CN115283634A - Method for controlling equiaxed crystal rate of medium-high grade silicon steel - Google Patents
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- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
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- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/16—Controlling or regulating processes or operations
- B22D11/22—Controlling or regulating processes or operations for cooling cast stock or mould
- B22D11/225—Controlling or regulating processes or operations for cooling cast stock or mould for secondary cooling
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- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
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- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/10—Supplying or treating molten metal
- B22D11/11—Treating the molten metal
- B22D11/111—Treating the molten metal by using protecting powders
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
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Abstract
A method for controlling the equiaxed crystal rate of medium and high-grade silicon steel belongs to the technical field of ferrous metallurgy and overcomes the defect of low equiaxed crystal rate in the prior art. The control method comprises KR molten iron pretreatment, converter smelting, RH and continuous casting, wherein the RH tapping temperature is controlled according to the Si content of the molten steel; in the continuous casting process, the strength of the cooling water of the crystallizer is adjusted according to the Si content of molten steel: when the Si content is increased by 0.3 percent, the water quantity of the wide surface of the crystallizer is increased by 190-210 NL/min, and the water quantity of the narrow side is increased by 40-60 NL/min; the second cooling section comprises a plurality of sections, and the cooling water amount is controlled by each section; the electromagnetic stirring roller adjusts current and frequency according to the change of the Si content in the molten steel. The method effectively improves the equiaxed grain rate of the medium and high-grade silicon steel.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ferrous metallurgy, and particularly relates to a method for controlling the isometric crystal rate of medium and high grade silicon steel.
Background
The cold-rolled non-oriented silicon steel is mainly used for medium and large motors and generators with large capacity. With the rapid development of high-end electrical appliance manufacturing industry, in recent years, the demand of new energy automobiles, low-energy consumption household appliances, intelligent robots and the like on high-grade non-oriented silicon steel is increasing by taking low carbon and environmental protection as a guide. The high-performance silicon steel has higher requirements on iron loss and magnetic induction, and is very helpful for reducing the iron loss of the silicon steel by increasing the content of Si + Al; meanwhile, extremely low C content and S content are required, and the requirement on cleanliness is very high, mainly because the C content is increased, the iron loss is increased; the MnS and AlN fine precipitates are harmful to the growth of crystal grains, new magnetic domains are formed at inclusion positions and hinder the movement of magnetic domain walls, and the inclusions are harmful to recrystallization textures, so that the electromagnetic performance of silicon steel is influenced.
With the rapid development of electric automobiles and intelligent equipment, the market demand of silicon steel is also increasing, and particularly the demand of high-performance silicon steel is rapidly increased. Silicon steel is a widely-applied metal functional soft magnetic material, is mainly applied to the field of iron core manufacturing of various motors and electric appliances, and has higher and higher requirements on the electromagnetic performance of the silicon steel along with the improvement of the automation degree of various industries and the development of high-efficiency motors, and the excellent electromagnetic performance and stable quality become the trend pursued by the development of the industries.
The control level of the equiaxed crystal rate of the non-oriented silicon steel plays a key role in the stability of the quality control of the medium-grade and high-grade silicon steel, and the low equiaxed crystal rate has larger influence on the magnetic performance and the surface quality of the non-oriented silicon steel which is not subjected to the normalizing annealing treatment. The method is mainly characterized in that when the isometric crystal rate of a casting blank is low, columnar crystal growth is large, crystal grains are coarse, the strength of a silicon steel casting blank is low, and obvious directionality is generated in the deformation process of rolling, so that corrugated defects are caused. If the research results show that the equiaxial crystal rate of the casting blank can be improved, the columnar crystals are reduced, and the problem of the corrugated defects of the non-oriented silicon steel can be basically solved.
The patent CN101164720B provides a continuous casting method for increasing the equiaxial crystal rate of a continuous casting slab with medium thickness in non-oriented silicon steel, but the casting blank is small in thickness (100-150 mm), the casting blank cooling control difficulty is relatively small, the equiaxial crystal rate is improved mainly by controlling superheat degree, a crystallizer, secondary cooling strength and electromagnetic stirring, and the integral control mainly depends on electromagnetic stirring equipment, so that factors such as temperature and cooling water flow are not ideally controlled, and the equiaxial crystal rate is only increased to more than 45%.
