CN115267308B - Direct lightning strike induced overvoltage measurement and electronic equipment tolerance performance test device and method - Google Patents

Abstract

The device comprises a trigger bullet, a steel wire, a drainage rod, an optical fiber, an oscilloscope, an induction overvoltage measuring instrument, a large-gain Pearson coil, a small-gain Pearson coil and a metal shielding room; according to the invention, not only can the quantitative measurement of lightning current be carried out by using Pearson coils with different gains, but also the magnitude of the induced overvoltage generated by lightning is measured by using the induced overvoltage, so that technical support is provided for scientific lightning protection and professional lightning protection equipment design, and the qualitative test of the lightning induced overvoltage is carried out by using a test scheme with a certain distance, so that the direct hazard of the lightning induced overvoltage is intuitively felt.

Description

Direct lightning strike induced overvoltage measurement and electronic equipment tolerance performance test device and method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of overvoltage measurement, in particular to a direct lightning strike induction overvoltage measurement and electronic equipment tolerance performance test device and method in the field of meteorological disasters.

Background

The term overvoltage generally refers to a high voltage exceeding the rated voltage of the consumer. The destructiveness is mainly reflected in damage to electric equipment, burning out circuit equipment, indirectly causing life and property loss of people and the like. Therefore, it is generally important that the electric equipment is provided with an overvoltage protector to prevent overvoltage. For example, the protection acts immediately upon the occurrence of an overvoltage, shutting down the device or preventing the overvoltage from continuing to rise. The types of overvoltage are various, and the overvoltage is mainly generated in the lightning discharge process related to meteorological disasters, and is lightning-induced overvoltage exceeding rated voltage caused by direct discharge of thunderstorm cloud to high buildings, tips and electrical equipment on the ground.

Overvoltage caused by lightning discharge can be subdivided into direct lightning overvoltage, induced lightning overvoltage and surge overvoltage. The three different lightning-induced overvoltages have different characteristics: firstly, the direct lightning overvoltage is the overvoltage generated by the direct discharge of thunderstorm cloud to a building or electric equipment, and the direct lightning current passes in a pulse form in a short time, and the peak value of the direct lightning overvoltage can reach tens of kiloamperes to hundreds of kiloamperes; secondly, the induction lightning overvoltage refers to that lightning does not directly strike a target object, but when lightning strikes other target objects, the induction voltage to other surrounding adjacent objects is generated due to the indirect effect of large current generated by self-discharge. The induced lightning overvoltage can be subdivided into electrostatic induction and electromagnetic induction according to the different generation modes. When thunderstorm cloud discharge occurs near a power supply line or electrical equipment, although lightning does not directly hit the line and the equipment, under the action of a strong electric field, induced charges on a wire lose the constraint of thunderstorm cloud charges to form free charges, and the charges can rapidly surge to two ends of the wire to generate overvoltage; the electromagnetic induction is that the lightning current has extremely large peak value and steepness, a strong alternating electromagnetic field is arranged around the lightning current, and a conductor in the secondary electromagnetic field can induce extremely high electromotive force so that the conductor generates discharge among air gaps; finally, the lightning immersion wave overvoltage is an overvoltage generated by the line, the metal pipe, or the like being immersed in a building or an electrical device along the line, the metal pipe, or the like due to a lightning wave generated by the line, the metal pipe, or the like being subjected to direct lightning strike or induced lightning.

The object of the present invention is mainly to measure and test the induced overvoltage generated by lightning of the above-mentioned second type. Firstly, designing a targeted experimental scheme by utilizing a manual lightning triggering technology and a platform; and then, carrying out qualitative test and quantitative measurement on the lightning current and the related characteristic parameters of the induced overvoltage.

