thin-wall separation type entity retainer is made of aluminum-iron-manganese-bronze pipe materials, when the retainer of the aluminum-iron-manganese-bronze pipe materials is subjected to solid solution strengthening by adopting a quenching heating furnace, the temperature control precision of the furnace is +/-3 ℃, the uniformity of the furnace temperature is +/-5 ℃, the temperature of quenching liquid is 15-35 ℃, the heating temperature of solid solution quenching is 840-860 ℃, the aging is 340-360 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2-3 h, and the aluminum-iron-manganese-bronze pipe materials are air-cooled to the.
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| CN111482775B (en) * | 2020-05-09 | 2022-04-19 | 中国航发哈尔滨轴承有限公司 | Method for machining metal solid cage with special-shaped pocket holes |
| CN111906504B (en) * | 2020-08-14 | 2022-07-01 | 中国航发哈尔滨轴承有限公司 | Finish machining method for aviation high-speed bearing retainer |
| CN114850779B (en) * | 2022-06-10 | 2023-09-19 | 山东蓝鲸复合材料科技有限公司 | Repairing method of cross head bearing and cross head bearing thereof |
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