For controlling the control level of the equiaxed grain rate of non-oriented silicon steel, most manufacturers mainly rely on methods such as low superheat degree and enhanced electromagnetic stirring, and because the silicon steel is directly transported to RH treatment after the steel is tapped from a converter, the temperature change range in the process of RH decarburization and alloying is large, the control accuracy of oxygen blowing and temperature rise is also deviated, and the temperature stability in the RH process is obviously worse than that in the LF process comprehensively. Considering the problems of temperature drop fluctuation and the like in the pouring process of the tundish, the superheat degree is stably controlled at 10-20 ℃ or even 5-15 ℃, the superheat degree is difficult to realize in the industrial large-scale production process, and part of manufacturers can realize the superheat degree by adopting a tundish electromagnetic induction heating device, but the cost is high.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to overcome the defect of low equiaxial crystal rate in the prior art, so that a method for controlling the equiaxial crystal rate of medium and high-grade silicon steel is provided.
Therefore, the invention provides the following technical scheme.
The invention provides a method for controlling the equiaxial crystal rate of medium and high grade silicon steel, which comprises KR molten iron pretreatment, converter smelting, RH and continuous casting;
controlling the RH tapping temperature according to the Si content of the molten steel;
in the continuous casting process, the strength of the cooling water of the crystallizer is adjusted according to the Si content of molten steel: when the Si content is increased by 0.3 percent, the water quantity of the wide surface of the crystallizer is increased by 190 to 210NL/min, and the water quantity of the narrow side is increased by 40 to 60NL/min;
the second cooling section comprises a plurality of sections, and the cooling water amount is controlled by each section;
the electromagnetic stirring roller adjusts current and frequency according to the change of the Si content in the molten steel.
Further, the chemical components of the medium and high grade silicon steel comprise the following components in percentage by mass: si:1.5-3.0%, al:0.3-1.0%, mn:0.2 to 0.8 percent of Fe, less than or equal to 0.020 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.0030 percent of S, less than or equal to 0.0025 percent of C, and the balance of Fe and other inevitable impurities.
Further, when the Si content is 1.5-2.0%, the RH tapping temperature is 40-50 ℃ above the liquidus temperature;
when the Si content is 2.0-2.5%, the RH tapping temperature is 35-45 ℃ above the liquidus temperature;
when the Si content is 2.5-3.0%, the RH tapping temperature is 30-40 ℃ above the liquidus temperature.
Further, at least one of the following conditions (1) to (5) is satisfied:
(1) The casting tonnage of the tundish is more than or equal to 45t, the tonnage during normal casting is more than or equal to 55t, the tonnage during continuous casting ladle exchange is more than or equal to 50t, and the immersion nozzle insertion depth of the crystallizer is 140-190mm;
(2) The section of the crystallizer is 220mm multiplied by (850-1400) mm;
(3) The taper of the narrow side of the crystallizer is 1.05-1.25%;
(4) Controlling the continuous casting speed to be 1.05-1.35m/min;
(5) The total water quantity of the wide surface of the crystallizer is 3500-4500NL/min, and the total water quantity of the narrow surface of the crystallizer is 450-700NL/min.
Furthermore, the electromagnetic stirring parameters of the electromagnetic stirring roller are 450-900A and 5-8Hz;
preferably, when the Si content is 1.5-2.0%, the current is 750-900A, and the frequency is 7-8Hz;
when the Si content is 2.0-2.5%, the current is 600-750A, and the frequency is 6-7Hz;
when the Si content is 2.5-3.0%, the current is 450-600A, and the frequency is 5-6Hz.
Further, the second cooling section is divided into eight sections from the first section to the eighth section according to the distance from the tail end of the crystallizer;
the first section is the crystallizer with the tail end of 0.6m, the water amount of the inner arc and the outer arc of 180-220NL/min and the water amount of the narrow surface of 100-150NL/min;
the second section is 0.6-1.4m away from the tail end of the crystallizer, and the water amount of the inner arc and the outer arc is 700-800NL/min;
the third section is 1.4-3.4m away from the tail end of the crystallizer, and the water amount of the inner arc and the outer arc is 550-650NL/min;
the fourth section is 3.4-5.4m away from the tail end of the crystallizer, and the water amount of the inner arc and the outer arc is 250-350NL/min;
the fifth section is 5.4-9.4m away from the tail end of the crystallizer, the inner arc water volume is 150-250NL/min, and the outer arc water volume is 250-350NL/min;
the sixth section is 9.4-13.5m away from the tail end of the crystallizer, the water amount of an inner arc is 50-100NL/min, and the water amount of an outer arc is 150-250NL/min;
the seventh section is 13.5-17.5m away from the tail end of the crystallizer, the inner arc water volume is 40-80NL/min, and the outer arc water volume is 150-250NL/min;
the eighth section is 17.5m or more away from the tail end of the crystallizer, and the water amount of the inner arc and the outer arc is 20-50NL/min;
preferably, electromagnetic stirring rollers are installed at the inlet and outlet positions of the third section.