As is well known, conventional voltage measurement methods are generally classified into two types, direct measurement and indirect measurement: the direct measurement method refers to that the waveform or the numerical value of the measured parameter can be directly read from an instrument or a meter in the measurement process; the indirect measurement is to directly measure each indirect parameter through an intermediate variable, then substituting the measured value into a formula, and obtaining the parameter to be measured through calculation. Although the measurement of the lightning induced overvoltage can also refer to the measurement method of the conventional voltage, the occurrence probability of the lightning induced overvoltage is uncontrollable and unpredictable in size. Therefore, it is difficult to conduct measurement specifically, especially the measurement range is difficult to define, and no good measurement method exists at present. In addition, lightning is a large-current, transient, random and dangerous atmospheric long-gap discharge phenomenon, and the measurement of induced overvoltage generated by lightning faces a plurality of difficulties: for example, firstly, how to set the measuring range of the measuring equipment, the induced overvoltage generated by the lightning with too small measuring range is easy to saturate, an accurate measured value is not obtained, and the lightning induced overvoltage is often not measured when the measuring range is too large; secondly, lightning has randomness, and a random lightning discharge event is required to be tracked and measured, so that the random lightning discharge event is difficult to realize in theory; then, the lightning transient is usually calculated by sub-microsecond, the duration of one complete lightning discharge process is about one second, and how to complete the measurement of lightning induced overvoltage in such a short time has extremely high requirements on measuring equipment and technology. Thus, there is no good solution to the problem of measuring lightning induced overvoltage.

Aiming at different discharge characteristics of lightning, the invention designs a special test scheme and a special test device: firstly, depending on a mature manual lightning-leading experiment platform, during the period of thunderstorm passing, and under the condition that the electric field environment meets the emission condition, the lightning is purposefully led to a specific target object directly by emitting lightning-leading bullets to the thunderstorm cloud, so that the lightning is changed from random to controllable; secondly, through carrying out a large number of statistical analyses on current waveform samples of lightning stroke, evaluating the maximum range and the minimum range of lightning current induced overvoltage, designing special lightning induced overvoltage measuring equipment, and realizing direct measurement of lightning induced overvoltage. Because the chance of successful lightning striking is very precious, in order to utilize the lightning strike event to the maximum extent, and meanwhile, in order to compare with the quantitative measurement of lightning current and lightning induced overvoltage, other targeted tests and experimental schemes are specially designed, the damage effect of the induced overvoltage generated by direct lightning striking on the tolerance of adjacent key electronic equipment is checked, and important theoretical basis and technical support are provided for the lightning protection parameter design and improvement of the key electronic equipment in the future.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a direct lightning induced overvoltage measuring and electronic equipment tolerance performance testing device, which aims to solve the problems that in the existing direct lightning induced overvoltage generating process, a proper measuring device cannot be adopted for testing and evaluating, tolerance testing cannot be carried out on key electronic equipment in lightning influenza induced overvoltage testing equipment, and the like.

The device comprises a trigger bomb, a steel wire, a drainage rod, an optical fiber, an oscilloscope, an induced overvoltage measuring instrument, a large-gain Pearson coil, a small-gain Pearson coil and a metal shielding room. The lightning stroke induction overvoltage test of the tested induction bomb equipment, the tested electronic components and the tested load loop is realized through the test device.

The trigger spring is connected with the drainage rod through the steel wire; the large-gain Pearson coil and the small-gain Pearson coil are hollow annular, and the drainage rod passes through the centers of the large-gain Pearson coil and the small-gain Pearson coil and is grounded; and the large-gain Pearson coil and the small-gain Pearson coil respectively transmit lightning current signals to the oscilloscope and the induced overvoltage measuring instrument through the optical fibers.

