CN115274170A - High-thermal-efficiency Brayton and Rankine combined cycle power generation nuclear reactor system - Google Patents
High-thermal-efficiency Brayton and Rankine combined cycle power generation nuclear reactor system Download PDFInfo
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- CN115274170A CN115274170A CN202210916774.3A CN202210916774A CN115274170A CN 115274170 A CN115274170 A CN 115274170A CN 202210916774 A CN202210916774 A CN 202210916774A CN 115274170 A CN115274170 A CN 115274170A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21D—NUCLEAR POWER PLANT
- G21D5/00—Arrangements of reactor and engine in which reactor-produced heat is converted into mechanical energy
- G21D5/04—Reactor and engine not structurally combined
- G21D5/08—Reactor and engine not structurally combined with engine working medium heated in a heat exchanger by the reactor coolant
- G21D5/12—Liquid working medium vaporised by reactor coolant
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K11/00—Plants characterised by the engines being structurally combined with boilers or condensers
- F01K11/02—Plants characterised by the engines being structurally combined with boilers or condensers the engines being turbines
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
- F01K23/02—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
- F01K25/08—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
- F01K25/10—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours the vapours being cold, e.g. ammonia, carbon dioxide, ether
- F01K25/103—Carbon dioxide
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
Abstract
The invention discloses a high-heat-efficiency Brayton and Rankine combined cycle power generation nuclear reactor system which comprises a nuclear reactor, wherein the nuclear reactor is communicated with a heat exchange device for heat exchange, the heat exchange device is communicated with a first loop and a second loop, a first working medium flows through the first loop, a second working medium flows through the second loop, the first working medium led out by the heat exchange device in the first loop is sequentially subjected to heat release by a first heat recovery device, a steam generation device, a second heat recovery device and a third heat recovery device after acting, and then is led into a gas compression device, and the first working medium at the gas outlet end of the gas compression device is led into the heat exchange device after being subjected to heat absorption by the second heat recovery device and the first heat recovery device. The invention can realize that no precooler is specially arranged in the Brayton cycle, reduce the working medium temperature at the inlet of the compressor, improve the Brayton efficiency, improve the initial parameter at the inlet of the steam turbine, further improve the Rankine cycle efficiency and further realize the improvement of the total heat efficiency of the system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of nuclear reactor engineering, in particular to a high-heat-efficiency Brayton and Rankine combined cycle power generation nuclear reactor system.
Background
The combined cycle is a two-loop or three-loop cycle scheme, the cascade utilization of a high-temperature heat source of the high-initial-parameter reactor can be realized, the Brayton cycle can fully utilize the quality of the energy of the reactor, the Rankine cycle can utilize the energy of the reactor, and the Brayton turbine and the steam turbine can simultaneously drive the generator to output power outwards. The combined cycle has great advantages for high initial parameter reactors and can ensure higher cycle efficiency.
The existing Brayton and Rankine combined cycle design is divided into two types of precooling and precooling-free, the inlet temperature of a compressor is lower in the design with precooling, the power consumption of the compressor is lower, the Brayton cycle efficiency is high, and the defect is that a precooler directly takes the heat energy of the Brayton cycle out of a circulating system, so that the Rankine cycle efficiency is reduced; the result in the non-precooling design is opposite, namely the inlet temperature of the compressor is higher, the power consumption of the compressor is higher, the Brayton cycle efficiency is low, the heat energy of the Brayton cycle cannot be directly taken out of the circulating system, and the Rankine cycle efficiency is high.