The tail end of the crystallizer is the outlet of the crystallizer. The inner and outer arc water volumes refer to the respective water volumes of the inner and outer arcs of the wide surface of the continuous casting slab.
Furthermore, in the continuous casting process, a ladle cover is added to the ladle, the tundish adopts a double-layer heat-preservation structure of an ultra-low carbon steel covering agent and ultra-low carbon carbonized rice hulls, and the crystallizer adopts ultra-low carbon steel covering slag.
Further, the thickness of the ultra-low carbon steel covering agent is 15-25mm;
preferably, the ultra-low carbon steel covering agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: siO 2 2 ：47-55％、CaO：40-45％、Al 2 O 3 ：1-5％、T.C≤0.2％、H 2 O is less than or equal to 0.5 percent, the alkalinity is 0.75 to 0.95, and the rest is inevitable impurity components; in the ultra-low carbon steel covering agent, the mass ratio of the particle size of 0.05-0.20mm is more than or equal to 85%.
Further, the thickness of the ultra-low carbon carbonized rice hull is 20-30mm;
the ultra-low carbon carbonized rice hull comprises the following components in percentage by mass: siO 2 2 ：85-95％、CaO：3-10％、Al 2 O 3 Less than or equal to 2%, T.C (total carbon) less than or equal to 0.3%, H 2 O is less than or equal to 0.5 percent, and the rest is inevitable impurity components; in the ultra-low carbon carbonized rice hull, the mass ratio of the granularity of 0.02-0.10mm is more than or equal to 90 percent.
Further, the thickness of the slag layer of the ultra-low carbon steel protective slag liquid is 8-15mm, and the total inspection layer is 50-70mm;
the ultra-low carbon steel covering slag comprises the following main components in percentage by mass: siO 2 2 ：35-40％、CaO：25-30％、Na 2 O：8-13％、CaF 2 ：6-10％、Al 2 O 3 ：2-6％、T.C：1.0-2.0％、H 2 O is less than or equal to 0.5 percent, and the granularity is as follows: the ratio of 0.1-0.55mm is more than or equal to 90 percent.
According to the invention, only the tapping temperature is controlled, the continuous casting ladle capping heat preservation, the tundish double-layer covering agent heat preservation and the crystallizer are combined to reasonably control the cooling strength of each section according to the RH tapping temperature under the condition of refining the Si content of the molten steel, the temperature is accurately controlled, the cooling strength is reasonably controlled according to the temperature of the molten steel, and the casting blank quality is improved.
Because the silicon content in the medium-high grade silicon steel is high, the heat conducting property of the matrix is poor, if the cooling water is lower in the pouring process, the thickness of the casting blank shell is small when the casting blank is taken out of the crystallizer, and bulging deformation can occur on the narrow side of the casting blank under the action forces of hydrostatic pressure, temperature return, wide-face roll gap contraction and the like, so that the quality of the casting blank is influenced; if the cooling water is higher, the blank shell is possibly too thick, the isometric crystal rate is not obviously improved under the action of secondary cooling electromagnetic stirring, and the problems of cracks and the like possibly occur in the straightening process due to too low cooling temperature of the surface and the corner of the casting blank.
The electromagnetic stirring can obviously improve the isometric crystal rate of the casting blank, but the thickness of the blank shell determines the final isometric crystal rate before the casting blank enters the electromagnetic stirring position, because the electromagnetic stirring mainly breaks the columnar crystal at the solidification end to increase the isometric crystal rate, and the solidified and stable columnar crystal cannot be broken. Therefore, the control of the high equiaxed crystal rate content of the casting blank can be realized only by comprehensively controlling the strength of cooling water in each section of the crystallizer and the secondary cooling section according to the component refinement of the molten steel under the condition of stable and lower superheat degree of the molten steel and under the action of reasonable pulling speed conditions, electromagnetic stirring parameters and the like.