The invention also provides a direct lightning strike induction overvoltage measurement and electronic equipment tolerance performance test method, which comprises the following specific test processes:

firstly, building the testing device, when a strong thunderstorm system passes the border, transmitting the trigger bullet through a remote control ignition mode, if lightning can be successfully triggered, a lightning channel is along the steel wire and hits the drainage rod, and in the process that current enters the ground along the drainage rod, measuring the lightning current through the large-gain Pearson coil and the small-gain Pearson coil to obtain lightning current data, and then transmitting the lightning current data to the oscilloscope and the induction overvoltage measuring instrument through the optical fiber; meanwhile, whether the tested electronic components (the power-on pen note A in the metal shielding box and the power-on pen note B in the plastic waterproof box) for comparison test are broken down by the instantaneous high voltage of the lightning induced overvoltage is observed. In addition, the damage degree of two notebooks which are in power-on work is compared;

secondly, observing whether the detected inductive bomb equipment (namely the inductive bomb in a waiting state, an ignition device and a laser emitter) is affected by the inductive overvoltage or not, and then automatically igniting and emitting;

then, the effect of lightning induced overvoltage on having a complete loaded loop was observed again. The discrimination method is that if the lightning induction overvoltage is large, the adjacent photoelectric converter is broken down, even if the photoelectric control box does not execute a closing instruction, the whole circuit is broken down to form a normal loop due to the effect of the lightning induction overvoltage, and as a result, the indicator lamps with three different colors are instantaneously lightened. In addition, due to the risk of lightning, artificial close range observation is not practical. Therefore, the ultra-high-speed camera is used for shooting in a long distance and recording the moment that lightning hits the drainage rod, and the whole experimental field picture changes, such as whether the induction bomb is automatically started to ignite, whether the power-on pen is broken down and smoked, whether three different color indicator lamps are lighted or not, and the like.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

the invention provides a direct lightning strike induction overvoltage measurement and key electronic equipment tolerance performance test device and method. By carrying out manual lightning-striking work at a fixed point, when the condition of a thunderstorm is proper, a lightning-striking bomb is launched to induce the thunderstorm cloud to generate discharge to the ground, and the lightning is purposely guided to a designated place (a drainage rod). Before operation is implemented, a self-triggering test scheme of the induction bomb to be sent, a computer damage test scheme and an automatic bulb lighting test scheme are laid in advance within the range of 5 meters of the fixed point. When lightning hits the drainage rod to the ground, the current of the lightning is measured by using the Pearson coils with different gains, and the test of qualitatively testing the damage degree of the induced overvoltage generated by direct lightning to surrounding to-be-shot induced bombs, the power-on pen, whether the indicator lamps with different colors are lighted or not is also indirectly completed. The auxiliary verification equipment for qualitative measurement is mainly completed by using a high-speed camera and common monitoring equipment which are 100 meters away from the metal shielding room, so that operators can check and evaluate the direct damage effect and effect of lightning induced overvoltage after the fact.

The invention has strong practicability, not only can quantitatively measure the lightning current by using Pearson coils with different gains, but also can measure the magnitude of the induced overvoltage generated by lightning by using the induced overvoltage, thereby providing technical support for scientific lightning protection and professional lightning protection equipment design, and can perform qualitative test on the lightning induced overvoltage by using a test scheme with a certain distance, and intuitively feel the direct hazard of the lightning induced overvoltage. In the implementation process, the design, construction and smooth implementation of the test platform scheme have strong challenges and difficulties, and the test result has double support of quantitative data and video data, so that the test platform scheme has strong practicability and visual effect. The measurement result can not only deepen the understanding of induced overvoltage generated by lightning, but also provide powerful data guarantee and technical support for lightning protection design and development of lightning protection electronic products in the key electronic field.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the connection relationship between the direct lightning induced overvoltage measurement and the tolerance performance test device of the electronic equipment according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram of a direct lightning induced overvoltage measurement and electronic device tolerance test device according to the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic block diagram of the current measurement of the direct lightning induced overvoltage measurement and electronic device tolerance test device according to the present invention;

fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of an induced overvoltage measurement principle of the direct lightning strike induced overvoltage measurement and electronic equipment tolerance performance test device according to the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a manual lightning initiation experimental site (shown by a white dotted line box) for direct lightning strike induced overvoltage measurement and electronic device endurance performance test and method according to the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a first trigger bullet ascending track (trigger bullet in white circle) of the direct lightning induced overvoltage measurement and electronic device endurance performance test and method according to the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a graph showing the moment of lightning striking the lightning rod when the lightning strike is successful in the direct lightning strike induced overvoltage measurement and the electronic device endurance performance test and method of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing a method for measuring the withstand voltage of a direct lightning strike induction overvoltage and the withstand performance of an electronic device according to the present invention, wherein an induction bullet is triggered by the direct lightning strike induction auto-ignition transient tail flame (an induction bullet is arranged in a white circle in the figure);

fig. 9 is a diagram showing a rising track of a triggered sensor bomb (the sensor bomb in the white circle in the figure) of the method for measuring direct lightning induced overvoltage and testing tolerance performance of electronic equipment according to the present invention.

Wherein: 1. trigger bullet, 2, steel wire, 3, drainage pole, 4, big gain Pearson coil, 5, little gain Pearson coil, 6, metal shielding room, 7, optic fibre, 8, oscilloscope, 9, response overvoltage measuring apparatu, 10, response bullet, 11, ignition control box, 12, laser emitter, 13, metal shielding box, 14, the power-on pen note A,15, plastics waterproof box, 16, the power-on pen note B,17, three kinds of colour pilot lamps, 18, photoelectric converter, 19, DC power supply, 20, photoelectric controller, 21, high-speed make a video recording, 22, observation room.

Detailed Description

In the first embodiment, referring to fig. 1, a device for measuring direct lightning strike induction overvoltage and testing tolerance performance of electronic equipment is described, and lightning strike induction overvoltage testing of a tested induction bomb device, a tested electronic component and a tested load loop is realized through the testing device; the test device comprises a trigger bullet 1; a steel wire 2; a drainage rod 3; a large gain Pearson coil 4; a small gain Pearson coil 5; a metal shielding room 6; an optical fiber 7; an oscilloscope 8 and an induced overvoltage measuring instrument 9.

The front end of the steel wire 2 is connected with the trigger spring 1, and the tail end is connected with the drainage rod 3.

The centers of the different gain Pearson coils 4 and 5 are annular hollow structures, and the drainage rod 3 passes through the centers and is connected to the ground, wherein the different gain Pearson coils 4 and 5 are insulated from the drainage rod and are not in direct contact. The different-gain Pearson coils 4 and 5 are arranged in the metal shielding room 6, and the metal shielding room 6 is respectively insulated from the drainage rod 3, the large-gain Pearson coil 4 and the small-gain Pearson coil 5 and is insulated from the ground.

Lightning currents measured by the different gain Pearson coils 4 and 5 are transmitted to the oscilloscope 8 and the induced overvoltage measuring instrument 9 through the optical fiber 7.

In this embodiment, the tested sensing bomb testing device is an independent testing device, and is 1 meter away from the metal shielding room 6; consists of an induction bomb 10, an ignition control box 11 and a laser emitter 12; the tail of the sensing bomb 10 is connected with the ignition control box 11 through a wire, and the laser transmitter 12 is connected with the ignition control box 11 through an optical fiber to form a set of complete testing equipment.

In this embodiment, the distance between the tested electronic component and the metal shielding room 6 is 5 meters; the tested electronic components comprise the metal shielding box 13, the power-on pen note A14, the plastic waterproof box 15 and the power-on pen note 16; the power-on notebook A14 is arranged in the metal shielding box 13, and the power-on notebook B16 is arranged in the plastic waterproof box 15. The power-on notebook A14 and the power-on notebook B16 are test devices for checking whether lightning induced overvoltage has damage effect on key electronic products. The plastic waterproof box 15 mainly protects the power-on pen note B16 from being wetted by rainwater, and the power-on pen note A14 and the power-on pen note B16 are powered by batteries and are in a normal power-on state during testing.