In the existing combined cycle design, a waste heat boiler is generally designed between a high-pressure cylinder and a low-pressure cylinder of a steam turbine for reheating, but the most important purpose of the reheating mode is to improve the inlet dryness of the low-pressure cylinder, and the cycle thermal efficiency can not be necessarily improved. Therefore, the problem to be solved by the technical personnel in the field is how to reduce the inlet temperature of the compressor to the maximum extent and improve the inlet initial parameter of the Rankine cycle steam turbine without providing a precooler, thereby improving the overall thermal efficiency of the system.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-thermal-efficiency Brayton and Rankine combined cycle power generation nuclear reactor system, which solves the problems in the prior art, can realize that a precooler is not specially arranged in a Brayton cycle, reduces the temperature of working medium at the inlet of a compressor, improves the Brayton cycle efficiency, improves the initial parameter at the inlet of a steam turbine, further improves the Rankine cycle efficiency, and further improves the total thermal efficiency of the system. In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme: the invention provides a high-heat-efficiency Brayton and Rankine combined cycle power generation nuclear reactor system, which comprises a nuclear reactor, wherein the nuclear reactor is communicated with a heat exchange device for heat exchange, the heat exchange device is communicated with a first loop and a second loop, a first working medium flows through the first loop, a second working medium flows through the second loop, wherein,
the first working medium led out by the heat exchange device is subjected to work in the first power generation device, then is discharged by the first heat recovery device, the steam generation device, the second heat recovery device and the third heat recovery device in sequence and then is introduced into the gas compression device, the first working medium at the gas outlet end of the gas compression device is introduced into the heat exchange device after being absorbed by the second heat recovery device and the first heat recovery device, the first power generation device is arranged on the first loop, and the first working medium enters the first heat recovery device through the first power generation device;
and the second working medium led out by the heat exchange device is introduced into a second power generation device, the second working medium at the low-temperature steam outlet end of the second power generation device is condensed and pressurized and then is introduced into the heat exchange device after being absorbed by the third heat regeneration device, the steam extraction heat regeneration device and the steam generation device, and the second working medium at the high-temperature steam outlet end of the second power generation device is introduced into the steam extraction heat regeneration device to release heat.
Preferably, the heat exchange device is a high-temperature heat exchanger, the first heat recovery device is a first heat regenerator, the second heat recovery device is a second heat regenerator, the third heat recovery device is a third heat regenerator, the steam generation device is a steam generator, and the gas compression device is a compressor;
the high-temperature outlet and the low-temperature inlet of the nuclear reactor are respectively communicated with the high-temperature heat exchanger through pipelines, a high-temperature outlet of the high-temperature heat exchanger is communicated with a high-temperature inlet of the first heat regenerator through a pipeline, a low-temperature outlet of the first heat regenerator is communicated with a high-temperature inlet of the steam generator through a pipeline, a low-temperature outlet of the steam generator is communicated with a high-temperature inlet of the second heat regenerator through a pipeline, a low-temperature outlet of the second heat regenerator is communicated with a high-temperature inlet of the third heat regenerator through a pipeline, a low-temperature outlet of the third heat regenerator is communicated with a gas inlet end of the compressor through a pipeline, a gas outlet end of the compressor is communicated with a low-temperature inlet of the second heat regenerator through a pipeline, a high-temperature outlet of the second heat regenerator is communicated with a low-temperature inlet of the first heat regenerator through a pipeline, and a high-temperature outlet of the first heat regenerator is communicated with a low-temperature inlet of the high-temperature heat exchanger through a pipeline.
Preferably, the first power generation device comprises a Brayton turbine, the gas inlet end of the Brayton turbine is communicated with the high-temperature outlet of the high-temperature heat exchanger through a pipeline, the gas outlet end of the Brayton turbine is communicated with the high-temperature inlet of the first heat regenerator through a pipeline, and the Brayton turbine is connected with a first power generator in a transmission mode.
Preferably, the compressor, the brayton turbine and the first generator are coaxially arranged.
Preferably, the steam extraction heat recovery device is a steam extraction heat recovery combination, the second power generation device comprises a steam turbine, another high-temperature outlet of the high-temperature heat exchanger is communicated with a steam inlet end of the steam turbine through a pipeline, a low-temperature steam outlet of the steam turbine is communicated with a low-temperature inlet of the third heat regenerator through a pipeline after being condensed, a low-temperature outlet of the third heat regenerator is communicated with a liquid inlet end of the steam extraction heat recovery combination through a pipeline, and a high-temperature steam outlet end of the steam turbine is communicated with a steam inlet end of the steam extraction heat recovery combination through a pipeline.
Preferably, the steam turbine is connected with a second generator in a transmission manner, the steam turbine is provided with two steam outlets, wherein the low-temperature steam outlet of the steam turbine is communicated with a steam inlet end of a condenser through a pipeline, the liquid outlet end of the condenser is communicated with the low-temperature inlet of the third heat regenerator, and the high-temperature steam outlet of the steam turbine is communicated with the steam inlet end of the steam extraction and heat recovery combination.