The principle of the control method of the equiaxial crystal rate of the high-grade silicon steel is as follows:
according to the component characteristics of the medium and high grade non-oriented silicon steel, the equiaxial crystal rate control method of the medium and high grade silicon steel provided by the invention has the advantages that the contents of Si and Al elements are very high, the content of C is extremely low, and the liquidus temperature of steel is influenced most by the Si element. In the continuous casting process, when the drawing speed and the section are fixed, the superheat degree of the molten steel is stabilized, the fluctuation of the superheat degree is reduced, the cooling strength of a crystallizer and a secondary cooling section is accurately controlled under a certain superheat degree, and the high-level control of the isometric crystal rate of a non-oriented silicon steel casting blank can be realized by combining the action of electromagnetic stirring. Firstly, RH tapping temperature is controlled according to the content of Si element in steel, for ultra-low carbon non-oriented silicon steel, liquidus temperature is closely related to Si element, and the higher the content of Si is, the lower the liquidus temperature is. Therefore, according to the change of the content of the Si element, the RH tapping temperature is controlled in a reasonable range, which is very beneficial to controlling the superheat degree of the molten steel in the continuous casting process in a lower and proper range, but the RH tapping temperature must be matched with the continuous casting pulling speed rhythm, and if the superheat degree is controlled to be low and the pulling speed is low, the molten steel is easy to solidify and can not be poured. Therefore, when the molten steel is transported to the continuous casting process for pouring, a ladle is adopted for covering, the weight of the molten steel in the tundish in each stage of the pouring process is strictly controlled, the temperature drop of the molten steel is controlled in a stable interval by combining the control of the components and the thickness of a tundish covering agent, and the stable control of the superheat degree in the molten steel pouring process is further realized.
According to the change of the Si content of the steel grade, the water quantity of the crystallizer is reasonably adjusted, and the heat conductivity is gradually reduced due to the increase of the Si content. Because the water quantity of the crystallizer is increased along with the increase of the Si content, the thickness of the blank shell is controlled to be proper, the proper crystallizer covering slag is selected, and the proper crystallizer taper is set, so that the cooling speed and the cooling effect of the casting blank in the crystallizer are ensured, when the casting blank is discharged from the crystallizer, the thickness of the blank shell and the temperature of the casting blank reach the preset target, namely, the strength of the blank shell is enough to support the casting blank not to deform, the quality of the casting blank is ensured, the thickness of the blank shell is not too thick, the improvement of the axial crystal rate is not favorable if the thickness of the blank shell is too thick, and meanwhile, transverse cracks or corner cracks and the like are easy to occur in the subsequent straightening process. According to production practice analysis, under the condition of stable technological parameters, the isometric crystal rate is obviously increased along with the increase of the Si content, so that the electromagnetic stirring power can be properly reduced corresponding to the increase of the Si content, the control level of the isometric crystal rate can be ensured, and the harmful influence caused by over-strong stirring can be avoided.
And finally, combining with the accurate control of the cooling water quantity of each section of the casting blank outlet crystallizer, namely properly reducing and reducing the cooling water quantity of the 1 st section to ensure that the temperature return of the liquid molten steel in the casting blank is in a reasonable range, reducing the thickness of the blank shell under the temperature return effect of the blank shell, then increasing the cooling water quantity of the 2 nd section to avoid the deformation of the blank shell caused by the further reduction of the temperature return, and mainly ensuring that the thinned blank shell is further cooled, the strength is improved, the deformation is avoided and the blank shell enters the 3 rd section to break the solidification front of columnar crystals under the electromagnetic stirring effect to improve the isometric crystal rate. The cooling water quantity of the 3 rd section is reduced in a proper amount, but the proper cooling strength is still kept, the growth stop of columnar crystals of the casting blank is ensured, the isometric crystal rate is improved and stabilized, the cooling water strength of the inner arc of each section is gradually reduced at the 4 th section, the cooling water quantity of the inner arc and the outer arc of each section is further differentially and accurately controlled at the 5-7 th section, and the cooling water of the outer arc quickly drops due to the gradual horizontal area of the casting blank, so that the integral uniform cooling of the casting blank is not facilitated, the cooling strength of the outer arc of the section is increased, the integral uniform cooling of the casting blank is ensured, and the quality is stable.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages:
the invention provides a method for controlling the isometric crystal rate of medium and high grade silicon steel, which comprises the following steps that (1) the correlation between the liquidus temperature of the silicon steel except Fe and the Si content is the largest, the silicon content is different, and the heat conductivity is different, so that the temperature reduction in the transfer process is different; the invention combines the RH tapping temperature control and the heat preservation measure during continuous casting, so that the superheat degree in the production is easier to control. (2) Under the condition that the temperature of the tundish molten steel is stable, the proper thickness of the casting blank shell is ensured according to the cooling strength of the crystallizer and the secondary cooling section under the Si content refining condition, and meanwhile, the defects of cracks and the like cannot occur. (3) After the superheat degree of the molten steel in the tundish, the crystallizer and the cooling water in the secondary cooling section are optimized, the control level of the equiaxial crystal rate of the casting blank is further improved by matching with proper electromagnetic stirring strength.