In this embodiment, the tested loaded loop is an independent test device, and is 2 meters away from the metal shielding room 6; the three-color display device consists of three color indicator lamps 17, a photoelectric converter 18, a photoelectric control box 20 and a direct current power supply 19; the three-color indicator lamp 17 is composed of three different bulbs, namely red, green and blue bulbs, and is connected with the photoelectric converter 18 through a wire, and the photoelectric control box 20 is connected with the photoelectric converter 18 through an optical fiber. The dc power supply 19 is a dc power supply, and is connected to the photoelectric converter 18 through a wire. The tested load loop is a test circuit for checking whether the lightning induction overvoltage can break down the closed loop circuit and lighting the load.

In this embodiment, the method further comprises the steps of photographing and shooting the test device by using the high-speed photographing 21 placed in the observation room 22, and keeping a distance of 100 meters from the metal shielding room 6.

The second embodiment is a direct lightning strike sensing overvoltage measurement and electronic equipment tolerance performance test method described in connection with fig. 2-9, and the method is implemented by the test device described in the first embodiment, and is mainly aimed at sensing lightning strike overvoltage caused after lightning strikes a ground fixed target object, so as to achieve the purpose of measurement, and is completed by means of manual lightning strike technology. The manual lightning guiding means that lightning is manually triggered at a certain designated point by a certain device and a certain facility under the strong thunderstorm environment, so that the lightning hits a preset fixed target object (a guiding rod herein) along a steel wire. The specific implementation process is as follows: by launching the lightning-striking bomb towards the thunderstorm cloud, the thunderstorm cloud is induced to discharge to a specific point on the ground. And setting related measuring equipment and a layout test scheme at the lightning direct-striking position to finish quantitative measurement of lightning current and test of lightning induced overvoltage.

The testing method of the embodiment can directly and indirectly measure the induced overvoltage generated when the lightning strikes the ground fixed target object, and the device is designed to realize quantitative measurement and qualitative test of the induced overvoltage generated by the lightning strikes. The quantitative measurement aims at giving out the magnitude of current generated by lightning stroke and the change parameters of magnetic field, and the qualitative measurement is to take a picture of lightning stroke points by using auxiliary equipment such as a high-speed camera, and observe whether the induced overvoltage generated in the moment of lightning stroke affects the inductive bomb equipment, key electronic components and loaded loops within 5 meters in the vicinity of the radius.

In this embodiment, in order to specifically detect the induced overvoltage of the direct lightning striking the ground during the strong thunderstorm, three schemes for measuring the induced overvoltage of the lightning are specially designed around the device.

Firstly, the influence of lightning induction overvoltage on an induction bomb loop in an adjacent waiting state is that when lightning is successfully induced, lightning hits a drainage rod instantly, and whether the induction overvoltage generated by the lightning directly affects an adjacent ignition control box or not causes the adjacent induction bomb to be launched off afterwards.

Secondly, the breakdown influence of lightning strike induction overvoltage on a load circuit in an open circuit state is measured, and the moment that lightning strikes a drainage rod is observed by utilizing long-distance high-speed shooting, so that whether a bulb in a loop is automatically lighted afterwards or not due to the influence of the induction overvoltage.

And finally, detecting whether the induced overvoltage generated by lightning strike has a damage effect on the power-on notebook or the electronic device under the condition of the existence of the metal shielding box.

The test purpose is mainly that through the layout of precision equipment, expected at the moment that lightning hits the drainage rod, not only can the magnitude of lightning induced overvoltage quantitatively be measured, but also the destructive effect of direct lightning on key electronic equipment can be qualitatively judged. The quantitative measurement mainly depends on specially designed Pearson coils with different gains and an induction overvoltage measuring instrument, the qualitative evaluation is to take a picture and take a photograph of an operation point by using a high-speed camera with a distance of 100 meters, record the moment that lightning hits a drainage rod 3, comprehensively study and judge the visual damage effect generated by direct lightning induction overvoltage by the state change of an adjacent induction bomb device, an electrified pen notebook and different color indicator lamps, and provide various test reference schemes for deep lightning induction overvoltage measurement in future and technical support and reference basis for designing a lightning protection scheme of electronic equipment.