Preferably, the steam extraction regenerative combination comprises at least one steam extraction heat exchanger.
Preferably, the first working medium is supercritical carbon dioxide, and the second working medium is steam.
The invention discloses the following technical effects:
1. the Brayton cycle does not specially provide a precooler, so that the inlet temperature of the gas compression device is reduced, the heat energy is prevented from being directly taken out of the cycle system, the heat efficiency of the Brayton cycle is improved, and the reduction of the Rankine cycle efficiency is avoided.
2. Compared with the traditional combined cycle waste heat boiler reheating, the inlet initial parameter reheating of the second power generation device can improve the Rankine cycle average heat absorption temperature from the source and improve the Rankine cycle efficiency.
3. The second heat recovery device and the third heat recovery device are arranged to reduce the inlet temperature of the gas compression device, and simultaneously, the outlet working medium and Rankine cycle condensed water of the gas compression device can be preliminarily heated, so that low-temperature heat energy is further recovered, and the heat efficiency of the system is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without inventive exercise.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the connection of a combined cycle power generation system;
the system comprises a nuclear reactor 1, a high-temperature heat exchanger 2, a first heat regenerator 3, a steam generator 4, a steam extraction heat regeneration combination 5, a second heat regenerator 6, a third heat regenerator 7, a compressor 8, a Brayton turbine 9, a first generator 10, a steam turbine 11, a second generator 12, a condenser 13 and a water pump 14.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
Referring to fig. 1, the invention provides a high-thermal-efficiency brayton and rankine combined cycle nuclear reactor system, which comprises a nuclear reactor 1, wherein the nuclear reactor 1 is communicated with a heat exchange device for heat exchange, the heat exchange device is communicated with a first loop and a second loop, a first working medium flows through the first loop, and a second working medium flows through the second loop, wherein the first working medium led out by the heat exchange device in the first loop passes through a first heat recovery device, a steam generation device, a second heat recovery device and a third heat recovery device in sequence after acting, the heat is released, the first working medium is led into a gas compression device, the first working medium at the gas outlet end of the gas compression device passes through the second heat recovery device and the first heat recovery device to absorb heat, the first loop is provided with a first power generation device, and the first working medium enters the first heat recovery device through the first power generation device; and in the second loop, a second working medium led out by the heat exchange device is introduced into a second power generation device, the second working medium at the low-temperature steam outlet end of the second power generation device is condensed and pressurized, then is introduced into the heat exchange device after being absorbed by a third heat regenerative device, a steam extraction heat regenerative device and a steam generation device, and the second working medium at the high-temperature steam outlet end of the second power generation device is introduced into the steam extraction heat regenerative device to release heat.
The first loop and the second loop are matched, heat generated by the nuclear reactor 1 is utilized to do work, after the nuclear reactor 1 exchanges heat with the heat exchange device, the temperature of the heat exchange device is increased, and the heat exchange device is used for heating a first working medium and a second working medium.
In the first loop, after a first working medium is subjected to acting power generation by a first power generation device, generated exhaust gas enters a first heat recovery device to release heat for the first time, the first working medium after heat release is fed into a steam generation device to release heat for the second time, then the first working medium enters a second heat recovery device to release heat for the third time, and finally the third heat recovery device to release heat for the fourth time. In the process, the boosted first working medium exchanges heat with the first working medium before boosting in the second heat regenerative device and the first heat regenerative device, so that the temperature of gas entering the gas compression device is reduced on one hand, the power consumption of the compressor is reduced, and the temperature of gas entering the heat exchange device is increased on the other hand, so that the heat exchange device can rapidly output the high-temperature first working medium and further recover low-temperature heat energy, and the heat efficiency of the system is improved.
In the second loop, a second working medium enters a second power generation device to do work for power generation, and the second working medium is divided into two paths: after completely acting, a part of the second working medium enters the condenser 13 to be condensed into liquid, the liquid is pressurized by the water pump 14 and then enters the third heat recovery device to be heated for the first time, then enters the steam extraction heat recovery device to be heated for the second time, the other part of the second working medium is pumped into the steam extraction heat recovery combination after incompletely acting, the first working medium exchanges heat in the steam extraction heat recovery combination, after the heat exchange is finished, the heated liquid is guided into the steam generating device by the steam extraction heat recovery device, and the liquid is absorbed and converted into steam in the steam generating device and finally introduced into the heat exchange device. In the process, part of steam of the second power generation device is introduced into the steam extraction heat regeneration device, the part of steam heats the liquid after primary heating, meanwhile, the part of steam is condensed into liquid after heat release, and the condensed liquid and the liquid after secondary heating are mixed and then enter the steam generation device for vaporization.