The invention provides a systematic and fine control method according to the composition characteristics of medium and high-grade silicon steel molten steel, the equiaxed crystal rate of the continuous casting billet obtained by the process method is more than or equal to 65%, and the problems of low equiaxed crystal rate, large equiaxed crystal rate fluctuation and poor stability of the silicon steel continuous casting billet are solved.
According to the invention, the superheat degree of molten steel is stabilized, the low superheat degree is not pursued at one step, the control stability of large-scale production is facilitated, on the basis, the accurate control of cooling water of each section of the crystallizer and the second cooling section is combined, and the proper electromagnetic stirring parameters are matched, so that the control level of the isometric crystal rate of the medium-high grade silicon steel is greatly improved, the quality of a casting blank is improved, and the corrugated defect of a product is eliminated.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments or the prior art descriptions will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a medium-high grade silicon steel continuous casting slab prepared in comparative example 1;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a medium-high grade silicon steel continuous casting billet in example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the distribution of each section of the two cold stages.
Reference numerals:
1-a first section; 2-a second section; 3-a third section; 4-a fourth segment; 5-a fifth section; 6-a sixth section; 7-a seventh section; 8-eighth section.
Detailed Description
The following examples are provided to further understand the present invention, not to limit the scope of the present invention, but to provide the best mode, not to limit the content and the protection scope of the present invention, and any product similar or similar to the present invention, which is obtained by combining the present invention with other prior art features, falls within the protection scope of the present invention.
The examples do not show the specific experimental steps or conditions, and can be performed according to the conventional experimental steps described in the literature in the field. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by manufacturers, and are all conventional reagent products which can be obtained commercially.
The process route of KR → BOF → RH → CC is adopted to produce the high and medium grade silicon steel, and the weight of the molten steel is 180t.
(1) And after KR deep desulfurization treatment, the molten iron and scrap steel are added into a converter for blowing, after the converter treatment is finished, the molten iron is transported to RH for treatment, and the molten steel components and the temperature obtained after the RH treatment are shown in the table.
TABLE 1 RH-treated end of molten steel chemical composition and tapping temperature
| Content of% | Si | Al | Mn | P | S | C | T,℃ |
| Example 1 | 1.5 | 0.30 | 0.20 | 0.020 | 0.0030 | 0.0025 | 1570 |
| Example 2 | 2.0 | 0.55 | 0.55 | 0.018 | 0.0012 | 0.0013 | 1560 |
| Example 3 | 2.5 | 1.00 | 0.80 | 0.013 | 0.0015 | 0.0018 | 1552 |
| Example 4 | 3.0 | 0.85 | 0.60 | 0.015 | 0.0018 | 0.0015 | 1540 |
(2) Molten steel is conveyed to continuous casting for pouring, a ladle cover is added to a large ladle in the continuous casting process, an ultra-low carbon steel covering agent and ultra-low carbon carbonized rice hull double-layer heat preservation structure is adopted in a tundish, and ultra-low carbon steel covering slag is adopted in a crystallizer.
TABLE 2 composition of ultra-low carbon steel covering agent for tundish
TABLE 3 ultra-low carbon carbonized Rice husk ingredients
TABLE 4 crystallizer mold flux composition
(3) And starting pouring when the tonnage of the tundish molten steel is more than or equal to 45t in the first furnace, protecting pouring in the pouring process, and keeping the continuous pouring furnace stable according to the requirements in the table.