The specific measurement process is as follows: by constructing an observation platform at a proper place, such as a fixed lightning-induced test platform, lightning-induced bomb layout, a contrast observation platform of key electronic components and a design of a loaded loop. When thunderstorm weather is on top, the trigger bomb 1 is launched through a remote ignition mode, when lightning is successfully initiated, a lightning channel is along the steel wire 2 and hits the drainage rod 3, in the process that current enters the ground along the drainage rod 3, the lightning current is measured through the Pearson coils 4 and 5 with different gains, and the acquired lightning current data is transmitted to the oscilloscope 8 and the induction overvoltage measuring instrument 9 through the optical fiber 7 for recording. Meanwhile, whether the power-on notebook A14 and the power-on notebook B16 are damaged by the breakdown of the induced overvoltage is observed, and whether two notebooks working under different environments are damaged and the damage degree are compared and evaluated;

secondly, observing whether the adjacent induction lightning shell in a waiting state is affected by induction overvoltage or not, and then automatically igniting and transmitting;

then, it was observed whether or not the photoelectric converter with a load circuit having a complete current loop 2 m away from the metal shielding room was broken down by lightning induced overvoltage, so that the lamps of three colors (red, green and blue) were instantaneously lighted. In addition, in order to observe in a short distance and obtain real image data, shooting is performed by a high-speed camera at a distance of 100 meters at the moment that lightning hits the drainage rod.

As shown in fig. 3, the lightning current measurement in this embodiment is divided into 4 parts, which are lightning striking operation, current sensor measurement, transmission of lightning current data, and recording of lightning current data, respectively. In order to ensure that effective lightning current data are obtained in the experimental process, the measuring equipment adopts Pearson coils with different gains to measure, and the result is transmitted to an observation room through an optical fiber after an electric signal is converted into an optical signal by an optical transceiver, and the optical signal is converted into an electric signal by the optical transceiver before entering the observation room, and is recorded by an oscilloscope, so that the lightning current measurement is completed.

In the lightning-induced overvoltage measurement according to the embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, lightning current is first input into the current-voltage conversion circuit, output a voltage value, and then flows through the induced voltage measurement circuit before being transmitted from the drainage rod through the optical fiber into the induced voltage measurement circuit. The sensing overvoltage measuring circuit mainly comprises an operational amplifier, a relay, a diode and a precision resistor, and finally outputs the sensing overvoltage.

Fig. 5-9 show an example of a successful manual lightning strike at 5.16.2022, wherein the lightning strike the strike bar is instantaneous and the lightning induced overvoltage triggers the adjacent bomb device to be immediately launched and lifted off, and the tail flame spark and lifting track are clearly visible.

The technical features of the above-described embodiments may be arbitrarily combined, and all possible combinations of the technical features in the above-described embodiments are not described for brevity of description, however, as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features, they should be considered as the scope of the description.

The above examples illustrate only a few embodiments of the invention, which are described in detail and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, which are all within the scope of the invention. Accordingly, the scope of protection of the present invention is to be determined by the appended claims.

Claims (3)

1. The device for measuring the direct lightning strike induced overvoltage and testing the tolerance performance of the electronic equipment is characterized in that: the device comprises a trigger bullet (1), a steel wire (2), a drainage rod (3), a large-gain Pearson coil (4), a small-gain Pearson coil (5), a metal shielding room (6), an optical fiber (7), an oscilloscope (8) and an induction overvoltage measuring instrument (9); the lightning stroke induction overvoltage test of the tested induction bomb equipment, the tested electronic components and the tested load loop is realized through the test device;

the trigger bullet (1) is connected with the drainage rod (3) through a steel wire (2);