The first working medium is a Brayton cycle working medium, and the second working medium is a Rankine cycle working medium.
The nuclear reactor 1 is one of a molten salt reactor, a lead bismuth reactor or a lead-cooled fast reactor, or other reactors capable of providing a large amount of heat.
Further, a pipeline is communicated between the nuclear reactor 1 and the heat exchange device, a coolant is disposed in the pipeline, optionally, the coolant is preferably, but not limited to, one of lead bismuth, lead or molten salt, the coolant absorbs heat in the nuclear reactor 1, the coolant is conveyed into the heat exchange device to release heat, and heat produced by the nuclear reactor 1 is guided into the heat exchange device through the circulating motion of the coolant.
According to the further optimized scheme, the heat exchange device is a high-temperature heat exchanger 2, the first heat recovery device is a first heat regenerator 3, the second heat recovery device is a second heat regenerator 6, the third heat recovery device is a third heat regenerator 7, the steam generation device is a steam generator 4, and the gas compression device is a compressor 8; the high-temperature outlet and the low-temperature inlet of a nuclear reactor 1 are communicated with a high-temperature heat exchanger 2 through pipelines respectively, the high-temperature outlet of the high-temperature heat exchanger 2 is communicated with the high-temperature inlet of a first heat regenerator 3 through a pipeline, the low-temperature outlet of the first heat regenerator 3 is communicated with the high-temperature inlet of a steam generator 4 through a pipeline, the low-temperature outlet of the steam generator 4 is communicated with the high-temperature inlet of a second heat regenerator 6 through a pipeline, the low-temperature outlet of the second heat regenerator 6 is communicated with the high-temperature inlet of a third heat regenerator 7 through a pipeline, the low-temperature outlet of the third heat regenerator 7 is communicated with the air inlet of a compressor 8 through a pipeline, the air outlet end of the compressor 8 is communicated with the low-temperature inlet of the second heat regenerator 6 through a pipeline, the high-temperature outlet of the second heat regenerator 6 is communicated with the low-temperature inlet of the first heat regenerator 3 through a pipeline, and the high-temperature outlet of the first heat exchanger 3 is communicated with the low-temperature inlet of the high-temperature heat exchanger 2 through a pipeline.
The second working medium after the secondary heating enters the steam generator 4, because the first working medium releases heat in the steam generator 4 for the second time, the part of released heat is used for heating the second working medium, and the second working medium enters the high-temperature heat exchanger 2 after being vaporized.
The first heat regenerator 3, the second heat regenerator 6 and the third heat regenerator 7 are respectively provided with a high-temperature inlet, a low-temperature outlet, a low-temperature inlet and a high-temperature outlet, wherein the high-temperature inlet and the low-temperature outlet are communicated through a pipeline, the low-temperature inlet and the high-temperature outlet are communicated through another pipeline, a first working medium before pressurization and a first working medium after pressurization respectively flow through the two pipelines in the first heat regenerator 3 and the second heat regenerator 6, and a first working medium before pressurization and a second working medium in a liquid state respectively flow through the two pipelines in the third heat regenerator 7. Through the arrangement, heat exchange between the first working medium before pressurization and the first working medium after pressurization is realized in the first heat regenerator 3 and the second heat regenerator 6, and heat exchange between the first working medium before pressurization and the second working medium in a liquid state is realized in the third heat regenerator 7.
The first heat regenerator 3 and the second heat regenerator 6 are dividing wall type heat exchangers or printed circuit board type heat exchangers, and the third heat regenerator 7 is a dividing wall type heat exchanger.
Among them, the steam generator 4 is preferably, but not limited to, a once-through steam generator.
According to a further optimization scheme, the first power generation device comprises a Brayton turbine 9, the air inlet end of the Brayton turbine 9 is communicated with a high-temperature outlet of the high-temperature heat exchanger 2 through a pipeline, the air outlet end of the Brayton turbine 9 is communicated with a high-temperature inlet of the first heat regenerator 3 through a pipeline, and the Brayton turbine 9 is in transmission connection with a first power generator 10. The first working medium is heated by the high-temperature heat exchanger 2 and then directly introduced into the Brayton turbine 9, and after the work of the Brayton turbine 9 is done, the generated exhaust steam is introduced into the first heat regenerator 3 to release heat.