TABLE 5 continuous casting Process parameter settings
(4) The second cooling section is shown in fig. 3 and comprises a first section 1, a second section 2, a third section 3, a fourth section 4, a fifth section 5, a sixth section 6, a seventh section 7 and an eighth section 8. The narrow surface of the first section of the crystallizer of the continuous casting machine provided by the invention is provided with cooling water, and the narrow surface of the second section is free of cooling water. The electromagnetic stirring roller is arranged at the position of 1.4-3.4m of the crystallizer, the electromagnetic stirring parameter is 450-900A and 5-8Hz, and the electromagnetic stirring parameter is adjusted along with the change of the Si content of the pouring molten steel. The crystallizer, the cooling water amount of the second cooling section and the electromagnetic stirring parameters in the pouring process are respectively shown in the following table.
TABLE 6 crystallizer Water yield and electromagnetic stirring parameter settings
TABLE 7 Cooling water quantity setting of two cooling sections
TABLE 8 equiaxed crystal ratios
| Parameter(s) | Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Example 4 |
| Isometric crystal rate% | 65 | 68 | 75 | 83 |
Comparative example 1
The process flow of the silicon steel of the comparative example comprises the following steps:
KR molten iron pretreatment, converter smelting, RH and continuous casting, wherein the weight of the molten steel is 180t.
The chemical components of the medium and high grade silicon steel comprise the following components in percentage by mass: si:1.5-3.0%, al:0.3-1.0%, mn:0.2 to 0.8 percent of Fe, less than or equal to 0.020 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.0030 percent of S, less than or equal to 0.0025 percent of C, and the balance of Fe and other inevitable impurities.
KR molten iron pretreatment and converter smelting are basically consistent with the method, the tapping temperature in the RH smelting process is 60-80 ℃ higher than the liquidus temperature, a large ladle is not covered in the continuous casting process, a single-layer ultra-low carbon covering agent is adopted in a tundish, the thickness of the covering agent is 20-35mm, ultra-low carbon steel covering slag is adopted in a crystallizer, the thickness of a liquid slag layer is 12-23mm, and the thickness of a total slag layer is 65-85mm.
The casting tonnage of the tundish is more than or equal to 40t, the tonnage of the tundish during normal casting is more than or equal to 45t, the tonnage of the tundish during continuous casting is more than or equal to 45t, and the immersion nozzle insertion depth of the crystallizer is 120-150mm. The section of the crystallizer is 220mm multiplied by (850-1400) mm, the taper of the narrow side is 1.03-1.10%, and the continuous casting drawing speed is controlled to be 0.85-1.0m/min.
The electromagnetic stirring rollers are installed at the same position, the current is 800-900A, and the frequency is 7-8Hz.
The total water quantity of the wide surface of the crystallizer ranges from 4300 NL/min to 4400NL/min, and the total water quantity of the narrow surface of the crystallizer ranges from 500NL/min to 600NL/min.
The water quantity of the inner arc and the outer arc of the first section of the crystallizer is 120-150NL/min, and the water quantity of the narrow surface is 80-120NL/min; the water quantity of the inner arc and the outer arc of the second section is 500-600NL/min; the water amount of the inner arc and the outer arc of the third section is 350-450NL/min; the water quantity of the inner arc and the outer arc of the fourth section is 200-300NL/min; the inner arc water quantity of the fifth section is 130-180NL/min, and the outer arc water quantity is 200-250NL/min; the inner arc water amount of the sixth section is 30-70NL/min, and the outer arc water amount is 100-150NL/min; the inner arc water amount of the seventh section is 30-50NL/min, and the outer arc water amount is 100-150NL/min; the water quantity of the inner arc and the outer arc of the eighth section is 20-40NL/min.
The superheat degree of a comparative example is integrally higher and fluctuates greatly, the superheat degree is between 15 and 45 ℃, the pulling speed is controlled to be lower and the integral cooling of a crystallizer is stronger in order to ensure the quality of a casting blank, but the integral cooling of a secondary cooling section is weaker in order to prevent the casting blank from being cracked during straightening, and the components are not finely divided. The high-superheat, low-drawing-speed, forced cooling and weak cooling process ensures the blank shape of a casting blank, but the equiaxial crystal rate fluctuation is very large, the thickness of a shell is formed immediately after the crystallizer is subjected to forced cooling, the electromagnetic stirring effect is difficult to play after the casting blank is taken out of the crystallizer, and the equiaxial crystal rate is not obviously improved.