the large-gain Pearson coil (4) and the small-gain Pearson coil (5) are hollow annular, and the drainage rod (3) passes through the centers of the large-gain Pearson coil (4) and the small-gain Pearson coil (5) and is grounded;

the large-gain Pearson coil (4) and the small-gain Pearson coil (5) are respectively transmitted to the oscilloscope (8) and the induced overvoltage measuring instrument (9) through the optical fiber (7);

the distance between the tested sensing bomb equipment and the testing device is 1 meter; the tested inductive bomb equipment comprises an inductive bomb (10), an ignition control box (11) and a laser emitter (12); the induction bomb (10) is connected with the ignition control box (11) through a wire, and the input end of the ignition control box (11) is connected with the output end of the laser transmitter (12) through an optical fiber;

the distance between the tested electronic component and the testing device is 5 meters; the tested electronic components comprise a metal shielding box (13), a power-on pen note A (14), a plastic waterproof box (15) and a power-on pen note B (16); the power-on pen note A (14) is arranged in the metal shielding box (13) and is insulated from the metal shielding box, and the outer box of the metal shielding box (13) is grounded; the power-on pen note B (16) is arranged in the plastic waterproof box (15);

the distance between the tested load loop and the testing device is 2 meters; the tested load loop comprises three color indicator lamps (17), a photoelectric converter (18), a direct current power supply (19) and a photoelectric control box (20); the positive and negative poles of the three color indicator lamps (17) are connected with a photoelectric converter (18) through wires, and the photoelectric converter (18) is powered by the direct current power supply (19); the output end of the photoelectric control box (20) is connected with the input end of the photoelectric converter (18) through an optical fiber;

the large-gain Pearson coil (4) and the small-gain Pearson coil (5) are arranged in the metal shielding room (6);

placing a high-speed camera (21) in an observation chamber (22), wherein the distance between the observation chamber (22) and the metal shielding room (6) is 100 meters, and the lens of the high-speed camera (21) is aligned with a testing device for real-time observation;

the specific test method comprises the following steps:

firstly, building the testing device, during the passing of a strong thunderstorm system, transmitting the trigger bullet (1) through a remote ignition mode, and when lightning is successfully initiated, a lightning channel is along the steel wire (2) and hits the drainage rod (3), and in the process that lightning current enters the ground along the drainage rod (3), measuring the lightning current through the large-gain Pearson coil (4) and the small-gain Pearson coil (5), obtaining lightning current data, and transmitting the current data to the oscilloscope (8) and the induction overvoltage measuring instrument (9) through the optical fiber (7); meanwhile, working states of two notebooks which are 5 meters away from the drainage rod (3) are observed, the tolerance degree of the power-on note A (14) and the power-on note B (16) to induced overvoltage generated by lightning current under the condition that the metal shielding box (13) is protected and is not protected is evaluated, and whether the two working notebooks are broken down and destroyed by the lightning induced overvoltage is further analyzed;

secondly, observing whether the inductive bomb equipment in the waiting state is influenced by lightning strong induction overvoltage or not, and if the laser transmitter (12) is in the waiting state, the ignition control box (11) is broken down or not, and then automatically igniting and transmitting;

finally, observing whether a photoelectric control circuit of the tested loaded loop breaks down by lightning-induced overvoltage so as to instantly lighten the three-color indicator lamp; and at the moment that lightning hits the drainage rod, a high-speed camera with the distance of 100 meters is utilized to shoot and record data information in real time.

2. The direct lightning induced overvoltage measurement and tolerance performance test device of claim 1, wherein: the power-on notebook A (14) and the power-on notebook B (16) are powered by batteries and are in a normal working state during testing.

3. The direct lightning induced overvoltage measurement and tolerance performance test device of claim 1, wherein: the drainage rod (3), the large-gain Pearson coil (4), the small-gain Pearson coil (5) and the metal shielding room (6) are mutually insulated.

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