The brayton turbine 9 is again a brayton turbine which serves to convert the energy contained in the first working medium into mechanical energy via a rotating impeller. When the first working medium with energy passes through the spray pipe, the energy of the first working medium is converted into kinetic energy, and when the first working medium flows through the impeller, the first working medium impacts the blades to push the impeller to rotate, so that the turbine shaft is driven to rotate, mechanical power is output, the output mechanical power is transmitted with the first generator 10, and the first generator 10 generates power.
In a further optimized scheme, the compressor 8, the Brayton turbine 9 and the first generator 10 are coaxially arranged. The three are coaxially arranged, namely, after the first working medium is introduced into the Brayton turbine 9, the turbine shaft of the Brayton turbine 9 is driven to rotate, the turbine shaft and the rotating shaft of the compressor 8 and the rotating shaft of the first generator 10 are coaxially arranged, and the turbine shaft can drive the compressor 8 to rotate in sequence, so that the compressor 8 works normally, extra power is not needed for supplying, the turbine shaft drives the rotating shaft of the first generator 10 to rotate, and the first generator 10 is convenient to generate electricity.
According to the further optimized scheme, the steam extraction heat recovery device is a steam extraction heat recovery combination 5, the second power generation device comprises a steam turbine 11, the other high-temperature outlet of the high-temperature heat exchanger 2 is communicated with the steam inlet end of the steam turbine 11 through a pipeline, the steam turbine 11 is provided with two steam outlets for respectively leading out exhaust steam with different temperatures, wherein the low-temperature steam outlet end of the steam turbine 11 is communicated with the steam inlet end of a condenser 13 through a pipeline, the liquid outlet end of the condenser 13 is communicated with the inlet of a water pump 14, the outlet of the water pump 14 is communicated with the low-temperature inlet of a third heat recovery device 7, the low-temperature outlet of the third heat recovery device 7 is communicated with the liquid inlet end of the steam extraction heat recovery combination 5 through a pipeline, and the high-temperature steam outlet end of the steam turbine 11 is communicated with the gas inlet end of the steam extraction heat recovery combination 5 through a pipeline. After the second working medium enters the steam turbine 11, a part of steam is completely used for acting, the exhaust steam after acting is condensed into liquid, the condensed liquid is introduced into the third heat regenerator 7 for heat absorption and primary heating, and then enters the steam extraction heat recovery assembly 5 for heat absorption and secondary heating, in the process, the other part of steam primarily acts and then enters the steam extraction heat recovery assembly 5 through an air extraction loop pipeline under the action of a steam extraction device (not shown in the figure), and the part of steam carries out secondary heating on the liquid subjected to primary heating. Meanwhile, the part of steam is condensed into liquid after heat dissipation and mixed with the liquid after secondary heating, and finally the liquid is led into the steam generator 4 to be heated and vaporized.
The steam turbine 11 may be a multi-cylinder steam turbine, and a steam-water separation device is arranged between high and low pressure cylinders of the multi-cylinder steam turbine.
According to the further optimized scheme, the steam turbine 11 is in transmission connection with the second generator 12, the steam turbine 11 is provided with two steam outlets, wherein the low-temperature steam outlet of the steam turbine 11 is communicated with the steam inlet end of the condenser 13 through a pipeline, the liquid outlet end of the condenser 13 is communicated with the low-temperature inlet of the third heat regenerator 7, and the high-temperature steam outlet of the steam turbine 11 is communicated with the steam inlet end of the steam extraction heat regeneration combination 5. Two steam outlets of the second generator 12 respectively lead out exhaust steam with different temperatures, wherein a part of the exhaust steam enters the condenser 13 and is condensed into liquid under the action of the condenser 13, and the other part of the exhaust steam enters the steam extraction regenerative assembly 5.
The working medium for absorbing heat of the second working medium in the condenser 13 may be one or a combination of seawater, fresh water and air, or may be other working mediums, and preferably absorbs heat of the second working medium.
Wherein, the steam turbine 11 is arranged coaxially with the second generator 12, so as to facilitate the second generator 12 to generate electricity normally.