Specifically, the steel components in the comparative example are the same as those in example 2, the tapping temperature in the RH smelting process is 70 ℃ higher than the liquidus temperature, the thickness of the tundish single-layer ultra-low carbon covering agent is 30mm, the crystallizer adopts ultra-low carbon steel covering slag, the thickness of a liquid slag layer is 20mm, and the thickness of a total slag layer is 70mm. The section of the crystallizer is 220mm multiplied by 1150mm, the taper of the narrow side is 1.10 percent, and the continuous casting drawing speed is controlled to be 0.9m/min.
The electromagnetic stirring roller current is 850A, and the frequency is 8Hz. The total water quantity of the wide surface of the crystallizer is 4400NL/min, and the total water quantity of the narrow surface of the crystallizer is 530NL/min.
The water flow of the inner arc and the outer arc of the first section is 120NL/min, and the water flow of the narrow surface is 80NL/min; the water quantity of the inner arc and the outer arc of the second section is 500NL/min; the water flow of the inner arc and the outer arc of the third section is 350NL/min; the water quantity of the inner arc and the outer arc of the fourth section is 200NL/min; the inner arc water quantity of the fifth section is 130NL/min, and the outer arc water quantity of the fifth section is 200NL/min; the inner arc water quantity of the sixth section is 30NL/min, and the outer arc water quantity is 100NL/min; the inner arc water quantity of the seventh section is 30NL/min, and the outer arc water quantity is 100NL/min; the water quantity of the inner arc and the outer arc of the eighth section is 20NL/min.
FIG. 1 is a cross section of a steel prepared in comparative example 1, and FIG. 2 is a cross section of a steel obtained in example 2, and it can be seen from FIGS. 1 and 2 that the alleged brand silicon steel obtained by the method of the present invention has a significantly improved equiaxial crystal ratio.
It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications of the invention may be made without departing from the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for controlling the equiaxed crystal rate of medium-high grade silicon steel comprises KR molten iron pretreatment, converter smelting, RH and continuous casting, and is characterized in that,
controlling the RH tapping temperature according to the Si content of the molten steel;
in the continuous casting process, the strength of the cooling water of the crystallizer is adjusted according to the Si content of molten steel: when the Si content is increased by 0.3 percent, the water quantity of the wide surface of the crystallizer is increased by 190-210 NL/min, and the water quantity of the narrow side is increased by 40-60 NL/min;
the second cooling section comprises a plurality of sections, and the cooling water amount is controlled by each section;
the electromagnetic stirring roller adjusts current and frequency according to the change of the Si content in the molten steel.
2. The method for controlling the equiaxed grain rate of the medium-high-grade silicon steel according to claim 1, wherein the chemical components of the medium-high-grade silicon steel comprise the following components in percentage by mass: si:1.5-3.0%, al:0.3-1.0%, mn:0.2 to 0.8 percent of Fe, less than or equal to 0.020 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.0030 percent of S, less than or equal to 0.0025 percent of C, and the balance of Fe and other inevitable impurities.
3. The method for controlling the equiaxed grain rate of medium and high-grade silicon steel according to claim 1 or 2, wherein when the content of Si is 1.5-2.0%, the RH tapping temperature is 40-50 ℃ above the liquidus temperature;
when the Si content is 2.0-2.5%, the RH tapping temperature is 35-45 ℃ above the liquidus temperature;
when the Si content is 2.5-3.0%, the RH tapping temperature is 30-40 ℃ above the liquidus temperature.
4. The method for controlling the equiaxed grain rate of medium-high grade silicon steel according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that at least one of the following conditions (1) to (5) is satisfied:
(1) The casting tonnage of the tundish is more than or equal to 45t, the tonnage during normal casting is more than or equal to 55t, the tonnage during continuous casting ladle exchange is more than or equal to 50t, and the immersion nozzle insertion depth of the crystallizer is 140-190mm;
(2) The section of the crystallizer is 220mm multiplied by (850-1400) mm;
(3) The taper of the narrow side of the crystallizer is 1.05-1.25%;
(4) The continuous casting speed is controlled to be 1.05-1.35m/min;
(5) The total water amount of the wide surface of the crystallizer is 3500-4500NL/min, and the total water amount of the narrow surface is 450-700NL/min.
5. The method for controlling the isometric crystal rate of medium-high grade silicon steel according to claim 4, wherein the electromagnetic stirring parameters of the electromagnetic stirring roller are 450-900A and 5-8Hz;
preferably, when the Si content is 1.5-2.0%, the current is 750-900A, and the frequency is 7-8Hz;
when the Si content is 2.0-2.5%, the current is 600-750A, and the frequency is 6-7Hz;
when the Si content is 2.5-3.0%, the current is 450-600A, and the frequency is 5-6Hz.
6. The method for controlling the isometric crystal rate of medium-high grade silicon steel according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the two cold sections are divided into eight sections from the first section to the eighth section according to the distance from the tail end of the crystallizer;
the first section is from the tail end of the crystallizer to 0.6m, the water amount of the inner arc and the outer arc is 180-220NL/min, and the water amount of the narrow surface is 100-150NL/min;
the second section is 0.6-1.4m away from the tail end of the crystallizer, and the water amount of the inner arc and the outer arc is 700-800NL/min;
the third section is 1.4-3.4m away from the tail end of the crystallizer, and the water amount of the inner arc and the outer arc is 550-650NL/min;
the fourth section is 3.4-5.4m away from the tail end of the crystallizer, and the water amount of the inner arc and the outer arc is 250-350NL/min;
the fifth section is 5.4-9.4m away from the tail end of the crystallizer, the inner arc water volume is 150-250NL/min, and the outer arc water volume is 250-350NL/min;
the sixth section is 9.4-13.5m away from the tail end of the crystallizer, the inner arc water volume is 50-100NL/min, and the outer arc water volume is 150-250NL/min;
the seventh section is 13.5-17.5m away from the tail end of the crystallizer, the inner arc water volume is 40-80NL/min, and the outer arc water volume is 150-250NL/min;
the eighth section is 17.5m or more away from the tail end of the crystallizer, and the water amount of the inner arc and the outer arc is 20-50NL/min;
preferably, electromagnetic stirring rollers are installed at the inlet and outlet positions of the third section.
7. The method for controlling the isometric crystal rate of medium and high grade silicon steel according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that in the continuous casting process, a ladle cover is added to a ladle, an ultra-low carbon steel covering agent and ultra-low carbon carbonized rice hull double-layer heat preservation structure is adopted to a tundish, and ultra-low carbon steel covering slag is adopted to a crystallizer.
8. The method for controlling the isometric crystal rate of medium and high grade silicon steel according to claim 7, wherein the thickness of the ultra-low carbon steel covering agent is 15-25mm;
preferably, the ultra-low carbon steel covering agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: siO 2 2 ：47-55％、CaO：40-45％、Al 2 O 3 ：1-5％、T.C≤0.2％、H 2 O is less than or equal to 0.5 percent, the alkalinity is 0.75 to 0.95, and the rest is inevitable impurity components; in the ultra-low carbon steel covering agent, the mass ratio of the particle size of 0.05-0.20mm is more than or equal to 85 percent.
9. The method for controlling the isometric crystal rate of medium and high grade silicon steel according to claim 7, wherein the thickness of the ultra-low carbon carbonized rice hulls is 20-30mm;
the ultra-low carbon carbonized rice hull comprises the following components in percentage by mass: siO 2 2 ：85-95％、CaO：3-10％、Al 2 O 3 ≤2％、T.C≤0.3％、H 2 O is less than or equal to 0.5 percent, and the rest is inevitable impurity components; in the ultra-low carbon carbonized rice hull, the mass ratio of the granularity of 0.02-0.10mm is more than or equal to 90 percent.
10. The method for controlling the isometric crystal rate of medium and high grade silicon steel according to claim 7, wherein the thickness of the slag layer of the ultra-low carbon steel casting slag liquid is 8-15mm, and the thickness of the total inspection layer is 50-70mm;
the ultra-low carbon steel covering slag comprises the following main components in percentage by mass: siO 2 2 ：35-40％、CaO：25-30％、Na 2 O：8-13％、CaF 2 ：6-10％、Al 2 O 3 ：2-6％、T.C：1.0-2.0％、H 2 O is less than or equal to 0.5 percent, and the granularity is as follows: the ratio of 0.1-0.55mm is more than or equal to 90%.
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