Further, a water pump 14 is arranged on a pipeline through which the condenser 13 is communicated with the third heat regenerator 7, and the water pump 14 introduces the condensed liquid into the third heat regenerator 7.
In a further optimized scheme, the steam extraction regenerative combination 5 comprises at least one steam extraction heat exchanger. The steam extraction heat exchanger may be provided in plurality to re-exchange heat and condense the steam extracted by the steam turbine 11.
The steam extraction heat exchanger may be a surface heat exchanger, a hybrid heat exchanger, or a combination of the two types of heat exchangers, and another water pump (not shown) is disposed in the heat exchanger combination and is used for pumping the water subjected to secondary heating and mixing into the steam generator 4.
In a further optimization scheme, the first working medium is supercritical carbon dioxide, and the second working medium is steam.
Specifically, when power generation is carried out, heat generated by a nuclear reactor 1 is guided into a high-temperature heat exchanger 2 through a medium, the high-temperature heat exchanger heats first working medium supercritical carbon dioxide and second working medium steam, in a first loop, after the first working medium works and generates power through a Brayton turbine 9, generated exhaust gas enters a first heat regenerator 3 to release heat for the first time, the first working medium after heat release is fed into a steam generator 4 to release heat for the second time, then the first working medium enters a second heat regenerator 6 to release heat for the third time, finally the first working medium enters a third heat regenerator 7 to release heat for the fourth time, the temperature of the first working medium is obviously reduced after the first working medium releases heat for the fourth time, the first working medium after heat release for the fourth time is fed into a compressor 8, after the first working medium is pressurized by the compressor 8, the first working medium enters a third heat regenerator 7 to absorb heat for the first time, then the first working medium enters the first heat regenerator 3 to absorb heat for the second time, the first working medium after the second heat absorption and the temperature rise enters the high-temperature exchanger 2 to exchange heat with the high-temperature heat exchanger 2, and then the first working medium meeting the power generation requirement is led out.
In the second loop, the second working medium enters the steam turbine 11 to do work and generate power, after the second working medium passes through the steam turbine 11, part of the second working medium does work completely, exhaust steam with lower temperature is formed and then is introduced into the condenser 13 to be condensed into liquid, after the second working medium is condensed into liquid, the second working medium is pressurized by the water pump 14 and then enters the third heat regenerator 7 to be heated for the first time, then the second working medium enters the steam extraction heat regeneration combination 5 to be heated for the second time, after the second heating is finished, the heated liquid is introduced into the steam generator 4 by the steam extraction heat regeneration combination 5, the liquid is subjected to heat absorption and conversion in the steam generator 4 into gas and finally introduced into the high-temperature heat exchanger 2, while the other part of the second working medium performs primary work, under the action of the steam extraction device, the part of the second working medium is extracted out of the steam turbine 11 after the primary work is performed, the part of the second working medium is introduced into the steam extraction heat regeneration combination 5 to perform secondary heating on the second working medium condensed into the liquid, and at the same time, the part of the second working medium is condensed into the steam generator 4 after the heat is released and condensed into the second working medium which is mixed with the second working medium condensed into liquid.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used merely for convenience in describing the present invention, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element so referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements of the technical solutions of the present invention can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the technical solutions of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention defined by the claims.
Claims (8)
1. A nuclear reactor system for high thermal efficiency brayton and rankine combined cycle power generation comprising a nuclear reactor (1) characterized by: the nuclear reactor (1) is communicated with a heat exchange device for heat exchange, the heat exchange device is communicated with a first loop and a second loop, a first working medium flows through the first loop, a second working medium flows through the second loop, wherein,
the first working medium led out by the heat exchange device is subjected to work in the first power generation device, then sequentially passes through the first heat recovery device, the steam generation device, the second heat recovery device and the third heat recovery device to release heat and then is introduced into the gas compression device, and the first working medium at the gas outlet end of the gas compression device is subjected to heat absorption in the second heat recovery device and the first heat recovery device and then is introduced into the heat exchange device;
and the second working medium led out by the heat exchange device is introduced into a second power generation device, the second working medium at the low-temperature steam outlet end of the second power generation device is condensed and pressurized and then is introduced into the heat exchange device after being absorbed by the third heat regeneration device, the steam extraction heat regeneration device and the steam generation device, and the second working medium at the high-temperature steam outlet end of the second power generation device is introduced into the steam extraction heat regeneration device to release heat.
2. A high thermal efficiency brayton and rankine combined cycle power generating nuclear reactor system in accordance with claim 1, wherein: the heat exchange device is a high-temperature heat exchanger (2), the first heat regenerator is a first heat regenerator (3), the second heat regenerator is a second heat regenerator (6), the third heat regenerator is a third heat regenerator (7), the steam generating device is a steam generator (4), and the gas compressing device is a compressor (8);
the high-temperature outlet and the low-temperature inlet of the nuclear reactor (1) are respectively communicated with the high-temperature heat exchanger (2) through pipelines, a high-temperature outlet of the high-temperature heat exchanger (2) is communicated with the high-temperature inlet of the first heat regenerator (3) through a pipeline, a low-temperature outlet of the first heat regenerator (3) is communicated with the high-temperature inlet of the steam generator (4) through a pipeline, a low-temperature outlet of the steam generator (4) is communicated with the high-temperature inlet of the second heat regenerator (6) through a pipeline, a low-temperature outlet of the second heat regenerator (6) is communicated with the high-temperature inlet of the third heat regenerator (7) through a pipeline, a low-temperature outlet of the third heat regenerator (7) is communicated with the air inlet of the compressor (8), the air outlet end of the compressor (8) is communicated with the low-temperature inlet of the second heat regenerator (6) through a pipeline, the high-temperature outlet of the second heat regenerator (6) is communicated with the low-temperature inlet of the first heat regenerator (3) through a pipeline, and the high-temperature outlet of the first heat exchanger (3) is communicated with the low-temperature inlet of the high-temperature heat exchanger (2) through a pipeline.
3. A nuclear reactor system with high thermal efficiency brayton and rankine combined cycle power generation according to claim 2, wherein: the first power generation device comprises a Brayton turbine (9), the air inlet end of the Brayton turbine (9) is communicated with a high-temperature outlet of the high-temperature heat exchanger (2) through a pipeline, the air outlet end of the Brayton turbine (9) is communicated with a high-temperature inlet of the first heat regenerator (3) through a pipeline, and the Brayton turbine (9) is in transmission connection with a first power generator (10).
4. A high thermal efficiency brayton and rankine combined cycle power generating nuclear reactor system in accordance with claim 3, wherein: the compressor (8), the Brayton turbine (9) and the first generator (10) are coaxially arranged.
5. A high thermal efficiency brayton and rankine combined cycle power generating nuclear reactor system in accordance with claim 2, wherein: the steam extraction heat recovery device is an extraction heat recovery combination (5), the second power generation device comprises a steam turbine (11), another high-temperature outlet of the high-temperature heat exchanger (2) is communicated with a steam inlet end of the steam turbine (11) through a pipeline, a low-temperature steam outlet end of the steam turbine (11) is communicated with a low-temperature inlet of the third heat recovery device (7) after being condensed through a pipeline, a low-temperature outlet of the third heat recovery device (7) is communicated with a liquid inlet end of the extraction heat recovery combination (5) through a pipeline, and a high-temperature steam outlet end of the steam turbine (11) is communicated with a steam inlet end of the extraction heat recovery combination (5) through a pipeline.
6. A nuclear reactor system with combined brayton and rankine cycle for power generation having high thermal efficiency according to claim 5, wherein: the utility model discloses a steam turbine, including steam turbine (11), steam turbine (11) are gone up the driving connection and are had second generator (12), steam turbine (11) have two steam outlets, wherein, the low temperature steam outlet of steam turbine (11) has condenser (13) steam inlet end through the pipeline intercommunication, condenser (13) go out the liquid end with third regenerator (7) low temperature import intercommunication, the high temperature steam outlet of steam turbine (11) with steam extraction backheat combination (5) steam inlet end intercommunication.
7. A nuclear reactor system with combined brayton and rankine cycle for power generation having high thermal efficiency according to claim 5, wherein: the steam extraction heat recovery combination (5) comprises at least one steam extraction heat exchanger.
8. A high thermal efficiency brayton and rankine combined cycle power generating nuclear reactor system in accordance with claim 1, wherein: the first working medium is supercritical carbon dioxide, and the second working medium is steam.
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